1
|
Doras C, Özcelik R, Abakar MF, Issa R, Kimala P, Youssouf S, Bolon I, Dürr S. Community-based symptom reporting among agro-pastoralists and their livestock in Chad in a One Health approach. Acta Trop 2024; 253:107167. [PMID: 38458407 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
One Health Syndromic Surveillance has a high potential for detecting early epidemiological events in remote and hard-to-reach populations. Chadian pastoralists living close to their animals and being socio-economically unprivileged have an increased risk for zoonosis exposure. Engaging communities in disease surveillance could also strengthen preparedness capacities for outbreaks in rural Chad. This study describes a retrospective cross-sectional survey that collected data on clinical symptoms reported in people and livestock in Chadian agro-pastoral communities. In January-February 2018, interviews were conducted in rural households living in nomadic camps or settled villages in the Yao and Danamadji health districts. The questionnaire covered demographic data and symptoms reported in humans and animals for the hot, wet, and cold seasons over the last 12 months. Incidence rates of human and animal symptoms were comparatively analyzed at the household level. Ninety-two households with a homogeneous socio-demographic distribution were included. We observed cough and diarrhea as the most frequent symptoms reported simultaneously in humans and animals. In all species, the incidence rate of cough was significantly higher during the cold season, and diarrhea tended to occur more frequently during the wet season. However, the incidence rate of cough and diarrhea in animals did not predict the incidence rate of these symptoms in humans. Overall, the variations in reported symptoms were consistent with known seasonal, regional, and sociological influences on endemic diseases. Our retrospective study demonstrated the feasibility of collecting relevant health data in humans and animals in remote regions with low access to health services by actively involving community members. This encourages establishing real-time community-based syndromic surveillance in areas such as rural Chad.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Doras
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ranya Özcelik
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Ramadan Issa
- Institut de Recherche en Elevage pour le Développement (IRED), N'Djamena, Chad
| | - Pidou Kimala
- Institut de Recherche en Elevage pour le Développement (IRED), N'Djamena, Chad
| | - Soumaya Youssouf
- Institut de Recherche en Elevage pour le Développement (IRED), N'Djamena, Chad
| | - Isabelle Bolon
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Salome Dürr
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oluoch GO, Otundo D, Nyawacha S, Ongeri D, Smith M, Meta V, Trelfa A, Ahmed S, Harrison RA, Lalloo DG, Stienstra Y, Tianyi FL. Conducting epidemiological studies on snakebite in nomadic populations: A methodological paper. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011792. [PMID: 38153942 PMCID: PMC10754435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research on snakebite has mostly been conducted on settled populations and current risk factors and potential interventions are therefore most suited for these populations. There is limited epidemiological data on mobile and nomadic populations, who may have a higher risk of snakebite. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a scoping review to gather evidence on survey methods used in nomadic populations and compared them with contemporary survey methods used for snakebite research. Only 16 (10.5%) of 154 articles reportedly conducted on pastoralist nomadic populations actually involved mobile pastoralists. All articles describing snakebite surveys (n = 18) used multistage cluster designs on population census sampling frames, which would not be appropriate for nomadic populations. We used geospatial techniques and open-source high-resolution satellite images to create a digital sampling frame of 50,707 households and used a multistage sampling strategy to survey nomadic and semi-nomadic populations in Samburu County, Kenya. From a sample of 900 geo-located households, we correctly identified and collected data from 573 (65.4%) households, of which 409 were in their original locations and 164 had moved within 5km of their original locations. We randomly sampled 302 (34.6%) households to replace completely abandoned and untraceable households. CONCLUSION Highly mobile populations require specific considerations in selecting or creating sampling frames and sampling units for epidemiological research. Snakebite risk has a strong spatial component and using census-based sampling frames would be inappropriate in nomadic populations. We propose using open-source satellite imaging and geographic information systems to improve the conduct of epidemiological research in these populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George O. Oluoch
- Kenya Snakebite Research and Intervention Centre, Kenya Institute of Primate Research, Ministry of Health, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya
- Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Denis Otundo
- Kenya Snakebite Research and Intervention Centre, Kenya Institute of Primate Research, Ministry of Health, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Trelfa
- Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sayem Ahmed
- Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A. Harrison
- Kenya Snakebite Research and Intervention Centre, Kenya Institute of Primate Research, Ministry of Health, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya
- Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - David G. Lalloo
- Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ymkje Stienstra
- Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank-Leonel Tianyi
- Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Visclosky T, Hashikawa A, Kroner E. Discovery of a Hidden Schistosomiasis Endemic in the Salamat Region of Chad, Africa. GLOBAL HEALTH: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022; 10:GHSP-D-20-00703. [PMID: 35294372 PMCID: PMC8885350 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-20-00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Visclosky
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Andrew Hashikawa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eric Kroner
