1
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Sirpilla O, Kenderian SS. Bioengineering MSCs for untapped therapeutic potential. Immunotherapy 2024:1-5. [PMID: 39268677 DOI: 10.1080/1750743x.2024.2390819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Sirpilla
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Saad S Kenderian
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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2
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Kagami H, Li X. Spheroids and organoids: Their implications for oral and craniofacial tissue/organ regeneration. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2024; 14:540-546. [PMID: 39092136 PMCID: PMC11292544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Spheroids are spherical aggregates of cells. Normally, most of adherent cells cannot survive in suspension; however, if they adhere to each other and grow to a certain size, they can survive without attaching to the dish surface. Studies have shown that spheroid formation induces dedifferentiation and improves plasticity, proliferative capability, and differentiation capability. In particular, spontaneous spheroids represent a selective and efficient cultivation technique for somatic stem cells. Organoids are considered mini-organs composed of multiple types of cells with extracellular matrices that are maintained in three-dimensional culture. Although their culture environment is similar to that of spheroids, organoids consist of differentiated cells with fundamental tissue/organ structures similar to those of native organs. Organoids have been used for drug development, disease models, and basic biological studies. Spheroid culture has been reported for various cell types in the oral and craniofacial regions, including salivary gland epithelial cells, periodontal ligament cells, dental pulp stem cells, and oral mucosa-derived cells. For broader clinical application, it is crucial to identify treatment targets that can leverage the superior stemness of spheroids. Organoids have been developed from various organs, including taste buds, oral mucosa, teeth, and salivary glands, for basic biological studies and also with the goal to replace damaged or defective organs. The development of novel immune-tolerant cell sources is the key to the widespread clinical application of organoids in regenerative medicine. Further efforts to understand the underlying basic mechanisms of spheroids and organoids will lead to the development of safe and efficient next-generation regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Kagami
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Xianqi Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, 399-0781, Japan
- Department of Hard Tissue Research, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, 399-0781, Japan
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3
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Borau C, Chisholm R, Richmond P, Walker D. An agent-based model for cell microenvironment simulation using FLAMEGPU2. Comput Biol Med 2024; 179:108831. [PMID: 38970834 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
This work presents an advanced agent-based model developed within the FLAMEGPU2 framework, aimed at simulating the intricate dynamics of cell microenvironments. Our primary objective is to showcase FLAMEGPU2's potential in modelling critical features such as cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions, species diffusion, vascularisation, cell migration, and/or cell cycling. By doing so, we provide a versatile template that serves as a foundational platform for researchers to model specific biological mechanisms or processes. We highlight the utility of our approach as a microscale component within multiscale frameworks. Through four example applications, we demonstrate the model's versatility in capturing phenomena such as strain-stiffening behaviour of hydrogels, cell migration patterns within hydrogels, spheroid formation and fibre reorientation, and the simulation of diffusion processes within a vascularised and deformable domain. This work aims to bridge the gap between computational efficiency and biological fidelity, offering a scalable and flexible platform to advance our understanding of tissue biology and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Borau
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering (M2BE), Mechanical Engineering Dept, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R Chisholm
- Department of Computer Science and Insigneo Institute of in Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - P Richmond
- Department of Computer Science and Insigneo Institute of in Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - D Walker
- Department of Computer Science and Insigneo Institute of in Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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4
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Jiang N, Hu Z, Wang Q, Hao J, Yang R, Jiang J, Wang H. Fibroblast growth factor 2 enhances BMSC stemness through ITGA2-dependent PI3K/AKT pathway activation. J Cell Physiol 2024:e31423. [PMID: 39188080 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) are promising cellular reservoirs for treating degenerative diseases, tissue injuries, and immune system disorders. However, the stemness of BMSCs tends to decrease during in vitro cultivation, thereby restricting their efficacy in clinical applications. Consequently, investigating strategies that bolster the preservation of BMSC stemness and maximize therapeutic potential is necessary. Transcriptomic and single-cell sequencing methodologies were used to perform a comprehensive examination of BMSCs with the objective of substantiating the pivotal involvement of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and integrin alpha 2 (ITGA2) in stemness regulation. To investigate the impact of these genes on the BMSC stemness in vitro, experimental approaches involving loss and gain of function were implemented. These approaches encompassed the modulation of FGF2 and ITGA2 expression levels via small interfering RNA and overexpression plasmids. Furthermore, we examined their influence on the proliferation and differentiation capacities of BMSCs, along with the expression of stemness markers, including octamer-binding transcription factor 4, Nanog homeobox, and sex determining region Y-box 2. Transcriptomic analyzes successfully identified FGF2 and ITGA2 as pivotal genes responsible for regulating the stemness of BMSCs. Subsequent single-cell sequencing revealed that elevated FGF2 and ITGA2 expression levels within specific stem cell subpopulations are closely associated with stemness maintenance. Moreover, additional in vitro experiments have convincingly demonstrated that FGF2 effectively enhances the BMSC stemness by upregulating ITGA2 expression, a process mediated by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway. This conclusion was supported by the observed upregulation of stemness markers following the induction of FGF2 and ITGA2. Moreover, administration of the BEZ235 pathway inhibitor resulted in the repression of stemness transcription factors, suggesting the substantial involvement of the PI3K/AKT pathway in stemness preservation facilitated by FGF2 and ITGA2. This study elucidates the involvement of FGF2 in augmenting BMSC stemness by modulating ITGA2 and activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. These findings offer valuable contributions to stem cell biology and emphasize the potential of manipulating FGF2 and ITGA2 to optimize BMSCs for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizhou Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenxin Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Quanxiang Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jiayu Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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5
