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Sharma B, Sethi B, Raj S, Poddar R, Prasad A, Sharma SR. Exploration of molecular interactions between scoparone and associated compounds with Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) leading to gallstone prevention: an in silico investigation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:960-976. [PMID: 37096767 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2198010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Scoparone (6, 7 dimethylesculetin) is a biologically active compound derived from the herb Artemisia capillaris having anti-inflammatory, anti-lipemic, and anti-allergic roles. Activation of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) in primary hepatocytes of both wild-type and humanized CAR mice by scoparone, accelerates bilirubin and cholesterol clearance in vivo. This can prevent gallstones which is a dreaded gastrointestinal disease. To date, surgery is regarded as the gold standard for treating gallstones. The molecular interactions between scoparone and CAR leading to gallstone prevention are not yet explored. In this study, we have analyzed these interactions through an insilico approach. After extracting the CAR structures (mice and human) from the protein databank and 6, 7-dimethylesuletin from PubChem, energy minimization of both the receptors was done to make them stable followed by docking. Next, a simulation was performed to stabilize the docked complexes. Through docking, H-bonds and pi-pi interactions were found in the complexes, which imply a stable interaction, thus activating the CAR. A similarity search for scoparone was performed and the selected compounds were docked with the CAR receptors. Esculentin acetate and scopoletin acetate interacted with human CAR through pi-alkyl and H-bond respectively. While Fraxidin methyl ether, fraxinol methyl ether, and 6, 7 diethoxycoumarin interacted with mice CAR through H-bond and Pi-Pi T-shaped bonds. The selected complexes were simulated further. Our results are in accordance with the hypothesis in the literature. We have also analyzed the drug likeliness, absorption, non-carcinogenicity, and other properties of scoparone which can support further in vivo studies.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Bhavya Sethi
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shashank Raj
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Raju Poddar
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Amit Prasad
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shubha Rani Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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2
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Ni Y, Hu Y, Lou X, Rong N, Liu F, Yang C, Zheng A, Yang S, Bao J, Fu Z. Spermidine Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis through Thyroid Hormone-Responsive Protein Signaling and the Gut Microbiota-Mediated Metabolism of Bile Acids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6478-6492. [PMID: 35583480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spermidine, a natural polyamine and physiological autophagy inducer, is involved in various physiological processes. However, the impact and mechanism of spermidine on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains unclarified. We found that daily spermidine intake was significantly lower in volunteers with liver dysfunction than the healthy controls, and the serum and fecal spermidine levels were negatively correlated with the NASH phenotypes. Spermidine supplementation significantly attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis in NASH mice induced by a western diet. The ameliorating effect of spermidine on lipid accumulation might be partly regulated by thyroid hormone-responsive protein (THRSP) signaling and autophagy. Moreover, spermidine altered the profile of hepatic bile acids (BAs) and microbial composition and function. Furthermore, spermidine reversed the progression of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in mice with preexisting NASH. Therefore, spermidine ameliorates NASH partly through the THRSP signaling and the gut microbiota-mediated metabolism of BAs, suggesting that spermidine might be a viable therapy for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Ni
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Yating Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Xiaoyi Lou
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Nianke Rong
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Congrong Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Aqian Zheng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Song Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Jianfeng Bao
- Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
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Zagoskin PP, Erlykina EI. Bile Acids as a New Type of Steroid Hormones Regulating Nonspecific Energy Expenditure of the Body (Review). Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2021; 12:114-127. [PMID: 34796012 PMCID: PMC8596256 DOI: 10.17691/stm2020.12.5.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The review is devoted to the systematization, classification, and generalization of the results of modern scientific research on the role of bile acids as a new class of steroid hormones. The paper presents the evidence for bile acid participation in the regulation of the body energy metabolism, body weight control, as well as the pathogenesis of obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases. Particular attention is paid to the role of bile acids in the control of nonspecific energy expenditure of the body. The applied aspects of using the novel data about the membrane and intracellular receptors responsible for the development of hormonal regulatory effects of bile acids are analyzed. According to the authors, the modern data on the role of bile acids in the regulation of body functions allow a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of body weight disorders and associated cardiovascular diseases. The review demonstrates promising directions in the search for specific methods of prevention and correction of these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Zagoskin
- Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry named after G.Ya. Gorodisskaya; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - E I Erlykina
- Professor, Head of the Department of Biochemistry named after G.Ya. Gorodisskaya Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
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4
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Choudhuri S, Klaassen CD. MOLECULAR REGULATION OF BILE ACID HOMEOSTASIS. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 50:425-455. [PMID: 34686523 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids have been known for decades to aid in the digestion and absorption of dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the intestine. The development of gene knockout mice models and transgenic humanized mouse models have helped us understand other function of bile acids, such as their role in modulating fat, glucose, and energy metabolism, and in the molecular regulation of the synthesis, transport, and homeostasis of bile acids. The G-protein coupled receptor TGR5 regulates the bile acid induced alterations of intermediary metabolism, while the nuclear receptor FXR regulates bile acid synthesis and homeostasis. However, this review indicates that unidentified factors in addition to FXR must exist to aid in the regulation of bile acid synthesis and homeostasis. Significance Statement This review captures the present understanding of bile acid synthesis, the role of bile acid transporters in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, the role of the nuclear receptor FXR on the regulation of bile acid synthesis and bile acid transporters, and the importance of bile acids in activating GPCR signaling via TGR5 to modify intermediary metabolism. This information is useful for developing drugs for the treatment of various hepatic and intestinal diseases, as well as the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, Univ Washington, United States
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Cai X, Young GM, Xie W. The xenobiotic receptors PXR and CAR in liver physiology, an update. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166101. [PMID: 33600998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) are two nuclear receptors that are well-known for their roles in xenobiotic detoxification by regulating the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. In addition to metabolizing drugs and other xenobiotics, the same enzymes and transporters are also responsible for the production and elimination of numerous endogenous chemicals, or endobiotics. Moreover, both PXR and CAR are highly expressed in the liver. As such, it is conceivable that PXR and CAR have major potentials to affect the pathophysiology of the liver by regulating the homeostasis of endobiotics. In recent years, the physiological functions of PXR and CAR in the liver have been extensively studied. Emerging evidence has suggested the roles of PXR and CAR in energy metabolism, bile acid homeostasis, cell proliferation, to name a few. This review summarizes the recent progress in our understanding of the roles of PXR and CAR in liver physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Cai
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Gregory M Young
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Wen Xie
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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6
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Liu J, Lickteig AJ, Zhang Y, Csanaky IL, Klaassen CD. Activation of Nrf2 decreases bile acid concentrations in livers of female mice. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:605-615. [PMID: 33522359 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1880033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
1. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of oxidative/electrophilic stress. Studies suggest a role of Nrf2 in regulating bile acid (BA) metabolism in male mice. However, whether Nrf2 is important for BA homeostasis in female mice remains undefined. In this study, we systematically investigated the effect of Nrf2 activation, either through CDDO-imidazolide (CDDO-Im) treatment or genetic modulation of Kelch-like ECH associating protein 1 (Keap1), on BA homeostasis in female mice.2. Both pharmacological and genetic Nrf2 activation increased mRNA levels of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 and 3 (Mrp2 and Mrp3), two Nrf2 target genes, in livers and ilea of female mice. Both pharmacological and genetic activation of Nrf2 decreased BA concentrations in the liver, which did not appear to be due to increased biliary BA excretion or decreased ileal BA absorption. Importantly, both pharmacological and genetic activation of Nrf2 downregulated hepatic Cyp7a1 mRNA, which might be attributable to the upregulation of the Fxr-Fgf15 signalling in the ileum.3. To conclude, Nrf2 activation lowers BA concentrations in livers of female mice, which appears to be attributable to the decreased hepatic BA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R.China
| | - Andrew J Lickteig
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Youcai Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R.China
| | - Iván L Csanaky
