1
|
Nobutoki T. Vitamin D in tuberous sclerosis complex-associated tumors. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1392380. [PMID: 38846332 PMCID: PMC11153746 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1392380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi) have been used to treat pediatric tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)-associated tumors, particularly in cases with contraindications to surgery or difficulties in complete tumor resection. However, some patients experience side effects and tumor regression after discontinuation of the treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop drugs that can be used in combination with mTORi to increase their efficacy and minimize their side effects. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D), which has anticancer properties, may be a promising candidate for adjuvant or alternative therapy because TSC and cancer cells share common mechanisms, including angiogenesis, cell growth, and proliferation. Vitamin D receptor-mediated signaling can be epigenetically modified and plays an important role in susceptibility to 1,25-D. Therefore, vitamin D signaling may be a promising drug target, and in vitro studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of 1,25-D in TSC-associated tumors, brain development, and core symptoms of psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Nobutoki
- Department of Pediatrics, Social Welfare Aiseikai, Suihoen, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun L, Morikawa K, Sogo Y, Sugiura Y. MHY1485 enhances X-irradiation-induced apoptosis and senescence in tumor cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:782-792. [PMID: 34265852 PMCID: PMC8438247 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a sensor of nutrient status and plays an important role in cell growth and metabolism. Although inhibition of mTOR signaling promotes tumor cell death and several mTOR inhibitors have been used clinically, recent reports have shown that co-treatment with MHY1485, an mTOR activator, enhances the anti-cancer effects of anti-PD-1 antibody and 5-fluorouracil. However, it remains unclear whether MHY1485 treatment alters the effects of radiation on tumor cells. In this study, the radiosensitizing effects of MHY1485 were investigated using murine CT26 and LLC cell lines. We examined mTOR signaling, tumor cell growth, colony formation, apoptosis, senescence, oxidative stress, p21 accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress levels in cells treated with MHY1485 and radiation, either alone or together. We found that MHY1485 treatment inhibited growth and colony formation in both cell lines under irradiation and no-irradiation conditions, results that were not fully consistent with MHY1485's known role in activating mTOR signaling. Furthermore, we found that combined treatment with MHY1485 and radiation significantly increased apoptosis and senescence in tumor cells in association with oxidative stress, ER stress and p21 stabilization, compared to radiation treatment alone. Our results suggested that MHY1485 enhances the radiosensitivity of tumor cells by a mechanism that may differ from MHY1485's role in mTOR activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lue Sun
- Corresponding author. Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan. Tel: +81-29-849-1564; Fax: +81-29-861-6149; E-mail:
| | - Kumi Morikawa
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yu Sogo
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14, Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0895, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Y, Cao Y, Wang J, Fu S, Cheng J, Ma L, Zhang Q, Guo W, Kan X, Liu J. Kp-10 promotes bovine mammary epithelial cell proliferation by activating GPR54 and its downstream signaling pathways. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4481-4493. [PMID: 31621904 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that the proliferation and apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells affect milk production. Therefore, ensuring adequate mammary epithelial cells is expected to enhance milk production. This study is devoted to studying the effects of kisspeptin-10 (Kp-10), a peptide hormone composed of 10 amino acids, on bovine mammary epithelial cell (bMEC) proliferation and exploring the underlying mechanism of its action. bMECs were treated with various concentrations of Kp-10 (1, 10, 100, and 1,000 nM), and 100 nM Kp-10 promoted the proliferation of the bMECs. Kp-10 promoted the cell cycle transition from G1 to the S and G2 phases, increased the protein levels of Cyclin D1 and Cyclin D3, and reduced the expression levels of the p21 gene. This study also showed that inhibition of G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54), AKT, mTOR, and ERK1/2 reduced the proliferation of the bMECs that had been induced by Kp-10. In addition, Kp-10 decreased the complexes formed by Rb and E2F1 and increased the expression levels of the E2F1 target genes. These results indicate that Kp-10 promotes bMEC proliferation by activating GPR54 and its downstream signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Li
