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Siddig EE, Mohamed NS, Ahmed A. Severe coinfection of dengue and malaria: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e9079. [PMID: 38868112 PMCID: PMC11166561 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.9079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message In countries like Sudan, where several infectious diseases are prevalent, health care providers should not be satisfied with initial detection of a single pathogen and whenever it is feasible, they should investigate coinfections. Infections with high mortality or severe morbidity should be prioritized during the differential diagnosis particularly for diseases with similar clinical manifestations to reduce the death and disability rates. However, this requires substantial improvement in the diagnostic capacity. Abstract Here we report a case of dengue and malaria coinfection from the southeast region of Sudan, bordering Ethiopia and Eritrea. A 25-year-old male from Sudan presented with symptoms of fever, chills, vomiting, and muscle and joint pain. Laboratory investigations confirmed a coinfection of dengue and malaria, which is assumingly not uncommon in areas heavily syndemic with several diseases but it is severely under-detected, underreported, and underestimated. The case has fully recovered after the supportive care for dengue and chemotherapy treatment for malaria. In such a case, it was important to monitor the patient's recovery and the treatment outcome through clinical indicators and laboratory parameters to update the treatment course whenever needed, according to response. The increasing burden and outbreaks of vector-borne diseases including dengue and malaria in Sudan, indicates the need for improving the implementation of the global vector control response that established by the World Health Organization. Additionally, the increasing prevalent of coinfections is urging substantial improvement in the diagnostic capacity in endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Edwar Siddig
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory SciencesUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesErasmusMC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Nouh Saad Mohamed
- Molecular Biology UnitSirius Training and Research CentreKhartoumSudan
| | - Ayman Ahmed
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH)AllschwilSwitzerland
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Institute of Endemic DiseasesUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
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Ahmed A, EL‐Sadig SM, Eltigani HF, Bongomin F, Siddig EE. The first Helicobacter pylori-induced Guillain-Barré syndrome in Sudan. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e8204. [PMID: 38028082 PMCID: PMC10645600 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message This case report highlights the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the development of GBS. Healthcare providers should consider H. pylori in their differential diagnosis for patients with neurological syndromes. Astract We report the first known case of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in Sudan. This case highlights the role of H. pylori infection in the development of GBS. It also emphasizes the importance of wide screening of different endemic infections for patients with neurological syndromes for early detection and improves the case management in resource-limited settings like Sudan. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms of H. pylori-inducing neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Ahmed
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH)AllschwilSwitzerland
- University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Institute of Endemic DiseaseUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
| | | | | | - Felix Bongomin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of MedicineGulu UniversityGuluUganda
| | - Emmanuel Edwar Siddig
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory SciencesUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, ErasmusMCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
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Mohamed DM, SalahEldin MA, Idris AB, Idris EB, Mohamed SG, Badawi MM. Pneumonia in Sudan: Systematic and Scoping Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e46473. [PMID: 37927707 PMCID: PMC10623489 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to excessive burden of non-communicable diseases, natural and manmade disasters, and internal conflicts, Sudan is predominantly susceptible to communicable diseases, such as malaria, tuberculosis, and pneumonia, which bring about an extra burden of demand for high-quality healthcare. According to the WHO and the Sudan Health Observatory, pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death in Sudan. This study therefore aimed to illustrate pneumonia literature in Sudan, estimate infection prevalence regardless of the cause among Sudanese children and adults, and demonstrate its related risk factors. A systematic and scoping review of the literature was conducted and regulated in accordance to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). After abstract and full-text screening, only 15 articles met our inclusion criteria and passed the quality assessment procedure. Seven included studies determined prevalence of pneumonia; the overall pooled prevalence was around 30%. Furthermore, 12 research articles investigated risk factors related to pneumonia among Sudanese population. Further research with larger sample sizes targeting risk factors of pneumonia among Sudanese population is needed to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Mohamed
