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Wang MT, Xue ZF, Tao Y, Kan ZH, Zhou XB, Liu HL, Zhang YM. Spatiotemporal patterns of leaf nutrients of wild apples in a wild fruit forest plot in the Ili Valley, China. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:684. [PMID: 39020284 PMCID: PMC11256650 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Malus sieversii, commonly known as wild apples, represents a Tertiary relict plant species and serves as the progenitor of globally cultivated apple varieties. Unfortunately, wild apple populations are facing significant degradation in localized areas due to a myriad of factors. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the nutrient status and spatiotemporal variations of M. sieversii, green leaves were collected in May and July, and the fallen leaves were collected in October. The concentrations of leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) were measured, and the stoichiometric ratios as well as nutrient resorption efficiencies were calculated. The study also explored the relative contributions of soil, topographic, and biotic factors to the variation in nutrient traits. The results indicate that as the growing period progressed, the concentrations of N and P in the leaves significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the concentration of K in October was significantly lower than in May and July. Throughout plant growth, leaf N-P and N-K exhibited hyperallometric relationships, while P-K showed an isometric relationship. Resorption efficiency followed the order of N < P < K (P < 0.05), with all three ratios being less than 1; this indicates that the order of nutrient limitation is K > P > N. The resorption efficiencies were mainly regulated by nutrient concentrations in fallen leaves. A robust spatial dependence was observed in leaf nutrient concentrations during all periods (70.1-97.9% for structural variation), highlighting that structural variation, rather than random factors, dominated the spatial variation. Nutrient resorption efficiencies (NRE, PRE, and KRE) displayed moderate structural variation (30.2-66.8%). The spatial patterns of nutrient traits varied across growth periods, indicating they are influenced by multifactorial elements (in which, soil property showed the highest influence). In conclusion, wild apples manifested differentiated spatiotemporal variability and influencing factors across various leaf nutrient traits. These results provide crucial insights into the spatiotemporal patterns and influencing factors of leaf nutrient traits of M. sieversii at the permanent plot scale for the first time. This work is of great significance for the ecosystem restoration and sustainable management of degrading wild fruit forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
- Xinjiang Field Scientific Observation Research Station of Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest Ecosystem, Xinyuan, Xinjiang, 844900, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Xue
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China.
- Xinjiang Field Scientific Observation Research Station of Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest Ecosystem, Xinyuan, Xinjiang, 844900, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China.
| | - Zi-Han Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
- Xinjiang Field Scientific Observation Research Station of Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest Ecosystem, Xinyuan, Xinjiang, 844900, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
- Xinjiang Field Scientific Observation Research Station of Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest Ecosystem, Xinyuan, Xinjiang, 844900, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Hui-Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
- Xinjiang Field Scientific Observation Research Station of Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest Ecosystem, Xinyuan, Xinjiang, 844900, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Yuan-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China.
- Xinjiang Field Scientific Observation Research Station of Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest Ecosystem, Xinyuan, Xinjiang, 844900, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China.
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Xiong H, Ma H, Zhao H, Yang L, Hu B, Wang J, Shi X, Zhang Y, Rennenberg H. Integrated physiological, proteome and gene expression analyses provide new insights into nitrogen remobilization in citrus trees. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1628-1645. [PMID: 35225347 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) remobilization is an important physiological process that supports the growth and development of trees. However, in evergreen broad-leaved tree species, such as citrus, the mechanisms of N remobilization are not completely understood. Therefore, we quantified the potential of N remobilization from senescing leaves of spring shoots to mature leaves of autumn shoots of citrus trees under different soil N availabilities and further explored the underlying N metabolism characteristics by physiological, proteome and gene expression analyses. Citrus exposed to low N had an approximately 38% N remobilization efficiency (NRE), whereas citrus exposed to high N had an NRE efficiency of only 4.8%. Integrated physiological, proteomic and gene expression analyses showed that photosynthesis, N and carbohydrate metabolism interact with N remobilization. The improvement of N metabolism and photosynthesis, the accumulation of proline and arginine, and delayed degradation of storage protein in senescing leaves are the result of sufficient N supply and low N remobilization. Proteome further showed that energy generation proteins and glutamate synthase were hub proteins affecting N remobilization. In addition, N requirement of mature leaves is likely met by soil supply at high N nutrition, thereby resulting in low N remobilization. These results provide insight into N remobilization mechanisms of citrus that are of significance for N fertilizer management in orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaye Xiong
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Haotian Ma
- Health Science Center, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Huanyu Zhao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Linsheng Yang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yueqiang Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Xiong H, Ma H, Hu B, Zhao H, Wang J, Rennenberg H, Shi X, Zhang Y. Nitrogen fertilization stimulates nitrogen assimilation and modifies nitrogen partitioning in the spring shoot leaves of citrus (Citrus reticulata Blanco) trees. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 267:153556. [PMID: 34737128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The spring shoot leaves are important sites of nitrogen (N) metabolism in citrus trees. Understanding the physiological and metabolic response of the spring shoot leaves under varying N fertilization is fundamental to the fertilization management in citrus orchards. Thus, the processes affecting N composition, the activities of N metabolism related enzymes, and the expression of relevant genes were explored in spring shoot leaves under four N levels (0, 207, 275, 413 g N tree-1 y-1, as N0, N207, N275, N413). The results showed that, compared with N0, N275 significantly increased total N by 24.81%, which was mainly attributed to enhancement of structural N by 30.92%, free amino acid N by 40.91% and nitrate N by 41.33%. The relative expression of nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) under N275 increased by 19.32% and 73.48%, respectively, compared with that under N0 treatment. Compared with N0 treatment, the NR transcription level under N275 treatment increased by 381%. The relative transcription levels of NADP-GDH and GDH1 also increased with increasing N fertilization. However, compared with that under N275, the relative transcription of GDH2 under N413 treatment was inhibited. Therefore, the transcript abundance of NR, NADP-GDH,GDH1 and GDH2 affected the activities of NR and GDH and thereby contributed to the regulation of N composition in the leaves. In addition, the activities of glutamine synthetase and nitrite reductase were largely unaffected or even declined in the N207, N275 and N413 treatments compared with the N0. This study elucidated the mechanism of primary N metabolism and partitioning in citrus leaves and provided a theoretical basis for N management in citrus orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaye Xiong
