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Guerrelli D, Pressman J, Salameh S, Posnack N. hiPSC-CM electrophysiology: impact of temporal changes and study parameters on experimental reproducibility. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H12-H27. [PMID: 38727253 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00631.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are frequently used for preclinical cardiotoxicity testing and remain an important tool for confirming model-based predictions of drug effects in accordance with the comprehensive in vitro proarrhythmia assay (CiPA). Despite the considerable benefits hiPSC-CMs provide, concerns surrounding experimental reproducibility have emerged. We investigated the effects of temporal changes and experimental parameters on hiPSC-CM electrophysiology. iCell cardiomyocytes2 were cultured and biosignals were acquired using a microelectrode array (MEA) system (2-14 days). Continuous recordings revealed a 22.6% increase in the beating rate and 7.7% decrease in the field potential duration (FPD) during a 20-min equilibration period. Location-specific differences across a multiwell plate were also observed, with iCell cardiomyocytes2 in the outer rows beating 8.8 beats/min faster than the inner rows. Cardiac endpoints were also impacted by cell culture duration; from 2 to 14 days, the beating rate decreased (-12.7 beats/min), FPD lengthened (+257 ms), and spike amplitude increased (+3.3 mV). Cell culture duration (4-10 days) also impacted cardiomyocyte drug responsiveness (E-4031, nifedipine, isoproterenol). qRT-PCR results suggest that daily variations in cardiac metrics may be linked to the continued maturation of hiPSC-CMs in culture (2-30 days). Daily experiments were also repeated using a second cell line (Cor.4U). Collectively, our study highlights multiple sources of variability to consider and address when performing hiPSC-CM MEA studies. To improve reproducibility and data interpretation, MEA-based studies should establish a standardized protocol and report key experimental conditions (e.g., cell line, culture time, equilibration time, electrical stimulation settings, and raw data values).NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that iCell cardiomyocytes2 electrophysiology measurements are impacted by deviations in experimental techniques including electrical stimulation protocols, equilibration time, well-to-well variability, and length of hiPSC-CM culture. Furthermore, our results indicate that hiPSC-CM drug responsiveness changes within the first 2 wk following defrost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Guerrelli
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University School of Engineering and Applied Science, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
- Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Jenna Pressman
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University School of Engineering and Applied Science, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Shatha Salameh
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
- Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Nikki Posnack
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
- Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
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2
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Groen E, Mummery CL, Yiangou L, Davis RP. Three-dimensional cardiac models: a pre-clinical testing platform. Biochem Soc Trans 2024:BST20230444. [PMID: 38778769 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Major advancements in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technology over recent years have yielded valuable tools for cardiovascular research. Multi-cell type 3-dimensional (3D) cardiac models in particular, are providing complementary approaches to animal studies that are better representatives than simple 2-dimensional (2D) cultures of differentiated hPSCs. These human 3D cardiac models can be broadly divided into two categories; namely those generated through aggregating pre-differentiated cells and those that form self-organizing structures during their in vitro differentiation from hPSCs. These models can either replicate aspects of cardiac development or enable the examination of interactions among constituent cell types, with some of these models showing increased maturity compared with 2D systems. Both groups have already emerged as physiologically relevant pre-clinical platforms for studying heart disease mechanisms, exhibiting key functional attributes of the human heart. In this review, we describe the different cardiac organoid models derived from hPSCs, their generation methods, applications in cardiovascular disease research and use in drug screening. We also address their current limitations and challenges as pre-clinical testing platforms and propose potential improvements to enhance their efficacy in cardiac drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Groen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Loukia Yiangou
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard P Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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3
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Dow R, DeLong C, Jiang G, Attili D, Creech J, Kraan R, Campbell K, Saraithong P, O’Shea S, Monteiro da Rocha A, McInnis MG, Herron TJ. Bipolar Patient-Specific In Vitro Diagnostic Test Reveals Underlying Cardiac Arrhythmia Phenotype Caused by Calcium Channel Genetic Risk Factor. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:100296. [PMID: 38560725 PMCID: PMC10978474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
A common genetic risk factor for bipolar disorder is CACNA1C, a gene that is also critical for cardiac rhythm. The impact of CACNA1C mutations on bipolar patient cardiac rhythm is unknown. Here, we report the cardiac electrophysiological implications of a bipolar disorder-associated genetic risk factor in CACNA1C using patient induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Results indicate that the CACNA1C bipolar disorder-related mutation causes cardiac electrical impulse conduction slowing mediated by impaired intercellular coupling via connexin 43 gap junctions. In vitro gene therapy to restore connexin 43 expression increased cardiac electrical impulse conduction velocity and protected against thioridazine-induced QT prolongation. Patients positive for bipolar disorder CACNA1C genetic risk factors may have elevated proarrhythmic risk for adverse events in response to psychiatric medications that slow conduction or prolong the QT interval. This in vitro diagnostic tool enables cardiac testing specific to patients with psychiatric disorders to determine their sensitivity to off-target effects of psychiatric medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Dow
- Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Cindy DeLong
- Michigan Medicine, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Guihua Jiang
- Michigan Medicine, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Durga Attili
- Michigan Medicine, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jeffery Creech
- Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rachel Kraan
- Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Katherine Campbell
- Michigan Medicine, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Prakaimuk Saraithong
- Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Michigan Medicine, Internal Medicine-Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sue O’Shea
- Michigan Medicine, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Michigan Medicine, Psychiatry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andre Monteiro da Rocha
- Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Michigan Medicine, Internal Medicine-Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Melvin G. McInnis
- Michigan Medicine, Psychiatry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Todd J. Herron
- Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Michigan Medicine, Internal Medicine-Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Michigan Medicine, Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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4
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Guerrelli D, Pressman J, Posnack N. hiPSC-CM Electrophysiology: Impact of Temporal Changes and Study Parameters on Experimental Reproducibility. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.02.560475. [PMID: 37873094 PMCID: PMC10592927 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.02.560475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are frequently used for preclinical cardiotoxicity testing and remain an important tool for confirming model-based predictions of drug effects in accordance with the Comprehensive in Vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) initiative. Despite the considerable benefits hiPSC-CMs provide, concerns surrounding experimental reproducibility have emerged. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of temporal changes and experimental parameters on hiPSC-CM electrophysiology. hiPSC-CMs (iCell cardiomyocyte 2 ) were cultured for 14 days and biosignals were acquired using a microelectrode array (MEA) system. Continuous recordings revealed a 22.6% increase in the beating rate and 7.7% decrease in the field potential duration (FPD) during a 20-minute equilibration period. Location specific differences across a multiwell plate were also observed, with hiPSC-CMs in the outer rows beating 8.8 beats per minute (BPM) faster than the inner rows. Cardiac endpoints were also impacted by cell culture duration; from 2-14 days the beating rate decreased (-12.7 BPM), FPD lengthened (+257 ms), and spike amplitude increased (+3.3 mV). Cell culture duration (4-10 days) also impacted hiPSC-CM drug responsiveness (E-4031, nifedipine, isoproterenol). Our study highlights multiple sources of variability that should be considered and addressed when performing hiPSC-CM MEA studies. To improve reproducibility and data interpretation, MEA-based studies should establish a standardized protocol and report key experimental conditions (e.g., culture time, equilibration time, electrical stimulation settings, report raw data values). New & Noteworthy We demonstrate that hiPSC-CM electrophysiology measurements are significantly impacted by slight deviations in experimental techniques including electrical stimulation protocols, equilibration time, well-to-well variability, and length of hiPSC-CM culture. Furthermore, our results indicate that hiPSC-CM drug responsiveness changes within the first two weeks following defrost.
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Allan A, Creech J, Hausner C, Krajcarski P, Gunawan B, Poulin N, Kozlowski P, Clark CW, Dow R, Saraithong P, Mair DB, Block T, Monteiro da Rocha A, Kim DH, Herron TJ. High-throughput longitudinal electrophysiology screening of mature chamber-specific hiPSC-CMs using optical mapping. iScience 2023; 26:107142. [PMID: 37416454 PMCID: PMC10320609 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
hiPSC-CMs are being considered by the Food and Drug Administration and other regulatory agencies for in vitro cardiotoxicity screening to provide human-relevant safety data. Widespread adoption of hiPSC-CMs in regulatory and academic science is limited by the immature, fetal-like phenotype of the cells. Here, to advance the maturation state of hiPSC-CMs, we developed and validated a human perinatal stem cell-derived extracellular matrix coating applied to high-throughput cell culture plates. We also present and validate a cardiac optical mapping device designed for high-throughput functional assessment of mature hiPSC-CM action potentials using voltage-sensitive dye and calcium transients using calcium-sensitive dyes or genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECI, GCaMP6). We utilize the optical mapping device to provide new biological insight into mature chamber-specific hiPSC-CMs, responsiveness to cardioactive drugs, the effect of GCaMP6 genetic variants on electrophysiological function, and the effect of daily β-receptor stimulation on hiPSC-CM monolayer function and SERCA2a expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Allan
- Cairn Research, Graveney Road, Faversham, Kent ME13 8UP UK
| | - Jeffery Creech
- University of Michigan, Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christian Hausner
- University of Michigan, Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peyton Krajcarski
- University of Michigan, Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Bianca Gunawan
- University of Michigan, Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Noah Poulin
- University of Michigan, Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Paul Kozlowski
- Michigan Medicine, Internal Medicine-Cardiology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christopher Wayne Clark
- University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rachel Dow
- University of Michigan, Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Prakaimuk Saraithong
- University of Michigan, Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Michigan Medicine, Internal Medicine-Cardiology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Devin B. Mair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Travis Block
