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Hu Y, Dai Z, Huang J, Han M, Wang Z, Jiao W, Gao Z, Liu X, Liu L, Ma Z. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the glutamate receptor gene family in sweet potato and its two diploid relatives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1255805. [PMID: 38179475 PMCID: PMC10764598 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1255805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Plant glutamate receptor (GLR) homologs are crucial calcium channels that play an important role in plant development, signal transduction, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the GLR gene family has not yet been thoroughly and systematically studied in sweet potato. In this study, a total of 37 GLR genes were identified in the cultivated hexaploid sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), and 32 GLR genes were discovered in each of the two diploid relatives (Ipomoea trifida and Ipomoea triloba) for the first time. Based on their evolutionary relationships to those of Arabidopsis, these GLRs were split into five subgroups. We then conducted comprehensive analysis to explore their physiological properties, protein interaction networks, promoter cis-elements, chromosomal placement, gene structure, and expression patterns. The results indicate that the homologous GLRs of the cultivated hexaploid sweet potato and its two relatives are different. These variations are reflected in their functions related to plant growth, hormonal crosstalk, development of tuberous roots, resistance to root rot, and responses to abiotic stress factors, all of which are governed by specific individual GLR genes. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of GLR genes in sweet potato and its two diploid relatives. It also provides a theoretical basis for future research into their regulatory mechanisms, significantly influencing the field of molecular breeding in sweet potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Hu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhuoru Dai
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinan Huang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Meikun Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Agriculture Forestry and Biological Engineering, Baoding Vocational and Technical College, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Weijing Jiao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiyuan Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xinliang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lanfu Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhimin Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Li J, Wang L, Chen X, Zeng L, Su Y, Liu Z. Characterization of Two AGAMOUS-like Genes and Their Promoters from the Cymbidium faberi (Orchidaceae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2740. [PMID: 37514354 PMCID: PMC10386245 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis AGAMOUS (AG) play roles in determining stamens' and carpels' identities, floral meristem determinacy, and repression of the A-function. Gynostemium fused by stamens and carpels is a characteristic reproductive structure in orchid flowers, which shows a considerable difference from the reproductive organs of eudicots and other monocot species. The molecular basis of orchid gynostemium development remains largely unknown. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of two AG-like genes, CyfaAG1 and CyfaAG2, and their promoters from C. faberi. Both CyfaAG1 and CyfaAG2 are highly expressed in the anther cap, gynostemium, and ovary. Ectopic expression of CyfaAG1 and CyfaAG2 promotes early flowering of wild-type Arabidopsis. Moreover, ectopic expression of CyfaAG1 completely rescues floral defects in the Arabidopsis ag-1 mutant, while ectopic expression of CyfaAG2 only completes filament and carpel development. Our findings suggest that CyfaAG1 acts as an evolutionarily conserved C-function gene in determining reproductive organ identity and mediating floral meristem determinacy. CyfaAG2 redundantly mediates the C-function in floral meristem determinacy and gynostemium development. Our results provided more details to understand how the C-class function has been partitioned in orchids, and the roles of two AG orthologs in regulating gynostemium development in C. faberi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Li
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xiangjian Chen
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Lingtian Zeng
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yalan Su
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
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Dai Z, Yan P, He S, Jia L, Wang Y, Liu Q, Zhai H, Zhao N, Gao S, Zhang H. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of SWEET Family Genes in Sweet Potato and Its Two Diploid Relatives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415848. [PMID: 36555491 PMCID: PMC9785306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET) proteins are key transporters in sugar transportation. They are involved in the regulation of plant growth and development, hormone crosstalk, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, SWEET family genes have not been explored in the sweet potato. In this study, we identified 27, 27, and 25 SWEETs in cultivated hexaploid sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas, 2n = 6x = 90) and its two diploid relatives, Ipomoea trifida (2n = 2x = 30) and Ipomoea triloba (2n = 2x = 30), respectively. These SWEETs were divided into four subgroups according to their phylogenetic relationships with Arabidopsis. The protein physiological properties, chromosome localization, phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, promoter cis-elements, protein interaction networks, and expression patterns of these 79 SWEETs were systematically investigated. The results suggested that homologous SWEETs are differentiated in sweet potato and its two diploid relatives and play various vital roles in plant growth, tuberous root development, carotenoid accumulation, hormone crosstalk, and abiotic stress response. This work provides a comprehensive comparison and furthers our understanding of the SWEET genes in the sweet potato and its two diploid relatives, thereby supplying a theoretical foundation for their functional study and further facilitating the molecular breeding of sweet potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoru Dai
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pengyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaozhen He
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Licong Jia
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, China
| | - Yannan Wang
- Cereal Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qingchang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaopei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-010-6273-2559
