1
|
Tai B, Yu M, Li C, Fu X, Liu Q, Qian S, Chai X, Jiao S, Bai L, Pu C, Nala, Liu J, Gao J, Zheng H, Huang L. Functional characterization of sesquiterpene synthase in Mongolian medicine Syringa oblata in heartwood formation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108945. [PMID: 39059273 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Lilac (Syringa oblata) is a well-known horticultural plant, and its aromatic heartwood is widely utilized in Traditional Mongolian Medicine for treating angina. However, limited research on the dynamic changes and mechanisms of aromatic substance formation during heartwood development hinders the analysis and utilization of its medicinal components. In this study, volatile metabolome analysis revealed that sesquiterpenes are the primary metabolites responsible for the aroma in heartwood, with cadinane and eremophilane types being the most prevalent. Among the identified sesquiterpene synthases, SoSTPS1-5 exhibited significantly increased expression in heartwood formation and was selected for further investigation. Molecular docking simulations predicted multiple amino acid binding sites and confirmed its ability to catalyze the formation of eremophilane, copaene, cadinane, germacrane, and elemane-type sesquiterpenes from FPP (farnesyl pyrophosphate). Co-expression and promoter analysis suggested a transcriptional regulatory network primarily involving WRKY transcription factors. Additionally, aiotic and biotic stress inducers, such as Ag+, Fusarium oxysporum, and especially MeJA, were found to activate the expression of SoSTPS1-5 and promote sesquiterpene accumulation. This study provides insights into the basis of medicinal substance formation and the potential mechanisms of sesquiterpene accumulation in lilac heartwood, laying a foundation for future research on the biosynthesis and utilization of its medicinal components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Badalahu Tai
- Mongolian Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China; State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Muyao Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Chenyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xueqing Fu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shuyi Qian
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xingyun Chai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Shungang Jiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Laxinamujila Bai
- Mongolian Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Chunjuan Pu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Nala
- Mongolian Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jiaqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tang Q, Xu Y, Gao F, Xu Y, Cheng C, Deng C, Chen J, Yuan X, Zhang X, Su J. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the differential accumulation of phenylpropanoids and terpenoids in hemp autotetraploid and its diploid progenitor. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:616. [PMID: 38049730 PMCID: PMC10696708 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis sativa, a dioecious plant that has been cultivated worldwide for thousands of years, is known for its secondary metabolites, especially cannabinoids, which possess several medicinal effects. In this study, we investigated the autopolyploidization effects on the biosynthesis and accumulation of these metabolites, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed to explore the gene expression and metabolic variations in industrial hemp autotetraploids and their diploid progenitors. RESULTS Through these analyses, we obtained 1,663 differentially expressed metabolites and 1,103 differentially expressed genes. Integrative analysis revealed that phenylpropanoid and terpenoid biosynthesis were regulated by polyploidization. No substantial differences were found in the cannabidiol or tetrahydrocannabinol content between tetraploids and diploids. Following polyploidization, some transcription factors, including nine bHLH and eight MYB transcription factors, affected the metabolic biosynthesis as regulators. Additionally, several pivotal catalytic genes, such as flavonol synthase/flavanone 3-hydroxylase, related to the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway, were identified as being modulated by polyploidization. CONCLUSIONS This study enhances the overall understanding of the impact of autopolyploidization in C. sativa and the findings may encourage the application of polyploid breeding for increasing the content of important secondary metabolites in industrial hemp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
- Center for Industrial Hemp Science and Technology Innovation, Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Yunnan Academy of Industrial Hemp, Kunming, 650214, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Chaohua Cheng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
- Center for Industrial Hemp Science and Technology Innovation, Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Canhui Deng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Jiquan Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoge Yuan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Jianguang Su
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China.
