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Özvegy-Laczka C, Ungvári O, Bakos É. Fluorescence-based methods for studying activity and drug-drug interactions of hepatic solute carrier and ATP binding cassette proteins involved in ADME-Tox. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 209:115448. [PMID: 36758706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In humans, approximately 70% of drugs are eliminated through the liver. This process is governed by the concerted action of membrane transporters and metabolic enzymes. Transporters mediating hepatocellular uptake of drugs belong to the SLC (Solute carrier) superfamily of transporters. Drug efflux either toward the portal vein or into the bile is mainly mediated by active transporters of the ABC (ATP Binding Cassette) family. Alteration in the function and/or expression of liver transporters due to mutations, disease conditions, or co-administration of drugs or food components can result in altered pharmacokinetics. On the other hand, drugs or food components interacting with liver transporters may also interfere with liver function (e.g., bile acid homeostasis) and may even cause liver toxicity. Accordingly, certain transporters of the liver should be investigated already at an early stage of drug development. Most frequently radioactive probes are applied in these drug-transporter interaction tests. However, fluorescent probes are cost-effective and sensitive alternatives to radioligands, and are gaining wider application in drug-transporter interaction tests. In our review, we summarize our current understanding about hepatocyte ABC and SLC transporters affected by drug interactions. We provide an update of the available fluorescent and fluorogenic/activable probes applicable in in vitro or in vivo testing of these ABC and SLC transporters, including near-infrared transporter probes especially suitable for in vivo imaging. Furthermore, our review gives a comprehensive overview of the available fluorescence-based methods, not directly relying on the transport of the probe, suitable for the investigation of hepatic ABC or SLC-type drug transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Özvegy-Laczka
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Hungary.
| | - Orsolya Ungvári
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Hungary; Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Bakos
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Hungary
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Role of Hepatocyte Transporters in Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI)-In Vitro Testing. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010029. [PMID: 36678658 PMCID: PMC9866820 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids and bile salts (BA/BS) are substrates of both influx and efflux transporters on hepatocytes. Canalicular efflux transporters, such as BSEP and MRP2, are crucial for the removal of BA/BS to the bile. Basolateral influx transporters, such as NTCP, OATP1B1/1B3, and OSTα/β, cooperate with canalicular transporters in the transcellular vectorial flux of BA/BS from the sinusoids to the bile. The blockage of canalicular transporters not only impairs the bile flow but also causes the intracellular accumulation of BA/BS in hepatocytes that contributes to, or even triggers, liver injury. In the case of BA/BS overload, the efflux of these toxic substances back to the blood via MRP3, MRP4, and OST α/β is considered a relief function. FXR, a key regulator of defense against BA/BS toxicity suppresses de novo bile acid synthesis and bile acid uptake, and promotes bile acid removal via increased efflux. In drug development, the early testing of the inhibition of these transporters, BSEP in particular, is important to flag compounds that could potentially inflict drug-induced liver injury (DILI). In vitro test systems for efflux transporters employ membrane vesicles, whereas those for influx transporters employ whole cells. Additional in vitro pharmaceutical testing panels usually include cellular toxicity tests using hepatocytes, as well as assessments of the mitochondrial toxicity and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Primary hepatocytes are the cells of choice for toxicity testing, with HepaRG cells emerging as an alternative. Inhibition of the FXR function is also included in some testing panels. The molecular weight and hydrophobicity of the drug, as well as the steady-state total plasma levels, may positively correlate with the DILI potential. Depending on the phase of drug development, the physicochemical properties, dosing, and cut-off values of BSEP IC50 ≤ 25-50 µM or total Css,plasma/BSEP IC50 ≥ 0.1 may be an indication for further testing to minimize the risk of DILI liability.