- The Evangelical Alliance Mission, Grapevine, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moser W, Batil AA, Ott R, Abderamane M, Clements R, Wampfler R, Poppert S, Steinmann P, Allan F, Greter H. High prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in a desert population: results from an exploratory study around the Ounianga lakes in Chad. Infect Dis Poverty 2022; 11:5. [PMID: 34991728 PMCID: PMC8740043 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-021-00930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researching a water-borne disease in the middle of the Sahara desert might not seem the most relevant concern. However, nomadic Sahelian pastoralists health concerns regarding their livestock and anecdotal reports about trematode infections of Fasciola spp. and Schistosoma spp. in desert-raised animals justified an exploratory study focusing on the lakes of Ounianga in Northern Chad. The aim was to test whether trematode parasites such as Schistosoma spp. occur in human populations living around the Sahara desert lakes of Ounianga Kebir and Ounianga Serir in northern Chad. METHODS The study was carried out in January 2019 and comprised of three components. First, a cross sectional survey based on a random sample drawn from the population to detect infections with S. haematobium and S. mansoni; second, focus group discussions exploring disease priorities, access to health and health seeking behaviour; and third, surveying water contact sites for intermediate host snails. Samples of trematode parasites and snails were confirmed on species level by molecular genetic methods. For parasitological and malacological surveys descriptive statistics were performed. Qualitative data analysis included the full review of all transcripts, followed by a descriptive and explorative thematic analysis. RESULTS Among 258 participants, the overall S. haematobium prevalence using urine filtration was 39.2% [95% confidence interval (CI): 33.5-45.1%], with 51.5% of the infected suffering from heavy infection. The intermediate host snail of S. haematobium (Bulinus truncatus) occurred at water contact sites near both study villages, revealing the potential for local transmission. Although a positive S. mansoni point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) test result was obtained from 8.6% (95% CI 5.7-12.8%) of the samples, no intermediate host snails of S. mansoni were found, and the relevance of S. mansoni remains uncertain. Qualitative findings underline the importance of morbidity caused by urinary schistosomiasis, and the lack of access to diagnostics and treatment as a major health concern. CONCLUSIONS This research revealed a high prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in the population living around the lakes of Ounianga in the Sahara, a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) world heritage site in Chad. Despite the high public health importance of the associated morbidity expressed by the population, there is no access to diagnostics and treatment. Further work is needed to develop and test a context-adapted intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendelin Moser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Rebekka Ott
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Ruth Clements
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Rahel Wampfler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sven Poppert
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Steinmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fiona Allan
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Helena Greter
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kouadio JN, Giovanoli Evack J, Achi LY, Balmer O, Utzinger J, N'Goran EK, Bonfoh B, Hattendorf J, Zinsstag J. Efficacy of triclabendazole and albendazole against Fasciola spp. infection in cattle in Côte d'Ivoire: a randomised blinded trial. Acta Trop 2021; 222:106039. [PMID: 34252386 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Triclabendazole is the anthelminthic of choice for the treatment of fascioliasis, however, it is only registered in a few countries. We investigated the efficacy of a single-dose of triclabendazole (12 mg/kg) or albendazole (15 mg/kg) against Fasciola spp. infection in cattle on farms in the northern part of Côte d'Ivoire in a randomized clinical trial. Faecal samples were obtained from 196 cattle, of which 155 (79.1%) were found positive for Fasciola spp. by the sedimentation technique. Cattle infected with Fasciola spp. were randomly allocated (3:3:1) to receive triclabendazole (n = 66), albendazole (n = 67) or left untreated to serve as control (n = 22). Follow-up faecal samples were collected on days 21, 28, 90 and 188 post-treatment. No adverse events were observed as reported by farmers in any of the treatment groups. The proportion of non-egg shedding cattle, assessed at day 21 (primary outcome), was significantly higher in cattle treated with triclabendazole (95.4%) compared to those receiving albendazole (70.3%; odds ratio [OR] 8.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.43-31.28, p <0.001). The egg reduction rate (ERR) expressed as number of eggs per gram of faeces, a secondary endpoint assessed at day 21 post-treatment, was significantly higher in the triclabendazole arm (arithmetic mean (AM) ERR = 99.8%) than in the albendazole arm (AM ERR = 92.2%), with a difference of 7.6%-points (95% CI: 0.9-14.5%-points, p=0.026). This is the first report of efficacy of triclabendazole against Fasciola spp. in naturally infected cattle in Côte d'Ivoire. Our results confirm that triclabendazole is the most effective treatment of fascioliasis and therefore, should be considered for the control of livestock fascioliasis; if resources allow in combination with intermediate host snail control and raising farmers awareness of pasture and livestock management to avoid reinfection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jules N Kouadio
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 770, Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire; Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 1303, Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jennifer Giovanoli Evack
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Louise Y Achi
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 1303, Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire; Ecole de Spécialisation en Elevage et des Métiers de la Viande de Bingerville, BP 58, Bingerville, Côte d'Ivoire; Laboratoire National d'Appui au Développement Agricole (LANADA), 04 BP 612, Abidjan 04, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Oliver Balmer
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eliézer K N'Goran
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 770, Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire; Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 1303, Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Bassirou Bonfoh
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 1303, Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Jan Hattendorf
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Zinsstag
