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O'Connor TF, Chatterjee S, Lam J, de la Ossa DHP, Martinez-Peyrat L, Hoefnagel MH, Fisher AC. An examination of process models and model risk frameworks for pharmaceutical manufacturing. Int J Pharm X 2024; 8:100274. [PMID: 39206253 PMCID: PMC11350267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Process models are a growing tool for pharmaceutical manufacturing process design and control. The Industry 4.0 paradigm promises to increase the amount of data available to understand manufacturing processes. Tools such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) might accelerate process development and allow better predictions of process trajectories. Several examples of process improvements realized through the application of process models have been shown in lyophilization, chromatography, fluid bed drying, bioreactor control, continuous direct compression, and wet granulation. An important consideration of implementing a process model is determining the impact of the model on the quality of the product and the risks associated with model maintenance over the product lifecycle. Several regulatory documents address risk-based considerations for process models. This work discusses existing risk-based frameworks for model validation and lifecycle maintenance that could aid the adoption of process models in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Hypothetical case studies illustrate the implications of applying a model risk framework to facilitate model validation and lifecycle maintenance in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and biological products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F. O'Connor
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Sharmista Chatterjee
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Johnny Lam
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | | | - Leticia Martinez-Peyrat
- French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety, F-93285, Saint-Denis, France
- Quality Innovation Group (QIG), European Medicines Agency (EMA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel H.N. Hoefnagel
- Quality Innovation Group (QIG), European Medicines Agency (EMA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- CBG-MEB (Medicines Evaluation Board), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Adam C. Fisher
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
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Vaishya R, Dhall S, Vaish A. Artificial Intelligence (AI): A Potential Game Changer in Regenerative Orthopedics-A Scoping Review. Indian J Orthop 2024; 58:1362-1374. [PMID: 39324081 PMCID: PMC11420425 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-024-01189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aims Regenerative orthopedics involves approaches like stem cell therapy, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy, the use of biological scaffold implants, tissue engineering, etc. We aim to present a scoping review of the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in different treatment approaches of regenerative orthopedics. Methods Using the PRISMA guidelines, a search for articles for the last ten years (2013-2024) on PubMed was done, using several keywords. We have discussed the state-of-the-art, strengths/benefits, and limitations of the published research, and provide a useful resource for the way ahead in future for researchers working in this area. Results Using the eligibility criteria out of 82 initially screened publications, we included 18 studies for this review. We noticed that the treatment responses to regenerative treatments depend on several factors; hence, to facilitate better comprehensive and patient-specific treatments, AI technology is very useful. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) are a few of the most frequently used AI techniques. They use a data-driven approach for training models to make human-like decisions. Data are fed to the ML/DL algorithm and the trained model makes classifications or predictions based on its learning. Conclusion The area of regenerative orthopedics is highly sophisticated and significantly aids in providing cost-effective and non-invasive treatments to patients suffering from orthopedic ailments and injuries. Due to its promising future, the use of AI in regenerative orthopedics is an emerging and promising research field; however, its universal clinical applications are associated with some ethical considerations, which need addressing. Graphical Abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43465-024-01189-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Vaishya
- Department of Orthopaedics and Joint Replacement Surgery, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, 110076 India
| | - Sakshi Dhall
- Department of Mathematics, Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Abhishek Vaish
- Department of Orthopaedics and Joint Replacement Surgery, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, 110076 India
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Priyadarshani P, Van Grouw A, Liversage AR, Rui K, Nikitina A, Tehrani KF, Aggarwal B, Stice SL, Sinha S, Kemp ML, Fernández FM, Mortensen LJ. Investigation of MSC potency metrics via integration of imaging modalities with lipidomic characterization. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114579. [PMID: 39153198 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) therapies have had limited success so far in clinical trials due in part to heterogeneity in immune-responsive phenotypes. Therefore, techniques to characterize these properties of MSCs are needed during biomanufacturing. Imaging cell shape, or morphology, has been found to be associated with MSC immune responsivity-but a direct relationship between single-cell morphology and function has not been established. We used label-free differential phase contrast imaging and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) to evaluate single-cell morphology and explore relationships with lipid metabolic immune response. In interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-stimulated MSCs, we found higher lipid abundances from the ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), phosphatidylcholine (PC), LysoPC, and triglyceride (TAG) families that are involved in cell immune function. Furthermore, we identified differences in lipid signatures in morphologically defined MSC subpopulations. The use of single-cell optical imaging coupled with single-cell spatial lipidomics could assist in optimizing the MSC production process and improve mechanistic understanding of manufacturing process effects on MSC immune activity and heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Priyadarshani
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Regenerative Bioscience Center, Rhodes Center for ADS, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Alexandria Van Grouw
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Adrian Ross Liversage
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Regenerative Bioscience Center, Rhodes Center for ADS, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kejie Rui
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Regenerative Bioscience Center, Rhodes Center for ADS, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Arina Nikitina
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Kayvan Forouhesh Tehrani
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Bhavay Aggarwal
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Steven L Stice
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Rhodes Center for ADS, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Saurabh Sinha
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Melissa L Kemp
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Facundo M Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Luke J Mortensen
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Regenerative Bioscience Center, Rhodes Center for ADS, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Ghoneim MA, Gabr MM, El-Halawani SM, Refaie AF. Current status of stem cell therapy for type 1 diabetes: a critique and a prospective consideration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:23. [PMID: 38281991 PMCID: PMC10823744 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, there had been progress in the development of cell therapy for insulin-dependent diabetes. Nevertheless, important hurdles that need to be overcome still remain. Protocols for the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into pancreatic progenitors or fully differentiated β-cells have been developed. The resulting insulin-producing cells can control chemically induced diabetes in rodents and were the subject of several clinical trials. However, these cells are immunogenic and possibly teratogenic for their transplantation, and an immunoisolation device and/or immunosuppression is needed. A growing number of studies have utilized genetic manipulations to produce immune evasive cells. Evidence must be provided that in addition to the expected benefit, gene manipulations should not lead to any unforeseen complications. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) can provide a viable alternative. MSCs are widely available from many tissues. They can form insulin-producing cells by directed differentiation. Experimentally, evidence has shown that the transplantation of allogenic insulin-producing cells derived from MSCs is associated with a muted allogeneic response that does not interfere with their functionality. This can be explained by the immunomodulatory functions of the MSC subpopulation that did not differentiate into insulin-producing cells. Recently, exosomes derived from naive MSCs have been used in the experimental domain to treat diabetes in rodents with varying degrees of success. Several mechanisms for their beneficial functions were proposed including a reduction in insulin resistance, the promotion of autophagy, and an increase in the T regulatory population. However, euglycemia was not achieved in any of these experiments. We suggest that exosomes derived from β-cells or insulin-producing cells (educated) can provide a better therapeutic effect than those derived from undifferentiated cells.
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