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Haotian Ma
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Huanyu Zhao
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing, Chongqing, 400716, China; National Monitoring Station of Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency on Purple Soils, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing, Chongqing, 400716, China; National Monitoring Station of Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency on Purple Soils, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Yueqiang Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing, Chongqing, 400716, China; National Monitoring Station of Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency on Purple Soils, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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Chen H, Reed SC, Lü X, Xiao K, Wang K, Li D. Coexistence of multiple leaf nutrient resorption strategies in a single ecosystem. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 772:144951. [PMID: 33571760 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.144951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Leaf resorption is critical for considerations of how plants use and recycle nutrients, but fundamental unknowns remain regarding the controls over plant nutrient resorption. Empirical studies suggest at least three basic types of resorption control, including (i) stoichiometric control, (ii) nutrient limitation control, and (iii) nutrient concentration control strategies. However, which strategies are adopted in given conditions and whether multiple strategies coexist in an ecosystem are still open questions. To address these unknowns, leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) resorption efficiency (NRE and PRE) and proficiency were measured for seven woody species at a nutrient-rich but potentially N-limited secondary forest and a nutrient-poor and potentially P-limited secondary forest. NRE was higher in the N-limited forest while PRE was higher in the P-limited forest, suggesting that plants responded to nutrient limitation with preferential resorption of the more limiting nutrient. NRE:PRE was positively related to leaf N:P ratios within each forest, demonstrating a role for stoichiometric control. Nutrient concentration controls were also found, with higher nutrient resorption proficiency in the nutrient-poor forest than in the nutrient-rich forest. The controls of stoichiometry and nutrient concentration were community-wide, but the nutrient limitation control was species-specific. Our results highlight the coexistence of multiple nutrient resorption strategies in a single ecosystem, and suggest these strategies are scale-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Key laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Sasha C Reed
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, UT 84532, USA
| | - Xiaotao Lü
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Kongcao Xiao
- Key laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Kelin Wang
- Key laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Dejun Li
- Key laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China.
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Ali S, Khan N. Delineation of mechanistic approaches employed by plant growth promoting microorganisms for improving drought stress tolerance in plants. Microbiol Res 2021; 249:126771. [PMID: 33930840 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Drought stress is expected to increase in intensity, frequency, and duration in many parts of the world, with potential negative impacts on plant growth and productivity. The plants have evolved complex physiological and biochemical mechanisms to respond and adjust to water-deficient environments. The physiological and biochemical mechanisms associated with water-stress tolerance and water-use efficiency have been extensively studied. Besides these adaptive and mitigating strategies, the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) play a significant role in alleviating plant drought stress. These beneficial microorganisms colonize the endo-rhizosphere/rhizosphere of plants and enhance drought tolerance. The common mechanism by which these microorganisms improve drought tolerance included the production of volatile compounds, phytohormones, siderophores, exopolysaccharides, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACC deaminase), accumulation of antioxidant, stress-induced metabolites such as osmotic solutes proline, alternation in leaf and root morphology and regulation of the stress-responsive genes. The PGPR is an easy and efficient alternative approach to genetic manipulation and crop enhancement practices because plant breeding and genetic modification are time-consuming and expensive processes for obtaining stress-tolerant varieties. In this review, we will elaborate on PGPR's mechanistic approaches in enhancing the plant stress tolerance to cope with the drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ali
- Plant Epigenetic and Development, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Fischer S, Hilger T, Piepho HP, Jordan I, Karungi J, Towett E, Shepherd K, Cadisch G. Soil and farm management effects on yield and nutrient concentrations of food crops in East Africa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:137078. [PMID: 32044491 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Crops that grow on soils with higher fertility often have higher yields and higher tissue nutrient concentrations. Whether this is the case for all crops, and which soil and management factors, or combinations mostly affect yields and food nutrient concentrations however, is poorly understood. Here, the main aim was to evaluate effects of soil and management factors on crop yields and food nutrient concentrations in (i) grain, fruit and tuber crops, and (ii) between high and low soil fertility areas. Total elemental concentrations of Mg, P, S, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu were measured using a portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (pXRF) in maize grain (Zea mays; Teso South, Kenya: n = 31; Kapchorwa, Uganda n = 30), cassava tuber (Manihot esculenta; Teso South: n = 27), and matooke fruit (Musa acuminata; Kapchorwa, n = 54). Soil properties measured were eCEC, total N and C, pH, texture, and total elemental content. Farm management variables (fertilisation, distance to household, and crop diversity) were collected. Canonical Correspondence Analyses (CCA) with permutation rank tests identified driving factors of alterations in nutrient concentrations. Maize grain had higher correlations with soil factors (CCA > 80%), than cassava tuber (76%) or matooke fruit (39%). In contrast, corresponding correlations to management factors were much lower (8-39%). The main soil properties affecting food nutrients were organic matter and texture. Surprisingly, pH did not play an important role. A positive association of crop diversity with nutrient concentration and yield in lower fertility areas was observed. Considering, food nutrient composition, apart from yield, as response variables in agronomic trials (e.g. fertilisation or soil improvement strategies), would contribute towards discounting the notion that crops growing on fertile soils always produce healthy and high quality foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahrah Fischer
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 13, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Thomas Hilger