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Ma YQ, Pu ZQ, Tan XM, Meng Q, Zhang KL, Yang L, Ma YY, Huang X, Xu ZQ. SEPALLATA--like genes of Isatis indigotica can affect the architecture of the inflorescences and the development of the floral organs. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13034. [PMID: 35251790 PMCID: PMC8896020 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The architecture of inflorescence and the development of floral organs can influence the yield of seeds and have a significant impact on plant propagation. E-class floral homeotic MADS-box genes exhibit important roles in regulation of floral transition and differentiation of floral organs. Woad (Isatis indigotica) possesses unique inflorescence, floral organs and fruit. However, very little research has been carried out to determine the function of MADS-box genes in this medicinal cruciferous plant species. RESULTS SEPALLATA orthologs in I. indigotica were cloned by degenerate PCR. The sequence possessing the highest identity with SEP2 and SEP4 of Arabidopsis were named as IiSEP2 and IiSEP4, respectively. Constitutive expression of IiSEP2 in Columbia (Col-0) ecotype of Arabidopsis led to early flowering, and the number of the flowers and the lateral branches was reduced, indicating an alteration in architecture of the inflorescences. Moreover, the number of the floral organs was declined, the sepals were turned into carpelloid tissues bearing stigmatic papillae and ovules, and secondary flower could be produced in apetalous terminal flowers. In 35S::IiSEP4-GFP transgenic Arabidopsis plants in Landsberg erecta (Ler) genetic background, the number of the floral organs was decreased, sepals were converted into curly carpelloid structures, accompanied by generation of ovules. Simultaneously, the size of petals, stamens and siliques was diminished. In 35S::IiSEP4-GFP transgenic plants of apetalous ap1 cal double mutant in Ler genetic background, the cauliflower phenotype was attenuated significantly, and the petal formation could be rescued. Occasionally, chimeric organs composed of petaloid and sepaloid tissues, or petaloid and stamineous tissues, were produced in IiSEP4 transgenic plants of apl cal double mutant. It suggested that overexpression of IiSEP4 could restore the capacity in petal differentiation. Silencing of IiSEP4 by Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) can delay the flowering time, and reduce the number and size of the floral organs in woad flowers. CONCLUSION All the results showed that SEPALLATA-like genes could influence the architecture of the inflorescence and the determinacy of the floral meristems, and was also related to development of the floral organs.
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Liu H, Yang L, Tu Z, Zhu S, Zhang C, Li H. Genome-wide identification of MIKC-type genes related to stamen and gynoecium development in Liriodendron. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6585. [PMID: 33753780 PMCID: PMC7985208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85927-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The organogenesis and development of reproductive organs, i.e., stamen and gynoecium, are important floral characteristics that are closely related to pollinators and reproductive fitness. As a genus from Magnoliaceae, Liriodendron has only two relict species: L. chinense and L. tulipifera. Despite the similar flower shapes of these species, their natural seed-setting rates differ significantly, implying interspecies difference in floral organogenesis and development. MADS-box genes, which participate in floral organogenesis and development, remain unexplored in Liriodendron. Here, to explore the interspecies difference in floral organogenesis and development and identify MADS-box genes in Liriodendron, we examined the stamen and gynoecium primordia of the two Liriodendron species by scanning electron microscopy combined with paraffin sectioning, and then collected two types of primordia for RNA-seq. A total of 12 libraries were constructed and 42,268 genes were identified, including 35,269 reference genes and 6,999 new genes. Monoterpenoid biosynthesis was enriched in L. tulipifera. Genome-wide analysis of 32 MADS-box genes was conducted, including phylogenetic trees, exon/intron structures, and conserved motif distributions. Twenty-six genes were anchored on 17 scaffolds, and six new genes had no location information. The expression profiles of MIKC-type genes via RT-qPCR acrossing six stamen and gynoecium developmental stages indicates that the PI-like, AG/STK-like, SEP-like, and SVP-like genes may contribute to the species-specific differentiation of the organogenesis and development of reproductive organs in Liriodendron. Our findings laid the groundwork for the future exploration of the mechanism underlying on the interspecific differences in reproductive organ development and fitness in Liriodendron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Liu
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lichun Yang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhonghua Tu
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenghua Zhu
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengge Zhang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huogen Li
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
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Pu ZQ, Ma YY, Lu MX, Ma YQ, Xu ZQ. Cloning of a SEPALLATA4-like gene (IiSEP4) in Isatis indigotica Fortune and characterization of its function in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:229-237. [PMID: 32563851 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
E-class MADS-box genes, SEPALLATA (SEP), participate in various aspects of plant development together with B-, C- and D-class MADS-box genes. IiSEP4, a homologous gene of SEP4, was cloned from Isatis indigotica. IiSEP4 was highly expressed in sepals, and its mRNA was mildly detected in leaves, inflorescences, flowers, stamens and young silicles. Constitutive expression of IiSEP4 in Arabidopsis thaliana caused early flowering, accompanied by the reduction of flowers and floral organs. Moreover, the sepals in some flowers were transformed into carpelloid structures with stigmatic papillae, and obviously accompanied by ovule formation. Yeast two-hybrid assays demonstrated that IiSEP4 interacts with other woad MADS proteins to determine the identity of floral organs. These findings reveal the important roles of IiSEP4 in floral development of I. indigotica. The results of this study can lay a foundation for further study on biological functions of MADS transcriptional factors in I. indigotica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo-Qian Pu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ye-Ye Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Meng-Xin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yan-Qin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zi-Qin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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