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Yang G, Yuan X, Jin C, Wang D, Wang Y, Miao W, Jin Y. Imidacloprid disturbed the gut barrier function and interfered with bile acids metabolism in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115290. [PMID: 32798982 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid (IMI) to mammals has recently received increasing attention. However, the effects of IMI on the gut barrier and liver function of male C57BL/6J mice are still unknown. The study showed that exposure to IMI could reduce relative liver weights, change hepatic tissue morphology and induce hepatic oxidative stress. The gut barrier function was greatly impaired by IMI exposure, which might increase the body's susceptibility to harmful substances in the gut. Meanwhile, the synthesis and metabolism of hepatic bile acids (BAs) was also affected by IMI exposure. The levels of serum and hepatic total bile acids (TBAs) decreased; in contrast, the fecal TBA levels increased after exposure to 30 mg/L IMI for 10 weeks. Sequencing of colonic contents revealed that the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and α-diversity index increased and that the gram-negative bacteria overgrew, indicating that the balance of the gut microbiota was disrupted. The present study indicated that subchronic exposure to IMI interfered with the gut barrier function, interfering with BAs metabolism and causing gut microbiota imbalance in male C57BL/6J mice. Taken together, IMI residues appear to be potentially toxic to mammals and even humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianling Yuan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cuiyuan Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dou Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wenyu Miao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, Zhejiang, China.
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8
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Schlezinger JJ, Puckett H, Oliver J, Nielsen G, Heiger-Bernays W, Webster TF. Perfluorooctanoic acid activates multiple nuclear receptor pathways and skews expression of genes regulating cholesterol homeostasis in liver of humanized PPARα mice fed an American diet. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 405:115204. [PMID: 32822737 PMCID: PMC7503133 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in their drinking water, food, air, dust, and by direct use of consumer products. Increased concentrations of serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol are among the endpoints best supported by epidemiology. The objectives of this study were to generate a new model for examining PFAS-induced dyslipidemia and to conduct molecular studies to better define mechanism(s) of action. We tested the hypothesis that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure at a human-relevant level dysregulates expression of genes controlling cholesterol homeostasis in livers of mice expressing human PPARα (hPPARα). Female and male hPPARα and PPARα null mice were fed a diet based on the "What we eat in America" analysis and exposed to PFOA in drinking water (8 μM) for 6 weeks. This resulted in a serum PFOA concentration of 48 μg/ml. PFOA increased liver mass, which was associated with histologically-evident lipid accumulation. Pooled analyses of serum lipoprotein cholesterol suggest that PFOA increased serum cholesterol, particularly in male mice. PFOA induced PPARα and constitutive androstane receptor target gene expression in liver. Expression of genes in four pathways regulating cholesterol homeostasis were also measured. PFOA decreased expression of Hmgcr in a PPARα-dependent manner. PFOA decreased expression of Ldlr and Cyp7a1 in a PPARα-independent manner. Apob expression was not changed. Sex differences were evident. This novel study design (hPPARα mice, American diet, long term exposure) generated new insight on the effects of PFOA on cholesterol regulation in the liver and the role of hPPARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Schlezinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - H Puckett
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - J Oliver
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - G Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - W Heiger-Bernays
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - T F Webster
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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9
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Csanaky IL, Lickteig AJ, Zhang Y, Klaassen CD. Effects of patent ductus venosus on bile acid homeostasis in aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-null mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 403:115136. [PMID: 32679164 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is primarily known as one of the xenosensors and regulators of drug-metabolizing genes. Bile acids (BAs) are synthesized in the liver, and undergo several enterohepatic recirculations in which the liver removes BAs from the portal blood, minimizing the BAs that spill over into the systemic circulation. Previous studies revealed a lifelong patent ductus venosus (PDV) in AhR-null mice. Increased concentration of total BAs (Σ-BAs) in AhR-null mice is known; however, the impact of PDV on BA homeostasis in liver and bile remains unclear. This work investigated the consequences of PDV on BA homeostasis by comparing AhR-null and wild-type (WT) mice of both genders. In serum, Σ-BAs were markedly higher (64-85-fold) in AhR-null mice than in WT mice, especially due to the increase of tri-OH primary BAs (86-142-fold). Despite the extremely high concentration of serum BAs, the concentration of BAs in livers of AhR-null mice remained similar to WT mice. AhR-null livers were protected against increased BA influx by downregulation of uptake transporters and BA synthetic enzymes in the alternative pathway. Although livers of AhR-null mice are 20-25% smaller than WT mice, biliary excretion of BAs was maintained in the AhR-null mice, and even tended to increase. Surprisingly, intestinal Fgf15 expression was not increased, even though there was a marked increase in serum BA concentrations. Although PDV resulted in extremely high BA concentrations in serum of AhR-null mice, they maintained a concentration of BAs in liver and biliary excretion of BAs similar to control mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván L Csanaky
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Division of Gastroenterology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA.