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de Villiers M, Kotzé AF, du Plessis LH. Pneumatic extrusion bioprinting-based high throughput fabrication of a melanoma 3D cell culture model for anti-cancer drug screening. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:055034. [PMID: 39025118 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad651f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The high incidence of malignant melanoma highlights the need forin vitromodels that accurately represent the tumour microenvironment, enabling developments in melanoma therapy and drug screening. Despite several advancements in 3D cell culture models, appropriate melanoma models for evaluating drug efficacy are still in high demand. The 3D pneumatic extrusion-based bioprinting technology offers numerous benefits, including the ability to achieve high-throughput capabilities. However, there is a lack of research that combines pneumatic extrusion-based bioprinting with analytical assays to enable efficient drug screening in 3D melanoma models. To address this gap, this study developed a simple and highly reproducible approach to fabricate a 3D A375 melanoma cell culture model using the pneumatic extrusion-based bioprinting technology. To optimise this method, the bioprinting parameters for producing 3D cell cultures in a 96-well plate were adjusted to improve reproducibility while maintaining the desired droplet size and a cell viability of 92.13 ± 6.02%. The cross-linking method was optimised by evaluating cell viability and proliferation of the 3D bioprinted cells in three different concentrations of calcium chloride. The lower concentration of 50 mM resulted in higher cell viability and increased cell proliferation after 9 d of incubation. The A375 cells exhibited a steadier proliferation rate in the 3D bioprinted cell cultures, and tended to aggregate into spheroids, whereas the 2D cell cultures generally formed monolayered cell sheets. In addition, we evaluated the drug responses of four different anti-cancer drugs on the A375 cells in both the 2D and 3D cell cultures. The 3D cell cultures exhibited higher levels of drug resistance in all four tested anti-cancer drugs. This method presents a simple and cost-effective method of producing and analysing 3D cell culture models that do not add additional complexity to current assays and shows considerable potential for advancing 3D cell culture models' drug efficacy evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryke de Villiers
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Awie F Kotzé
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Lissinda H du Plessis
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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6
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Česnik AB, Švajger U. The issue of heterogeneity of MSC-based advanced therapy medicinal products-a review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1400347. [PMID: 39129786 PMCID: PMC11310176 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1400347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSCs) possess a remarkable potential for numerous clinical applications due to their unique properties including self-renewal, immunomodulation, paracrine actions and multilineage differentiation. However, the translation of MSC-based Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) into the clinic has frequently met with inconsistent outcomes. One of the suspected reasons for this issue is the inherent and extensive variability that exists among such ATMPs, which makes the interpretation of their clinical efficacy difficult to assess, as well as to compare the results of various studies. This variability stems from numerous reasons including differences in tissue sources, donor attributes, variances in manufacturing protocols, as well as modes of administration. MSCs can be isolated from various tissues including bone marrow, umbilical cord, adipose tissue and others, each with its unique phenotypic and functional characteristics. While MSCs from different sources do share common features, they also exhibit distinct gene expression profiles and functional properites. Donor-specific factors such as age, sex, body mass index, and underlying health conditions can influence MSC phenotype, morphology, differentiation potential and function. Moreover, variations in preparation of MSC products introduces additional heterogeneity as a result of cell culture media composition, presence or absence of added growth factors, use of different serum supplements and culturing techniques. Once MSC products are formulated, storage protocols play a pivotal role in its efficacy. Factors that affect cell viability include cell concentration, delivery solution and importantly, post-thawing protocols where applicable. Ensuing, differences in administration protocols can critically affect the distribution and functionallity of administered cells. As MSC-based therapies continue to advance through numerous clinical trials, implication of strategies to reduce product heterogeneity is imperative. Central to addressing these challenges is the need for precise prediction of clinical responses, which require well-defined MSC populations and harmonized assessment of their specific functions. By addressing these issues by meaningful approaches, such as, e.g., MSC pooling, the field can overcome barriers to advance towards more consistent and effective MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bajc Česnik
- Slovenian Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Department for Therapeutic Services, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urban Švajger
- Slovenian Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Department for Therapeutic Services, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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7
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Larey AM, Spoerer TM, Daga KR, Morfin MG, Hynds HM, Carpenter J, Hines KM, Marklein RA. High throughput screening of mesenchymal stromal cell morphological response to inflammatory signals for bioreactor-based manufacturing of extracellular vesicles that modulate microglia. Bioact Mater 2024; 37:153-171. [PMID: 38549769 PMCID: PMC10972802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to their immunomodulatory function, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising therapeutic with the potential to treat neuroinflammation associated with neurodegenerative diseases. This function is mediated by secreted extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs). Despite established safety, MSC clinical translation has been unsuccessful due to inconsistent clinical outcomes resulting from functional heterogeneity. Current approaches to mitigate functional heterogeneity include 'priming' MSCs with inflammatory signals to enhance function. However, comprehensive evaluation of priming and its effects on MSC-EV function has not been performed. Furthermore, clinical translation of MSC-EV therapies requires significant manufacturing scale-up, yet few studies have investigated the effects of priming in bioreactors. As MSC morphology has been shown to predict their immunomodulatory function, we screened MSC morphological response to an array of priming signals and evaluated MSC-EV identity and potency in response to priming in flasks and bioreactors. We identified unique priming conditions corresponding to distinct morphologies. These conditions demonstrated a range of MSC-EV preparation quality and lipidome, allowing us to discover a novel MSC-EV manufacturing condition, as well as gain insight into potential mechanisms of MSC-EV microglia modulation. Our novel screening approach and application of priming to MSC-EV bioreactor manufacturing informs refinement of larger-scale manufacturing and enhancement of MSC-EV function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Larey