- Center for Industrial Hemp Science and Technology Innovation, Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lan Y, Zhang K, Wang L, Liang X, Liu H, Zhang X, Jiang N, Wu M, Yan H, Xiang Y. The R2R3-MYB transcription factor OfMYB21 positively regulates linalool biosynthesis in Osmanthus fragrans flowers. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126099. [PMID: 37543267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Osmanthus fragrans is a well-known landscape ornamental tree species for its pleasing floral fragrance and abundance of flowers. Linalool, the core floral volatiles of O. fragrans, has tremendous economic value in the pharmaceuticals, cleaning products and cosmetics industries. However, the transcriptional regulatory network for the biosynthesis of linalool in O. fragrans remains unclear. Here, OfMYB21, a potential transcription factor regulating the linalool synthetase OfTPS2, was identified using RNA-seq data and qRT-PCR analysis. Yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase and EMSA showed that OfMYB21 directly binds to the promoter of OfTPS2 and activates its expression. Overexpression of OfMYB21 in the petals of O. fragrans led to up-regulation of OfTPS2 and increased accumulation of linalool, while silencing of OfMYB21 led to down-regulation of OfTPS2 and decreased biosynthesis of linalool. Subsequently, yeast two-hybrid, pull-down and BiFC experiments showed that OfMYB21 interacts with JA signaling factors OfJAZ2/3 and OfMYC2. Interestingly, the interaction between OfMYC2 and OfMYB21 further enhanced the transcription of OfTPS2, whereas OfJAZ3 attenuated this effect. Overall, our studies provided novel finding on the regulatory mechanisms responsible for the biosynthesis of the volatile monoterpenoid linalool in O. fragrans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangang Lan
- Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Kaimei Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Linna Wang
- Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Honxia Liu
- Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Nianqin Jiang
- Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Min Wu
- Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hanwei Yan
- Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang W, Wang MY, Zeng Y, Chen X, Wang X, Barrington AM, Tao J, Atkinson RG, Nieuwenhuizen NJ. The terpene synthase (TPS) gene family in kiwifruit shows high functional redundancy and a subset of TPS likely fulfil overlapping functions in fruit flavour, floral bouquet and defence. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2023; 3:9. [PMID: 37789478 PMCID: PMC10514967 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-023-00057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Volatile terpenes are important compounds that influence fruit flavour and aroma of kiwifruit. Terpenes in plants also impact on the floral bouquet and defence against pests and pathogens in leaves and fruit. To better understand the overlapping roles that terpenes may fulfil in plants, a systematic gene, chemical and biochemical analysis of terpenes and terpene synthases (TPS) was undertaken in Red5 kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.). Analysis of the Red5 genome shows it contains only 22 TPS gene models, of which fifteen encode full-length TPS. Thirteen TPS can account for the major terpene volatiles produced in different tissues of Red5 kiwifruit and in response to different stimuli. The small Red5 TPS family displays surprisingly high functional redundancy with five TPS producing linalool/nerolidol. Treatment of leaves and fruit with methyl jasmonate enhanced expression of a subset of defence-related TPS genes and stimulated the release of terpenes. Six TPS genes were induced upon herbivory of leaves by the economically important insect pest Ctenopseustis obliquana (brown-headed leaf roller) and emission, but not accumulation, of (E)- and (Z)-nerolidol was strongly linked to herbivory. Our results provide a framework to understand the overlapping biological and ecological roles of terpenes in Actinidia and other horticultural crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 China
| | - Mindy Y. Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yunliu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuyin Chen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Xiaoyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Anne M. Barrington