- StemBioSys, Inc, 3463 Magic Drive, Suite 110, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Andre Monteiro da Rocha
- University of Michigan, Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Michigan Medicine, Internal Medicine-Cardiology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Todd J. Herron
- University of Michigan, Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Michigan Medicine, Internal Medicine-Cardiology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Michigan Medicine, Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Sherbini AE, Liblik K, Lee J, Baranchuk A, Zhang S, El-Diasty M. Opioids-Induced Inhibition of HERG Ion Channels and Sudden Cardiac Death, A Systematic Review of Current Literature. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2023:S1050-1738(23)00040-3. [PMID: 37015297 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is estimated that over 60 million individuals regularly use opioids globally, with opioid use disorder increasing substantially in the past decade. Several reports have linked sudden cardiac death, QTc prolongation, and other adverse cardiovascular outcomes with opioid use through their inhibitory effect on the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) ion channel. Therefore, understanding this underlying mechanism may be critical for risk prevention and management in prescribing opioids and treating patients with opioid dependency. AIM The present systematic review summarizes the current literature on the impact of opioids-induced inhibition of HERG channel function and its relationship with sudden cardiac death, QTc prolongation, and other cardiovascular adverse effects. METHODS A systematic review was conducted of the databases PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov of primary studies that reported the effects of opioids on HERG channel function and associated cardiovascular outcomes. RESULTS The search identified 1,546 studies, of which 12 were finally included for data extraction. Based on the current literature, methadone, oliceridine, l-α-acetylmethadol (LAAM), and fentanyl were found to inhibit the HERG channel function and were associated with QTc prolongation. However, other opioids such as morphine, codeine, tramadol, and buprenorphine were not associated with inhibition of HERG channels or QTc prolongation. Additional cardiac outcomes associated with opioid related HERG channels dysfunction included sudden cardiac death and torsade de pointes. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that certain opioid consumption may result in the inhibition of HERG channels, subsequently prolonging the QTc interval and increasing patient susceptibility to sudden cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adham El Sherbini
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kiera Liblik
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON
| | - Junsu Lee
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Baranchuk
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Shetuan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammad El-Diasty
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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7
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Soepriatna AH, Navarrete-Welton A, Kim TY, Daley MC, Bronk P, Kofron CM, Mende U, Coulombe KLK, Choi BR. Action potential metrics and automated data analysis pipeline for cardiotoxicity testing using optically mapped hiPSC-derived 3D cardiac microtissues. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280406. [PMID: 36745602 PMCID: PMC9901774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiac microtissues provide a unique opportunity for cardiotoxic assessment of pharmaceutical and environmental compounds. Here, we developed a series of automated data processing algorithms to assess changes in action potential (AP) properties for cardiotoxicity testing in 3D engineered cardiac microtissues generated from hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Purified hiPSC-CMs were mixed with 5-25% human cardiac fibroblasts (hCFs) under scaffold-free conditions and allowed to self-assemble into 3D spherical microtissues in 35-microwell agarose gels. Optical mapping was performed to quantify electrophysiological changes. To increase throughput, AP traces from 4x4 cardiac microtissues were simultaneously acquired with a voltage sensitive dye and a CMOS camera. Individual microtissues showing APs were identified using automated thresholding after Fourier transforming traces. An asymmetric least squares method was used to correct non-uniform background and baseline drift, and the fluorescence was normalized (ΔF/F0). Bilateral filtering was applied to preserve the sharpness of the AP upstroke. AP shape changes under selective ion channel block were characterized using AP metrics including stimulation delay, rise time of AP upstroke, APD30, APD50, APD80, APDmxr (maximum rate change of repolarization), and AP triangulation (APDtri = APDmxr-APD50). We also characterized changes in AP metrics under various ion channel block conditions with multi-class logistic regression and feature extraction using principal component analysis of human AP computer simulations. Simulation results were validated experimentally with selective pharmacological ion channel blockers. In conclusion, this simple and robust automated data analysis pipeline for evaluating key AP metrics provides an excellent in vitro cardiotoxicity testing platform for a wide range of environmental and pharmaceutical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin H. Soepriatna
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Allison Navarrete-Welton
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Tae Yun Kim
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Mark C. Daley
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Peter Bronk
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Celinda M. Kofron
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Ulrike Mende
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Kareen L. K. Coulombe