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Thomas M. Spoerer
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kanupriya R. Daga
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Maria G. Morfin
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hannah M. Hynds
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jana Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kelly M. Hines
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ross A. Marklein
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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8
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Tovar-Parra D, Zammit-Mangion M. Comparative Analysis of the Effect of the BRAF Inhibitor Dabrafenib in 2D and 3D Cell Culture Models of Human Metastatic Melanoma Cells. In Vivo 2024; 38:1579-1593. [PMID: 38936891 PMCID: PMC11215570 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Melanoma, a variant of skin cancer, presents the highest mortality rates among all skin cancers. Despite advancements in targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and tissue culture techniques, the absence of an effective early treatment model remains a challenge. This study investigated the impact of dabrafenib on both 2D and 3D cell culture models with distinct molecular profiles. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed a high-throughput workflow enabling drug screening on spheroids. Our approach involved cultivating 2D and 3D cultures derived from normal melanocytes and metastatic melanoma cells, treating them with dabrafenib and conducting viability, aggregation, migration, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays. RESULTS Dabrafenib exerted multifaceted influences, particularly on migration at concentrations of 10 and 25 μM. It induced a decrease in cell viability, impeded cellular adhesion to the matrix, inhibited cellular aggregation and spheroid formation, arrested the cell cycle in the G1 phase, and induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION These results confirm the therapeutic potential of dabrafenib in treating melanoma with the BRAF V600E mutation and that 3D models are validated models to study the potential of new molecules for therapeutic purposes. Furthermore, our study underscores the relevance of 3D models in simulating physiological in vivo microenvironments, providing insights into varied treatment responses between normal and tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tovar-Parra
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta;
| | - Marion Zammit-Mangion
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta;
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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Yu G, Ding J, Yang N, Ge L, Chen N, Zhang X, Wang Q, Liu X, Zhang X, Jiang X, Geng Y, Zhang C, Pan J, Wang X, Gao W, Li Z, Zhang H, Ni W, Xiao J, Zhou K, Yang L. Evaluating the pro-survival potential of apoptotic bodies derived from 2D- and 3D- cultured adipose stem cells in ischaemic flaps. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:333. [PMID: 38877492 PMCID: PMC11177420 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In the realm of large-area trauma flap transplantation, averting ischaemic necrosis emerges as a pivotal concern. Several key mechanisms, including the promotion of angiogenesis, the inhibition of oxidative stress, the suppression of cell death, and the mitigation of inflammation, are crucial for enhancing skin flap survival. Apoptotic bodies (ABs), arising from cell apoptosis, have recently emerged as significant contributors to these functions. This study engineered three-dimensional (3D)-ABs using tissue-like mouse adipose-derived stem cells (mADSCs) cultured in a 3D environment to compare their superior biological effects against 2D-ABs in bolstering skin flap survival. The findings reveal that 3D-ABs (85.74 ± 4.51) % outperform 2D-ABs (76.48 ± 5.04) % in enhancing the survival rate of ischaemic skin flaps (60.45 ± 8.95) % (all p < 0.05). Mechanistically, they stimulated angiogenesis, mitigated oxidative stress, suppressed apoptosis, and facilitated the transition of macrophages from M1 to M2 polarization (all p < 0.05). A comparative analysis of microRNA (miRNA) profiles in 3D- and 2D-ABs identified several specific miRNAs (miR-423-5p-up, miR30b-5p-down, etc.) with pertinent roles. In summary, ABs derived from mADSCs cultured in a 3D spheroid-like arrangement exhibit heightened biological activity compared to those from 2D-cultured mADSCs and are more effective in promoting ischaemic skin flap survival. These effects are attributed to their influence on specific miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxiang Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Department of Hand Surgery, Ningbo Sixth Hospital, Ningbo, 315042, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Ningning Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Lu Ge
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Nuo Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xuzi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Qiuchen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xuanlong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yibo Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Ningbo Sixth Hospital, Ningbo, 315042, China
| | - Jiadong Pan
- Department of Hand Surgery, Ningbo Sixth Hospital, Ningbo, 315042, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Weiyang Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Wenfei Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Kailiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Liangliang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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10
