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Rechtman E, Navarro E, de Water E, Tang CY, Curtin P, Papazaharias DM, Ambrosi C, Mascaro L, Cagna G, Gasparotti R, Invernizzi A, Reichenberg A, Austin C, Arora M, Smith DR, Lucchini RG, Wright RO, Placidi D, Horton MK. Early-Life Critical Windows of Susceptibility to Manganese Exposure and Sex-Specific Changes in Brain Connectivity in Late Adolescence. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:460-469. [PMID: 37519473 PMCID: PMC10382697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early-life environmental exposures during critical windows (CWs) of development can impact life course health. Exposure to neuroactive metals such as manganese (Mn) during prenatal and early postnatal CWs may disrupt typical brain development, leading to persistent behavioral changes. Males and females may be differentially vulnerable to Mn, presenting distinctive CWs to Mn exposure. Methods We used magnetic resonance imaging to investigate sex-specific associations between early-life Mn uptake and intrinsic functional connectivity in adolescence. A total of 71 participants (15-23 years old; 53% female) from the Public Health Impact of Manganese Exposure study completed a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. We estimated dentine Mn concentrations at prenatal, postnatal, and early childhood periods using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. We performed seed-based correlation analyses to investigate the moderating effect of sex on the associations between Mn and intrinsic functional connectivity adjusting for age and socioeconomic status. Results We identified significant sex-specific associations between dentine Mn at all time points and intrinsic functional connectivity in brain regions involved in cognitive and motor function: 1) prenatal: dorsal striatum, occipital/frontal lobes, and middle frontal gyrus; 2) postnatal: right putamen and cerebellum; and 3) early childhood: putamen and occipital, frontal, and temporal lobes. Network associations differed depending on exposure timing, suggesting that different brain networks may present distinctive CWs to Mn. Conclusions These findings suggest that the developing brain is vulnerable to Mn exposure, with effects lasting through late adolescence, and that females and males are not equally vulnerable to these effects. Future studies should investigate cognitive and motor outcomes related to these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elza Rechtman
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Esmeralda Navarro
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Erik de Water
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Cheuk Y. Tang
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular, and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Paul Curtin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Demetrios M. Papazaharias
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Claudia Ambrosi
- ASST Spedali Civili Hospital, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorella Mascaro
- ASST Spedali Civili Hospital, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Cagna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Gasparotti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Azzurra Invernizzi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Donald R. Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Roberto G. Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Robert O. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Megan K. Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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2
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Jensen N, Terrell R, Ramoju S, Shilnikova N, Farhat N, Karyakina N, Cline BH, Momoli F, Mattison D, Krewski D. Magnetic resonance imaging T1 indices of the brain as biomarkers of inhaled manganese exposure. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:358-370. [PMID: 36412542 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2128719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Excessive exposure to manganese (Mn) is linked to its accumulation in the brain and adverse neurological effects. Paramagnetic properties of Mn allow the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to identify it in biological tissues. A critical review was conducted to evaluate whether MRI techniques could be used as a diagnostic tool to detect brain Mn accumulation as a quantitative biomarker of inhaled exposure. A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed to identify potentially relevant studies published prior to 9 May 2022. Two reviewers independently screened identified references using a two-stage process. Of the 6452 unique references identified, 36 articles were retained for data abstraction. Eligible studies used T1-weighted MRI techniques and reported direct or indirect T1 measures to characterize Mn accumulation in the brain. Findings demonstrate that, in subjects exposed to high levels of Mn, deposition in the brain is widespread, accumulating both within and outside the basal ganglia. Available evidence indicates that T1 MRI techniques can be used to distinguish Mn-exposed individuals from unexposed. Additionally, T1 MRI may be useful for semi-quantitative evaluation of inhaled Mn exposure, particularly when interpreted along with other exposure indices. T1 MRI measures appear to have a nonlinear relationship to Mn exposure duration, with R1 signal only increasing after critical thresholds. The strength of the association varied depending on the regions of interest imaged and the method of exposure measurement. Overall, available evidence suggests potential for future clinical and risk assessment applications of MRI as a diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jensen