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Bum-Rak Choi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Pan D, Li B, Wang S. Establishment and validation of a torsade de pointes prediction model based on human iPSC‑derived cardiomyocytes. Exp Ther Med 2022; 25:61. [PMID: 36588805 PMCID: PMC9780517 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced cardiotoxicity is one of the main causes of drug failure, which leads to subsequent withdrawal from pharmaceutical development. Therefore, identifying the potential toxic candidate in the early stages of drug development is important. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are a useful tool for assessing candidate compounds for arrhythmias. However, a suitable model using hiPSC-CMs to predict the risk of torsade de pointes (TdP) has not been fully established. The present study aimed to establish a predictive TdP model based on hiPSC-CMs. In the current study, 28 compounds recommended by the Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) were used as training set and models were established in different risk groups, high- and intermediate-risk versus low-risk groups. Subsequently, six endpoints of electrophysiological responses were used as potential model predictors. Accuracy, sensitivity and area under the curve (AUC) were used as evaluation indices of the models and seven compounds with known TdP risk were used to verify model differentiation and calibration. The results showed that among the seven models, the AUC of logistic regression and AdaBoost model was higher and had little difference in both training and test sets, which indicated that the discriminative ability and model stability was good and excellent, respectively. Therefore, these two models were taken as submodels, similar weight was configured and a new TdP risk prediction model was constructed using a soft voting strategy. The classification accuracy, sensitivity and AUC of the new model were 0.93, 0.95 and 0.92 on the training set, respectively and all 1.00 on the test set, which indicated good discrimination ability on both training and test sets. The risk threshold was defined as 0.50 and the consistency between the predicted and observed results were 92.8 and 100% on the training and test sets, respectively. Overall, the present study established a risk prediction model for TdP based on hiPSC-CMs which could be an effective predictive tool for compound-induced arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Pan
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China,National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China,National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - Sanlong Wang
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100176, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Sanlong Wang, National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, A8 Hongda Middle Street, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
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9
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Jimenez-Vazquez EN, Jain A, Jones DK. Enhancing iPSC-CM Maturation Using a Matrigel-Coated Micropatterned PDMS Substrate. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e601. [PMID: 36383047 PMCID: PMC9710304 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac myocytes isolated from adult heart tissue have a rod-like shape with highly organized intracellular structures. Cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs), on the other hand, exhibit disorganized structure and contractile mechanics, reflecting their pronounced immaturity. These characteristics hamper research using iPSC-CMs. The protocol described here enhances iPSC-CM maturity and function by controlling the cellular shape and environment of the cultured cells. Microstructured silicone membranes function as a cell culture substrate that promotes cellular alignment. iPSC-CMs cultured on micropatterned membranes display an in-vivo-like rod-shaped morphology. This physiological cellular morphology along with the soft biocompatible silicone substrate, which has similar stiffness to the native cardiac matrix, promotes maturation of contractile function, calcium handling, and electrophysiology. Incorporating this technique for enhanced iPSC-CM maturation will help bridge the gap between animal models and clinical care, and ultimately improve personalized medicine for cardiovascular diseases. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Cardiomyocyte differentiation of iPSCs Basic Protocol 2: Purification of differentiated iPSC-CMs using MACS negative selection Basic Protocol 3: Micropatterning on PDMS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhilasha Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School
| | - David K. Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School
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10
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Yang X, Ribeiro AJS, Pang L, Strauss DG. Use of Human iPSC-CMs in Nonclinical Regulatory Studies for Cardiac Safety Assessment. Toxicol Sci 2022; 190:117-126. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) provide a human-relevant platform for cardiac function assessment. Alternative assays using hiPSC-CMs are increasingly being employed for regulatory decision-making. A retrospective review revealed steady use of hiPSC-CM-based in vitro assays in nonclinical studies of drug-induced cardiotoxicity in regulatory submissions to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Most of the hiPSC-CMs data were obtained in exploratory studies and submitted as supportive evidence in concordance with other nonclinical data. Some of those studies were used to inform clinical trial design. This article provides an overview of the use of hiPSC-CMs in regulatory applications to FDA, with a focus on the integration of human-relevant in vitro data into proarrhythmic and non-proarrhythmic risk assessment. By identifying the regulatory submissions including hiPSC-CMs data, we explore their utility and discuss their limitations for predicting human cardiac safety in clinical trials. An important take-home message is that regulatory acceptance of hiPSC-CMs data is dependent on both the context of use and accurate data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Office of Cardiology, Hematology, Endocrinology, & Nephrology, Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland 20903, USA
| | - Alexandre J S Ribeiro
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland 20903, USA
| | - Li Pang
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Jefferson, Arizona 72079, USA
| | - David G Strauss
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland 20903, USA
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11