- Internal Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, OMN
| | - M A SalahEldin
- Medical Microbiology, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SDN
| | - A B Idris
- General Surgery, Sudan Medical Specialization Board, Khartoum, SDN
| | - E B Idris
- Medical Microbiology, Rashid Medical Complex, Riyadh, SAU
| | - S G Mohamed
- Medical Microbiology, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, SDN
| | - Marwan M Badawi
- Medical Unit, Higher Academy for Strategic and Security Studies, Khartoum, SDN
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Ali Y, Siddig EE, Mohamed N, Ahmed A. Rift Valley fever and malaria co-infection: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7926. [PMID: 37731970 PMCID: PMC10507219 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message We report a case of febrile illness that was presented with mild symptoms. However, laboratory investigation confirmed a malaria and Rift Valley fever co-infection. Healthcare providers in settings endemic with several infectious diseases should seek rolling out possibilities of other infections prior to starting treatment for achieving effective case management with less resources and better safety of patients. Abstract Here we report a case of febrile illness that confirmed to be a co-infection of malaria and Rift Valley fever. The patient was initially diagnosed with malaria and started on treatment immediately. However, due to the lack of response to the treatment further laboratory investigations were pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousif Ali
- Sudan Field Epidemiology Training, Health Emergencies and Epidemics Control General DirectorateSudan Federal Ministry of HealthKhartoumSudan
| | - Emmanuel Edwar Siddig
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory SciencesUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesErasmus University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Nouh Mohamed
- Molecular Biology UnitSirius Training and Research CentreKhartoumSudan
| | - Ayman Ahmed
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH)AllschwilSwitzerland
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Institute of Endemic DiseasesUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
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Siddig EE, Ahmed A, Eltigani HF, Bakhiet SM, van de Sande WWJ, Fahal AH. The First Case of Fusarium falciforme Eumycetoma in Sudan and an Extensive Literature Review about Treatment Worldwide. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:730. [PMID: 37504719 PMCID: PMC10381130 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Eumycetoma is an infectious disease caused by various fungal pathogens. The disease is characterised by black and pale-yellowish grain discharge. In this communication, we report a case of eumycetoma with a pale grain foot-eumycetoma caused by Fusarium falciforme. The patient presented at the outpatient clinic of the Mycetoma Research Centre in Sudan. The causative agent was initially misidentified as Aspergillus nidulans based on its seemingly similar histopathological appearance. However, sequencing the internally transcribed spacer region of the extracted grain confirmed infection with Fusarium falciforme. Although the patient received Itraconazole and underwent surgical excision, the disease was recurrent. To our knowledge, this is the first report on Fusarium falciforme causing eumycetoma in Sudan, indicating the expansion of the geographical distribution of this pathogen. This calls for raising the awareness of healthcare providers and improving the diagnostic and surveillance systems in at-risk areas to improve the case management and reduce the threat of further spread. Considering the potential impacts of F. falciforme infection including threatening the global health, food security, and ecosystem balance, as well as loss of biodiversity and negative socioeconomic changes in endemic countries, we recommend the implementation of an integrated transdisciplinary One Health strategy for the prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases including F. falciforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Edwar Siddig
- The Mycetoma Research Center, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
- ErasmusMC, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Unit of Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11115, Sudan
| | - Ayman Ahmed
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Allschwil, CH-4123 Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | | | | | - Wendy W J van de Sande
- ErasmusMC, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Hassan Fahal
- The Mycetoma Research Center, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
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Ahmed A, El‐Amin R, Musa AM, Elsayed MA, Fahal LA, Ahmed ES, Ali Y, Nebie IE, Mohamed NS, Zinsstag J, Siddig EE, EL‐Sadig SM. Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: A case series. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e6988. [PMID: 36852114 PMCID: PMC9957700 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this communication, we reported a series of six patients presented with Guillain-Barré syndrome that associated with COVID-19 infection, which was confirmed with RT-PCR. Here we discuss the laboratory investigation and case management, as well as clinical presentation and outcome of each case. The current report demonstrated the first case series of COVID-19-associated GBS-cases in Sudan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Ahmed