| | - Andrew J Lickteig
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Youcai Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA.
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10
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Zhang Y, Lickteig AJ, Liu J, Csanaky IL, Klaassen CD. Effects of ablation and activation of Nrf2 on bile acid homeostasis in male mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 403:115170. [PMID: 32738332 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in bile acid (BA) homeostasis remains controversial. In this study, activation of Nrf2 was achieved either pharmacologically by CDDO-imidazolide (CDDO-Im) or genetically through a "gene dose-response" model consisting of Nrf2-null, wild-type (WT), Keap1-knockdown (Keap1-KD), and Keap1-hepatocyte knockout (Keap1-HKO) mice. In WT mice, CDDO-Im increased bile flow and decreased hepatic BAs, which was associated with a down-regulation of the canalicular BA efflux transporter Bsep and an increase in biliary BA excretion. In contrast, hepatic Bsep and biliary BA excretion were not altered in Keap1-KD or Keap1-HKO mice, suggesting that Nrf2 is not important for regulating Bsep or BA-dependent bile flow. In contrast, hepatic Mrp2 and Mrp3 were up-regulated by both pharmacological and genetic activations of Nrf2. Furthermore, ileal BA transporters (Asbt and Ostβ) and cholesterol transporters (Abcg5 and Abcg8) were down-regulated by both pharmacological and genetic activations of Nrf2, suggesting a role of Nrf2 in intestinal absorption of BAs and cholesterol. In Nrf2-null mice, CDDO-Im down-regulated hepatic BA uptake transporters (Ntcp, Oatp1a1, and Oatp1b2), leading to a 39-fold increase of serum BAs. To conclude, the present study demonstrates that activation of Nrf2 in mice up-regulates Mrp2 and Mrp3 in the liver and down-regulates BA and cholesterol transporters in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcai Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Andrew J Lickteig
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Iván L Csanaky
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Innovation, Division of Gastroenterology, Children's Mercy Hospital & Clinics, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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11
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Shmarakov IO, Lee YJ, Jiang H, Blaner WS. Constitutive androstane receptor mediates PCB-induced disruption of retinoid homeostasis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 381:114731. [PMID: 31449830 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is associated with an increased risk of incidence of metabolic disease, however the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not fully understood. Our study provides new insights into molecular interactions between PCBs and retinoids (vitamin A and its metabolites) by defining a role for constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) in the disruption of retinoid homeostasis by non-coplanar 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB153). Administration of four weekly 50 mg/kg doses of PCB153 to C57BL/6 male mice resulted in a significant decline in the tissue concentrations of retinyl esters, retinol and all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), while no decline in hepatic and adipose tissue retinoid levels were detected in Car-null littermates. Our data imply that disrupted retinoid homeostasis occurs as a consequence of PCB153-induced activation of CAR, and raise the possibility that CAR signaling can affect atRA homeostasis in vivo. A strong correlation between the changes in retinoid metabolism and extensive upregulation of hepatic CAR-driven Cyp2b10 expression implicates this CYP isoform as contributing to retinoid homeostasis disruption via atRA oxidation during PCB153 exposure. In response to PCB153-induced CAR activation and disruption of retinoid homeostasis, expression of hepatic Pepck, Cd36 and adipose tissue Pparγ, Cd36, Adipoq, and Rbp4 were altered; however, this was reversed by administration of exogenous dietary retinoids (300 IU daily for 4 weeks). Our study establishes that PCB153 exposure enables a significant disruption of retinoid homeostasis in a CAR-dependent manner. We propose that this contributes to the obesogenic properties of PCB153 and may contribute to the predisposition to the metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor O Shmarakov
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Yun Jee Lee
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hongfeng Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - William S Blaner
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
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12