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - R Terrell
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - S Ramoju
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada
| | - N Shilnikova
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - N Farhat
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - N Karyakina
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - B H Cline
- International Manganese Institute, Paris, France
| | - F Momoli
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - D Mattison
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - D Krewski
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
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3
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Lee EY, Flynn MR, Du G, Lewis MM, Goldenberg M, Kong L, Mailman RB, Hong YS, Huang X. Nigral MRI features of asymptomatic welders. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 85:37-43. [PMID: 33691274 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Manganese (Mn)-induced parkinsonism involves motor symptoms similar to those observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous literature suggests that chronic Mn- exposure may increase PD risk, although Mn-induced clinical syndromes are considered atypical for PD. This study investigated whether asymptomatic welders display differences in the substantia nigra (SN), the key pathological locus of PD. METHOD Brain MRI data and occupational exposure history were obtained in welders (N = 43) and matched controls (N = 31). Diffusion tensor imaging fractional anisotropy (FA; estimate of microstructural integrity) and R2* (estimate of iron and other PD-related brain differences) values in the SN pars compacta (SNc), SN reticulata (SNr), and globus pallidus (GP) were compared between the two groups. The MRI markers of the SN and GP within welders were related to exposure estimates. RESULTS Compared to controls, welders who had chronic, but low-level, Mn-exposure had similar FA and R2* values in both SN regions (p's > 0.082), but significantly lower FA (p = 0.0013), although not R2* (p = 0.553), in the GP. In welders, FA values in the SN and GP showed a second-order polynomial relationship with cumulative lifetime welding exposure (p's < 0.03). CONCLUSION Neurotoxic processes associated with Mn-exposure may be different from those in PD when the exposure-level is relatively low. Greater welding duration and level, however, were associated with FA differences in the GP and SN, indicating that welding exposures above a certain level may induce neurotoxicity in the SN, a finding that should be explored further in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Lee
- Department of Health Care and Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea.
| | - Michael R Flynn
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Mechelle M Lewis
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Michael Goldenberg
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Lan Kong
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Richard B Mailman
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Young-Seoub Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Department of Radiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Miah MR, Ijomone OM, Okoh COA, Ijomone OK, Akingbade GT, Ke T, Krum B, da Cunha Martins A, Akinyemi A, Aranoff N, Antunes Soares FA, Bowman AB, Aschner M. The effects of manganese overexposure on brain health. Neurochem Int 2020; 135:104688. [PMID: 31972215 PMCID: PMC7926190 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is the twelfth most abundant element on the earth and an essential metal to human health. Mn is present at low concentrations in a variety of dietary sources, which provides adequate Mn content to sustain support various physiological processes in the human body. However, with the rise of Mn utility in a variety of industries, there is an increased risk of overexposure to this transition metal, which can have neurotoxic consequences. This risk includes occupational exposure of Mn to workers as well as overall increased Mn pollution affecting the general public. Here, we review exposure due to air pollution and inhalation in industrial settings; we also delve into the toxic effects of manganese on the brain such as oxidative stress, inflammatory response and transporter dysregulation. Additionally, we summarize current understandings underlying the mechanisms of Mn toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfuzur R Miah
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Omamuyovwi M Ijomone
- The Neuro-Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Comfort O A Okoh
- The Neuro-Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Olayemi K Ijomone
- The Neuro-Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Grace T Akingbade
- The Neuro-Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Tao Ke
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bárbara Krum
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ayodele Akinyemi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Aranoff
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Felix Alexandre Antunes Soares
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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5