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jianmin Tao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Ross G. Atkinson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Niels J. Nieuwenhuizen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wen C, Zhang Z, Shi Q, Duan X, Du J, Wu C, Li X. Methyl Jasmonate- and Salicylic Acid-Induced Transcription Factor ZjWRKY18 Regulates Triterpenoid Accumulation and Salt Stress Tolerance in Jujube. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043899. [PMID: 36835319 PMCID: PMC9965381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Triterpenoids are important, pharmacologically active substances in jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), and play an important role in the plant's resistance to abiotic stress. However, regulation of their biosynthesis, and the underlying mechanism of their balance with stress resistance, remain poorly understood. In this study, we screened and functionally characterized the ZjWRKY18 transcription factor, which is associated with triterpenoid accumulation. The transcription factor is induced by methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid, and its activity was observed by gene overexpression and silencing experiments, combined with analyses of transcripts and metabolites. ZjWRKY18 gene silencing decreased the transcription of triterpenoid synthesis pathway genes and the corresponding triterpenoid content. Overexpression of the gene promoted the biosynthesis of jujube triterpenoids, as well as triterpenoids in tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana. In addition, ZjWRKY18 binds to W-box sequences to activate promoters of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase and farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, suggesting that ZjWRKY18 positively regulates the triterpenoid synthesis pathway. Overexpression of ZjWRKY18 also increased tolerance to salt stress in tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana. These results highlight the potential use of ZjWRKY18 to improve triterpenoid biosynthesis and salt stress tolerance in plants, and provide a strong basis for metabolic engineering to improve the content of triterpenoids and breeding of jujube varieties that are resistant to stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Wen
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Research Center for Jujube Engineering and Technology of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Qianqian Shi
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Research Center for Jujube Engineering and Technology of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xiaoshan Duan
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Research Center for Jujube Engineering and Technology of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jiangtao Du
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Cuiyun Wu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Xingang Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Research Center for Jujube Engineering and Technology of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang H, Zong C, Bai A, Yuan S, Li Y, Yu Z, Tian R, Liu T, Hou X, Li Y. Transcriptome sequencing and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses provide insights into β-caryophyllene biosynthesis in Brassica campestris. FOOD CHEMISTRY: MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2022; 5:100129. [PMID: 36060474 PMCID: PMC9428917 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
β-Caryophyllene (BCP) was detected in Brassica campestris. BCP content changed in cultivars during developmental stages and MeJA treatment. In the phylogenetic analysis, the TPSa gene subfamily was divided into four groups The potential regulatory and transporter network of BCP was constructed.
Sesquiterpenes are important defensive secondary metabolites and aroma components. However, limited information is available on the mechanism of sesquiterpene formation and composition in the non-heading Chinese cabbage (NHCC) leaf. Therefore, headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC–MS) combined with transcriptome analysis was used to study the mechanism of volatile organic compound formation. A total of 26 volatile organic compounds were identified in two NHCC cultivars ‘SZQ’ and ‘XQC’ and their F1 hybrids. Among these, sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene was identified only in ‘XQC’ and F1. Five genes encoding caryophyllene synthase were identified. The candidate β-caryophyllene synthase genes BcTPSa11 and BcTPSa21 had high expression levels only in ‘XQC’ and F1. In addition, several transcription factors of MYB-related, MYB, bHLH, and AP2/ERF families were identified by co-expression, suggesting that they regulate β-caryophyllene biosynthesis. Our results provide a molecular basis for sesquiterpene biosynthesis as well as insights into the regulatory network of β-caryophyllene in NHCC.
