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Sisto R, Cerini L, Sanjust F, Carbonari D, Gherardi M, Gordiani A, L'Episcopo N, Paci E, Pigini D, Tranfo G, Moleti A. Distortion product otoacoustic emission sensitivity to different solvents in a population of industrial painters. Int J Audiol 2020; 59:443-454. [PMID: 31910691 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2019.1710776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the ototoxic effect of the exposure to different organic solvents and noise using distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs).Design: The exposure to different solvents was evaluated by measuring, before and at the end of the work-shift, the urinary concentrations of solvent metabolites used as dose biomarkers. The urinary concentrations of DNA and RNA oxidation products were also measured as biomarkers of oxidative damage. The simultaneous exposure to noise was also evaluated. DPOAEs and pure tone audiometry (PTA) were used as outcome variables, and were correlated to the exposure variables using mixed effect linear regression models.Study sample: Seventeen industrial painters exposed to a solvent mixture in a naval industry. A sample size of 15 was estimated from previous studies as sufficient for discriminating small hearing level and DPOAE level differences (5 dB and 2 dB, respectively) at a 95% confidence level.Results: Statistically significant associations were found between the DPOAE level and the urinary dose biomarkers and the oxidative damage biomarkers. DPOAE level and the logarithm of the metabolite concentration showed a significant negative correlation.Conclusions: DPOAE are sensitive biomarkers of exposure to ototoxic substances and can be effectively used for the early detection of hearing dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Sisto
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL Research, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
| | - Luigi Cerini
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL Research, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
| | - Filippo Sanjust
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL Research, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
| | - Damiano Carbonari
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL Research, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
| | - Monica Gherardi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL Research, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
| | - Andrea Gordiani
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL Research, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
| | - Nunziata L'Episcopo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL Research, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
| | - Enrico Paci
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL Research, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
| | - Daniela Pigini
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL Research, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
| | - Giovanna Tranfo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL Research, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
| | - Arturo Moleti
- Department of Physics, University of Roma 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
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Trevino M, Lobarinas E, Maulden AC, Heinz MG. The chinchilla animal model for hearing science and noise-induced hearing loss. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 146:3710. [PMID: 31795699 PMCID: PMC6881193 DOI: 10.1121/1.5132950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The chinchilla animal model for noise-induced hearing loss has an extensive history spanning more than 50 years. Many behavioral, anatomical, and physiological characteristics of the chinchilla make it a valuable animal model for hearing science. These include similarities with human hearing frequency and intensity sensitivity, the ability to be trained behaviorally with acoustic stimuli relevant to human hearing, a docile nature that allows many physiological measures to be made in an awake state, physiological robustness that allows for data to be collected from all levels of the auditory system, and the ability to model various types of conductive and sensorineural hearing losses that mimic pathologies observed in humans. Given these attributes, chinchillas have been used repeatedly to study anatomical, physiological, and behavioral effects of continuous and impulse noise exposures that produce either temporary or permanent threshold shifts. Based on the mechanistic insights from noise-exposure studies, chinchillas have also been used in pre-clinical drug studies for the prevention and rescue of noise-induced hearing loss. This review paper highlights the role of the chinchilla model in hearing science, its important contributions, and its advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Trevino
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Callier Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1966 Inwood Road, Dallas, Texas 75235, USA
| | - Edward Lobarinas
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Callier Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1966 Inwood Road, Dallas, Texas 75235, USA
| | - Amanda C Maulden
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, 715 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Michael G Heinz
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 715 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Escabi CD, Frye MD, Trevino M, Lobarinas E. The rat animal model for noise-induced hearing loss. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 146:3692. [PMID: 31795685 PMCID: PMC7480078 DOI: 10.1121/1.5132553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rats make excellent models for the study of medical, biological, genetic, and behavioral phenomena given their adaptability, robustness, survivability, and intelligence. The rat's general anatomy and physiology of the auditory system is similar to that observed in humans, and this has led to their use for investigating the effect of noise overexposure on the mammalian auditory system. The current paper provides a review of the rat model for studying noise-induced hearing loss and highlights advancements that have been made using the rat, particularly as these pertain to noise dose and the hazardous effects of different experimental noise types. In addition to the traditional loss of auditory function following acoustic trauma, recent findings have indicated the rat as a useful model in observing alterations in neuronal processing within the central nervous system following noise injury. Furthermore, the rat provides a second animal model when investigating noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy, as studies examining this in the rat model resemble the general patterns observed in mice. Together, these findings demonstrate the relevance of this animal model for furthering the authors' understanding of the effects of noise on structural, anatomical, physiological, and perceptual aspects of hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia D Escabi
- Callier Center for Communication Disorders, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Mitchell D Frye
- Callier Center for Communication Disorders, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Monica Trevino
- Callier Center for Communication Disorders, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Edward Lobarinas
- Callier Center for Communication Disorders, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75080, USA