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An C, Shao F, Long C, Zhang Y, Nie W, Zeng R, Dou Z, Zhao Y, Lin Y, Zhang S, Zhang L, Ren C, Zhang Y, Zhou G, Wang H, Liu J. Local delivery of stem cell spheroids with protein/polyphenol self-assembling armor to improve myocardial infarction treatment via immunoprotection and immunoregulation. Biomaterials 2024; 307:122526. [PMID: 38513434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Stem cell therapies have shown great potential for treating myocardial infarction (MI) but are limited by low cell survival and compromised functionality due to the harsh microenvironment at the disease site. Here, we presented a Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) spheroid-based strategy for MI treatment by introducing a protein/polyphenol self-assembling armor coating on the surface of cell spheroids, which showed significantly enhanced therapeutic efficacy by actively manipulating the hostile pathological MI microenvironment and enabling versatile functionality, including protecting the donor cells from host immune clearance, remodeling the ROS microenvironment and stimulating MSC's pro-healing paracrine secretion. The underlying mechanism was elucidated, wherein the armor protected to prolong MSCs residence at MI site, and triggered paracrine stimulation of MSCs towards immunoregulation and angiogenesis through inducing hypoxia to provoke glycolysis in stem cells. Furthermore, local delivery of coated MSC spheroids in MI rat significantly alleviated local inflammation and subsequent fibrosis via mediation macrophage polarization towards pro-healing M2 phenotype and improved cardiac function. In general, this study provided critical insight into the enhanced therapeutic efficacy of stem cell spheroids coated with a multifunctional armor. It potentially opens up a new avenue for designing immunomodulatory treatment for MI via stem cell therapy empowered by functional biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfeng An
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Fei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Canling Long
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, PR China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Wen Nie
- Department of Prosthodontics, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, PR China
| | - Rui Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Lin
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Shiying Zhang
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Eye Hospital, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Changle Ren
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, PR China; Department of Joint Surgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, 116044, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China; School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Guangqian Zhou
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Anti-ageing and Regenerative Medicine and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Huanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, PR China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, PR China.
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11
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Wu X, Chen Y, Kreutz A, Silver B, Tokar EJ. Pluripotent stem cells for target organ developmental toxicity testing. Toxicol Sci 2024; 199:163-171. [PMID: 38547390 PMCID: PMC11131012 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Prenatal developmental toxicity research focuses on understanding the potential adverse effects of environmental agents, drugs, and chemicals on the development of embryos and fetuses. Traditional methods involve animal testing, but ethical concerns and the need for human-relevant models have prompted the exploration of alternatives. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are versatile cells with the unique ability to differentiate into any cell type, serving as a foundational tool for studying human development. Two-dimensional (2D) PSC models are often chosen for their ease of use and reproducibility for high-throughput screening. However, they lack the complexity of an in vivo environment. Alternatively, three-dimensional (3D) PSC models, such as organoids, offer tissue architecture and intercellular communication more reminiscent of in vivo conditions. However, they are complicated to produce and analyze, usually requiring advanced and expensive techniques. This review discusses recent advances in the use of human PSCs differentiated into brain and heart lineages and emerging tools and methods that can be combined with PSCs to help address important scientific questions in the area of developmental toxicology. These advancements and new approach methods align with the push for more relevant and predictive developmental toxicity assessment, combining innovative techniques with organoid models to advance regulatory decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA
| | - Yichang Chen
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Anna Kreutz
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
- Inotiv, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27560, USA
| | - Brian Silver
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Erik J Tokar
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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12
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Liu Y, Chen P, Zhou T, Zeng J, Liu Z, Wang R, Xu Y, Yin W, Rong M. Co-culture of STRO1 + human gingival mesenchymal stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells in 3D spheroids: enhanced in vitro osteogenic and angiogenic capacities. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1378035. [PMID: 38770153 PMCID: PMC11102987 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1378035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cell spheroid is a promising graft substitute for bone tissue engineering. Spheroids obtained by 3D culture of STRO1+ Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells (sGMSCs) (sGMSC spheroids, GS) seldom express angiogenic factors, limiting their angiogenic differentiation in vivo. This study introduced a novel stem cell spheroid with osteogenic and angiogenic potential through 3D co-culture of sGMSCs and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) (sGMSC/HUVEC spheroids, GHS). GHS with varying seeding ratios of sGMSCs to HUVECs (GHR) were developed. Cell fusion within the GHS system was observed via immunofluorescence. Calcein-AM/PI staining and chemiluminescence assay indicated cellular viability within the GHS. Furthermore, osteogenic and angiogenic markers, including ALP, OCN, RUNX2, CD31, and VEGFA, were quantified and compared with the control group comprising solely of sGMSCs (GS). Incorporating HUVECs into GHS extended cell viability and stability, initiated the expression of angiogenic factors CD31 and VEGFA, and upregulated the expression of osteogenic factors ALP, OCN, and RUNX2, especially when GHS with a GHR of 1:1. Taken together, GHS, derived from the 3D co-culture of sGMSCs and HUVECs, enhanced osteogenic and angiogenic capacities in vitro, extending the application of cell therapy in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Liu
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Zhou
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jincheng Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruijie Wang
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwei Xu
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuwei Yin
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingdeng Rong