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Daley MC, Mende U, Choi BR, McMullen PD, Coulombe KLK. Beyond pharmaceuticals: Fit-for-purpose new approach methodologies for environmental cardiotoxicity testing. ALTEX 2022; 40:103-116. [PMID: 35648122 PMCID: PMC10502740 DOI: 10.14573/altex.2109131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Environmental factors play a substantial role in determining cardiovascular health, but data informing the risks presented by environmental toxicants is insufficient. In vitro new approach methodologies (NAMs) offer a promising approach with which to address the limitations of traditional in vivo and in vitro assays for assessing cardiotoxicity. Driven largely by the needs of pharmaceutical toxicity testing, considerable progress in developing NAMs for cardiotoxicity analysis has already been made. As the scientific and regulatory interest in NAMs for environmental chemicals continues to grow, a thorough understanding of the unique features of environmental cardiotoxicants and their associated cardiotoxicities is needed. Here, we review the key characteristics of as well as important regulatory and biological considerations for fit-for-purpose NAMs for environmental cardiotoxicity. By emphasizing the challenges and opportunities presented by NAMs for environmental cardiotoxicity we hope to accelerate their development, acceptance, and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Daley
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ulrike Mende
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Bum-Rak Choi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Kareen L K Coulombe
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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12
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Li Y, Lang S, Akin I, Zhou X, El-Battrawy I. Brugada Syndrome: Different Experimental Models and the Role of Human Cardiomyocytes From Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e024410. [PMID: 35322667 PMCID: PMC9075459 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.024410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited and rare cardiac arrhythmogenic disease associated with an increased risk of ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. Different genes have been linked to BrS. The majority of mutations are located in the SCN5A gene, and the typical abnormal ECG is an elevation of the ST segment in the right precordial leads V1 to V3. The pathophysiological mechanisms of BrS were studied in different models, including animal models, heterologous expression systems, and human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte models. Currently, only a few BrS studies have used human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, most of which have focused on genotype-phenotype correlations and drug screening. The combination of new technologies, such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 (CRISPR associated protein 9)-mediated genome editing and 3-dimensional engineered heart tissues, has provided novel insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease and could offer opportunities to improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients with BrS. This review aimed to compare different models of BrS for a better understanding of the roles of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in current BrS research and personalized medicine at a later stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingrui Li
- First Department of Medicine Medical Faculty Mannheim University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM)University of Heidelberg Mannheim Germany
| | - Siegfried Lang
- First Department of Medicine Medical Faculty Mannheim University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM)University of Heidelberg Mannheim Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- First Department of Medicine Medical Faculty Mannheim University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM)University of Heidelberg Mannheim Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- First Department of Medicine Medical Faculty Mannheim University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM)University of Heidelberg Mannheim Germany.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Institute of Cardiovascular Research Southwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan China.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim Mannheim Germany
| | - Ibrahim El-Battrawy
- First Department of Medicine Medical Faculty Mannheim University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM)University of Heidelberg Mannheim Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim Mannheim Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology Bergmannsheil Bochum Medical Clinic II Ruhr University Bochum Germany
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13
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Human iPSC-Cardiomyocytes as an Experimental Model to Study Epigenetic Modifiers of Electrophysiology. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020200. [PMID: 35053315 PMCID: PMC8774228 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic landscape and the responses to pharmacological epigenetic regulators in each human are unique. Classes of epigenetic writers and erasers, such as histone acetyltransferases, HATs, and histone deacetylases, HDACs, control DNA acetylation/deacetylation and chromatin accessibility, thus exerting transcriptional control in a tissue- and person-specific manner. Rapid development of novel pharmacological agents in clinical testing—HDAC inhibitors (HDACi)—targets these master regulators as common means of therapeutic intervention in cancer and immune diseases. The action of these epigenetic modulators is much less explored for cardiac tissue, yet all new drugs need to be tested for cardiotoxicity. To advance our understanding of chromatin regulation in the heart, and specifically how modulation of DNA acetylation state may affect functional electrophysiological responses, human-induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) technology can be leveraged as a scalable, high-throughput platform with ability to provide patient-specific insights. This review covers relevant background on the known roles of HATs and HDACs in the heart, the current state of HDACi development, applications, and any adverse cardiac events; it also summarizes relevant differential gene expression data for the adult human heart vs. hiPSC-CMs along with initial transcriptional and functional results from using this new experimental platform to yield insights on epigenetic control of the heart. We focus on the multitude of methodologies and workflows needed to quantify responses to HDACis in hiPSC-CMs. This overview can help highlight the power and the limitations of hiPSC-CMs as a scalable experimental model in capturing epigenetic responses relevant to the human heart.