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shoupeng Fu
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ji Cheng
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lijun Ma
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wenjin Guo
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xingchi Kan
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Juxiong Liu
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen G, Ding XF, Bouamar H, Pressley K, Sun LZ. Everolimus induces G 1 cell cycle arrest through autophagy-mediated protein degradation of cyclin D1 in breast cancer cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C244-C252. [PMID: 31116586 PMCID: PMC6732424 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00390.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Everolimus inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and is known to cause induction of autophagy and G1 cell cycle arrest. However, it remains unknown whether everolimus-induced autophagy plays a critical role in its regulation of the cell cycle. We, for the first time, suggested that everolimus could stimulate autophagy-mediated cyclin D1 degradation in breast cancer cells. Everolimus-induced cyclin D1 degradation through the autophagy pathway was investigated in MCF-10DCIS.COM and MCF-7 cell lines upon autophagy inhibitor treatment using Western blot assay. Everolimus-stimulated autophagy and decrease in cyclin D1 were also tested in explant human breast tissue. Inhibiting mTORC1 with everolimus rapidly increased cyclin D1 degradation, whereas 3-methyladenine, chloroquine, and bafilomycin A1, the classic autophagy inhibitors, could attenuate everolimus-induced cyclin D1 degradation. Similarly, knockdown of autophagy-related 7 (Atg-7) also repressed everolimus-triggered cyclin D1 degradation. In addition, everolimus-induced autophagy occurred earlier than everolimus-induced G1 arrest, and blockade of autophagy attenuated everolimus-induced G1 arrest. We also found that everolimus stimulated autophagy and decreased cyclin D1 levels in explant human breast tissue. These data support the conclusion that the autophagy induced by everolimus in human mammary epithelial cells appears to cause cyclin D1 degradation resulting in G1 cell cycle arrest. Our findings contribute to our knowledge of the interplay between autophagy and cell cycle regulation mediated by mTORC1 signaling and cyclin D1 regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Chen
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Ding
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Hakim Bouamar
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Kyle Pressley
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Lu-Zhe Sun
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gu L, Xie C, Peng Q, Zhang J, Li J, Tang Z. Arecoline suppresses epithelial cell viability through the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway via upregulation of PHLPP2. Toxicology 2019; 419:32-39. [PMID: 30910432 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arecoline, the major active ingredient of the betel nut, is involved in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanism of this pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we found that arecoline suppresses the cell proliferation of the HaCaT epithelial cell and induces cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase with an IC50 of 50 μg/mL. Furthermore, we found that arecoline reduces the protein level of cyclin D1, but it has no effect on its mRNA level and protein stability, implying that arecoline may modulate the translation of cyclin D1. We also observed the downregulation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway after treatment with arecoline, which may be related to the translation of cyclin D1. RNA-seq analysis identified that PHLPP2, the direct upstream target of Akt, is significantly upregulated after arecoline treatment. siRNA-mediated knockdown of PHLPP2 recovered the phosphorylation state of Akt, as well as attenuated the effect of arecoline on cell viability. Thus, our study revealed the crucial role of PHLPP2 in arecoline-induced cell viability suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Gu
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Changqing Xie
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Peng
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jiada Li
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Day TA, Shirai K, O'Brien PE, Matheus MG, Godwin K, Sood AJ, Kompelli A, Vick JA, Martin D, Vitale-Cross L, Callejas-Varela JL, Wang Z, Wu X, Harismendy O, Molinolo AA, Lippman SM, Van Waes C, Szabo E, Gutkind JS. Inhibition of mTOR Signaling and Clinical Activity of Rapamycin in Head and Neck Cancer in a Window of Opportunity Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:1156-1164. [PMID: 30420444 PMCID: PMC6377824 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We studied the impact of mTOR signaling inhibition with rapamycin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in the neoadjuvant setting. The goals were to evaluate the mTOR pathway as a therapeutic target for patients with advanced HNSCC, and the clinical