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Chen W, Wu P, Jin C, Chen Y, Li C, Qian H. Advances in the application of extracellular vesicles derived from three-dimensional culture of stem cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:215. [PMID: 38693585 PMCID: PMC11064407 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) have been used therapeutically for decades, yet their applications are limited by factors such as the risk of immune rejection and potential tumorigenicity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a key paracrine component of stem cell potency, overcome the drawbacks of stem cell applications as a cell-free therapeutic agent and play an important role in treating various diseases. However, EVs derived from two-dimensional (2D) planar culture of SCs have low yield and face challenges in large-scale production, which hinders the clinical translation of EVs. Three-dimensional (3D) culture, given its ability to more realistically simulate the in vivo environment, can not only expand SCs in large quantities, but also improve the yield and activity of EVs, changing the content of EVs and improving their therapeutic effects. In this review, we briefly describe the advantages of EVs and EV-related clinical applications, provide an overview of 3D cell culture, and finally focus on specific applications and future perspectives of EVs derived from 3D culture of different SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peipei Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Can Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinjie Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hui Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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14
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Zhu X, Li Y, Dong Q, Tian C, Gong J, Bai X, Ruan J, Gao J. Small Molecules Promote the Rapid Generation of Dental Epithelial Cells from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4138. [PMID: 38673725 PMCID: PMC11049943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer a promising source for generating dental epithelial (DE) cells. Whereas the existing differentiation protocols were time-consuming and relied heavily on growth factors, herein, we developed a three-step protocol to convert hiPSCs into DE cells in 8 days. In the first phase, hiPSCs were differentiated into non-neural ectoderm using SU5402 (an FGF signaling inhibitor). The second phase involved differentiating non-neural ectoderm into pan-placodal ectoderm and simultaneously inducing the formation of oral ectoderm (OE) using LDN193189 (a BMP signaling inhibitor) and purmorphamine (a SHH signaling activator). In the final phase, OE cells were differentiated into DE through the application of Purmorphamine, XAV939 (a WNT signaling inhibitor), and BMP4. qRT-PCR and immunostaining were performed to examine the expression of lineage-specific markers. ARS staining was performed to evaluate the formation of the mineralization nodule. The expression of PITX2, SP6, and AMBN, the emergence of mineralization nodules, and the enhanced expression of AMBN and AMELX in spheroid culture implied the generation of DE cells. This study delineates the developmental signaling pathways and uses small molecules to streamline the induction of hiPSCs into DE cells. Our findings present a simplified and quicker method for generating DE cells, contributing valuable insights for dental regeneration and dental disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.)
- Center of Oral Public Health, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China;
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.)
- Center of Oral Public Health, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China;
| | - Qiannan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.)
- Center of Oral Public Health, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China;
| | - Chunli Tian
- Center of Oral Public Health, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China;
| | - Jing Gong
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (J.G.); (X.B.)
| | - Xiaofan Bai
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (J.G.); (X.B.)
| | - Jianping Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.)
- Center of Oral Public Health, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China;
| | - Jianghong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (Q.D.)
- Center of Oral Public Health, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China;
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15
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Noor Azlan NAB, Vitus V, Nor Rashid N, Nordin F, Tye GJ, Wan Kamarul Zaman WS. Human mesenchymal stem cell secretomes: Factors affecting profiling and challenges in clinical application. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 395:227-250. [PMID: 38244032 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03857-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The promising field of regenerative medicine is thrilling as it can repair and restore organs for various debilitating diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells are one of the main components in regenerative medicine that work through the release of secretomes. By adopting the use of the secretome in cell-free-based therapy, we may be able to address the challenges faced in cell-based therapy. As one of the components of cell-free-based therapy, secretome has the advantage of a better safety and efficacy profile than mesenchymal stem cells. However, secretome has its challenges that need to be addressed, such as its bioprocessing methods that may impact the secretome content and its mechanisms of action in clinical settings. Effective and standardization of bioprocessing protocols are important to ensure the supply and sustainability of secretomes for clinical applications. This may eventually impact its commercialization and marketability. In this review, the bioprocessing methods and their impacts on the secretome profile and treatment are discussed. This improves understanding of its fundamental aspects leading to potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vieralynda Vitus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurshamimi Nor Rashid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fazlina Nordin
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gee Jun Tye
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Wan Safwani Wan Kamarul Zaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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16
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Song SS, Park HJ, Kim YK, Kang SW. Revolutionizing biomedical research: The imperative need for heart-kidney-connected organoids. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:010902. [PMID: 38420624 PMCID: PMC10901547 DOI: 10.1063/5.0190840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Organoids significantly advanced our comprehension of organ development, function, and disease modeling. This Perspective underscores the potential of heart-kidney-connected organoids in understanding the intricate relationship between these vital organs, notably the cardiorenal syndrome, where dysfunction in one organ can negatively impact the other. Conventional models fall short in replicating this complexity, necessitating an integrated approach. By co-culturing heart and kidney organoids, combined with microfluidic and 3D bioprinting technologies, a more accurate representation of in vivo conditions can be achieved. Such interconnected systems could revolutionize our grasp of multi-organ diseases, drive drug discovery by evaluating therapeutic agents on both organs simultaneously, and reduce the need for animal models. In essence, heart-kidney-connected organoids present a promising avenue to delve deeper into the pathophysiology underlying cardiorenal disorders, bridging existing knowledge gaps, and advancing biomedical research.