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Lickteig AJ, Zhang Y, Klaassen CD, Csanaky IL. Effects of Absence of Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR) on Bile Acid Homeostasis in Male and Female Mice. Toxicol Sci 2019; 171:132-145. [PMID: 31225615 PMCID: PMC6735724 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of BAs in hepatocytes has a role in liver disease and also in drug-induced liver injury. The Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR) has been shown to protect against BA-induced liver injury. The polymorphism of CAR has recently been shown to modify the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of various drugs. Thus it was hypothesized that polymorphism of CAR may also influence BA homeostasis. Using CAR-null and WT mice, this study modeled the potential consequences of CAR polymorphism on BA homeostasis. Our previous study showed that chemical activation of CAR decreases the total BA concentrations in livers of mice. Surprisingly the absence of CAR also decreased the BA concentrations in livers of mice, but to a lesser extent than in CAR-activated mice. Neither CAR activation nor elimination of CAR altered the biliary excretion of total BAs, but CAR activation increased the proportion of 6-OH BAs (TMCA), whereas the lack of CAR increased the excretion of TCA, TCDCA and TDCA. Serum BA concentrations did not parallel the decrease in BA concentrations in the liver in either the mice after CAR activation or mice lacking CAR. Gene expression of BA synthesis, transporter and regulator genes were mainly similar in livers of CAR-null and WT mice. In summary, CAR activation decreases primarily the 12-OH BA concentrations in liver, whereas lack of CAR decreases the concentrations of 6-OH BAs in liver. In bile, CAR activation increases the biliary excretion of 6-OH BAs, whereas absence of CAR increases the biliary excretion of 12-OH BAs and TCDCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Lickteig
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Youcai Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Iván L Csanaky
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Innovation, Division of Gastroenterology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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13
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Dempsey JL, Wang D, Siginir G, Fei Q, Raftery D, Gu H, Yue Cui J. Pharmacological Activation of PXR and CAR Downregulates Distinct Bile Acid-Metabolizing Intestinal Bacteria and Alters Bile Acid Homeostasis. Toxicol Sci 2019; 168:40-60. [PMID: 30407581 PMCID: PMC6821357 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome regulates important host metabolic pathways including xenobiotic metabolism and intermediary metabolism, such as the conversion of primary bile acids (BAs) into secondary BAs. The nuclear receptors pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) are well-known regulators for xenobiotic biotransformation in liver. However, little is known regarding the potential effects of PXR and CAR on the composition and function of the gut microbiome. To test our hypothesis that activation of PXR and CAR regulates gut microbiota and secondary BA synthesis, 9-week-old male conventional and germ-free mice were orally gavaged with corn oil, PXR agonist PCN (75 mg/kg), or CAR agonist TCPOBOP (3 mg/kg) once daily for 4 days. PCN and TCPOBOP decreased two taxa in the Bifidobacterium genus, which corresponded with decreased gene abundance of the BA-deconjugating enzyme bile salt hydrolase. In liver and small intestinal content of germ-free mice, there was a TCPOBOP-mediated increase in total, primary, and conjugated BAs corresponding with increased Cyp7a1 mRNA. Bifidobacterium, Dorea, Peptociccaceae, Anaeroplasma, and Ruminococcus positively correlated with T-UDCA in LIC, but negatively correlated with T-CDCA in serum. In conclusion, PXR and CAR activation downregulates BA-metabolizing bacteria in the intestine and modulates BA homeostasis in a gut microbiota-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Dempsey
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
- Chongqing Blood Center, Chongqing 400015, P.R. China
| | - Gunseli Siginir
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Qiang Fei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
- Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130061, P.R. China
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona 85004
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105
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14
