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Nie ZF, Liao ZQ, Yao GQ, Tian XQ, Bi MH, Teixeira da Silva JA, Gao TP, Fang XW. Divergent stem hydraulic strategies of Caragana korshinskii resprouts following a disturbance. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:325-336. [PMID: 34387352 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Resprouting plants are distributed in many vegetation communities worldwide. With increasing resprout age post-severe-disturbance, new stems grow rapidly at their early age, and decrease in their growth with gradually decreasing water status thereafter. However, there is little knowledge about how stem hydraulic strategies and anatomical traits vary post-disturbance. In this study, the stem water potential (Ψstem), maximum stem hydraulic conductivity (Kstem-max), water potential at 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity (Kstem P50) and anatomical traits of Caragana korshinkii resprouts were measured during a 1- to 13-year post-disturbance period. We found that the Kstem-max decreased with resprout age from 1-year-old resprouts (84.2 mol m-1 s-1 MPa-1) to 13-year-old resprouts (54.2 mol m-1 s-1 MPa-1) as a result of decreases in the aperture fraction (Fap) and the sum of aperture area on per unit intervessel wall area (Aap). The Kstem P50 of the resprouts decreased from 1-year-old resprouts (-1.8 MPa) to 13-year-old resprouts (-2.9 MPa) as a result of increases in vessel implosion resistance (t/b)2, wood density (WD), vessel grouping index (GI) and decreases in Fap and Aap. These shifts in hydraulic structure and function resulted in an age-based divergence in hydraulic strategies i.e., a change from an acquisitive strategy to a conservative strategy, with increasing resprout age post-disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Fei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhong-Qiang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guang-Qian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xue-Qian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Min-Hui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | | | - Tian-Peng Gao
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Xiang-Wen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Schenk HJ, Jansen S, Hölttä T. Positive pressure in xylem and its role in hydraulic function. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:27-45. [PMID: 33206999 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Although transpiration-driven transport of xylem sap is well known to operate under absolute negative pressure, many terrestrial, vascular plants show positive xylem pressure above atmospheric pressure on a seasonal or daily basis, or during early developmental stages. The actual location and mechanisms behind positive xylem pressure remain largely unknown, both in plants that show seasonal xylem pressure before leaf flushing, and those that show a diurnal periodicity of bleeding and guttation. Available evidence shows that positive xylem pressure can be driven based on purely physical forces, osmotic exudation into xylem conduits, or hydraulic pressure in parenchyma cells associated with conduits. The latter two mechanisms may not be mutually exclusive and can be understood based on a similar modelling scenario. Given the renewed interest in positive xylem pressure, this review aims to provide a constructive way forward by discussing similarities and differences of mechanistic models, evaluating available evidence for hydraulic functions, such as rehydration of tissues, refilling of water stores, and embolism repair under positive pressure, and providing recommendations for future research, including methods that avoid or minimise cutting artefacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jochen Schenk
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, PO Box 6850, Fullerton, CA, 92834, USA
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
| | - Teemu Hölttä
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
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De Mil T, Hubau W, Angoboy Ilondea B, Rocha Vargas MA, Boeckx P, Steppe K, Van Acker J, Beeckman H, Van den Bulcke J. Asynchronous leaf and cambial phenology in a tree species of the Congo Basin requires space-time conversion of wood traits. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:245-253. [PMID: 31170728 PMCID: PMC6758582 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Wood traits are increasingly being used to document tree performance. In the Congo Basin, however, weaker seasonality causes asynchrony of wood traits between trees. Here, we monitor growth and phenology data to date the formation of traits. METHODS For two seasons, leaf and cambial phenology were monitored on four Terminalia superba trees (Mayombe) using cameras, cambial pinning and dendrometers. Subsequently, vessel lumen and parenchyma fractions as well as high-resolution isotopes (δ13C/δ18O) were quantified on the formed rings. All traits were dated and related to weather data. KEY RESULTS We observed between-tree differences in green-up of 45 d, with trees flushing before and after the rainy season. The lag between green-up and onset of xylem formation was 59 ± 21 d. The xylem growing season lasted 159 ± 17 d with between-tree differences of up to 53 d. Synchronized vessel, parenchyma and δ13C profiles were related to each other. Only parenchyma fraction and δ13C were correlated to weather variables, whereas the δ18O pattern showed no trend. CONCLUSIONS Asynchrony of leaf and cambial phenology complicates correct interpretation of environmental information recorded in wood. An integrated approach including high-resolution measurements of growth, stable isotopes and anatomical features allows exact dating of the formation of traits. This methodology offers a means to explore the asynchrony of growth in a rainforest and contribute to understanding this aspect of forest resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom De Mil