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17
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Wang W, Yang T, Chen S, Liang L, Wang Y, Ding Y, Xiong W, Ye X, Guo Y, Shen S, Chen H, Chen J. Tissue engineering RPE sheet derived from hiPSC-RPE cell spheroids supplemented with Y-27632 and RepSox. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:7. [PMID: 38229139 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell therapy is a promising way to treat many retinal diseases. However, obtaining transplantable RPE cells is time-consuming and less effective. This study aimed to develop novel strategies for generating engineered RPE patches with physiological characteristics. RESULTS Our findings revealed that RPE cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) successfully self-assembled into spheroids. The RPE spheroids treated with Y27632 and Repsox had increased expression of epithelial markers and RPE-specific genes, along with improved cell viability and barrier function. Transcriptome analysis indicated enhanced cell adhesion and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization in RPE spheroids. These RPE spheroids could be seeded and bioprinted on collagen vitrigel (CV) membranes to construct engineered RPE sheets. Circular RPE patches, obtained by trephining a specific section of the RPE sheet, exhibited abundant microvilli and pigment particles, as well as reduced proliferative capacity and enhanced maturation. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the supplementation of small molecules and 3D spheroid culture, as well as the bioprinting technique, can be effective methods to promote RPE cultivation and construct engineered RPE sheets, which may support future clinical RPE cell therapy and the development of RPE models for research applications.
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Grants
- NSFC-RGC, 32061160469, N_CUHK432/20 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- NSFC-RGC, 32061160469, N_CUHK432/20 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- NSFC-RGC, 32061160469, N_CUHK432/20 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- NSFC-RGC, 32061160469, N_CUHK432/20 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- NSFC-RGC, 32061160469, N_CUHK432/20 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- NSFC-RGC, 32061160469, N_CUHK432/20 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- NSFC-RGC, 32061160469, N_CUHK432/20 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- NSFC-RGC, 32061160469, N_CUHK432/20 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- NSFC-RGC, 32061160469, N_CUHK432/20 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- NSFC-RGC, 32061160469, N_CUHK432/20 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- NSFC-RGC, 32061160469, N_CUHK432/20 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- NSFC-RGC, 32061160469, N_CUHK432/20 National Natural Science Foundation of China
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sihui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liying Liang
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingxin Wang
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Ding
- The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhong Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonglong Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhao Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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18
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Mahmoud M, Abdel-Rasheed M, Galal ER, El-Awady RR. Factors Defining Human Adipose Stem/Stromal Cell Immunomodulation in Vitro. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:175-205. [PMID: 37962697 PMCID: PMC10799834 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Human adipose tissue-derived stem/stromal cells (hASCs) are adult multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells with immunomodulatory capacities. Here, we present up-to-date knowledge on the impact of different experimental and donor-related factors on hASC immunoregulatory functions in vitro. The experimental determinants include the immunological status of hASCs relative to target immune cells, contact vs. contactless interaction, and oxygen tension. Factors such as the ratio of hASCs to immune cells, the cellular context, the immune cell activation status, and coculture duration are also discussed. Conditioning of hASCs with different approaches before interaction with immune cells, hASC culture in xenogenic or xenofree culture medium, hASC culture in two-dimension vs. three-dimension with biomaterials, and the hASC passage number are among the experimental parameters that greatly may impact the hASC immunosuppressive potential in vitro, thus, they are also considered. Moreover, the influence of donor-related characteristics such as age, sex, and health status on hASC immunomodulation in vitro is reviewed. By analysis of the literature studies, most of the indicated determinants have been investigated in broad non-standardized ranges, so the results are not univocal. Clear conclusions cannot be drawn for the fine-tuned scenarios of many important factors to set a standard hASC immunopotency assay. Such variability needs to be carefully considered in further standardized research. Importantly, field experts' opinions may help to make it clearer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Mahmoud
- Stem Cell Research Group, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Ad Doqi, Dokki, 12622, Cairo Governorate, Egypt.
- Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mazen Abdel-Rasheed
- Stem Cell Research Group, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Ad Doqi, Dokki, 12622, Cairo Governorate, Egypt
- Department of Reproductive Health Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Reda Galal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab R El-Awady
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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19
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Kim JH, Lee HJ, Song HJ, Park JB. Impact of 17β-Estradiol on the Shape, Survival, Osteogenic Transformation, and mRNA Expression of Gingiva-Derived Stem Cell Spheroids. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 60:60. [PMID: 38256321 PMCID: PMC10817649 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Mesenchymal stem cells hold promise for tissue regeneration, given their robust growth and versatile differentiation capabilities. An analysis of bone marrow-sourced mesenchymal stem cell proliferation showed that 17β-estradiol could enhance their growth. This study aims to investigate the influence of 17β-estradiol on the shape, survival, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization of human mesenchymal stem cells. Materials and Methods: Spheroids made from human gingiva-derived stem cells were cultivated with varying concentrations of 17β-estradiol: 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 nM. Morphology was assessed on days 1, 3, and 5. The live/dead kit assay was employed on day 3 for qualitative cell viability, while cell counting kit-8 was used for quantitative viability assessments on days 1, 3, and 5. To evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of the spheroids, a real-time polymerase chain reaction assessed the expressions of RUNX2 and COL1A1 on day 7. Results: The stem cells formed cohesive spheroids, and the inclusion of 17β-estradiol did not noticeably alter their shape. The spheroid diameter remained consistent across concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 nM of 17β-estradiol. However, cellular viability was boosted with the addition of 1 and 10 nM of 17β-estradiol. The highest expression levels for RUNX2 and COL1A1 were observed with the introduction of 17β-estradiol at 0.1 nM. Conclusions: In conclusion, from the results obtained, it can be inferred that 17β-estradiol can be utilized for differentiating stem cell spheroids. Furthermore, the localized and controlled use, potentially through localized delivery systems or biomaterials, can be an area of active research. While 17β-estradiol holds promise for enhancing stem cell applications, any clinical use requires a thorough understanding of its mechanisms, careful control of its dosage and delivery, and extensive testing to ensure safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hwan Kim
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Hyun-Jin Lee
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Hye-Jung Song
- Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-J.L.)