Collapse
|
7
|
Fan S, Jia Y, Wang R, Chen X, Liu W, Yu H. Multi-omics analysis the differences of VOCs terpenoid synthesis pathway in maintaining obligate mutualism between Ficus hirta Vahl and its pollinators. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1006291. [PMID: 36457527 PMCID: PMC9707799 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1006291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INRODUCTION Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by the receptive syconia of Ficus species is a key trait to attract their obligate pollinating fig wasps. Ficus hirta Vahl is a dioecious shrub, which is pollinated by a highly specialized symbiotic pollinator in southern China. Terpenoids are the main components of VOCs in F. hirta and play ecological roles in pollinator attraction, allelopathy, and plant defense. However, it remains unclear that what molecular mechanism difference in terpenoid synthesis pathways between pre-receptive stage (A-phase) and receptive stage (B-phase) of F. hirta syconia. METHODS Transcriptome, proteome and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) were applied here to analyze these difference. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Compared to A-phase syconia, the genes (ACAT2, HMGR3, GGPS2, HDR, GPS2, TPS2, TPS4, TPS10-4, TPS14) related to the terpenoid synthesis pathway had higher expression level in receptive syconia (B-phase) according to transcriptome sequencing. Seven differentially expressed transcription factors were screened, namely bHLH7, MYB1R1, PRE6, AIL1, RF2b, ANT, VRN1. Specifically, bHLH7 was only specifically expressed in B-phase. 235 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were mainly located in the cytoplasm and chloroplasts. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the DEPs were mainly enriched in the metabolic process. A total of 9 terpenoid synthesis proteins were identified in the proteome. Among them, 4 proteins in methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway were all down-regulated. Results suggested the synthesis of terpenoids precursors in B-phase bracts were mainly accomplished through the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway in cytoplasm. Correlation analysis between the transcriptome and proteome, we detected a total of 1082 transcripts/proteins, three of which are related to stress. From the VOCs analysis, the average percent of monoterpenoids emitted by A-phase and B-phase syconia were 8.29% and 37.08%, while those of sesquiterpenes were 88.43% and 55.02% respectively. Monoterpenes (camphene, myrcene, camphor, menthol) were only detected in VOCs of B-phase syconia. To attract pollinators, B-phase syconia of F. hirta need more monoterpenoids and less sesquiterpenes. We speculate that transcription factor bHLH7 may regulate the terpenoid synthesis pathway between A- and B-phase syconia. Our research provided the first global analysis of mechanism differences of terpenoid synthesis pathways between A and B phases in F. hirta syconia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songle Fan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxia Jia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanzhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jia M, Liu J, Zhou W, Hua J, Luo S. Antimicrobial diterpene induced by two gall-inducing adelgids coexisting on Picea koraiensis. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1601-1612. [PMID: 35405001 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism by which closely related species can coexist is a central factor in the stability of ecological communities. The larch adelgid (Adelges laricis laricis) and the eastern spruce adelgid (Adelges (Sacchiphantes) abietis) have both been found on the branches of Picea koraiensis in China. These two adelgids exhibit strong infectivity and readily induce the formation of 'fish scale-like' and 'pineapple-like' galls with branch parasitism rates of between 75.01 ± 7.03 and 88.02 ± 4.39%. Interestingly, the gall tissues in which these two gall-inducing insects were found to be coexisting were discovered at a rate of ~0.2% in the studied populations. The weight and number of gall chambers as well as the number of adelgids in the 'fish scale-like' side were higher than those in the 'pineapple-like' side. Furthermore, compared with the normal branches, a diterpene neoabietic acid was found at elevated concentrations in the gall tissues, with especially high concentrations seen in the tissues of the co-occupied galls. Neoabietic acid exhibited strong antibacterial activities against Bacillus spp. isolated from the branches of P. koraiensis, as well as potent antifungal activity against the hyphal growth of Fusarium graminearum JMY-1, which was obtained from the gall tissues. Our result provides evidence that the coexistence of the two closely related species could be explained by alterations of the host tissues by the insects resulting in increased concentrations of the antimicrobial agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Jia
- Key Laboratory of Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110866, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110866, China
| | | | - Juan Hua
- Key Laboratory of Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110866, China