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Hernández-Flores TDJ, Pedraza-Brindis EJ, Cárdenas-Bedoya J, Ruíz-Carrillo JD, Méndez-Clemente AS, Martínez-Guzmán MA, Iñiguez-Gutiérrez L. Role of Micronutrients and Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in COVID-19 Recovery. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12324. [PMID: 36293182 PMCID: PMC9604189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A balanced and varied diet provides diverse beneficial effects on health, such as adequate micronutrient availability and a gut microbiome in homeostasis. Besides their participation in biochemical processes as cofactors and coenzymes, vitamins and minerals have an immunoregulatory function; meanwhile, gut microbiota and its metabolites coordinate directly and indirectly the cell response through the interaction with the host receptors. Malnourishment is a crucial risk factor for several pathologies, and its involvement during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic has been reported. This pandemic has caused a significant decline in the worldwide population, especially those with chronic diseases, reduced physical activity, and elder age. Diet and gut microbiota composition are probable causes for this susceptibility, and its supplementation can play a role in reestablishing microbial homeostasis and improving immunity response against Coronavirus Disease 2019 infection and recovery. This study reviews the role of micronutrients and microbiomes in the risk of infection, the severity of disease, and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresita de Jesús Hernández-Flores
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigación de Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Eliza Julia Pedraza-Brindis
- Departamento de Aparatos y Sistemas I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44670, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jhonathan Cárdenas-Bedoya
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias y Retrovirus Humanos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Daniel Ruíz-Carrillo
- Clínica Medicina Familiar 1 del ISSSTE “Dr. Arturo González Guzmán”, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Anibal Samael Méndez-Clemente
- Instituto de Investigación de Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Marco Alonso Martínez-Guzmán
- Departamento de Aparatos y Sistemas I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44670, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Liliana Iñiguez-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Investigación de Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico
- Departamento de Aparatos y Sistemas I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44670, Jalisco, Mexico
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Murphy WA, Beaudoin JJ, Laitinen T, Sjöstedt N, Malinen MM, Ho H, Swaan PW, Honkakoski P, Brouwer KLR. Identification of Key Amino Acids that Impact Organic Solute Transporter α/ β (OSTα/β). Mol Pharmacol 2021; 100:599-608. [PMID: 34599072 PMCID: PMC9132218 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic solute transporter α/β (OSTα/β) is a bidirectional bile acid transporter localized on the basolateral membrane of hepatic, intestinal, and renal epithelial cells. OSTα/β plays a critical role in intestinal bile acid reabsorption and is upregulated in hepatic diseases characterized by elevated bile acids, whereas genetic variants in SLC51A/B have been associated with clinical cholestasis. OSTα/β also transports and is inhibited by commonly used medications. However, there is currently no high-resolution structure of OSTα/β, and structure-function data for OSTα, the proposed substrate-binding subunit, are lacking. The present study addressed this knowledge gap and identified amino acids in OSTα that are important for bile acid transport. This was accomplished using computational modeling and site-directed mutagenesis of the OSTα subunit to generate OSTα/β mutant cell lines. Out of the 10 OSTα/β mutants investigated, four (S228K, T229S, Q269E, Q269K) exhibited decreased [3H]-taurocholate (TCA) uptake (ratio of geometric means relative to OSTα/β wild type (WT) of 0.76, 0.75, 0.79, and 0.13, respectively). Three OSTα/β mutants (S228K, Q269K, E305A) had reduced [3H]-TCA efflux % (ratio of geometric means relative to OSTα/β WT of 0.86, 0.65, and 0.79, respectively). Additionally, several OSTα/β mutants demonstrated altered expression and cellular localization when compared with OSTα/β WT. In summary, we identified OSTα residues (Ser228, Thr229, Gln269, Glu305) in predicted transmembrane domains that affect expression of OSTα/β and may influence OSTα/β-mediated bile acid transport. These data advance our understanding of OSTα/β structure/function and can inform future studies designed to gain further insight into OSTα/β structure or to identify additional OSTα/β substrates and inhibitors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: OSTα/β is a clinically important transporter involved in enterohepatic bile acid recycling with currently no high-resolution protein structure and limited structure-function data. This study identified four OSTα amino acids (Ser228, Thr229, Gln269, Glu305) that affect expression of OSTα/β and may influence OSTα/β-mediated bile acid transport. These data can be utilized to inform future investigation of OSTα/β structure and refine molecular modeling approaches to facilitate the identification of substrates and/or inhibitors of OSTα/β.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Murphy
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (W.A.M., J.J.B., N.S., M.M.M., H.H., P.H., K.L.R.B.); School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (T.L., M.M.M., P.H.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (P.W.S.)
| | - James J Beaudoin
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (W.A.M., J.J.B., N.S., M.M.M., H.H., P.H., K.L.R.B.); School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (T.L., M.M.M., P.H.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (P.W.S.)