- Dental Implantology, Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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20
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Krasnova O, Kovaleva A, Saveleva A, Kulakova K, Bystrova O, Martynova M, Domnina A, Sopova J, Neganova I. Mesenchymal stem cells lose the senescent phenotype under 3D cultivation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:373. [PMID: 38111010 PMCID: PMC10729581 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03599-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture is widely used in various fields of cell biology. In comparison to conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture, 3D cell culture facilitates a more accurate replication of the in vivo microenvironment, which is essential for obtaining more relevant results. The application of 3D cell culture techniques in regenerative medicine, particularly in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based research, has been extensively studied. Many of these studies focus on the enhanced paracrine activity of MSCs cultured in 3D environments. However, few focus on the cellular processes that occur during 3D cultivation. METHODS In this work, we studied the changes occurring within 3D-cultured MSCs (3D-MSCs). Specifically, we examined the expression of numerous senescent-associated markers, the actin cytoskeleton structure, the architecture of the Golgi apparatus and the localization of mTOR, one of the main positive regulators of replicative senescence. In addition, we assessed whether the selective elimination of senescent cells occurs upon 3D culturing by using cell sorting based on autofluorescence. RESULTS Our findings indicate that 3D-MSCs were able to lose replicative senescence markers under 3D cell culture conditions. We observed changes in actin cytoskeleton structure, Golgi apparatus architecture and revealed that 3D cultivation leads to the nuclear localization of mTOR, resulting in a decrease in its active cytoplasmic form. Additionally, our findings provide evidence that 3D cell culture promotes the phenotypic reversion of senescent cell phenotype rather than their removal from the bulk population. CONCLUSION These novel insights into the biology of 3D-MSCs can be applied to research in regenerative medicine to overcome replicative senescence and MSC heterogeneity as they often pose significant concerns regarding safety and effectiveness for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Krasnova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - A Kovaleva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Saveleva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - K Kulakova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - O Bystrova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - M Martynova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Domnina
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - J Sopova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - I Neganova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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21
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Larey AM, Spoerer TM, Daga KR, Morfin MG, Hynds HM, Carpenter J, Hines KM, Marklein RA. High throughput screening of mesenchymal stromal cell morphological response to inflammatory signals for bioreactor-based manufacturing of extracellular vesicles that modulate microglia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.19.567730. [PMID: 38014258 PMCID: PMC10680807 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.19.567730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Due to their immunomodulatory function, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising therapeutic with the potential to treat neuroinflammation associated with neurodegenerative diseases. This function can be mediated by secreted extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs). Despite established safety, MSC clinical translation has been unsuccessful due to inconsistent clinical outcomes resulting from functional heterogeneity. Current approaches to mitigate functional heterogeneity include 'priming' MSCs with inflammatory signals to enhance function. However, comprehensive evaluation of priming and its effects on MSC-EV function has not been performed. Clinical translation of MSC-EV therapies requires significant manufacturing scale-up, yet few studies have investigated the effects of priming in bioreactors. As MSC morphology has been shown to predict their immunomodulatory function, we screened MSC morphological response to an array of priming signals and evaluated MSC-EV identity and potency in response to priming in flasks and bioreactors. We identified unique priming conditions corresponding to distinct morphologies. These conditions demonstrated a range of MSC-EV preparation quality and lipidome, allowing us to discover a novel MSC-EV manufacturing condition, as well as gain insight into potential mechanisms of MSC-EV microglia modulation. Our novel screening approach and application of priming to MSC-EV bioreactor manufacturing informs refinement of larger-scale manufacturing and enhancement of MSC-EV function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Larey
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Thomas M. Spoerer
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kanupriya R. Daga
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Maria G. Morfin
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hannah M. Hynds
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jana Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kelly M. Hines
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ross A. Marklein
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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22
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Mishra A, Kai R, Atkuru S, Dai Y, Piccinini F, Preshaw PM, Sriram G. Fluid flow-induced modulation of viability and osteodifferentiation of periodontal ligament stem cell spheroids-on-chip. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7432-7444. [PMID: 37819086 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01011b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing physiologically relevant in vitro models for studying periodontitis is crucial for understanding its pathogenesis and developing effective therapeutic strategies. In this study, we aimed to integrate the spheroid culture of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) within a spheroid-on-chip microfluidic perfusion platform and to investigate the influence of interstitial fluid flow on morphogenesis, cellular viability, and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSC spheroids. PDLSC spheroids were seeded onto the spheroid-on-chip microfluidic device and cultured under static and flow conditions. Computational analysis demonstrated the translation of fluid flow rates of 1.2 μl min-1 (low-flow) and 7.2 μl min-1 (high-flow) to maximum fluid shear stress of 59 μPa and 360 μPa for low and high-flow conditions, respectively. The spheroid-on-chip microfluidic perfusion platform allowed for modulation of flow conditions leading to larger PDLSC spheroids with improved cellular viability under flow compared to static conditions. Modulation of fluid flow enhanced the osteodifferentiation potential of PDLSC spheroids, demonstrated by significantly enhanced alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase expression. Additionally, flow conditions, especially high-flow conditions, exhibited extensive calcium staining across both peripheral and central regions of the spheroids, in contrast to the predominantly peripheral staining observed under static conditions. These findings highlight the importance of fluid flow in shaping the morphological and functional properties of PDLSC spheroids. This work paves the way for future investigations exploring the interactions between PDLSC spheroids, microbial pathogens, and biomaterials within a controlled fluidic environment, offering insights for the development of innovative periodontal therapies, tissue engineering strategies, and regenerative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Mishra