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14
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Aguayo-Ortiz R, Creech J, Jiménez-Vázquez EN, Guerrero-Serna G, Wang N, da Rocha AM, Herron TJ, Espinoza-Fonseca LM. A multiscale approach for bridging the gap between potency, efficacy, and safety of small molecules directed at membrane proteins. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16580. [PMID: 34400719 PMCID: PMC8368179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins constitute a substantial fraction of the human proteome, thus representing a vast source of therapeutic drug targets. Indeed, newly devised technologies now allow targeting "undruggable" regions of membrane proteins to modulate protein function in the cell. Despite the advances in technology, the rapid translation of basic science discoveries into potential drug candidates targeting transmembrane protein domains remains challenging. We address this issue by harmonizing single molecule-based and ensemble-based atomistic simulations of ligand-membrane interactions with patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based experiments to gain insights into drug delivery, cellular efficacy, and safety of molecules directed at membrane proteins. In this study, we interrogated the pharmacological activation of the cardiac Ca2+ pump (Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, SERCA2a) in human iPSC-derived cardiac cells as a proof-of-concept model. The combined computational-experimental approach serves as a platform to explain the differences in the cell-based activity of candidates with similar functional profiles, thus streamlining the identification of drug-like candidates that directly target SERCA2a activation in human cardiac cells. Systematic cell-based studies further showed that a direct SERCA2a activator does not induce cardiotoxic pro-arrhythmogenic events in human cardiac cells, demonstrating that pharmacological stimulation of SERCA2a activity is a safe therapeutic approach targeting the heart. Overall, this novel multiscale platform encompasses organ-specific drug potency, efficacy, and safety, and opens new avenues to accelerate the bench-to-patient research aimed at designing effective therapies directed at membrane protein domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Aguayo-Ortiz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jeffery Creech
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Eric N Jiménez-Vázquez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Guadalupe Guerrero-Serna
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nulang Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Andre Monteiro da Rocha
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Todd J Herron
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- CARTOX, Inc., 56655 Grand River Ave., PO Box 304, New Hudson, MI, 48165, USA
| | - L Michel Espinoza-Fonseca
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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15
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Eldin AJ, Akinci B, da Rocha AM, Meral R, Simsir IY, Adiyaman SC, Ozpelit E, Bhave N, Gen R, Yurekli B, Kutbay NO, Siklar Z, Neidert AH, Hench R, Tayeh MK, Innis JW, Jalife J, Oral H, Oral EA. Cardiac phenotype in familial partial lipodystrophy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2021; 94:1043-1053. [PMID: 33502018 PMCID: PMC9003538 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES LMNA variants have been previously associated with cardiac abnormalities independent of lipodystrophy. We aimed to assess cardiac impact of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) to understand the role of laminopathy in cardiac manifestations. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Clinical data from 122 patients (age range: 13-77, 101 females) with FPLD were analysed. Mature human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) from a patient with an LMNA variant were studied as proof-of-concept for future studies. RESULTS Subjects with LMNA variants had a higher prevalence of overall cardiac events than others. The likelihood of having an arrhythmia was significantly higher in patients with LMNA variants (OR: 3.77, 95% CI: 1.45-9.83). These patients were at higher risk for atrial fibrillation or flutter (OR: 5.78, 95% CI: 1.04-32.16). The time to the first arrhythmia was significantly shorter in the LMNA group, with a higher HR of 3.52 (95% CI: 1.34-9.27). Non-codon 482 LMNA variants were more likely to be associated with cardiac events (vs. 482 LMNA: OR: 4.74, 95% CI: 1.41-15.98 for arrhythmia; OR: 17.67, 95% CI: 2.45-127.68 for atrial fibrillation or flutter; OR: 5.71, 95% CI: 1.37-23.76 for conduction disease). LMNA mutant hiPSC-CMs showed a higher frequency of spontaneous activity and shorter action potential duration. Functional syncytia of hiPSC-CMs displayed several rhythm alterations such as early afterdepolarizations, spontaneous quiescence and spontaneous tachyarrhythmia, and significantly slower recovery in chronotropic changes induced by isoproterenol exposure. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the need for vigilant cardiac monitoring in FPLD, especially in patients with LMNA variants who have an increased risk of developing cardiac arrhythmias. In addition, hiPSC-CMs can be studied to understand the basic mechanisms for the arrhythmias in patients with lipodystrophy to understand the impact of specific mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelwahab Jalal Eldin
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes (MEND), Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Baris Akinci
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes (MEND), Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Andre Monteiro da Rocha
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rasimcan Meral
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes (MEND), Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ilgin Yildirim Simsir
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Cem Adiyaman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ebru Ozpelit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nicole Bhave
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ramazan Gen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Banu Yurekli
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nilufer Ozdemir Kutbay
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Siklar
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adam H. Neidert
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes (MEND), Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rita Hench
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes (MEND), Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marwan K. Tayeh
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey W. Innis
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jose Jalife