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 13, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Piepho
- Institute of Crop Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 20, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Irmgard Jordan
- Center for International Development and Environmental Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Senckenbergstraße 3, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jeninah Karungi
- Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, Wandegeya, Makerere, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Erick Towett
- Land Health Decisions, World Agroforestry Centre, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, PO Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Keith Shepherd
- Land Health Decisions, World Agroforestry Centre, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, PO Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Georg Cadisch
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 13, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Custódio M, Maciel E, Domingues MR, Lillebø AI, Calado R. Nutrient availability affects the polar lipidome of Halimione portulacoides leaves cultured in hydroponics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6583. [PMID: 32313165 PMCID: PMC7171145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Halophytes are increasingly regarded as suitable extractive species and co-products for coastal Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) and studying their lipidome is a valid means towards their economic valorization. Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen edible leaves are rich in functional lipids with nutraceutical and pharmaceutical relevance and the present study aimed to investigate the extent to which its lipidome remains unchanged under a range of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations typical of aquaculture effluents. Lipidomics analysis, done by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry, identified 175 lipid species in the lipid extract of leaves: 140 phospholipids (PLs) and 35 glycolipids (GLs). Plants irrigated with a saline solution with 20-100 mg DIN-N L-1 and 3-15.5 mg DIP-P L-1 under a 1-week hydraulic retention time displayed a relatively stable lipidome. At lower concentrations (6 mg DIN-N L-1 and 0.8 mg DIP-P L-1), plants exhibited less PLs and GLs per unit of leaves dry weight and the GLs fraction of the lipidome changed significantly. This study reveals the importance of analyzing the lipidomic profile of halophytes under different nutritional regimens in order to establish nutrient-limitation thresholds and assure production conditions that deliver a final product with a consistent lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Custódio
- ECOMARE, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Elisabete Maciel
- ECOMARE, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- ECOMARE, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry & QOPNA & LAQV - Requinte, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Domingues
- ECOMARE, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry & QOPNA & LAQV - Requinte, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Lillebø
- ECOMARE, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Calado
- ECOMARE, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Rubio Ames Z, Brecht JK, Olmstead MA. Nitrogen fertilization rates in a subtropical peach orchard: effects on tree vigor and fruit quality. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:527-539. [PMID: 31512240 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen is a key component of crop production and is commonly related to increases in yield and fruit size. The N fertilization rates used for low-chill peach cultivars were adapted from other peach production regions, where environmental and soil conditions are different. The growth and production as well as the effect on fruit physical and compositional attributes of two low-chill peach cultivars - 'TropicBeauty' (TB) and 'UFSharp' (UFS) - with five different N fertilization rates (0 (N0), 45 (N1), 90 (N2), 179 (N3) and 269 (N4) kg ha-1 applied each year from 2011 to 2017) were examined. RESULTS Peach trees under higher N rates had higher pruning weights compared to the lower N0 or N1 rates. Yield was only affected in 2017 for the two cultivars tested. Physical attributes were inconsistently affected by N. Fruit from the higher N rates had lower a* value (more green) than fruit from the trees under low or zero N. While fruit firmness was not affected by N, fruit from trees under zero/low N had higher total soluble solids in some years. CONCLUSION Considering that N is recycled in the trees, being retained and reused each season to resume growth, it is important to address peach orchard fertilization based on peach tree N status. The results of this experiment show that an increase in N beyond what is required for tree maintenance does not increase yield. In addition, reducing N does not strongly affect fruit quality, although the color and soluble solids results suggest that lower N rates may advance fruit maturation. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilfina Rubio Ames
- Horticultural Science Department, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey K Brecht
- Horticultural Science Department, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Corliss BA, Delalio LJ, Stevenson Keller TC, Keller AS, Keller DA, Corliss BH, Beers JM, Peirce SM, Isakson BE. Vascular Expression of Hemoglobin Alpha in Antarctic Icefish Supports Iron Limitation as Novel Evolutionary Driver. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1389. [PMID: 31780954 PMCID: PMC6861181 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Frigid temperatures of the Southern Ocean are known to be an evolutionary driver in Antarctic fish. For example, many fish have reduced red blood cell (RBC) concentration to minimize vascular resistance. Via the oxygen-carrying protein hemoglobin, RBCs contain the vast majority of the body's iron, which is known to be a limiting nutrient in marine ecosystems. Since lower RBC levels also lead to reduced iron requirements, we hypothesize that low iron availability was an additional evolutionary driver of Antarctic fish speciation. Antarctic Icefish of the family Channichthyidae are known to have an extreme alteration of iron metabolism due to loss of RBCs and two iron-binding proteins, hemoglobin and myoglobin. Loss of hemoglobin is considered a maladaptive trait allowed by relaxation of predator selection since extreme adaptations are required to compensate for the loss of oxygen-carrying capacity. However, iron dependency minimization may have driven hemoglobin loss instead of a random evolutionary event. Given the variety of functions that hemoglobin serves in the endothelium, we suspected the protein corresponding to the 3' truncated Hbα fragment (Hbα-3'f) that was not genetically excluded by icefish may still be expressed as a protein. Using whole mount confocal microscopy, we show that Hbα-3'f is expressed in the vascular endothelium of icefish retina, suggesting this Hbα fragment may still serve an important role in the endothelium. These observations support a novel hypothesis that iron minimization could have influenced icefish speciation with the loss of the iron-binding portion of Hbα in Hbα-3'f, as well as hemoglobin β and myoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Corliss
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Leon J Delalio
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - T C Stevenson Keller
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Alexander S Keller
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | | | - Bruce H Corliss
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Jody M Beers
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Shayn M Peirce
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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10