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Wathier L, Venet T, Bonfanti E, Nunge H, Cosnier F, Parietti-Winkler C, Campo P, Pouyatos B. Measuring the middle-ear reflex: A quantitative method to assess effects of industrial solvents on central auditory pathways. Neurotoxicology 2019; 74:58-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wathier L, Venet T, Thomas A, Nunge H, Bonfanti E, Cosnier F, Parietti-Winkler C, Campo P, Tsan P, Bouguet-Bonnet S, Gansmüller A. Membrane fluidity does not explain how solvents act on the middle-ear reflex. Neurotoxicology 2016; 57:13-21. [PMID: 27565678 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Some volatile aromatic solvents have similar or opposite effects to anesthetics in the central nervous system. Like for anesthetics, the mechanisms of action involved are currently the subject of debate. This paper presents an in vivo study to determine whether direct binding or effects on membrane fluidity best explain how solvents counterbalance anesthesia's depression of the middle-ear reflex (MER). Rats were anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine and xylazine while also exposed to solvent vapors (toluene, ethylbenzene, or one of the three xylene isomers) and the amplitude of their MER was monitored. The depth of anesthesia was standardized based on the magnitude of the contraction of the muscles involved in the MER, determined by measuring cubic distortion product oto-acoustic emissions (DPOAEs) while triggering the bilateral reflex with contralateral acoustic stimulation. The effects of the aromatic solvents were quantified based on variations in the amplitude of the DPOAEs. The amplitude of the alteration to the MER measured in anesthetized rats did not correlate with solvent lipophilocity (as indicated by logKow values). Results obtained with the three xylene isomers indicated that the positions of two methyl groups around the benzene ring played a determinant role in solvent/neuronal cell interaction. Additionally, Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra for brain microsomes confirmed that brain lipid fluidity was unaffected by solvent exposure, even after three days (6h/day) at an extremely high concentration (3000ppm). Therefore, aromatic solvents appear to act directly on the neuroreceptors involved in the acoustic reflex circuit, rather than on membrane fluidity. The affinity of this interaction is determined by stereospecific parameters rather than lipophilocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Wathier
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Rue du Morvan, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Thomas Venet
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Rue du Morvan, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Aurélie Thomas
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Rue du Morvan, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Hervé Nunge
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Rue du Morvan, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Elodie Bonfanti
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Rue du Morvan, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Frédéric Cosnier
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Rue du Morvan, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | | | - Pierre Campo
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Rue du Morvan, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.
| | - Pascale Tsan
- Université de Lorraine, CRM2, UMR 7036, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, F-54506, France; CNRS, CRM2, UMR 7036, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, F-54506, France
| | - Sabine Bouguet-Bonnet
- Université de Lorraine, CRM2, UMR 7036, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, F-54506, France; CNRS, CRM2, UMR 7036, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, F-54506, France
| | - Axel Gansmüller
- Université de Lorraine, CRM2, UMR 7036, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, F-54506, France; CNRS, CRM2, UMR 7036, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, F-54506, France
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Epoxy adhesives contain organic solvents and are widely used in industry. The hazardous effects of epoxy adhesives remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the risk of hearing loss among workers exposed to epoxy adhesives and noise. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS For this cross-sectional study, we recruited 182 stone workers who were exposed to both epoxy adhesives and noise, 89 stone workers who were exposed to noise only, and 43 workers from the administrative staff who had not been exposed to adhesives or noise. We obtained demographic data, occupational history and medical history through face-to-face interviews and arranged physical examinations and pure-tone audiometric tests. We also conducted walk-through surveys in the stone industry. A total of 40 representative noise assessments were conducted in 15 workplaces. Air sampling was conducted at 40 workplaces, and volatile organic compounds were analysed using the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) TO-15 method. RESULTS The mean sound pressure level was 87.7 dBA (SD 9.9). The prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss was considerably increased in the stone workers exposed to epoxy adhesives (42%) compared with the stone workers who were not exposed to epoxy adhesives (21%) and the administrative staff group (9.3%). A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that exposure to epoxy adhesives significantly increased the risk of hearing loss between 2 and 6 kHz after adjusting for age. Significant interactions between epoxy adhesives and noise and hearing impairment were observed at 3, 4 and 6 kHz. CONCLUSIONS Epoxy adhesives exacerbate hearing impairment in noisy environments, with the main impacts occurring in the middle and high frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Yu Yang
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Hao Shie
- Green Energy & Environmental Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
The main hazard for hearing in the workplace is noise. Organic solvents and heavy metals may increase the danger of developing occupational hearing loss, particularly in the case of co-exposure with noise. While noise produces damage predominantly to the cochlea, chemicals may be responsible for pathologic changes in both peripheral and central parts of the auditory pathway. Noise-induced hearing loss develops slowly over the years, although its progression is most dynamic during the first 10-15 years of exposure. Pure-tone audiometry indicates a bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, affecting predominantly high frequencies, with typical notch at 3-6 kHz in the early stages of the disease. Where there is co-exposure to noise and chemicals, the noise effect on hearing threshold shifts is dominant; however chemicals seem to increase the vulnerability of the cochlea to the damage by noise, particularly at its low and moderate levels. According to European Directive 2003/10/EC, the employer is obliged to implement hearing prevention programs when the A-weighted equivalent 8-hour level of noise (LAEX8 hr) exceeds 80 dB. Since chemicals may impair intelligibility of speech despite a lack of audiometric hearing threshold shift, implementation of speech audiometry, particularly speech in noise tests, is recommended in prevention programs.
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