safety, antitumor, and molecular activity of rapamycin administration on HNSCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with untreated stage II-IVA HNSCC received rapamycin for 21 days (day 1, 15 mg; days 2-12, 5 mg) prior to definitive treatment with surgery or chemoradiation. Treatment responses were assessed clinically and radiographically with CT and FDG-PET. Pre- and posttreatment biopsies and blood were obtained for toxicity, immune monitoring, and IHC assessment of mTOR signaling, as well as exome sequencing. RESULTS Sixteen patients (eight oral cavity, eight oropharyngeal) completed rapamycin and definitive treatment. Half of patients were p16 positive. One patient had a pathologic complete response and four (25%) patients met RECIST criteria for response (1 CR, 3 PR, 12 SD). Treatment was well tolerated with no grade 4 or unexpected toxicities. No significant immune suppression was observed. Downstream mTOR signaling was downregulated in tumor tissues as measured by phosphorylation of S6 (P < 0.0001), AKT (P < 0.0001), and 4EBP (P = 0.0361), with a significant compensatory increase in phosphorylated ERK in most patients (P < 0.001). Ki67 was reduced in tumor biopsies in all patients (P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS Rapamycin treatment was well tolerated, reduced mTOR signaling and tumor growth, and resulted in significant clinical responses despite the brief treatment duration, thus supporting the potential role of mTOR inhibitors in treatment regimens for HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry A Day
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Keisuke Shirai
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Paul E O'Brien
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - Kristina Godwin
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Amit J Sood
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Anvesh Kompelli
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - Daniel Martin
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda
| | - Lynn Vitale-Cross
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda
| | | | - Zhiyong Wang
- University of California San Diego (UCSD) Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, California
| | - Xingyu Wu
- University of California San Diego (UCSD) Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, California
| | - Olivier Harismendy
- University of California San Diego (UCSD) Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, California
| | - Alfredo A Molinolo
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda
- University of California San Diego (UCSD) Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, California
| | - Scott M Lippman
- University of California San Diego (UCSD) Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, California
| | - Carter Van Waes
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eva Szabo
- National Cancer Institute, Potomac, Maryland
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda.
- University of California San Diego (UCSD) Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, California
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang A, Hirose T, Ohsaki Y, Takahashi C, Sato E, Oba-Yabana I, Kinugasa S, Muroya Y, Ito S, Mori T. Hydrochlorothiazide ameliorates polyuria caused by tolvaptan treatment of polycystic kidney disease in PCK rats. Clin Exp Nephrol 2018; 23:455-464. [PMID: 30426292 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-018-1669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tolvaptan is an effective treatment for polycystic kidney disease (PKD), but also causes unfortunate polyuria. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) has been shown to reduce urine volume in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, raising the possibility that HCTZ could also be effective in reducing tolvaptan-induced polyuria. In this study, we examined the combined administration of HCTZ and tolvaptan. METHODS Male PCK rats were divided into four groups of normal chow (Cont), normal chow plus tolvaptan, gavage HCTZ treatment, and tolvaptan + HCTZ. Biochemical examinations of the plasma and urine were performed as well as histological and molecular (mRNA and protein expression) analyses. RESULTS Groups treated with tolvaptan had significantly higher 24 h urine excretion, which was significantly reduced in the tolvaptan + HCTZ group after 2 weeks. Cyst size, pERK protein expression, and Cyclin D1 mRNA expression were all significantly reduced in both the tolvaptan and tolvaptan + HCTZ groups, indicating that HCTZ did not affect the beneficial functions of tolvaptan. Notably, aquaporin 2 redistribution from the apical to intracellular domains was observed in tolvaptan-treated rats and was partially reversed in the tolvaptan + HCTZ group. The renal glomerular filtration rate was reduced in the tolvaptan + HCTZ group. Significantly lowered mRNA expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, prostaglandin E synthase 2 and renin were also found in the medulla, but not in the cortex. CONCLUSION HCTZ reduces tolvaptan-induced polyuria without altering its beneficial effects on PKD. This novel therapeutic combination could potentially lead to better PKD treatments and improved quality of life for the affected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anyi Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takuo Hirose