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Rechtman E, Curtin P, Onyebeke LC, Wang VX, Papazaharias DM, Hazeltine D, de Water E, Nabeel I, Mani V, Zuckerman N, Lucchini RG, Gaughan D, Tang CY, Horton MK. Respirator usage protects brain white matter from welding fume exposure: A pilot magnetic resonance imaging study of welders. Neurotoxicology 2020; 78:202-208. [PMID: 32217185 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Welding fume exposure has been associated with structural brain changes and a wide variety of clinical and sub-clinical outcomes including cognitive, behavioral and motor abnormalities. Respirator use has been shown to decrease exposure to welding fumes; however, the associations between respirator use and health outcomes, particularly neurologic health, have been understudied. In this preliminary study, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate the effectiveness of respirator use in protecting workers' white matter (WM) from the harmful effects related to welding fume exposure. Fractional anisotropy (FA), a common DTI measurement of water diffusion properties, was used as a marker of WM microstructure integrity. We hypothesized that FA in brain regions involved in motor and neurocognitive functions would differ between welders reporting respirator use compared to those not using a respirator. We enrolled a pilot cohort of 19 welders from labor unions in the New York City area. All welders completed questionnaires to assess welding history and occupational health. All completed a DTI acquisition on a 3 T Siemens scanner. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), a bioinformatic analytical strategy, was used to model the divergence of WM microstructures in 48 regions defined by the ICBM-DTI-81 atlas between respirator users compared to non-users. This yielded an effective discrimination of respirator users from non-users, with the uncinate fasciculus, the cerebellar peduncle and the superior longitudinal fasciculus contributing most to the discrimination of these groups. These white matter tracts are involved in widespread motor and cognitive functions. To our knowledge, this study is the first to suggest a protective effect of respirator on WM microstructure, indicating that the lack of respirator may present unsafe working conditions for welders. These preliminary findings may inform a larger, longitudinal intervention study that would be more appropriate to investigate the potential protective effect of respirator usage on brain white matter in welders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elza Rechtman
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Paul Curtin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lynn C Onyebeke
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Victoria X Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Demetrios M Papazaharias
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Danielle Hazeltine
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Erik de Water
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ismail Nabeel
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Venkatesh Mani
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Norman Zuckerman
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Denise Gaughan
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Cheuk Y Tang
- Department of Radiology and Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Megan K Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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6
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Lee EY, Flynn MR, Du G, Lewis MM, Kong L, Yanosky JD, Mailman RB, Huang X. Higher Hippocampal Mean Diffusivity Values in Asymptomatic Welders. Toxicol Sci 2020; 168:486-496. [PMID: 30629252 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic high-level manganese (Mn)-induced neurotoxicity has been associated with Mn accumulation in the basal ganglia and higher risk for developing parkinsonism. Recent studies in Mn-exposed animals revealed Mn accumulation in the hippocampus, the presence of Aβ diffuse plaques, and deficits in associative learning, the latter being hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) or related disorders. This and recent evidence of hippocampal Mn accumulation in welders prompted us to test the hypothesis that welders with chronic Mn exposure would display changes in the hippocampus. Subjects with (welders; n = 42) or without (controls; n = 31) welding history were studied. Mn exposure was estimated by occupational questionnaires, whole blood Mn, and R1 imaging (estimate of short-term brain Mn accumulation). Hippocampal diffusion tensor imaging (DTI; estimate of microstructural brain changes) and volume were determined. Compared with controls, welders displayed no significant difference in hippocampal volume (p = .165). Welders, however, exhibited higher DTI hippocampal mean diffusivity (MD) values compared with controls (p = .035) that was evident particularly in older welders (>50 years, p = .002). Hippocampal MD was associated significantly with age in welders (R = 0.59; p < .001) but not in controls (p = .16). Moreover, higher hippocampal MD values (age adjusted) were associated with long-term cumulative Mn exposure (R = 0.36, p = .021). Welders with chronic exposure have higher MD values in the hippocampus that become greater with increasing age, a brain change that is similar to that observed in those at risk for AD. The current results suggest that Mn exposure, coupled with aging, may make welders more vulnerable to AD or AD-like changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Lee
- Department of Neurology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033.,Department of Health Care and Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea 49315
| | - Michael R Flynn
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Neurology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Mechelle M Lewis
- Department of Neurology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033.,Department of Pharmacology
| | - Lan Kong
- Department of Public Health Sciences
| | | | - Richard B Mailman
- Department of Neurology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033.,Department of Pharmacology