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Kim KH, Choi JM, Li F, Dong B, Wooton-Kee CR, Arizpe A, Anakk S, Jung SY, Hartig SM, Moore DD. Constitutive Androstane Receptor Differentially Regulates Bile Acid Homeostasis in Mouse Models of Intrahepatic Cholestasis. Hepatol Commun 2018; 3:147-159. [PMID: 30620001 PMCID: PMC6312660 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acid (BA) homeostasis is tightly regulated by multiple transcription factors, including farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and small heterodimer partner (SHP). We previously reported that loss of the FXR/SHP axis causes severe intrahepatic cholestasis, similar to human progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 5 (PFIC5). In this study, we found that constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is endogenously activated in Fxr:Shp double knockout (DKO) mice. To test the hypothesis that CAR activation protects DKO mice from further liver damage, we generated Fxr;Shp;Car triple knockout (TKO) mice. In TKO mice, residual adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette, subfamily B member 11 (ABCB11; alias bile salt export pump [BSEP]) function and fecal BA excretion are completely impaired, resulting in severe hepatic and biliary damage due to excess BA overload. In addition, we discovered that pharmacologic CAR activation has different effects on intrahepatic cholestasis of different etiologies. In DKO mice, CAR agonist 1,4‐bis[2‐(3,5‐dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene (TCPOBOP; here on TC) treatment attenuated cholestatic liver injury, as expected. However, in the PFIC2 model Bsep knockout (BKO) mice, TC treatment exhibited opposite effects that reflect increased BA accumulation and liver injury. These contrasting results may be linked to differential regulation of systemic cholesterol homeostasis in DKO and BKO livers. TC treatment selectively up‐regulated hepatic cholesterol levels in BKO mice, supporting de novo BA synthesis. Conclusion: CAR activation in DKO mice is generally protective against cholestatic liver injury in these mice, which model PFIC5, but not in the PFIC2 model BKO mice. Our results emphasize the importance of the genetic and physiologic background when implementing targeted therapies to treat intrahepatic cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Jong Min Choi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX.,Center for Drug Discovery Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Bingning Dong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | | | - Armando Arizpe
- School of Natural Science University of Texas Austin Austin TX
| | - Sayeepriyadarshini Anakk
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX.,Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - David D Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
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15
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Li CY, Dempsey JL, Wang D, Lee S, Weigel KM, Fei Q, Bhatt DK, Prasad B, Raftery D, Gu H, Cui JY. PBDEs Altered Gut Microbiome and Bile Acid Homeostasis in Male C57BL/6 Mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1226-1240. [PMID: 29769268 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.081547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent environmental contaminants with well characterized toxicities in host organs. Gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as an important regulator of xenobiotic biotransformation; however, little is known about its interactions with PBDEs. Primary bile acids (BAs) are metabolized by the gut microbiome into more lipophilic secondary BAs that may be absorbed and interact with certain host receptors. The goal of this study was to test our hypothesis that PBDEs cause dysbiosis and aberrant regulation of BA homeostasis. Nine-week-old male C57BL/6 conventional (CV) and germ-free (GF) mice were orally gavaged with corn oil (10 mg/kg), BDE-47 (100 μmol/kg), or BDE-99 (100 μmol/kg) once daily for 4 days (n = 3-5/group). Gut microbiome was characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing of the large intestinal content in CV mice. Both BDE-47 and BDE-99 profoundly decreased the alpha diversity of gut microbiome and differentially regulated 45 bacterial species. Both PBDE congeners increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Erysipelotrichaceae Allobaculum spp., which have been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antiobesity functions. Targeted metabolomics of 56 BAs was conducted in serum, liver, and small and large intestinal content of CV and GF mice. BDE-99 increased many unconjugated BAs in multiple biocompartments in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. This correlated with an increase in microbial 7α-dehydroxylation enzymes for secondary BA synthesis and increased expression of host intestinal transporters for BA absorption. Targeted proteomics showed that PBDEs downregulated host BA-synthesizing enzymes and transporters in livers of CV but not GF mice. In conclusion, there is a novel interaction between PBDEs and the endogenous BA-signaling through modification of the "gut-liver axis".