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Section, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hakan Oral
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elif A. Oral
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes (MEND), Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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16
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Davis J, Chouman A, Creech J, Monteiro da Rocha A, Ponce-Balbuena D, Jimenez Vazquez EN, Nichols R, Lozhkin A, Madamanchi NR, Campbell KF, Herron TJ. In vitro model of ischemic heart failure using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. JCI Insight 2021; 6:134368. [PMID: 33878037 PMCID: PMC8262347 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.134368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have been used extensively to model inherited heart diseases, but hiPSC-CM models of ischemic heart disease are lacking. Here, our objective was to generate an hiPSC-CM model of ischemic heart disease. To this end, hiPSCs were differentiated into functional hiPSC-CMs and then purified using either a simulated ischemia media or by using magnetic antibody-based purification targeting the nonmyocyte population for depletion from the cell population. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that each purification approach generated hiPSC-CM cultures that had more than 94% cTnT+ cells. After purification, hiPSC-CMs were replated as confluent syncytial monolayers for electrophysiological phenotype analysis and protein expression by Western blotting. The phenotype of metabolic stress-selected hiPSC-CM monolayers recapitulated many of the functional and structural hallmarks of ischemic CMs, including elevated diastolic calcium, diminished calcium transient amplitude, prolonged action potential duration, depolarized resting membrane potential, hypersensitivity to chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, depressed SERCA2a expression, reduced maximal oxygen consumption rate, and abnormal response to β1-adrenergic receptor stimulation. These findings indicate that metabolic selection of hiPSC-CMs generated cell populations with phenotype similar to what is well known to occur in the setting of ischemic heart failure and thus provide a opportunity for study of human ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Davis
- Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Ahmad Chouman
- Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Jeffery Creech
- Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Andre Monteiro da Rocha
- Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine.,Center for Arrhythmia Research.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Andrey Lozhkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
| | | | - Katherine F Campbell
- Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine.,Center for Arrhythmia Research
| | - Todd J Herron
- Frankel Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine.,Center for Arrhythmia Research.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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17
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Burnett SD, Blanchette AD, Chiu WA, Rusyn I. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes as an in vitro model in toxicology: strengths and weaknesses for hazard identification and risk characterization. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:887-902. [PMID: 33612039 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1894122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes is one of the most widely used cell-based models that resulted from the discovery of how non-embryonic stem cells can be differentiated into multiple cell types. In just one decade, iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes went from a research lab to widespread use in biomedical research and preclinical safety evaluation for drugs and other chemicals. AREAS COVERED This manuscript reviews data on toxicology applications of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. We detail the outcome of a systematic literature search on their use (i) in hazard assessment for cardiotoxicity liabilities, (ii) for risk characterization, (iii) as models for population variability, and (iv) in studies of personalized medicine and disease. EXPERT OPINION iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes are useful to increase the accuracy, precision, and efficiency of cardiotoxicity hazard identification for both drugs and non-pharmaceuticals, with recent efforts beginning to demonstrate their utility for risk characterization. Notable limitations include the needs to improve the maturation of cells in culture, to better understand their potential use identifying structural cardiotoxicity, and for additional case studies involving population-wide and disease-specific risk characterization. Ultimately, the greatest future benefits are likely for non-pharmaceutical chemicals, filling a critical gap where no routine testing for cardiotoxicity is currently performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Burnett
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Alexander D Blanchette
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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18
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Wang H, Li H, Wei X, Zhang T, Xiang Y, Fang J, Wu P, Xie X, Wang P, Hu N. Recognition of high-specificity hERG K+ channel inhibitor-induced arrhythmia in cardiomyocytes by automated template matching. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:24. [PMID: 34567738 PMCID: PMC8433465 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death in humans. Arrhythmia induced by gene mutations, heart disease, or hERG K+ channel inhibitors is a serious CVD that can lead to sudden death or heart failure. Conventional cardiomyocyte-based biosensors can record extracellular potentials and mechanical beating signals. However, parameter extraction and examination by the naked eye are the traditional methods for analyzing arrhythmic beats, and it is difficult to achieve automated and efficient arrhythmic recognition with these methods. In this work, we developed a unique automated template matching (ATM) cardiomyocyte beating model to achieve arrhythmic recognition at the single beat level with an interdigitated electrode impedance detection system. The ATM model was established based on a rhythmic template with a data length that was dynamically adjusted to match the data length of the target beat by spline interpolation. The performance of the ATM model under long-term astemizole, droperidol, and sertindole treatment at different doses was determined. The results indicated that the ATM model based on a random rhythmic template of a signal segment obtained after astemizole treatment presented a higher recognition accuracy (100% for astemizole treatment and 99.14% for droperidol and sertindole treatment) than the ATM model based on arrhythmic multitemplates. We believe this highly specific ATM method based on a cardiomyocyte beating model has the potential to be used for arrhythmia screening in the fields of cardiology and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, School of Electronics and Information Technology, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Hongbo Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, School of Electronics and Information Technology, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Xinwei Wei