- UGCT-UGent-Woodlab, Ghent University, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Gent, Belgium
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Wood Biology Service, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Wannes Hubau
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Wood Biology Service, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Bhély Angoboy Ilondea
- UGCT-UGent-Woodlab, Ghent University, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Gent, Belgium
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Wood Biology Service, Tervuren, Belgium
- Institut National pour l’Etude et la Recherche Agronomiques, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Mirvia Angela Rocha Vargas
- UGCT-UGent-Woodlab, Ghent University, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Gent, Belgium
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYS, Ghent University, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Gent, Belgium
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYS, Ghent University, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Gent, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Joris Van Acker
- UGCT-UGent-Woodlab, Ghent University, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Gent, Belgium
| | - Hans Beeckman
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Wood Biology Service, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Jan Van den Bulcke
- UGCT-UGent-Woodlab, Ghent University, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Gent, Belgium
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Non-Destructive Evaluation Techniques and What They Tell Us about Wood Property Variation. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10090728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To maximize utilization of our forest resources, detailed knowledge of wood property variation and the impacts this has on end-product performance is required at multiple scales (within and among trees, regionally). As many wood properties are difficult and time-consuming to measure our knowledge regarding their variation is often inadequate as is our understanding of their responses to genetic and silvicultural manipulation. The emergence of many non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methodologies offers the potential to greatly enhance our understanding of the forest resource; however, it is critical to recognize that any technique has its limitations and it is important to select the appropriate technique for a given application. In this review, we will discuss the following technologies for assessing wood properties both in the field: acoustics, Pilodyn, Resistograph and Rigidimeter and the lab: computer tomography (CT) scanning, DiscBot, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, radial sample acoustics and SilviScan. We will discuss these techniques, explore their utilization, and list applications that best suit each methodology. As an end goal, NDE technologies will help researchers worldwide characterize wood properties, develop accurate models for prediction, and utilize field equipment that can validate the predictions. The continued advancement of NDE technologies will also allow researchers to better understand the impact on wood properties on product performance.
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Zuidema PA, Poulter B, Frank DC. A Wood Biology Agenda to Support Global Vegetation Modelling. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:1006-1015. [PMID: 30209023 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Realistic forecasting of forest responses to climate change critically depends on key advancements in global vegetation modelling. Compared with traditional 'big-leaf' models that simulate forest stands, 'next-generation' vegetation models aim to track carbon-, light-, water-, and nutrient-limited growth of individual trees. Wood biology can play an important role in delivering the required knowledge at tissue-to-individual levels, at minute-to-century scales and for model parameterization and benchmarking. We propose a wood biology research agenda that contributes to filling six knowledge gaps: sink versus source limitation, drivers of intra-annual growth, drought impacts, functional wood traits, dynamic biomass allocation, and nutrient cycling. Executing this agenda will expedite model development and increase the ability of models to forecast global change impact on forest dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter A Zuidema
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - David C Frank
- Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, 1215 E Lowell Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Drought Effects on Photosynthesis and Implications of Photoassimilate Distribution in 11C-Labeled Leaves in the African Tropical Tree Species Maesopsis eminii Engl. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9030109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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