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033.,Department of Pharmacology.,Department of Radiology.,Department of Neurosurgery.,Department of Kinesiology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
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7
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Ferrreira APSDS, Pereira EC, Salles FJ, Silva FFD, Batista BL, Handakas E, Olympio KPK. Home-based and informal work exposes the families to high levels of potentially toxic elements. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 218:319-327. [PMID: 30476763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The city of Limeira presents a relevant productive chain of jewelry and fashion jewelry, including a scenario of outsourcing informal home practices. It is highly complex to understand the potentially toxic elements (PTE: Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sn, Sb, Hg, and Pb) exposures of the workers because this productive chain encompasses households. This study aimed to investigate the associations between blood PTE levels and informal work in the home environment. Fifty-two families divided into Exposed group (n = 112) and Control group (n = 53) were included. Families' blood (n = 165) and welder's breathing zone air samples (n = 9) were collected and PTEs concentrations were determined by ICP-MS. Questionnaires were applied to collect sociodemographic information and workplace details. Principal component analysis, Mann-Whitney test, cluster and a logistic regression analysis based on environment-wide association studies (EWAS) were carried out. Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb concentrations in the air samples were higher than occupational guidelines. Eighty percent of the workers were female, and 43.5% of those females then worked as welder. A significant difference was found for Pb concentration between the exposed and control group (p < 0.0001) and between sexes (p = 0.0046). For Cu (p < 0.0001) and Sb (p = 0.0434), differences were found between the sexes. The receiver operating characteristic of the EWAS was 0.80, providing evidence of a potential model to associate exposure levels and occupational factors. PTEs concentrations in the air samples raised concerns, particularly for children, who were in the same exposure scenario. Inadequate work conditions were observed in the houses, revealing the need of public actions to protect these families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Sacone da Silva Ferrreira
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Elizeu Chiodi Pereira
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Junqueira Salles
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabio Ferreira da Silva
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001. Bairro Santa Terezinha. Santo André - SP - Brasil, CEP 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Lemos Batista
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001. Bairro Santa Terezinha. Santo André - SP - Brasil, CEP 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
| | - Evangelos Handakas
- Imperial College London, Department of Medicine, Computation and Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Kelly Polido Kaneshiro Olympio
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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8
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Ou SY, Luo HL, Mailman RB, Li ZC, Zhang YW, Cai M, Huang XW, Li SJ, Jiang YM. Effect of manganese on neural endocrine hormones in serum of welders and smelters. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 50:1-7. [PMID: 30262264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although manganese (Mn)-induced neurotoxicity effects are well known among occupational Mn exposure, few reports have investigated the effects on endocrine systems among welders and smelters. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of high level occupational manganese (Mn) exposure on neuropsychological parameters and hormonal status. METHODS We used a cross-sectional design with 52 welders, 48 smelters and 43 age-matched office workers from the same factory in China. We analyzed serum endocrine hormones level and airborne Mn concentrations. Erythrocyte and urine Mn levels were quantified using inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. RESULTS The geometric mean of air Mn concentrations for the welders and smelters were 19.7 and 273.1 μg/m3, respectively. Mn concentrations in erythrocytes of smelters were markedly greater than those in controls and welders, but there was no difference between the erythrocytes Mn levels of Control and welders. We also found an increase of Mn levels in the urine of both welders and smelters vs. controls; Mn levels in urine of smelters were higher than in welders. Self-reported neurobehavioral symptoms were higher in welders and smelters than in controls. Finally, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels of welders were significantly lower than in controls, whereas smelters had lower prolactin (PRL), testosterone (TST) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations than either controls or welders. CONCLUSIONS These results show that smelters have higher Mn exposure than do welders, and that Mn levels in erythrocytes or urine can be a marker for exposure. Moreover, high level occupational Mn exposure increases adverse neurobehavioral effects, and also may disrupt endocrine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yan Ou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Hai-Lan Luo
- Department of Health Toxicology and Functional Testing, Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Richard B Mailman
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neurology, Penn State College of Medicine 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033-0850, USA.