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Watanabe M, Netzer F, Tohge T, Orf I, Brotman Y, Dubbert D, Fernie AR, Rennenberg H, Hoefgen R, Herschbach C. Metabolome and Lipidome Profiles of Populus × canescens Twig Tissues During Annual Growth Show Phospholipid-Linked Storage and Mobilization of C, N, and S. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1292. [PMID: 30233628 PMCID: PMC6133996 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The temperate climax tree species Fagus sylvatica and the floodplain tree species Populus × canescens possess contrasting phosphorus (P) nutrition strategies. While F. sylvatica has been documented to display P storage and mobilization (Netzer et al., 2017), this was not observed for Populus × canescens (Netzer et al., 2018b). Nevertheless, changes in the abundance of organic bound P in gray poplar trees indicated adaptation of the P nutrition to different needs during annual growth. The present study aimed at characterizing seasonal changes in metabolite and lipid abundances in gray poplar and uncovering differences in metabolite requirement due to specific needs depending on the season. Seasonal variations in the abundance of (i) sugar-Ps and phospholipids, (ii) amino acids, (iii) sulfur compounds, and (iv) carbon metabolites were expected. It was hypothesized that seasonal changes in metabolite levels relate to N, S, and C storage and mobilization. Changes in organic metabolites binding Pi (Porg) are supposed to support these processes. Variation in triacylglycerols, in sugar-phosphates, in metabolites of the TCA cycle and in the amino acid abundance of poplar twig buds, leaves, bark, and wood were found to be linked to changes in metabolite abundances as well as to C, N, and S storage and mobilization processes. The observed changes support the view of a lack of any P storage in poplar. Yet, during dormancy, contents of phospholipids in twig bark and wood were highest probably due to frost-hardening and to its function in extra-plastidic membranes such as amyloplasts, oleosomes, and protein bodies. Consistent with this assumption, in spring sugar-Ps increased when phospholipids declined and poplar plants entering the vegetative growth period and, hence, metabolic activity increases. These results indicate that poplar trees adopt a policy of P nutrition without P storage and mobilization that is different from their N- and S-nutrition strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsumi Watanabe
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
- NARA Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Florian Netzer
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
- NARA Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Isabel Orf
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - David Dubbert
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herschbach
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Zhu J, Wang X, Guo L, Xu Q, Zhao S, Li F, Yan X, Liu S, Wei C. Characterization and Alternative Splicing Profiles of the Lipoxygenase Gene Family in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis). PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1765-1781. [PMID: 29726968 PMCID: PMC6135896 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins, including jasmonic acid (JA) and volatiles, are important for signaling in plants, and these are formed by the lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme family. There is a large gap in understanding of the underlying molecular basis of their roles in tea plants. Here, we identified 11 CsLOX genes from the tea plant (Camellia sinensis), and characterized their phylogeny, gene structure and protein features into three subclasses. We then examined their enzymatic activities, LOX expression and alternative splicing of transcripts during development and in response to abiotic or biotic stresses in tea plants. In vitro expressed protein assays showed that the CsLOX2, 3 and 9 enzymatically function to produce 9/13-HPOT, 13-HPOT and 9-HPOT, respectively. CsLOX2 and CsLOX9 green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins localized to chloroplasts and the cytoplasm, respectively. RNA sequencing, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and Northern blot analysis suggested that CsLOX5, 6 and 9 were predominantly expressed in seeds, flowers and roots, respectively. CsLOX2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 were up-regulated after attack by the insect Ectropis oblique, while CsLOX1 was induced after infection with the pathogen Glomerella cingulata. CsLOX3, 7 and 10 were up-regulated by JA but not ABA or salicylic acid. Long-term cold stress down-regulated CsLOX expression while a short duration of cold induced the expression of CsLOX1, 6 and 7. Alternatively spliced transcripts of six CsLOX genes were dynamically regulated through time and varied in relative abundances under the investigated stresses; we propose a mechanism of competing or compensating regulation between isoforms. This study improves our understanding of evolution of LOXs and regulation of their diverse functions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lingxiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Qingshan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Shiqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Fangdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Shengrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, West 130 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
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12
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Netzer F, Herschbach C, Oikawa A, Okazaki Y, Dubbert D, Saito K, Rennenberg H. Seasonal Alterations in Organic Phosphorus Metabolism Drive the Phosphorus Economy of Annual Growth in F. sylvatica Trees on P-Impoverished Soil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:723. [PMID: 29928284 PMCID: PMC5998604 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important macronutrients limiting plant growth and development, particularly in forest ecosystems such as temperate beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests in Central Europe. Efficient tree internal P cycling during annual growth is an important strategy of beech trees to adapt to low soil-P. Organic P (Porg) is thought to play a decisive role in P cycling, but the significance of individual compounds and processes has not been elucidated. To identify processes and metabolites involved in P cycling of beech trees, polar-metabolome and lipidome profiling was performed during annual growth with twig tissues from a sufficient (Conventwald, Con) and a low-soil-P (Tuttlingen, Tut) forest. Autumnal phospholipid degradation in leaves and P export from senescent leaves, accumulation of phospholipids and glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN6P) in the bark, storage of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcNAc6P) in the wood, and establishing of a phospholipid "start-up capital" in buds constitute main processes involved in P cycling that were enhanced in beech trees on low-P soil of the Tut forest. In spring, mobilization of P from storage pools in the bark contributed to an effective P cycling. Due to the higher phospholipid "start-up capital" in buds of Tut beeches, the P metabolite profile in developing leaves in spring was similar in beech trees of both forests. During summer, leaves of Tut beeches meet their phosphate (Pi) needs by replacing phospholipids by galacto- and sulfolipids. Thus, several processes contribute to adequate Pi supply on P impoverished soil thereby mediating similar growth of beech at low and sufficient soil-P availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Netzer
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herschbach
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Akira Oikawa
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yozo Okazaki
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - David Dubbert
- Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Netzer F, Mueller CW, Scheerer U, Grüner J, Kögel-Knabner I, Herschbach C, Rennenberg H. Phosphorus nutrition of Populus × canescens reflects adaptation to high P-availability in the soil. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:6-24. [PMID: 29077948 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) constitutes one of five macronutrients essential for plant growth and development due to the central function of phosphate in energy metabolism, inheritance and metabolic control. In many ecosystems, plant available soil-P gets limited by soil aging. Hence, plants have developed adaptation strategies to cope with such limitation by an efficient plant and ecosystem internal P-cycling during annual growth. The natural floodplain habitat of fast-growing Populus × canescens is characterized by high soil-P availability. It was thus expected that the P-nutrition of P. × canescens had adapted to this conditions. Therefore, different P-fractions in different twig tissues were investigated during two annual growth cycles. The P-nutrition of P. × canescens markedly differs from that of European beech grown at low soil-P availability (Netzer F, Schmid C, Herschbach C, Rennenberg H (2017) Phosphorus-nutrition of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) during annual growth depends on tree age and P-availability in the soil. Environ Exp Bot 137:194-207). This was mainly due to a lack of tree internal P-cycling during annual growth indicated by the absence of P-storage and remobilization in twig bark and wood. Hence, strategies to economize P-nutrition and to prevent P-losses had not developed. This fits with the fast-growth strategy of P. × canescens at unrestricted P-availability. Hence, the P-nutrition strategy of P. × canescens can be seen as an evolutionary adaptation to its natural growth habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Netzer
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carsten W Mueller
- Chair of Soil Science, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ursula Scheerer
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Grüner
- Chair of Forest Botany, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Bertoldstraße 17, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Kögel-Knabner
- Chair of Soil Science, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herschbach
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- King Saud University, College of Science, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Han Q, Kabeya D, Inagaki Y. Influence of reproduction on nitrogen uptake and allocation to new organs in Fagus crenata. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:1436-1443. [PMID: 28985424 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The contributions of the internal nitrogen (N) cycle and N uptake from soil to growth in mature trees remain poorly understood, especially during reproduction. In order to elucidate how reproduction affects N uptake, allocation and remobilization, we applied pulse 15N labelling to three fruiting (F) and three non-fruiting (NF) Fagus crenata Blume trees after the leaves were fully unfurled. Three-year-old branches were sampled from upper crowns at about 2 week intervals until leaf fall. 15N content per organ dry mass (15Nexcess) and N concentration in all new shoot organs were determined. Fruiting led to greater 15Nexcess uptake from the soil during the first month following application. Cupules absorbed the highest fraction of 15Nexcess initially and nuts contained about half the 15Nexcess at the end of the growing season. Biomass of reproductive organs represented up to 70% of new shoot growth in F trees. This fruit burden led to 34% and 38% reduction in biomass and 15Nexcess, respectively, in mature leaves compared with NF trees. Moreover, the increment of 15Nexcess in new shoots of F relative to NF trees was lower than the increment of biomass between the two. These results indicate that N is a limiting resource during masting in F. crenata. 15Nexcess incorporated into nuts started to increase dramatically once 15Nexcess in leaves, branches and cupules hit seasonal maxima. Similar seasonal biomass growth patterns were also found in these organs, indicating that sink strength drives uptake and allocation of 15Nexcess between new shoot compartments. These results, together with translocation of 15Nexcess from cupules and senescing leaves to nuts (contributing to fruit ripening), suggest that a finely tuned growth phenology alleviated N limitation. Thus, fruiting did not influence the N concentration in leaves or branches. These reproduction-related variations in N uptake and allocation among new shoot compartments have implications for N dynamics in the plant-soil system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmin Han
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kabeya
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Inagaki
- Department of Forest Soils, FFPRI, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
- Shikoku Research Center, FFPRI, 2-915 Asakuranishi, Kochi 780-8077, Japan
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15
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Han Q, Kabeya D. Recent developments in understanding mast seeding in relation to dynamics of carbon and nitrogen resources in temperate trees. Ecol Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-017-1494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Matyssek R, Kozovits AR, Wieser G, King J, Rennenberg H. Woody-plant ecosystems under climate change and air pollution-response consistencies across zonobiomes? TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:706-732. [PMID: 28338970 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Forests store the largest terrestrial pools of carbon (C), helping to stabilize the global climate system, yet are threatened by climate change (CC) and associated air pollution (AP, highlighting ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)). We adopt the perspective that CC-AP drivers and physiological impacts are universal, resulting in consistent stress responses of forest ecosystems across zonobiomes. Evidence supporting this viewpoint is presented from the literature on ecosystem gross/net primary productivity and water cycling. Responses to CC-AP are compared across evergreen/deciduous foliage types, discussing implications of nutrition and resource turnover at tree and ecosystem scales. The availability of data is extremely uneven across zonobiomes, yet unifying patterns of ecosystem response are discernable. Ecosystem warming results in trade-offs between respiration and biomass production, affecting high elevation forests more than in the lowland tropics and low-elevation temperate zone. Resilience to drought is modulated by tree size and species richness. Elevated O3 tends to counteract stimulation by elevated carbon dioxide (CO2). Biotic stress and genomic structure ultimately determine ecosystem responsiveness. Aggrading early- rather than mature late-successional communities respond to CO2 enhancement, whereas O3 affects North American and Eurasian tree species consistently under free-air fumigation. Insect herbivory is exacerbated by CC-AP in biome-specific ways. Rhizosphere responses reflect similar stand-level nutritional dynamics across zonobiomes, but are modulated by differences in tree-soil nutrient cycling between deciduous and evergreen systems, and natural versus anthropogenic nitrogen (N) oversupply. The hypothesis of consistency of forest responses to interacting CC-AP is supported by currently available data, establishing the precedent for a global network of long-term coordinated research sites across zonobiomes to simultaneously advance both bottom-up (e.g., mechanistic) and top-down (systems-level) understanding. This global, synthetic approach is needed because high biological plasticity and physiographic variation across individual ecosystems currently limit development of predictive models of forest responses to CC-AP. Integrated research on C and nutrient cycling, O3-vegetation interactions and water relations must target mechanisms' ecosystem responsiveness. Worldwide case studies must be subject to biostatistical exploration to elucidate overarching response patterns and synthesize the resulting empirical data through advanced modelling, in order to provide regionally coherent, yet globally integrated information in support of internationally coordinated decision-making and policy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Matyssek