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Yanfei Li
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - Joseph L Dempsey
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - SooWan Lee
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - Kris M Weigel
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - Qiang Fei
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - Deepak Kumar Bhatt
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
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16
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Csanaky IL, Lickteig AJ, Klaassen CD. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediated short-term effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on bile acid homeostasis in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29452137 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.02.005.aryl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the most potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on bile acid (BA) homeostasis was examined in male and female wild-type and AhR-null mice shortly after 4-day exposure, rather than at a later time when secondary non-AhR dependent effects are more likely to occur. TCDD had similar effects on BA homeostasis in male and female mice. TCDD decreased the concentration of total-(Σ) BAs in liver by approximately 50% (all major BA categories except for the non-6,12-OH BAs), without decreasing the expression of the rate limiting BA synthetic enzyme (Cyp7a1) or altering the major BA regulatory pathways (FXR) in liver and intestine. Even though the Σ-BAs in liver were markedly decreased, the Σ-BAs excreted into bile were not altered. TCDD decreased the relative amount of 12-OH BAs (TCA, TDCA, CA, DCA) in bile and increased the biliary excretion of TCDCA and its metabolites (TαMCA, TUDCA); this was likely due to the decreased Cyp8b1 (12α-hydroxylase) in liver. The concentration of Σ-BAs in serum was not altered by TCDD, indicating that serum BAs do not reflect BA status in liver. However, proportions of individual BAs in serum reflected the decreased expression of Cyp8b1. All these TCDD-induced changes in BA homeostasis were absent in AhR-null mice. In summary, through the AhR, TCDD markedly decreases BA concentrations in liver and reduces the 12α-hydroxylation of BAs without altering Cyp7a1 and FXR signaling. The TCDD-induced decrease in Σ-BAs in liver did not result in a decrease in biliary excretion or serum concentrations of Σ-BAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván L Csanaky
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Division of Gastroenterology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108; USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Andrew J Lickteig
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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17
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Csanaky IL, Lickteig AJ, Klaassen CD. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediated short-term effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on bile acid homeostasis in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 343:48-61. [PMID: 29452137 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the most potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on bile acid (BA) homeostasis was examined in male and female wild-type and AhR-null mice shortly after 4-day exposure, rather than at a later time when secondary non-AhR dependent effects are more likely to occur. TCDD had similar effects on BA homeostasis in male and female mice. TCDD decreased the concentration of total-(Σ) BAs in liver by approximately 50% (all major BA categories except for the non-6,12-OH BAs), without decreasing the expression of the rate limiting BA synthetic enzyme (Cyp7a1) or altering the major BA regulatory pathways (FXR) in liver and intestine. Even though the Σ-BAs in liver were markedly decreased, the Σ-BAs excreted into bile were not altered. TCDD decreased the relative amount of 12-OH BAs (TCA, TDCA, CA, DCA) in bile and increased the biliary excretion of TCDCA and its metabolites (TαMCA, TUDCA); this was likely due to the decreased Cyp8b1 (12α-hydroxylase) in liver. The concentration of Σ-BAs in serum was not altered by TCDD, indicating that serum BAs do not reflect BA status in liver. However, proportions of individual BAs in serum reflected the decreased expression of Cyp8b1. All these TCDD-induced changes in BA homeostasis were absent in AhR-null mice. In summary, through the AhR, TCDD markedly decreases BA concentrations in liver and reduces the 12α-hydroxylation of BAs without altering Cyp7a1 and FXR signaling. The TCDD-induced decrease in Σ-BAs in liver did not result in a decrease in biliary excretion or serum concentrations of Σ-BAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván L Csanaky