| | - Zhao-Cong Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yu-Wen Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Mei Cai
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xiao-Wei Huang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Shao-Jun Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yue-Ming Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Bailey LA, Kerper LE, Goodman JE. Derivation of an occupational exposure level for manganese in welding fumes. Neurotoxicology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Lee EY, Lewis MM, Mailman RB, Huang X. Distinct neuroimaging features define Parkinson's disease and welding-related neurotoxicity. THE NEUROLOGIST (HYDERABAD, INDIA) 2017; 1:e102. [PMID: 30151503 PMCID: PMC6108171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Lee
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033, USA
| | - Mechelle M Lewis
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033, USA
| | - Richard B Mailman
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033, USA
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033, USA
- Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033, USA
- Department of Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033, USA
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11
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Lewis MM, Sterling NW, Du G, Lee EY, Shyu G, Goldenberg M, Allen T, Stetter C, Kong L, Snipes SA, Jones BC, Chen H, Mailman RB, Huang X. Lateralized Basal Ganglia Vulnerability to Pesticide Exposure in Asymptomatic Agricultural Workers. Toxicol Sci 2017; 159:170-178. [PMID: 28633499 PMCID: PMC5837257 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticide exposure is linked to Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder marked by dopamine cell loss in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia (BG) that often presents asymmetrically. We previously reported that pesticide-exposed agricultural workers (AW) have nigral diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) changes. The current study sought to confirm this finding, and explore its hemisphere and regional specificity within BG structures using an independent sample population. Pesticide exposure history, standard neurological exam, high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (T1/T2-weighted and DTI), and [123I]ioflupane SPECT images (to quantify striatal dopamine transporters) were obtained from 20 AW with chronic pesticide exposure and 11 controls. Based on median cumulative days of pesticide exposure, AW were subdivided into high (AWHi, n = 10) and low (AWLo, n = 10) exposure groups. BG (nigra, putamen, caudate, and globus pallidus [GP]) fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and striatal [123I]ioflupane binding in each hemisphere were quantified, and compared across exposure groups using analysis of variance. Left, but not right, nigral and GP FA were significantly lower in AW compared with controls (p's < .029). None of the striatal (putamen and caudate) DTI or [123I]ioflupane binding measurements differed between AW and controls. Subgroup analyses indicated that significant left nigral and GP DTI changes were present only in the AWHi (p ≤ .037) but not the AWLo subgroup. AW, especially those with higher pesticide exposure history, demonstrate lateralized microstructural changes in the nigra and GP, whereas striatal areas appear relatively unaffected. Future studies should elucidate how environmental toxicants cause differential lateralized- and regionally specific brain vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Allen
- Department of Radiology, and Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Christy Stetter
- Department of Radiology, and Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Lan Kong
- Department of Radiology, and Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Shedra Amy Snipes
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Byron C Jones
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | | | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Neurology
- Department of Pharmacology
- Department of Radiology, and Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
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12
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Abstract
Although an essential nutrient, manganese (Mn) can be toxic at high doses. There is, however, uncertainty regarding the effects of chronic low-level Mn-exposure. This review provides an overview of Mn-related brain and functional changes based on studies of a cohort of asymptomatic welders who had lower Mn-exposure than in most previous work. In welders with low-level Mn-exposure, we found: 1) Mn may accumulate in the brain in a non-linear fashion: MRI R1 (1/T1) signals significantly increased only after a critical level of exposure was reached (e.g., ≥300 welding hours in the past 90days prior to MRI). Moreover, R1 may be a more sensitive marker to capture short-term dynamic changes in Mn accumulation than the pallidal index [T1-weighted intensity ratio of the globus pallidus vs. frontal white matter], a traditional marker for Mn accumulation; 2) Chronic Mn-exposure may lead to microstructural changes as indicated by lower diffusion tensor fractional anisotropy values in the basal ganglia (BG), especially when welding years exceeded more than 30 years; 3) Mn-related subtle motor dysfunctions can be captured sensitively by synergy metrics (indices for movement stability), whereas traditional fine motor tasks failed to detect any significant differences; and 4) Iron (Fe) also may play a role in welding-related neurotoxicity, especially at low-level Mn-exposure, evidenced by higher R2* values (an estimate for brain Fe accumulation) in the BG. Moreover, higher R2* values were associated with lower phonemic fluency performance. These findings may guide future studies and the development of occupation- and public health-related polices involving Mn-exposure.