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ren Kai
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Srividya Atkuru
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yichen Dai
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Filippo Piccinini
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore
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23
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Chang CC, Jiang SS, Tsai FY, Hsu PJ, Hsieh CC, Wang LT, Yen ML, Yen BL. Targeting Conserved Pathways in 3D Spheroid Formation of Diverse Cell Types for Translational Application: Enhanced Functional and Antioxidant Capacity. Cells 2023; 12:2050. [PMID: 37626861 PMCID: PMC10453086 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro spheroid/organoid culture increasingly appears to better mimic physiological states than standard 2D systems. The biological consequence of 3D spheroids, however, differs for different cell types: for pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs), differentiation and loss of stemness occur, while the converse is true for somatic and cancer cells. Despite such diverse consequences, there are likely conserved mechanisms governing 3D spheroid formation across cell types that are unknown but could be efficiently targeted for translational application. To elucidate such processes, we performed transcriptome analysis with functional validation on 2D- and 3D-cultured mouse ESCs, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), and cancer cells. At both the transcriptomic and functional levels, 3D spheroid formation resulted in commitment towards known cell-specific functional outcomes. Surprisingly in all cell types, downregulation of the cholesterol synthesis pathway was found during 3D spheroid formation, with modulation concomitantly affecting 3D spheroid formation and cell-specific consequences; similar results were seen with human cell types. Furthermore, improved antioxidant capacity after 3D spheroid formation across cell types was further enhanced with modulation of the pathway. These findings demonstrate the profound cell-specific consequences and the translational value of understanding conserved mechanisms across diverse cell types after 3D spheroid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center (NDMC), Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan 350, Taiwan
| | | | - Fang-Yu Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, NHRI, Zhunan 350, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Hsu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan 350, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chan Hsieh
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan 350, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital & College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Men-Luh Yen
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital & College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - B. Linju Yen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center (NDMC), Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan 350, Taiwan
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24
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Blanco-Elices C, Oruezabal RI, Sánchez-Porras D, Chato-Astrain J, Campos F, Alaminos M, Garzón I, Campos A. A novel 3D biofabrication strategy to improve cell proliferation and differentiation of human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal cells for cell therapy and tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1235161. [PMID: 37636000 PMCID: PMC10448765 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1235161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Obtaining sufficient numbers of cells in a short time is a major goal of cell culturing in cell therapy and tissue engineering. However, current bidimensional (2D) culture methods are associated to several limitations, including low efficiency and the loss of key cell differentiation markers on cultured cells. Methods: In the present work, we have designed a novel biofabrication method based on a three-dimensional (3D) culture system (FIBRIAGAR-3D). Human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal cells (HWJSC) were cultured in 3D using 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% concentrations of fibrin-agarose biomaterials (FA100, FA75, FA50 and FA25 group) and compared with control cells cultured using classical 2D systems (CTR-2D). Results: Our results showed a significant increase in the number of cells generated after 7 days of culture, with cells displaying numerous expansions towards the biomaterial, and a significant overexpression of the cell proliferation marker KI67 was found for the FA75 and FA100 groups. TUNEL and qRT-PCR analyses demonstrated that the use of FIBRIAGAR-3D was not associated with an induction of apoptosis by cultured cells. Instead, the 3D system retained the expression of typical phenotypic markers of HWJSC, including CD73, CD90, CD105, NANOG and OCT4, and biosynthesis markers such as types-I and IV collagens, with significant increase of some of these markers, especially in the FA100 group. Finally, our analysis of 8 cell signaling molecules revealed a significant decrease of GM-CSF, IFN-g, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL8, and TNFα, suggesting that the 3D culture system did not induce the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules. Conclusion: These results confirm the usefulness of FIBRIAGAR-3D culture systems to increase cell proliferation without altering cell phenotype of immunogenicity and opens the door to the possibility of using this novel biofabrication method in cell therapy and tissue engineering of the human cornea, oral mucosa, skin, urethra, among other structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Blanco-Elices
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | | | - David Sánchez-Porras
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Chato-Astrain
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Campos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Alaminos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Ingrid Garzón
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Campos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
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