- Technische Universität München, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Ecophysiology of Plants, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - A R Kozovits
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Department of Biodiversity, Evolution and Environment, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Bauxita, 35.400-000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - G Wieser
- Department of Alpine Timberline Ecophysiology, Federal Office and Research Centre for Forests, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J King
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - H Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 53/54, D79110 Freiburg, Germany
- King Saud University, PO Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Netzer F, Schmid C, Herschbach C, Rennenberg H. Phosphorus-nutrition of European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) during annual growth depends on tree age and P-availability in the soil. ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 137:194-207. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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18
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Li X, Rennenberg H, Simon J. Seasonal variation in N uptake strategies in the understorey of a beech-dominated N-limited forest ecosystem depends on N source and species. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:589-600. [PMID: 26786538 PMCID: PMC4886285 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In forest ecosystems, species use different strategies to increase their competitive ability for nitrogen (N) acquisition. The acquisition of N by trees is regulated by tree internal and environmental factors including mycorrhizae. In this study, we investigated the N uptake strategies of three co-occurring tree species [European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) and Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.)] in the understorey of a beech-dominated, N-limited forest on calcareous soil over two consecutive seasons. For this purpose, we studied (15)N uptake capacity as well as the allocation to N pools in the fine roots. Our results show that European beech had a higher capacity for both inorganic and organic N acquisition throughout the whole growing season compared with sycamore maple and Norway maple. The higher capacity of N acquisition in beech indicates a better adaption of beech to the understorey conditions of beech forests compared with the seedlings of other tree competitors under N-limited conditions. Despite these differences, all three species preferred organic over inorganic N sources throughout the growing season and showed similar seasonal patterns of N acquisition with an increased N uptake capacity in summer. However, this pattern varied with N source and year indicating that other environmental factors not assessed in this study further influenced N acquisition by the seedlings of the three tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyuan Li
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Judy Simon
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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19
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Nitrogen Nutrition of Trees in Temperate Forests—The Significance of Nitrogen Availability in the Pedosphere and Atmosphere. FORESTS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/f6082820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Fester T. Plant metabolite profiles and the buffering capacities of ecosystems. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 110:6-12. [PMID: 25564262 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In spite of some inherent challenges, metabolite profiling is becoming increasingly popular under field conditions. It has been used successfully to address topics like species interactions, connections between growth and chemical stoichiometry or the plant's stress response. Stress exerts a particularly clear impact on plant metabolomes and has become a central topic in many metabolite profiling experiments in the fields. In contrast to phytochambers, however, external stress is often at least partially absorbed by the environment when measuring under field conditions. Such stress-buffering capacities of (agro)-ecosystems are of crucial interest given the ever-increasing anthropogenic impact on ecosystems and this review promotes the idea of using plant metabolite profiles for respective measurements. More specifically I propose to use parameters of the response of key plant species to a given stress treatment as proxies for measuring and comparing stress-buffering capacities of ecosystems. Stress response parameters accessible by metabolite profiling comprise for example the intensity or duration of the impact of stress or the ability of the plant organism to recover from this impact after a given time. Analyses of ecosystem stress-buffering capacities may improve our understanding of how ecosystems cope with stress and may improve our abilities to predict ecosystem changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fester
- Helmholtz-Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoser Straße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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21
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Islam N, Li G, Garrett WM, Lin R, Sriram G, Cooper B, Coleman GD. Proteomics of Nitrogen Remobilization in Poplar Bark. J Proteome Res 2014; 14:1112-26. [DOI: 10.1021/pr501090p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazrul Islam
- Department
of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Gen Li
- Department
of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Wesley M. Garrett
- Animal
Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Rongshuang Lin
- Department
of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Ganesh Sriram
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Bret Cooper
- Soybean
Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Gary D. Coleman
- Department
of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Camargo ELO, Nascimento LC, Soler M, Salazar MM, Lepikson-Neto J, Marques WL, Alves A, Teixeira PJPL, Mieczkowski P, Carazzolle MF, Martinez Y, Deckmann AC, Rodrigues JC, Grima-Pettenati J, Pereira GAG. Contrasting nitrogen fertilization treatments impact xylem gene expression and secondary cell wall lignification in Eucalyptus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:256. [PMID: 25260963 PMCID: PMC4189757 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen (N) is a main nutrient required for tree growth and biomass accumulation. In this study, we analyzed the effects of contrasting nitrogen fertilization treatments on the phenotypes of fast growing Eucalyptus hybrids (E. urophylla x E. grandis) with a special focus on xylem secondary cell walls and global gene expression patterns. RESULTS Histological observations of the xylem secondary cell walls further confirmed by chemical analyses showed that lignin was reduced by luxuriant fertilization, whereas a consistent lignin deposition was observed in trees grown in N-limiting conditions. Also, the syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio was significantly lower in luxuriant nitrogen samples. Deep sequencing RNAseq analyses allowed us to identify a high number of differentially expressed genes (1,469) between contrasting N treatments. This number is dramatically higher than those obtained in similar studies performed in poplar but using microarrays. Remarkably, all the genes involved the general phenylpropanoid metabolism and lignin pathway were found to be down-regulated in response to high N availability. These findings further confirmed by RT-qPCR are in agreement with the reduced amount of lignin in xylem secondary cell walls of these plants. CONCLUSIONS This work enabled us to identify, at the whole genome level, xylem genes differentially regulated by N availability, some of which are involved in the environmental control of xylogenesis. It further illustrates that N fertilization can be used to alter the quantity and quality of lignocellulosic biomass in Eucalyptus, offering exciting prospects for the pulp and paper industry and for the use of short coppices plantations to produce second generation biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Leal Oliveira Camargo