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Tao Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, School of Electronics and Information Technology, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Yuting Xiang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655 China
| | - Jiaru Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, School of Electronics and Information Technology, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Peiran Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, School of Electronics and Information Technology, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Xi Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, School of Electronics and Information Technology, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Ping Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050 China
| | - Ning Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, School of Electronics and Information Technology, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050 China
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19
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Abstract
Inherited cardiac arrhythmias contribute substantially to sudden cardiac death in the young. The underlying pathophysiology remains incompletely understood because of the lack of representative study models and the labour-intensive nature of electrophysiological patch clamp experiments. Whereas patch clamp is still considered the gold standard for investigating electrical properties in a cell, optical mapping of voltage and calcium transients has paved the way for high-throughput studies. Moreover, the development of human-induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) has enabled the study of patient specific cell lines capturing the full genomic background. Nevertheless, hiPSC-CMs do not fully address the complex interactions between various cell types in the heart. Studies using in vivo models, are therefore necessary. Given the analogies between the human and zebrafish cardiovascular system, zebrafish has emerged as a cost-efficient model for arrhythmogenic diseases. In this review, we describe how hiPSC-CM and zebrafish are employed as models to study primary electrical disorders. We provide an overview of the contemporary electrophysiological phenotyping tools and discuss in more depth the different strategies available for optical mapping. We consider the current advantages and disadvantages of both hiPSC-CM and zebrafish as a model and optical mapping as phenotyping tool and propose strategies for further improvement. Overall, the combination of experimental readouts at cellular (hiPSC-CM) and whole organ (zebrafish) level can raise our understanding of the complexity of inherited cardiac arrhythmia disorders to the next level.
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20
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Human perinatal stem cell derived extracellular matrix enables rapid maturation of hiPSC-CM structural and functional phenotypes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19071. [PMID: 33149250 PMCID: PMC7643060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The immature phenotype of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) is a major limitation to the use of these valuable cells for pre-clinical toxicity testing and for disease modeling. Here we tested the hypothesis that human perinatal stem cell derived extracellular matrix (ECM) promotes hiPSC-CM maturation to a greater extent than mouse cell derived ECM. We refer to the human ECM as Matrix Plus (Matrix Plus) and compare effects to commercially available mouse ECM (Matrigel). hiPSC-CMs cultured on Matrix Plus mature functionally and structurally seven days after thaw from cryopreservation. Mature hiPSC-CMs showed rod-shaped morphology, highly organized sarcomeres, elevated cTnI expression and mitochondrial distribution and function like adult cardiomyocytes. Matrix Plus also promoted mature hiPSC-CM electrophysiological function and monolayers' response to hERG ion channel specific blocker was Torsades de Pointes (TdP) reentrant arrhythmia activations in 100% of tested monolayers. Importantly, Matrix Plus enabled high throughput cardiotoxicity screening using mature human cardiomyocytes with validation utilizing reference compounds recommended for the evolving Comprehensive In Vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) coordinated by the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI). Matrix Plus offers a solution to the commonly encountered problem of hiPSC-CM immaturity that has hindered implementation of these human based cell assays for pre-clinical drug discovery.
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21
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Gintant G, Kaushik EP, Feaster T, Stoelzle-Feix S, Kanda Y, Osada T, Smith G, Czysz K, Kettenhofen R, Lu HR, Cai B, Shi H, Herron TJ, Dang Q, Burton F, Pang L, Traebert M, Abassi Y, Pierson JB, Blinova K. Repolarization studies using human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes: Validation studies and best practice recommendations. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 117:104756. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Clinical and Research Tools for the Study of Cardiovascular Effects of Cancer Therapy. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2020; 13:417-430. [PMID: 32472498 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-10030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The expansion of cancer therapeutics has paved the way for improved cancer-related outcomes. Cardiotoxicity from cancer therapy occurs in a small but significant subset of patients, is often poorly understood, and contributes to adverse outcomes at all stages of cancer treatment. Given the often-idiopathic occurrence of cardiotoxicity, novel strategies are needed for risk-stratification and early identification of cancer patients experiencing cardiotoxicity. Clinical and research tools extending from imaging to blood-based biomarkers and pluripotent stem cells are being explored as methods to study the cardiovascular impact of various cancer treatments. Here we provide an overview of tools currently available for evaluation of cardiotoxicity and highlight novel techniques in development aimed at understanding underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms.
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