- Institute of Endemic DiseaseUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH)AllschwilSwitzerland,University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Rahba El‐Amin
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
| | | | | | | | | | - Yousif Ali
- Health Emergencies and Epidemics Control General DirectorateSudan Federal Ministry of HealthKhartoumSudan
| | - Ipyn Eric Nebie
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH)AllschwilSwitzerland,University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Nouh Saad Mohamed
- Molecular Biology UnitSirius Training and Research CentreKhartoumSudan
| | - Jakob Zinsstag
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH)AllschwilSwitzerland,University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Emmanuel Edwar Siddig
- Mycetoma Research CentreUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan,Faculty of Medical Laboratory SciencesUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
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Knust B, Wongjindanon N, Moe AA, Herath L, Kaloy W, Soe TT, Sataranon P, Oo HM, Myat KZ, Win Z, Htet M, Htike M, Sudhiprapha B, Pyone AA, Win TP, Win HZ, Sawatwong P, Watthanaworawit W, Ling C, Gunaratne S, Lynn SA, Bhandari L, Nosten F, Skaggs B. Enhancing Respiratory Disease Surveillance to Detect COVID-19 in Shelters for Displaced Persons, Thailand-Myanmar Border, 2020-2021. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:S17-S25. [PMID: 36502383 PMCID: PMC9745244 DOI: 10.3201/eid2813.220324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed surveillance guidance for COVID-19 in 9 temporary camps for displaced persons along the Thailand-Myanmar border. Arrangements were made for testing of persons presenting with acute respiratory infection, influenza-like illness, or who met the Thailand national COVID-19 Person Under Investigation case definition. In addition, testing was performed for persons who had traveled outside of the camps in outbreak-affected areas or who departed Thailand as resettling refugees. During the first 18 months of surveillance, May 2020-October 2021, a total of 6,190 specimens were tested, and 15 outbreaks (i.e., >1 confirmed COVID-19 cases) were detected in 7 camps. Of those, 5 outbreaks were limited to a single case. Outbreaks during the Delta variant surge were particularly challenging to control. Adapting and implementing COVID-19 surveillance measures in the camp setting were successful in detecting COVID-19 outbreaks and preventing widespread disease during the initial phase of the pandemic in Thailand.
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Ahmed A, Abubakr M, Sami H, Mahdi I, Mohamed NS, Zinsstag J. The First Molecular Detection of Aedes albopictus in Sudan Associates with Increased Outbreaks of Chikungunya and Dengue. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911802. [PMID: 36233103 PMCID: PMC9570206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of our surveys of the invasive malaria vector Anopheles stephensi in four Sudanese states, including North and South Kordofan, Sennar, and White Nile, we collected 166 larvae. Our morphological identification confirmed that 30% of the collected mosquito samples were Anopheles species, namely An. gambiae s.l. and An. stephensi, while the 117 Aedes specimens were Ae. luteocephalus (39%), Ae. aegypti (32%), Ae. vexans (9%), Ae. vittatus (9%), Ae. africanus (6%), Ae. metalicus (3%), and Ae. albopictus (3%). Considering the serious threat of Ae. albopictus emergence for the public health in the area and our limited resources, we prioritized Ae. albopictus samples for further genomic analysis. We extracted the DNA from the three specimens and subsequently sequenced the cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) gene and confirmed their identity as Aedes albopictus and their potential origin by phylogenetic and haplotype analyses. Aedes albopictus, originating from Southeast Asia, is an invasive key vector of chikungunya and dengue. This is the first report and molecular characterization of Ae. albopictus from Sudan. Our sequences cluster with populations from the Central African Republic and La Réunion. Worryingly, this finding associates with a major increase in chikungunya and dengue outbreaks in rural areas of the study region and might be linked to the mosquito’s spread across the region. The emergence of Ae. albopictus in Sudan is of serious public health concern and urges for the improvement of the vector surveillance and control system through the implementation of an integrated molecular xenosurveillance. The threat of major arboviral diseases in the region underlines the need for the institutionalization of the One Health strategy for the prevention and control of future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Ahmed
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
- Molecular Biology Unit, Sirius Training and Research Centre, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +249-123997091
| | - Mustafa Abubakr
- Directorate of Environmental Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | - Hamza Sami
- Directorate of the Integrated Vector Management (IVM), Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | - Isam Mahdi
- Directorate of the Integrated Vector Management (IVM), Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | - Nouh S. Mohamed
- Molecular Biology Unit, Sirius Training and Research Centre, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | - Jakob Zinsstag
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
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