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas; UNICAMP; Instituto de Biologia; Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes; Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Campinas, Brazil
- />Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR 5546: CNRS - Université de Toulouse III (UPS), Auzeville, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Leandro Costa Nascimento
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas; UNICAMP; Instituto de Biologia; Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes; Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marçal Soler
- />Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR 5546: CNRS - Université de Toulouse III (UPS), Auzeville, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Marcela Mendes Salazar
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas; UNICAMP; Instituto de Biologia; Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes; Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jorge Lepikson-Neto
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas; UNICAMP; Instituto de Biologia; Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes; Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Wesley Leoricy Marques
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas; UNICAMP; Instituto de Biologia; Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes; Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana Alves
- />Tropical Research Institute of Portugal (IICT), Forestry and Forest Products Group, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
- />Centro de Estudos Florestais, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paulo José Pereira Lima Teixeira
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas; UNICAMP; Instituto de Biologia; Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes; Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Falsarella Carazzolle
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas; UNICAMP; Instituto de Biologia; Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes; Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Yves Martinez
- />Fédération de Recherche “Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité”, 24 Chemin de borde rouge, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Ana Carolina Deckmann
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas; UNICAMP; Instituto de Biologia; Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes; Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Campinas, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Rodrigues
- />Tropical Research Institute of Portugal (IICT), Forestry and Forest Products Group, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
- />Centro de Estudos Florestais, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jacqueline Grima-Pettenati
- />Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR 5546: CNRS - Université de Toulouse III (UPS), Auzeville, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães Pereira
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas; UNICAMP; Instituto de Biologia; Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes; Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Campinas, Brazil
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Boczulak SA, Hawkins BJ, Roy R. Temperature effects on nitrogen form uptake by seedling roots of three contrasting conifers. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 34:513-523. [PMID: 24831958 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant species may show a preference for uptake of particular nitrogen (N) forms, but little is known about how N form preference is influenced by soil temperature. Potential future changes in soil N form availability and plant N form preference in warmer soils might shift competitive interactions among forest tree species. We compared the N uptake and growth of three conifer species from contrasting environments grown at rhizosphere temperatures of 10, 16 or 20 °C and supplied with ammonium (NH4 (+)) or nitrate (NO3 (-)) or a mix of arginine and alanine. Short-term N uptake was assessed using ion-selective microelectrodes and application of (15)N, and long-term uptake was assessed by plant N status. Species exhibited preferences for particular N forms, and these preferences related to the N form most available in native soils. Specifically, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) showed a preference for nitrate (a N form commonly found in warmer areas), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) preferred ammonium (a N form abundant in cold soils) and Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) showed a preference for ammonium and organic N (organic N is often abundant in cold soils). Relative N form preference, as indicated by plant growth, changed with temperature in some species, indicating that these species could acclimate to changing rhizosphere temperatures. Understanding how conifers utilize available soil nutrients at different temperatures can help to predict species' future performance as soil temperatures rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Boczulak
- Centre for Forest Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3020, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3N5
| | - B J Hawkins
- Centre for Forest Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3020, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3N5
| | - R Roy
- Centre for Forest Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3020, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3N5
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24
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Pettengill EA, Pettengill JB, Coleman GD. Elucidating the evolutionary history and expression patterns of nucleoside phosphorylase paralogs (vegetative storage proteins) in Populus and the plant kingdom. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 13:118. [PMID: 23957885 PMCID: PMC3751785 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleoside phosphorylases (NPs) have been extensively investigated in human and bacterial systems for their role in metabolic nucleotide salvaging and links to oncogenesis. In plants, NP-like proteins have not been comprehensively studied, likely because there is no evidence of a metabolic function in nucleoside salvage. However, in the forest trees genus Populus a family of NP-like proteins function as an important ecophysiological adaptation for inter- and intra-seasonal nitrogen storage and cycling. RESULTS We conducted phylogenetic analyses to determine the distribution and evolution of NP-like proteins in plants. These analyses revealed two major clusters of NP-like proteins in plants. Group I proteins were encoded by genes across a wide range of plant taxa while proteins encoded by Group II genes were dominated by species belonging to the order Malpighiales and included the Populus Bark Storage Protein (BSP) and WIN4-like proteins. Additionally, we evaluated the NP-like genes in Populus by examining the transcript abundance of the 13 NP-like genes found in the Populus genome in various tissues of plants exposed to long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) photoperiods. We found that all 13 of the Populus NP-like genes belonging to either Group I or II are expressed in various tissues in both LD and SD conditions. Tests of natural selection and expression evolution analysis of the Populus genes suggests that divergence in gene expression may have occurred recently during the evolution of Populus, which supports the adaptive maintenance models. Lastly, in silico analysis of cis-regulatory elements in the promoters of the 13 NP-like genes in Populus revealed common regulatory elements known to be involved in light regulation, stress/pathogenesis and phytohormone responses. CONCLUSION In Populus, the evolution of the NP-like protein and gene family has been shaped by duplication events and natural selection. Expression data suggest that previously uncharacterized NP-like proteins may function in nutrient sensing and/or signaling. These proteins are members of Group I NP-like proteins, which are widely distributed in many plant taxa. We conclude that NP-like proteins may function in plants, although this function is undefined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Pettengill