| | - Tuomo Laitinen
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (W.A.M., J.J.B., N.S., M.M.M., H.H., P.H., K.L.R.B.); School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (T.L., M.M.M., P.H.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (P.W.S.)
| | - Noora Sjöstedt
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (W.A.M., J.J.B., N.S., M.M.M., H.H., P.H., K.L.R.B.); School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (T.L., M.M.M., P.H.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (P.W.S.)
| | - Melina M Malinen
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (W.A.M., J.J.B., N.S., M.M.M., H.H., P.H., K.L.R.B.); School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (T.L., M.M.M., P.H.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (P.W.S.)
| | - Henry Ho
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (W.A.M., J.J.B., N.S., M.M.M., H.H., P.H., K.L.R.B.); School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (T.L., M.M.M., P.H.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (P.W.S.)
| | - Peter W Swaan
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (W.A.M., J.J.B., N.S., M.M.M., H.H., P.H., K.L.R.B.); School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (T.L., M.M.M., P.H.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (P.W.S.)
| | - Paavo Honkakoski
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (W.A.M., J.J.B., N.S., M.M.M., H.H., P.H., K.L.R.B.); School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (T.L., M.M.M., P.H.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (P.W.S.)
| | - Kim L R Brouwer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (W.A.M., J.J.B., N.S., M.M.M., H.H., P.H., K.L.R.B.); School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (T.L., M.M.M., P.H.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (P.W.S.)
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5
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Zu Y, Yang J, Zhang C, Liu D. The Pathological Mechanisms of Estrogen-Induced Cholestasis: Current Perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:761255. [PMID: 34819862 PMCID: PMC8606790 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.761255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens are steroid hormones with a wide range of biological activities. The excess of estrogens can lead to decreased bile flow, toxic bile acid (BA) accumulation, subsequently causing intrahepatic cholestasis. Estrogen-induced cholestasis (EIC) may have increased incidence during pregnancy, and within women taking oral contraception and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy, and result in liver injury, preterm birth, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and intrauterine fetal death in pregnant women. The main pathogenic mechanisms of EIC may include deregulation of BA synthetic or metabolic enzymes, and BA transporters. In addition, impaired cell membrane fluidity, inflammatory responses and change of hepatocyte tight junctions are also involved in the pathogenesis of EIC. In this article, we review the role of estrogens in intrahepatic cholestasis, and outlined the mechanisms of EIC, providing a greater understanding of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinyu Yang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengliang Zhang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Chothe PP, Pemberton R, Hariparsad N. Function and Expression of Bile Salt Export Pump in Suspension Human Hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:314-321. [PMID: 33472814 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic understanding of bile salt disposition is not well established in suspension human hepatocytes (SHH) because of the limited information on the expression and function of bile salt export protein (BSEP) in this system. We investigated the transport function of BSEP in SHH using a method involving in situ biosynthesis of bile salts from their precursor bile acids, cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA). Our data indicated that glycine- and taurine-conjugated CA and CDCA were generated efficiently and transported out of hepatocytes in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. We also observed that the membrane protein abundance of BSEP was similar between SHH and sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes. Furthermore, known cholestatic agents significantly inhibited G-CA and G-CDCA efflux in SHH. Interestingly, cyclosporine A, troglitazone, itraconazole, loratadine, and lovastatin inhibited G-CA efflux more potently than G-CDCA efflux (3- to 5-fold). Because of these significant differential effects on G-CA and G-CDCA efflux inhibition, we determined the IC50 values of troglitazone for G-CA (9.9 µM) and for G-CDCA (43.1 µM) efflux. The observed discrepancy in the IC50 was attributed to the fact that troglitazone also inhibits organic anion transporting polypeptides and Na+/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide in addition to BSEP. The hepatocyte uptake study suggested that both active uptake and passive diffusion contribute to the liver uptake of CA, whereas CDCA primarily undergoes passive diffusion into the liver. In summary, these data demonstrated the expression and function of BSEP and its major role in transport of bile salts in cryopreserved SHH. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: BSEP transport function and protein abundance was evident in SHH in the present study. The membrane abundance of BSEP protein was similar between SHH and sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes. The study also illustrated the major role of BSEP relative to basolateral MRP3 and MRP4 in transport of bile salts in SHH. Understanding of BSEP function in SHH may bolster the utility of this platform in mechanistic understanding of bile salt disposition and potentially in the assessment of drugs for BSEP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh P Chothe