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1, Fukumuro, Miyagino, Sendai, 983-8536, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohsaki
- Division of Integrated Renal Replacement Therapy, Department of Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Chika Takahashi
- Division of Integrated Renal Replacement Therapy, Department of Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Emiko Sato
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Ikuko Oba-Yabana
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1, Fukumuro, Miyagino, Sendai, 983-8536, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kinugasa
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1, Fukumuro, Miyagino, Sendai, 983-8536, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Muroya
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1, Fukumuro, Miyagino, Sendai, 983-8536, Japan
| | - Sadayoshi Ito
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takefumi Mori
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1, Fukumuro, Miyagino, Sendai, 983-8536, Japan. .,Division of Integrated Renal Replacement Therapy, Department of Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lakiotaki E, Levidou G, Angelopoulou MK, Adamopoulos C, Pangalis G, Rassidakis G, Vassilakopoulos T, Gainaru G, Flevari P, Sachanas S, Saetta AA, Sepsa A, Moschogiannis M, Kalpadakis C, Tsesmetzis N, Milionis V, Chatziandreou I, Thymara I, Panayiotidis P, Dimopoulou M, Plata E, Konstantopoulos K, Patsouris E, Piperi C, Korkolopoulou P. Potential role of AKT/mTOR signalling proteins in hairy cell leukaemia: association with BRAF/ERK activation and clinical outcome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21252. [PMID: 26893254 PMCID: PMC4759548 DOI: 10.1038/srep21252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential role of AKT/mTOR signalling proteins and its association with the Raf-MEK-ERK pathway was investigated in hairy cell leukaemia (HCL). BRAFV600E expression and activated forms of AKT, mTOR, ERK1/2, p70S6k and 4E-BP1 were immunohistochemically assessed in 77 BM biopsies of HCL patients and correlated with clinicopathological and BM microvascular characteristics, as well as with c-Caspase-3 levels in hairy cells. Additionally, we tested rapamycin treatment response of BONNA-12 wild-type cells or transfected with BRAFV600E. Most HCL cases expressed p-p70S6K and p-4E-BP1 but not p-mTOR, being accompanied by p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT. AKT/mTOR activation was evident in BONNA-12 cells irrespective of the presence of BRAFV600E mutation and was implicated in cell proliferation enhancement. In multivariate analysis p-AKT/p-mTOR/p-4E-BP1 overexpression was an adverse prognostic factor for time to next treatment conferring earlier relapse. When p-AKT, p-mTOR and p-4E-BP1 were examined separately only p-4E-BP1 remained significant. Our findings indicate that in HCL, critical proteins up- and downstream of mTOR are activated. Moreover, the strong associations with Raf-MEK-ERK signalling imply a possible biologic interaction between these pathways. Most importantly, expression of p-4E-BP1 alone or combined with p-AKT and p-mTOR is of prognostic value in patients with HCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgia Levidou
- Department of Pathology, University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
| | - Maria K Angelopoulou
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
| | - Christos Adamopoulos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
| | | | - George Rassidakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Athens, Medical School, Greece.,Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Theodoros Vassilakopoulos
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
| | - Gabriella Gainaru
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
| | - Pagona Flevari
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
| | - Sotirios Sachanas
- Department of Haematology, Athens Medical Centre, Psychikon Branch, Greece
| | - Angelica A Saetta
- Department of Pathology, University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
| | - Athanasia Sepsa
- Department of Pathology, University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
| | | | | | - Nikolaos Tsesmetzis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Irene Thymara
- Department of Pathology, University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
| | - Panayiotis Panayiotidis
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
| | - Maria Dimopoulou
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
| | - Eleni Plata
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
| | | | | | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cohen JD, Labenski M, Mastrandrea NJ, Canatsey RD, Monks TJ, Lau SS. Transcriptional and post-translational modifications of B-Raf in quinol-thioether induced tuberous sclerosis renal cell carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:1243-50. [PMID: 26333016 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Increased activity of B-Raf has been identified in approximately 7% of human cancers. Treatment of Eker rats (Tsc-2(EK/+) ), bearing a mutation in one allele of the tuberous sclerosis-2 (Tsc-2) gene, with the nephrocarcinogen 2,3,5-tris-(glutathion-S-yl) hydroquinone (TGHQ) results in loss of the wild-type allele of Tsc-2 in renal preneoplastic lesions and tumors. These tumors have increased protein expression of B-Raf, C-Raf (Raf-1), and increased expression and activity of ERK kinase. Similar changes are observed in Raf kinases following TGHQ-mediated transformation of primary renal epithelial cells derived from Tsc-2(EK/+) rats (QTRRE cells), cells that are also null for tuberin. Herein, we utilized LC-MS/MS to identify constitutive phosphorylation of S345 and S483 in both 100- and 95-kDa forms of B-Raf in QTRRE cells. Using microRotofor liquid-phase isoelectric focusing, we identified four fractions of B-Raf that contain different post-translational modification profiles in QTRRE cells. Amplification of the kinase domain of B-Raf from QTRRE cells, outer-stripe of the outer medulla of 8-month TGHQ- or vehicle-treated Tsc-2(+/+) and Tsc-2(EK/+) rats, as well as tumors excised from 8-month TGHQ-treated Tsc-2(EK/+) rats revealed three splice variants of B-Raf within the kinase domain. These splice variants differed by approximately 340, 544, and 600 bp; confirmed by sequencing. No point mutations within the kinase domain of B-Raf were identified. In addition, B-Raf/Raf-1/14-3-3 complex formation in the QTRRE cells was decreased by sorafenib, with concomitant selective decreases in p-ERK levels. Transcriptional and post-translational characterization of critical kinases, such as B-Raf, may contribute to the progression of tuberous sclerosis RCC. (246/250) © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Cohen
- Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Matthew Labenski
- Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Nicholas J Mastrandrea
- Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ryan D Canatsey
- Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Terrence J Monks
- Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Serrine S Lau
- Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tasioudi KE, Sakellariou S, Levidou G, Theodorou D, Michalopoulos NV, Patsouris E, Korkolopoulou P, Saetta AA. Immunohistochemical and molecular analysis of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in esophageal carcinoma. APMIS 2015; 123:639-47. [PMID: 25912437 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Among the numerous signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis, PI3K-AKT-mTOR is a key one that regulates diverse cellular functions. However, its prognostic value in esophageal carcinoma remains unclear. In our study, we examined the immunohistochemical expression of phosphorylated (p-) AKT, mTOR, p70S6K and 4E-BP1 along with the mutational status of PIK3CA and AKT1 genes by High Resolution Melting Analysis and Pyrosequencing in 44 esophageal carcinomas. The results were correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients in an effort to define their possible prognostic significance. Total p-mTOR cytoplasmic expression, assessed in 10 random areas, was positively correlated with tumor stage (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, I/II vs III/IV, p = 0.0500). Μoreover, maximum p-mTOR cytoplasmic immunoexpression, estimated in hot spot areas, was positively associated with tumor grade (Mann-Whitney U test, I/II vs III, p = 0.0565). Interestingly, p-4E-BP1 immunoreactivity was negatively correlated with tumor histological grade (Mann-Whitney U test, I/II vs III, p = 0.0427). No mutation was observed in exons 9 and 20 of PIK3CA gene and in exon 4 of AKT1 gene. In conclusion, our findings depict the presence of activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in esophageal cancer bringing forward p-mTOR and p-4E-BP1 for their potential role in esophageal carcinogenesis. Additional studies are warranted to validate our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantia E Tasioudi
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Stratigoula Sakellariou
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Levidou
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Theodorou
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippokratio Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos V Michalopoulos
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippokratio Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstratios Patsouris
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Penelope Korkolopoulou
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Angelica A Saetta
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aguilar-Alonso FA, Solano JD, Vargas-Olvera CY, Pacheco-Bernal I, Pariente-Pérez TO, Ibarra-Rubio ME. MAPKs’ status at early stages of renal carcinogenesis and tumors induced by ferric nitrilotriacetate. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 404:161-70. [PMID: 25724684 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
12
|