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Division of Gastroenterology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108; USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Andrew J Lickteig
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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18
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Cheng S, Zou M, Liu Q, Kuang J, Shen J, Pu S, Chen L, Li H, Wu T, Li R, Li Y, Jiang W, Zhang Z, He J. Activation of Constitutive Androstane Receptor Prevents Cholesterol Gallstone Formation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:808-818. [PMID: 28283178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol gallstone disease (CGD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases. Lithogenic hepatic bile secretion precedes the formation of cholesterol gallstones. Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), a member of nuclear family, plays an important role in cholesterol and bile acid metabolism. To examine whether activation of CAR can prevent cholesterol gallstone formation, we treated C57BL6/J mice maintained on a lithogenic diet with CAR agonist 1,4-bis-[2-(3, 5-dichlorpyridyloxy)] benzene and performed bile duct cannulation to study the dynamics of biliary lipids. We report that activation of CAR decreases the biliary cholesterol concentration and prevents CGD formation. The lower biliary cholesterol level was largely attributed to suppressed Abcg5 and Abcg8 expression in CAR-activated mice. CAR activation also promoted cholesterol conversion into bile acids by increasing the expression of Cyp7a1, a rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid biosynthesis. Activation of CAR enhanced bile acid re-absorption via increasing the expression of bile acid transporters Asbt and Ostβ in the ileum. The hepatic steatosis was also improved in the liver of CAR-activated mice. Furthermore, activation of CAR protected the mice against the liver X receptor α-sensitized CGD through suppressing the expression of Abcg5/8. Collectively, CAR plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of cholesterol, bile acids, and triglycerides levels, and it might be a promising therapeutic target for preventing or treating CGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Cheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinhui Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiangying Kuang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyun Pu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jinhan He
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Li CY, Cheng SL, Bammler TK, Cui JY. Editor's Highlight: Neonatal Activation of the Xenobiotic-Sensors PXR and CAR Results in Acute and Persistent Down-regulation of PPARα-Signaling in Mouse Liver. Toxicol Sci 2016; 153:282-302. [PMID: 27413110 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Safety concerns have emerged regarding the potential long-lasting effects due to developmental exposure to xenobiotics. The pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) are critical xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptors that are highly expressed in liver. The goal of this study was to test our hypothesis that neonatal exposure to PXR- or CAR-activators not only acutely but also persistently regulates the expression of drug-processing genes (DPGs). A single dose of the PXR-ligand PCN (75 mg/kg), CAR-ligand TCPOBOP (3 mg/kg), or vehicle (corn oil) was administered intraperitoneally to 3-day-old neonatal wild-type mice. Livers were collected 24 h post-dose or from adult mice at 60 days of age, and global gene expression of these mice was determined using Affymetrix Mouse Transcriptome Assay 1.0. In neonatal liver, PCN up-regulated 464 and down-regulated 449 genes, whereas TCPOBOP up-regulated 308 and down-regulated 112 genes. In adult liver, there were 15 persistently up-regulated and 22 persistently down-regulated genes following neonatal exposure to PCN, as well as 130 persistently up-regulated and 18 persistently down-regulated genes following neonatal exposure to TCPOBOP. Neonatal exposure to both PCN and TCPOBOP persistently down-regulated multiple Cyp4a members, which are prototypical-target genes of the lipid-sensor PPARα, and this correlated with decreased PPARα-binding to the Cyp4a gene loci. RT-qPCR, western blotting, and enzyme activity assays in livers of wild-type, PXR-null, and CAR-null mice confirmed that the persistent down-regulation of Cyp4a was PXR and CAR dependent. In conclusion, neonatal exposure to PXR- and CAR-activators both acutely and persistently regulates critical genes involved in xenobiotic and lipid metabolism in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Yanfei Li
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Sunny Lihua Cheng
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Theo K Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105
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