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel Pemberton
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Niresh Hariparsad
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Boston, Massachusetts
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Yoshikado T, Lee W, Toshimoto K, Morita K, Kiriake A, Chu X, Lee N, Kimoto E, Varma MVS, Kikuchi R, Scialis RJ, Shen H, Ishiguro N, Lotz R, Li AP, Maeda K, Kusuhara H, Sugiyama Y. Evaluation of Hepatic Uptake of OATP1B Substrates by Short Term-Cultured Plated Human Hepatocytes: Comparison With Isolated Suspended Hepatocytes. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:376-387. [PMID: 33122051 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic uptake clearance has been measured in suspended human hepatocytes (SHH). Plated human hepatocytes (PHH) after short-term culturing are increasingly employed to study hepatic transport driven mainly by its higher throughput. To know pros/cons of both systems, the hepatic uptake clearances of several organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B substrates were compared between PHH and SHH by determining the initial uptake velocities or through dynamic model-based analyses. For cerivastatin, pitavastatin and rosuvastatin, initial uptake clearances (PSinf) obtained using PHH were comparable to those using SHH, while cell-to-medium concentration (C/M) ratios were 2.7- to 5.4-fold higher. For pravastatin and dehydropravastatin, hydrophilic compounds with low uptake/cellular binding, their PSinf and C/M ratio in PHH were 1.8- to 3.2-fold lower than those in SHH. These hydrophilic substrates are more prone to wash-off during the uptake study using PHH, which may explain the apparently lower uptake than SHH. The C/M ratios obtained using PHH were stable over an extended time, making PHH suitable to estimate the C/M ratios and hepatocyte-to-medium unbound concentration ratios (Kp,uu). In conclusion, PHH is useful in evaluating hepatic uptake/efflux clearances and Kp,uu of OATP1B substrates in a high-throughput manner, however, a caution is warranted for hydrophilic drugs with low uptake/cellular binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yoshikado
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wooin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kota Toshimoto
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoe Morita
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Aya Kiriake
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Nora Lee
- Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Seoul, Korea
| | - Emi Kimoto
- ADME Sciences, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Manthena V S Varma
- ADME Sciences, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Hong Shen
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Naoki Ishiguro
- Pharmacokinetics and Non-Clinical Safety Department, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ralf Lotz
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Albert P Li
- In Vitro ADMET Laboratories Inc, Columbia, MA, USA
| | - Kazuya Maeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sugiyama
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
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8
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Bezençon J, Saran C, Hussner J, Beaudoin JJ, Zhang Y, Shen H, Fallon JK, Smith PC, Meyer Zu Schwabedissen HE, Brouwer KLR. Endogenous Coproporphyrin I and III are Altered in Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2-Deficient (TR -) Rats. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:404-411. [PMID: 33058892 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have focused on coproporphyrin (CP)-I and CP-III (CPs) as endogenous biomarkers for organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs). Previous data showed that CPs are also substrates of multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP/Mrp) 2 and 3. This study was designed to examine the impact of loss of Mrp2 function on the routes of excretion of endogenous CPs in wild-type (WT) Wistar compared to Mrp2-deficient TR- rats. To exclude possible confounding effects of rat Oatps, the transport of CPs was investigated in Oatp-overexpressing HeLa cells. Results indicated that CPs are substrates of rodent Oatp1b2, and that CP-III is a substrate of Oatp2b1. Quantitative targeted absolute proteomic (QTAP) analysis revealed no differences in Oatps, but an expected significant increase in Mrp3 protein levels in TR- compared to WT rat livers. CP-I and CP-III concentrations measured by LC-MS/MS were elevated in TR- compared to WT rat liver, while CP-I and CP-III estimated biliary clearance was decreased 75- and 840-fold in TR- compared to WT rats, respectively. CP-III concentrations were decreased 14-fold in the feces of TR- compared to WT rats, but differences in CP-I were not significant. In summary, the disposition of CPs was markedly altered by loss of Mrp2 and increased Mrp3 function as measured in TR- rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Bezençon
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chitra Saran
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pharmacology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Janine Hussner
- Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - James J Beaudoin
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yueping Zhang
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - John K Fallon
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Philip C Smith
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Kim L R Brouwer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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