Hong S, Bi M, Wang L, Kang Z, Ling L, Zhao C. CLC-3 channels in cancer (review). Oncol Rep 2014; 33:507-14. [PMID: 25421907 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are involved in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis (programed cell death). Since increased cellular proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis are characteristic features of tumorigenesis, targeting ion channels is a promising strategy for treating cancer. CLC-3 is a member of the voltage-gated chloride channel superfamily and is expressed in many cancer cells. In the plasma membrane, CLC-3 functions as a chloride channel and is associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis. CLC-3 is also located in intracellular compartments, contributing to their acidity, which increases sequestration of drugs and leads to chemotherapy drug resistance. In this review, we summarize the recent findings concerning the involvement of CLC-3 in cancer and explore its potential in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Hong
- Department of Physiology, The Basic Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Colon and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Kang
- Department of Colon and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Limian Ling
- Department of Colon and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, The Basic Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
El-Habr EA, Levidou G, Trigka EA, Sakalidou J, Piperi C, Chatziandreou I, Spyropoulou A, Soldatos R, Tomara G, Petraki K, Samaras V, Zisakis A, Varsos V, Vrettakos G, Boviatsis E, Patsouris E, Saetta AA, Korkolopoulou P. Complex interactions between the components of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and with components of MAPK, JAK/STAT and Notch-1 pathways, indicate their involvement in meningioma development. Virchows Arch 2014; 465:473-85. [PMID: 25146167 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-014-1641-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the significance of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and its interactions with MAPK, JAK/STAT and Notch pathways in meningioma progression. Paraffin-embedded tissue from 108 meningioma patients was analysed for the presence of mutations in PIK3CA and AKT1. These were correlated with the expression status of components of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, including p85α and p110γ subunits of PI3K, phosphorylated (p)-AKT, p-mTOR, p-p70S6K and p-4E-BP1, as well as of p-ERK1/2, p-STAT3 and Notch-1, clinicopathological data and patient survival. A mutation in PIK3CA or AKT1 was found in around 9 % of the cases. Higher grade meningiomas displayed higher nuclear expression of p-p70S6K; higher nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of p-4E-BP1 and of Notch-1; lower cytoplasmic expression of p85αPI3K, p-p70S6K and p-ERK1/2; and lower PTEN Histo-scores (H-scores). PTEN H-score was inversely correlated with recurrence probability. In univariate survival analysis, nuclear expression of p-4E-BP1 and absence of p-ERK1/2 expression portended adverse prognosis, whereas in multivariate survival analysis, p-ERK1/2 expression emerged as an independent favourable prognostic factor. Treatment of the human meningioma cell line HBL-52 with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 resulted in reduction of p-AKT, p-p70S6K and p-ERK1/2 protein levels. The complex interactions established between components of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, or with components of the MAPK, JAK/STAT and Notch-1 pathways, appear to be essential for facilitating and fuelling meningioma progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias A El-Habr
- First Department of Pathology, Laikon General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, 115 27, Athens, Greece,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Markers of cellular senescence depend in part on the MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) pathway. MTOR participates in geroconversion, a conversion from reversible cell cycle arrest to irreversible senescence. Recently we demonstrated that hyper-induction of cyclin D1 during geroconversion was mostly dependent on MEK, whereas rapamycin only partially inhibited cyclin D1 accumulation. Here we show that, while not affecting cyclin D1, siRNA for p70S6K partially prevented loss of RP (replicative/regenerative potential) during p21-induced cell cycle arrest. Similarly, an inhibitor of p70 S6 kinase (PF-4708671) partially inhibited phosphorylation of S6 and preserved RP, while only marginally prevented cyclin D1 induction. Thus S6K and MEK play different roles in geroconversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Leontieva
- Department of Cell Stress Biology; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo, NY USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
MEK drives cyclin D1 hyperelevation during geroconversion. Cell Death Differ 2013; 20:1241-9. [PMID: 23852369 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