| | - Shihong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110866, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Transcriptome analysis reveals regulation mechanism of methyl jasmonate-induced terpenes biosynthesis in Curcuma wenyujin. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270309. [PMID: 35737688 PMCID: PMC9223393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcuma wenyujin is the source plant of three traditional Chinese medicines, which have been widely used in clinical treatment over 1000 years. The content of terpenes, the major medicinal active ingredients, is relatively low in this plant. Studies have shown that MeJA can promote terpenes biosynthesis in plants. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of MeJA in C. wenyujin remains unclear. In this work, the transcriptome of C. wenyujin leaves with MeJA treatment was analyzed to elucidate the regulation mechanism of MeJA-mediated terpene biosynthesis. Based on the RNA-seq data, 7,246 unigenes were differentially expressed with MeJA treatment. Expression pattern clustering of DEGs revealed that unigenes, related to JA biosynthesis and signal transduction, responded to exogenous MeJA stimulation on the early stage and maintained throughout the process. Subsequently, unigenes related to terpene biosynthesis pathway showed a significant up-regulation with 6 h treatment. The analysis results suggested that MeJA induced the expression of JA biosynthesis genes (such as LOXs, AOSs, AOCs, OPRs, and MFPs) and JA signal transduction core genes (JAZs and MYCs) to activate JA signaling pathway. Meanwhile, downstream JA-responsive genes presented up-regulated expression levels such as AACT, HMGSs, HMGRs, DXSs, DXRs, MCTs, HDSs, and HDRs, thus promoting terpenes biosynthesis. The transcriptional expressions of these genes were validated by qRT-PCR. In addition, six CwTPS genes in response to MeJA were identified. With MeJA treatment, the expression levels of CwTPSs were increased as well as those of the transcription factors MYB, NAC, bZIP, WRKY, AP2/ERF, and HLH. These TFs might potentially regulate terpenes biosynthesis. These results provide insights for regulation mechanism of terpenes biosynthesis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Feng K, Kan XY, Li R, Yan YJ, Zhao SP, Wu P, Li LJ. Integrative Analysis of Long- and Short-Read Transcriptomes Identify the Regulation of Terpenoids Biosynthesis Under Shading Cultivation in Oenanthe javanica. Front Genet 2022; 13:813216. [PMID: 35464839 PMCID: PMC9022222 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.813216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) is a popular vegetable with high nutritional value and distinctive flavor. The flavor is mainly correlate with the biosynthesis of terpenoids. Shading cultivation was used to improve the flavor in the production of water dropwort. However, the changes of terpenoids and the genes involved in terpenoids biosynthesis under shading treatment remains unclear. In this study, the long- and short-reads transcriptomes of water dropwort were constructed. In total, 57,743 non-redundant high-quality transcripts were obtained from the transcriptome. 28,514 SSRs were identified from non-redundant transcripts and the mono-nucleotide repeats were the most abundant SSRs. The lncRNAs of water dropwort were recognized and their target genes were predicted. The volatile compound contents in petioles and leaf blades of water dropwort were decreased after the shading treatment. The DEGs analysis was performed to identify the terpenoids biosynthesis genes. The results indicated that 5,288 DEGs were differentially expressed in petiole, of which 22 DEGs were enriched in the terpenoids backbone biosynthesis pathway. A total of 12 DEGs in terpenoids biosynthesis pathway were selected and further verified by qRT-PCR assay, demonstrating that the terpenoids biosynthesis genes were down-regulated under shading treatment. Here, the full-length transcriptome was constructed and the regulatory genes related to terpenoids biosynthesis in water dropwort were also investigated. These results will provide useful information for future researches on functional genomics and terpenoids biosynthesis mechanism in water dropwort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Feng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xia-Yue Kan
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Jie Yan
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Ping Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Jun Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The ease and complexity of identifying and using specialized metabolites for crop engineering. Emerg Top Life Sci 2022; 6:153-162. [PMID: 35302160 PMCID: PMC9023015 DOI: 10.1042/etls20210248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plants produce a broad variety of specialized metabolites with distinct biological activities and potential applications. Despite this potential, most biosynthetic pathways governing specialized metabolite production remain largely unresolved across the plant kingdom. The rapid advancement of genetics and biochemical tools has enhanced our ability to identify plant specialized metabolic pathways. Further advancements in transgenic technology and synthetic biology approaches have extended this to a desire to design new pathways or move existing pathways into new systems to address long-running difficulties in crop systems. This includes improving abiotic and biotic stress resistance, boosting nutritional content, etc. In this review, we assess the potential and limitations for (1) identifying specialized metabolic pathways in plants with multi-omics tools and (2) using these enzymes in synthetic biology or crop engineering. The goal of these topics is to highlight areas of research that may need further investment to enhance the successful application of synthetic biology for exploiting the myriad of specialized metabolic pathways.
Collapse
|