1
|
Li L, Liang C, Zhang W, Zhang X, Yu H, Liu X, Bi Q, Wang L. 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 7 from Xanthoceras sorbifolium seeds is a crucial regulatory enzyme for nervonic acid biosynthesis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 347:112184. [PMID: 38996874 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Nervonic acid (C24:1) is a very-long-chain fatty acid that plays an imperative role in human brain development and other health benefits. In plants, 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) is the key rate-limiting enzyme for C24:1 biosynthesis. Xanthoceras sorbifolium is a valuable oil-producing economic woody species with abundant C24:1 in seed oils, but the key KCS gene responsible for C24:1 accumulation remains unknown. In this work, a correlation analysis between the transcript profiles of KCS and dynamic change of C24:1 content in developing seeds of X. sorbifolium were conducted to screen out three members of KCS, namely XsKCS4, XsKCS7 and XsKCS8, potentially involved in C24:1 biosynthesis. Of which, the XsKCS7 was highly expressed in developing seeds, while XsKCS4 and XsKCS8 displayed the highest expression in fruits and flowers, respectively. Overexpression of XsKCS4, XsKCS7 and XsKCS8 in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and plant Arabidopsis thaliana indicated that only XsKCS7 possessed the ability to facilitate the biosynthesis of C24:1. These findings collectively suggested that XsKCS7 played a crucial role in specific regulation of C24:1 biosynthesis in X. sorbifolium seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linkun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Chongjun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Haiyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Quanxin Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Libing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yan L, Fang H, Liang Y, Wang Y, Ren F, Xie X, Wu D. Transcriptome analyses of Acer Truncatum Bunge seeds to delineate the genes involved in fatty acid metabolism. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:605. [PMID: 38886635 PMCID: PMC11181630 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acer truncatum Bunge is an economic, ecological, oil, and medicinal tree, and its kernel oil is rich in nervonic acid. It is crucial to explore the transcriptional expression patterns of genes affecting fatty acid synthesis to improve the quality of Acer truncatum oil. RESULTS This study used the seeds from high fatty acid strain YQC and those from low fatty acid strain Y38 as the test materials. Specifically, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of Y38 seeds and YQC to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at two time points (seeds 30 days after the blooming period and 90 days after the blooming period). Compared with YQC_1 (YQC seeds at 30 days after the blooming period), a total of 3,618 DEGs were identified, including 2,333 up-regulated and 1,285 downregulated DEGs in Y38_1 (Y38 seeds at 30 days after blooming period). In the Y38_2 (Y38 seeds at 90 days after the blooming period) versus YQC_2 (YQC seeds at 90 days after the blooming period) comparison group, 9,340 genes were differentially expressed, including 5,422 up-regulated and 3,918 down-regulated genes. The number of DEGs in Y38 compared to YQC was significantly higher in the late stages of seed development. Gene functional enrichment analyses showed that the DEGs were mainly involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. And two fatty acid synthesis-related genes and seven nervonic acid synthesis-related genes were validated by qRT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a basis for further research on biosynthesizing fatty acids and nervonic acidnervonic acids in A. truncatum seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetic Improvement, Shandong Provincial Academy of Forestry, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongcheng Fang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetic Improvement, Shandong Provincial Academy of Forestry, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yinhua Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetic Improvement, Shandong Provincial Academy of Forestry, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Ren
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetic Improvement, Shandong Provincial Academy of Forestry, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoman Xie
- Shandong Provincial Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources Center, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Dejun Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetic Improvement, Shandong Provincial Academy of Forestry, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Y, Kong F, Wu S, Song W, Shao Y, Kang M, Chen T, Peng L, Shu Q. Integrated analysis of metabolome, transcriptome, and bioclimatic factors of Acer truncatum seeds reveals key candidate genes related to unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, and potentially optimal production area. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:284. [PMID: 38627650 PMCID: PMC11020666 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04936-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipids found in plant seeds are essential for controlling seed dormancy, dispersal, and defenses against biotic and abiotic stress. Additionally, these lipids provide nutrition and energy and are therefore important to the human diet as edible oils. Acer truncatum, which belongs to the Aceaceae family, is widely cultivated around the world for its ornamental value. Further because its seed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs)- i.e. α-linolenic acid (ALA) and nervonic acid (NA)- and because it has been validated as a new food resource in China, the importance of A. truncatum has greatly risen. However, it remains unknown how UFAs are biosynthesized during the growth season, to what extent environmental factors impact their content, and what areas are potentially optimal for their production. RESULTS In this study, transcriptome and metabolome of A. truncatum seeds at three representative developmental stages was used to find the accumulation patterns of all major FAs. Cumulatively, 966 metabolites and 87,343 unigenes were detected; the differential expressed unigenes and metabolites were compared between stages as follows: stage 1 vs. 2, stage 1 vs. 3, and stage 2 vs. 3 seeds, respectively. Moreover, 13 fatty acid