When the cell cycle becomes arrested, MTOR (mechanistic Target of Rapamycin) converts reversible arrest into senescence (geroconversion). Hyperexpression of cyclin D1 is a universal marker of senescence along with hypertrophy, beta-Gal staining and loss of replicative/regenerative potential (RP), namely, the ability to restart proliferation when the cell cycle is released. Inhibition of MTOR decelerates geroconversion, although only partially decreases cyclin D1. Here we show that in p21- and p16-induced senescence, inhibitors of mitogen-activated/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) (U0126, PD184352 and siRNA) completely prevented cyclin D1 accumulation, making it undetectable. We also used MEL10 cells in which MEK inhibitors do not inhibit MTOR. In such cells, U0126 by itself induced senescence that was remarkably cyclin D1 negative. In contrast, inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 by PD0332991 caused cyclin D1-positive senescence in MEL10 cells. Both types of senescence were suppressed by rapamycin, converting it into reversible arrest. We confirmed that the inhibitor of CDK4/6 caused cyclin D1 positive senescence in normal RPE cells, whereas U0126 prevented cyclin D1 expression. Elimination of cyclin D1 by siRNA did not prevent other markers of senescence that are consistent with the lack of its effect on MTOR. Our data confirmed that a mere inhibition of the cell cycle was sufficient to cause senescence, providing MTOR was active, and inhibition of MEK partially inhibited MTOR in a cell-type-dependent manner. Second, hallmarks of senescence may be dissociated, and hyperelevated cyclin D1, a marker of hyperactivation of senescent cells, did not necessarily determine other markers of senescence. Third, inhibition of MEK was sufficient to eliminate cyclin D1, regardless of MTOR.
Collapse
|
16
|
Keipert S, Ost M, Chadt A, Voigt A, Ayala V, Portero-Otin M, Pamplona R, Al-Hasani H, Klaus S. Skeletal muscle uncoupling-induced longevity in mice is linked to increased substrate metabolism and induction of the endogenous antioxidant defense system. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 304:E495-506. [PMID: 23277187 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00518.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in skeletal muscle (SM) mitochondria increases lifespan considerably in high-fat diet-fed UCP1 Tg mice compared with wild types (WT). To clarify the underlying mechanisms, we investigated substrate metabolism as well as oxidative stress damage and antioxidant defense in SM of low-fat- and high-fat-fed mice. Tg mice showed an increased protein expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase, markers of lipid turnover (p-ACC, FAT/CD36), and an increased SM ex vivo fatty acid oxidation. Surprisingly, UCP1 Tg mice showed elevated lipid peroxidative protein modifications with no changes in glycoxidation or direct protein oxidation. This was paralleled by an induction of catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, an increased redox signaling (MAPK signaling pathway), and increased expression of stress-protective heat shock protein 25. We conclude that increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial uncoupling in vivo does not reduce the oxidative stress status in the muscle cell. Moreover, it increases lipid metabolism and reactive lipid-derived carbonyls. This stress induction in turn increases the endogenous antioxidant defense system and redox signaling. Altogether, our data argue for an adaptive role of reactive species as essential signaling molecules for health and longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Keipert
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Historically, cell-signaling pathways have been studied as the compilation of isolated elements into a unique cascade that transmits extracellular stimuli to the tumor cell nucleus. Today, growing evidence supports the fact that intracellular drivers of tumor progression do not flow in a single linear pathway, but disseminate into multiple intracellular pathways. An improved understanding of the complexity of cancer depends on the elucidation of the underlying regulatory networks at the cellular and intercellular levels and in their temporal dimension. The high complexity of the intracellular cascades causes the complete inhibition of the growth of one tumor cell to be very unlikely, except in cases in which the so-called “oncogene addiction” is known to be a clear trigger for tumor catastrophe, such as in the case of gastrointestinal stromal tumors or chronic myeloid leukemia. In other words, the separation and isolation of the driver from the passengers is required to improve accuracy in cancer treatment. This review will summarize the signaling pathway crossroads that govern renal cell carcinoma proliferation and the emerging understanding of how these pathways facilitate tumor escape. We outline the available evidence supporting the putative links between different signaling pathways and how they may influence tumor proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, metabolism and invasiveness. The conclusion is that tumor cells may generate their own crossroads/crosstalk among signaling pathways, thereby reducing their dependence on stimulation of their physiologic pathways.
Collapse
|