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, Plant Science Building, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - James B Pettengill
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, Takoma Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Gary D Coleman
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, Plant Science Building, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
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Malcheska F, Honsel A, Wildhagen H, Dürr J, Larisch C, Rennenberg H, Herschbach C. Differential expression of specific sulphate transporters underlies seasonal and spatial patterns of sulphate allocation in trees. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:1285-95. [PMID: 23278135 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Sulphate uptake and its distribution within plants depend on the activity of different sulphate transporters (SULTR). In long-living deciduous plants such as trees, seasonal changes of spatial patterns add another layer of complexity to the question of how the interplay of different transporters adjusts S distribution within the plant to environmental changes. Poplar is an excellent model to address this question because its S metabolism is already well characterized. In the present study, the importance of SULTRs for seasonal sulphate storage and mobilization was examined in the wood of poplar (Populus tremula × P. alba) by analysing their gene expression in relation to sulphate contents in wood and xylem sap. According to these results, possible functions of the respective SULTRs for seasonal sulphate storage and mobilization in the wood are suggested. Together, the present results complement the previously published model for seasonal sulphate circulation between leaves and bark and provide information for future mechanistic modelling of whole tree sulphate fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Malcheska
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Professur für Baumphysiologie, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Honsel
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Professur für Baumphysiologie, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - H Wildhagen
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Professur für Baumphysiologie, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Dürr
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Professur für Baumphysiologie, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Larisch
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie und Biophysik, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - H Rennenberg
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Professur für Baumphysiologie, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- King Saud University, PO Box 2454, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - C Herschbach
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Professur für Baumphysiologie, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
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26
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Liu XP, Gong CM, Fan YY, Eiblmeier M, Zhao Z, Han G, Rennenberg H. Response pattern of amino compounds in phloem and xylem of trees to soil drought depends on drought intensity and root symbiosis. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2013; 15 Suppl 1:101-108. [PMID: 22845058 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify drought-mediated differences in amino nitrogen (N) composition and content of xylem and phloem in trees having different symbiotic N(2)-fixing bacteria. Under controlled water availability, 1-year-old seedlings of Robinia pseudoacacia (nodules with Rhizobium), Hippophae rhamnoides (symbiosis with Frankia) and Buddleja alternifolia (no such root symbiosis) were exposed to control, medium drought and severe drought, corresponding soil water content of 70-75%, 45-50% and 30-35% of field capacity, respectively. Composition and content of amino compounds in xylem sap and phloem exudates were analysed as a measure of N nutrition. Drought strongly reduced biomass accumulation in all species, but amino N content in xylem and phloem remained unaffected only in R. pseudoacacia. In H. rhamnoides and B. alternifolia, amino N in phloem remained constant, but increased in xylem of both species in response to drought. There were differences in composition of amino compounds in xylem and phloem of the three species in response to drought. Proline concentrations in long-distance transport pathways of all three species were very low, below the limit of detection in phloem of H. rhamnoides and in phloem and xylem of B. alternifolia. Apparently, drought-mediated changes in N composition were much more connected with species-specific changes in C:N ratios. Irrespective of soil water content, the two species with root symbioses did not show similar features for the different types of symbiosis, neither in N composition nor in N content. There was no immediate correlation between symbiotic N fixation and drought-mediated changes in amino N in the transport pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-P Liu
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Larisch C, Dittrich M, Wildhagen H, Lautner S, Fromm J, Polle A, Hedrich R, Rennenberg H, Müller T, Ache P. Poplar wood rays are involved in seasonal remodeling of tree physiology. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:1515-29. [PMID: 22992511 PMCID: PMC3490584 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.202291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding seasonality and longevity is a major challenge in tree biology. In woody species, growth phases and dormancy follow one another consecutively. In the oldest living individuals, the annual cycle may run for more than 1,000 years. So far, however, not much is known about the processes triggering reactivation from dormancy. In this study, we focused on wood rays, which are known to play an important role in tree development. The transition phase from dormancy to flowering in early spring was compared with the phase of active growth in summer. Rays from wood samples of poplar (Populus × canescens) were enriched by laser microdissection, and transcripts were monitored by poplar whole-genome microarrays. The resulting seasonally varying complex expression and metabolite patterns were subjected to pathway analyses. In February, the metabolic pathways related to flower induction were high, indicating that reactivation from dormancy was already taking place at this time of the year. In July, the pathways related to active growth, like lignin biosynthesis, nitrogen assimilation, and defense, were enriched. Based on "marker" genes identified in our pathway analyses, we were able to validate periodical changes in wood samples by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. These studies, and the resulting ray database, provide new insights into the steps underlying the seasonality of poplar trees.
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Herschbach C, Gessler A, Rennenberg H. Long-Distance Transport and Plant Internal Cycling of N- and S-Compounds. PROGRESS IN BOTANY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-22746-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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