desaturases (FADs) and 20 β-ketoacyl-CoA synthases (KCSs) were identified, among which the expression level of FAD3 (Cluster-7222.41455) and KCS20 (Cluster-7222.40643) were consistent with the metabolic results of ALA and NA, respectively. Upon analysis of the geographical origin-affected diversity from 17 various locations, we found significant variation in phenotypes and UFA content. Notably, in this study we found that 7 bioclimatic variables showed considerable influence on FAs contents in A. truncatum seeds oil, suggesting their significance as critical environmental parameters. Ultimately, we developed a model for potentially ecological suitable regions in China. CONCLUSION This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between metabolome and transcriptome in A. truncatum at various developmental stages of seeds and a new strategy to enhance seed FA content, especially ALA and NA. This is particularly significant in meeting the increasing demands for high-quality edible oil for human consumption. The study offers a scientific basis for A. truncatum's novel utilization as a woody vegetable oil rather than an ornamental plant, potentially expanding its cultivation worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Fan Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shangwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenjin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Min Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai'an, 271002, China
| | - Liping Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Qingyan Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu F, Lu Z, Lu T, Shi M, Wang H, Wu R, Cao J, Su E, Ma X. Metabolic engineering of oleaginous yeast in the lipogenic phase enhances production of nervonic acid. Metab Eng 2023; 80:193-206. [PMID: 37827446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient biosynthesis efficiency during the lipogenic phase can be a major obstacle to engineering oleaginous yeasts to overproduce very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). Taking nervonic acid (NA, C24:1) as an example, we overcame the bottleneck to overproduce NA in an engineered Rhodosporidium toruloides by improving the biosynthesis of VLCFAs during the lipogenic phase. First, evaluating the catalytic preferences of three plant-derived ketoacyl-CoA synthases (KCSs) rationally guided reconstructing an efficient NA biosynthetic pathway in R. toruloides. More importantly, a genome-wide transcriptional analysis endowed clues to strengthen the fatty acid elongation (FAE) module and identify/use lipogenic phase-activated promoter, collectively addressing the stagnation of NA accumulation during the lipogenic phase. The best-designed strain exhibited a high NA content (as the major component in total fatty acid [TFA], 46.3%) and produced a titer of 44.2 g/L in a 5 L bioreactor. The strategy developed here provides an engineering framework to establish the microbial process of producing valuable VLCFAs in oleaginous yeasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Liu
- Co-innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Department of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Bozhou University, Bozhou, 236800, China
| | - Zewei Lu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Co-innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Manman Shi
- Co-innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Co-innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Co-innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Co-innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Erzheng Su
- Co-innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Ma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang J, Zhang C, Li X, Liu ZY, Liu X, Wang CL. Comprehensive analysis of KCS gene family in pear reveals the involvement of PbrKCSs in cuticular wax and suberin synthesis and pear fruit skin formation. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s11103-023-01371-3. [PMID: 37523053 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Cuticular wax, cutin and suberin polyesters covering the surface of some fleshy fruit are tightly associated with skin color and appearance. β-Ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) is a rate-limiting enzyme participating in the synthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), the essential precursors of cuticular waxes and aliphatic monomers of suberin. However, information on the KCS gene family in pear genome and the specific members involved in pear fruit skin formation remain unclear. In the present study, we performed an investigation of the composition and amount of cuticular waxes, cutin and aliphatic suberin in skins of four sand pear varieties with distinct colors (russet, semi-russet, and green) and demonstrated that the metabolic shifts of cuticular waxes and suberin leading to the significant differences of sand pear skin color. A genome-wide identification of KCS genes from the pear genome was conducted and 35 KCS coding genes were characterized and analyzed. Expression profile analysis revealed that the KCS genes had diverse expression patterns among different pear skins and the transcript abundance of PbrKCS15, PbrKCS19, PbrKCS24, and PbrKCS28 were consistent with the accumulation of cuticular waxes and suberin in fruit skin respectively. Subcellular localization analysis demonstrated that PbrKCS15, PbrKCS19, PbrKCS24 and PbrKCS28 located on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Further, transient over-expression of PbrKCS15, PbrKCS19, and PbrKCS24 in pear fruit skins significantly increased cuticular wax accumulation, whereas PbrKCS28 notably induced suberin deposition. In conclusion, pear fruit skin color and appearance are controlled in a coordinated way by the deposition of the cuticular waxes and suberin. PbrKCS15, PbrKCS19, and PbrKCS24 are involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis, and PbrKCS28 is involved in suberin biosynthesis, which play essential roles in pear fruit skin formation. Moreover, this work provides a foundation for further understanding the functions of KCS genes in pear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Yu Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Lei Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Z, Liu S, Huo W, Chen M, Zhang Y, Jiang S. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal phenotype formation differences between russet and non-russet apples. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1057226. [PMID: 36426145 PMCID: PMC9678910 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1057226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The apple is an economically important fruit, and fruit russeting is not conducive to its appearance. Although studies have examined fruit russeting, its mechanism remains unclear. Two apple strains of the F1 hybrid population derived from 'Fuji' and 'Golden Delicious' were used in this study. We found that the skin of russet apples was rough and fissured, while that of non-russet apples was smooth and waxy. Chemical staining, LC- and GC-MS showed that both lignin and suberin were increased in russet apple skin. Meanwhile, genes involved in lignin and suberin synthetic pathways were upregulated in russet apple skin. Additionally, we found many differentially expressed genes (DEGs1) involved in hormone biosynthesis and signaling and stress responses in the two apple strains. We found that WRKY13 may influence russeting by regulating lignin synthesis. Our study identified several candidate metabolites and genes, which will provide a good foundation for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenping Huo
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Chen
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Yugang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Shenghui Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu F, Wu R, Ma X, Su E. The Advancements and Prospects of Nervonic Acid Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12772-12783. [PMID: 36166330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nervonic acid (NA) is a monounsaturated very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) and has been identified with critical biological functions in medical and health care for brain development and injury repair. Yet, the approaches to producing NA from the sources of plants or animals continue to pose challenges to meet increasing market demand, as they are generally associated with high costs, a lack of natural resources, a long life cycle, and low production efficiency. The recent technological advance in metabolic engineering allows us to precisely engineer oleaginous microbes to develop high-content NA-producing strains, which has the potential to provide a possible solution to produce NA on a commercial fermentation scale. In this Review, the biosynthetic pathway, natural sources, and metabolic engineering of NA are summarized. The strategies of metabolic engineering that could be adopted to modify oleaginous yeast to produce NA are discussed in detail, providing the prospecting views for the microbial cells producing NA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Liu
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Bozhou University, Bozhou 236800, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Erzheng Su
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Plant monounsaturated fatty acids: Diversity, biosynthesis, functions and uses. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 85:101138. [PMID: 34774919 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Monounsaturated fatty acids are straight-chain aliphatic monocarboxylic acids comprising a unique carbon‑carbon double bond, also termed unsaturation. More than 50 distinct molecular structures have been described in the plant kingdom, and more remain to be discovered. The evolution of land plants has apparently resulted in the convergent evolution of non-homologous enzymes catalyzing the dehydrogenation of saturated acyl chain substrates in a chemo-, regio- and stereoselective manner. Contrasted enzymatic characteristics and different subcellular localizations of these desaturases account for the diversity of existing fatty acid structures. Interestingly, the location and geometrical configuration of the unsaturation confer specific characteristics to these molecules found in a variety of membrane, storage, and surface lipids. An ongoing research effort aimed at exploring the links existing between fatty acid structures and their biological functions has already unraveled the importance of several monounsaturated fatty acids in various physiological and developmental contexts. What is more, the monounsaturated acyl chains found in the oils of seeds and fruits are widely and increasingly used in the food and chemical industries due to the physicochemical properties inherent in their structures. Breeders and plant biotechnologists therefore develop new crops with high monounsaturated contents for various agro-industrial purposes.
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu F, Wang P, Xiong X, Zeng X, Zhang X, Wu G. A Review of Nervonic Acid Production in Plants: Prospects for the Genetic Engineering of High Nervonic Acid Cultivars Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:626625. [PMID: 33747006 PMCID: PMC7973461 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.626625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Nervonic acid (NA) is a very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid that plays crucial roles in brain development and has attracted widespread research interest. The markets encouraged the development of a refined, NA-enriched plant oil as feedstocks for the needed further studies of NA biological functions to the end commercial application. Plant seed oils offer a renewable and environmentally friendly source of NA, but their industrial production is presently hindered by various factors. This review focuses on the NA biosynthesis and assembly, NA resources from plants, and the genetic engineering of NA biosynthesis in oil crops, discusses the factors that affect NA production in genetically engineered oil crops, and provides prospects for the application of NA and prospective trends in the engineering of NA. This review emphasizes the progress made toward various NA-related topics and explores the limitations and trends, thereby providing integrated and comprehensive insight into the nature of NA production mechanisms during genetic engineering. Furthermore, this report supports further work involving the manipulation of NA production through transgenic technologies and molecular breeding for the enhancement of crop nutritional quality or creation of plant biochemical factories to produce NA for use in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Pandi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhua Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Life Science and Technology Center, China National Seed Group Co. Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|