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Lee EY, Eslinger PJ, Flynn MR, Wagner D, Du G, Lewis MM, Kong L, Mailman RB, Huang X. Association of neurobehavioral performance with R2* in the caudate nucleus of asymptomatic welders. Neurotoxicology 2016; 58:66-74. [PMID: 27871916 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Welding fumes contain several metals including manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) that may affect the nervous system. Previous studies of potential welding-related neurotoxicity have focused primarily on Mn exposure. The current study examined neurobehavioral and brain imaging changes in asymptomatic welders and their associations with both Mn and Fe exposure measurements. METHODS Data were obtained from subjects with (n=46) and without (controls; n=31) a history of welding exposure. Occupational questionnaires estimated recent (HrsW; welding hours and E90; cumulative exposure, past 90days) and lifetime (YrsW; total welding years and ELT; cumulative exposure, lifetime) exposure. Brain MRI pallidal index (PI), R1 (1/T1), and R2* (1/T2*) were measured to estimate Mn and Fe concentrations in the basal ganglia [caudate nucleus (CN), putamen, and globus pallidus], amygdala, and hippocampus. Comprehensive neuropsychological tests were conducted to examine behavioral differences between welders and controls. Correlation analyses were conducted between neuropsychological tests and those exposure measurements that showed significant group differences. RESULTS Compared to controls, welders had significantly higher R2* in the CN and lower performance on the Phonemic Fluency test. Correlation analyses revealed that welders' Phonemic Fluency scores were inversely associated with R2* in the CN, but not with the PI or R1 in any brain region of interest studied. DISCUSSION The results showed that neurobehavioral performance for the asymptomatic welders in our study was worse than individuals who had not welded, and suggest the differences may be associated with higher Fe accumulation in the CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Lee
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033, USA
| | - Paul J Eslinger
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033, USA; Department of Radiology, The Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033, USA
| | - Michael R Flynn
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Daymond Wagner
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033, USA
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033, USA
| | - Mechelle M Lewis
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033, USA; Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033, USA
| | - Lan Kong
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033, USA
| | - Richard B Mailman
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033, USA; Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033, USA
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033, USA; Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033, USA; Department of Radiology, The Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033, USA; Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA 17033, USA.
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Lewis MM, Lee EY, Jo HJ, Du G, Park J, Flynn MR, Kong L, Latash ML, Huang X. Synergy as a new and sensitive marker of basal ganglia dysfunction: A study of asymptomatic welders. Neurotoxicology 2016; 56:76-85. [PMID: 27373673 PMCID: PMC5729892 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-digit synergies, a recently developed, theory-based method to quantify stability of motor action, are shown to reflect basal ganglia dysfunction associated with parkinsonian syndromes. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that multi-digit synergies may capture early and subclinical basal ganglia dysfunction. We chose asymptomatic welders to test the hypothesis because the basal ganglia are known to be most susceptible to neurotoxicity caused by welding-related metal accumulation (such as manganese and iron). METHODS Twenty right-handed welders and 13 matched controls were invited to perform single- and multi-finger pressing tasks using the fingers of the right or left hand. Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and Grooved Pegboard scores were used to gauge gross and fine motor dysfunction, respectively. High-resolution (3T) T1-weighted, T2-weighted, T1 mapping, susceptibility, and diffusion tensor MRIs were obtained to reflect manganese, iron accumulation, and microstructural changes in basal ganglia. The synergy index stabilizing total force and anticipatory synergy adjustments were computed, compared between groups, and correlated with estimates of basal ganglia manganese [the pallidal index, R1 (1/T1)], iron [R2* (1/T2*)], and microstructural changes [fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity]. RESULTS There were no significant differences in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (total or motor subscale) or Grooved Pegboard test scores between welders and controls. The synergy index during steady-state accurate force production was decreased significantly in the left hand of welders compared to controls (p=0.004) but did not reach statistical significance in the right hand (p=0.16). Anticipatory synergy adjustments, however, were not significantly different between groups. Among welders, higher synergy indices in the left hand were associated significantly with higher fractional anisotropy values in the left globus pallidus (R=0.731, p<0.001) but not with the pallidal index, R1, or R2* values in the basal ganglia. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that multi-digit synergy metrics may serve as preclinical markers for basal ganglia dysfunction in welders and other populations at risk for neurodegenerative diseases involving parkinsonian symptoms. This finding may have important clinical, scientific, and public/occupational health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mechelle M Lewis
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Hang Jin Jo
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Jaebum Park
- Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Michael R Flynn
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lan Kong
- Department of Biostatistics, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Mark L Latash
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, United States; Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, United States; Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
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