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Caravedo MA, Cabada MM. Human Fascioliasis: Current Epidemiological Status and Strategies for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control. Res Rep Trop Med 2020; 11:149-158. [PMID: 33273878 PMCID: PMC7705270 DOI: 10.2147/rrtm.s237461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of the Review This review aims to critically assess current knowledge about the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of Fasciola infection in humans. Recent Findings Fascioliasis is an emerging neglected zoonotic infection affecting the health and wellbeing of human populations. The burden of infection is unclear, and studies have shown the geographic expansion of fascioliasis in human and livestock likely related to climate change. The infection can be asymptomatic or present in acute or chronic forms. Regardless of the presentation, fascioliasis can be associated with long-term complications such as anemia and malnutrition. Early in the infection, antibody testing is the only tool available for diagnosis confirmation. In the chronic forms serology and stool microscopy are helpful. Other tests such as antigen detection and PCR-based methods including isothermal tests have shown promising results. Triclabendazole is the only drug available to treat Fasciola infection. However, reports of resistant infections in livestock and human threaten the clinical care and control of the infection in endemic areas. Summary Fascioliasis is an emerging infection around the world with an uncertain burden. Lack of standardization of diagnostic testing and treatment alternatives hinder treatment and control of the infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alejandra Caravedo
- Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Miguel Mauricio Cabada
- Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Cusco Branch - Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kouadio JN, Giovanoli Evack J, Achi LY, Fritsche D, Ouattara M, Silué KD, Bonfoh B, Hattendorf J, Utzinger J, Zinsstag J, Balmer O, N'Goran EK. Prevalence and distribution of livestock schistosomiasis and fascioliasis in Côte d'Ivoire: results from a cross-sectional survey. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:446. [PMID: 33203412 PMCID: PMC7672978 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosoma and Fasciola are zoonotic parasites of public health and veterinary importance. However, while the epidemiology of schistosomiasis in humans is well studied, little is known about fascioliasis and schistosomiasis in livestock in Côte d'Ivoire. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and the distribution of livestock schistosomiasis and fascioliasis across Côte d'Ivoire. In 2018, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in abattoirs and farms in 13 departments of Côte d'Ivoire. In abattoirs, the mesenteric veins and livers of slaughtered cattle, sheep and goats were examined for adult Schistosoma and Fasciola flukes. Faeces from live cattle, goats and sheep were collected and examined for Schistosoma and Fasciola eggs using a sedimentation technique. RESULTS A total of 386 cattle, 174 goats and 151 sheep from abattoirs and 435 cattle, 22 goats and 176 sheep from farms were sampled. The observed prevalence of schistosomiasis was higher in slaughtered animals. Fascioliasis was more prevalent in farm animals. The prevalence of schistosomiasis in slaughtered cattle varied between 5.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7-19.7%) and 53.3% (95% CI: 37.9-68.3%) with the highest prevalence observed in Ouangolodougou in the North. Cattle from farms had a relatively low prevalence of schistosomiasis, with the highest prevalence found in Ouangolodougou (2.4%, 95% CI: 0.7-6.1%). The prevalence of fascioliasis varied considerably from one department to another, ranging from nil (95% CI: 0.0-18.5%) to 50.8% (95% CI: 43.4-58.2%), with the highest prevalence found in farm cattle in Dikodougou in the North. Sheep and goats had a lower prevalence of schistosomiasis and fascioliasis than cattle. In slaughtered animals, cattle aged 4 years and older were at highest risk for schistosomiasis (odds ratio (OR): 2.4; 95% CI: 1.0-5.6) and fascioliasis (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1-3.9). In farm animals, male cattle had higher odds of being infected with Schistosoma (OR: 4.3; 95% CI: 0.7-26.9) than females. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that schistosomiasis and fascioliasis are endemic in livestock across Côte d'Ivoire. A strategic control programme should be considered, especially for cattle, including providing drinking water in troughs to reduce faecal contamination of water sources by cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jules N Kouadio
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 770 Abidjan 22, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. .,Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. .,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, P.O. Box CH-4001, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jennifer Giovanoli Evack
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, P.O. Box CH-4001, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Louise Y Achi
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Ecole de Spécialisation en Elevage et des Métiers de la Viande de Bingerville, BP 58 Bingerville, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Dominik Fritsche
- University of Zurich, Ramistrasse 71, P.O. Box CH-8006, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mamadou Ouattara
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 770 Abidjan 22, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Kigbafori D Silué
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 770 Abidjan 22, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Bassirou Bonfoh
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Jan Hattendorf
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, P.O. Box CH-4001, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, P.O. Box CH-4001, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Zinsstag
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, P.O. Box CH-4001, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Balmer
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, P.O. Box CH-4001, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eliézer K N'Goran
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 770 Abidjan 22, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wild H, Mendonsa E, Trautwein M, Edwards J, Jowell A, GebreGiorgis Kidanu A, Tschopp R, Barry M. Health interventions among mobile pastoralists: a systematic review to guide health service design. Trop Med Int Health 2020; 25:1332-1352. [PMID: 32881232 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mobile pastoralists are one of the last populations to be reached by health services and are frequently missed by health campaigns. Since health interventions among pastoralists have been staged across a range of disciplines but have not yet been systematically characterised, we set out to fill this gap. METHODS We conducted a systematic search in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, CINAL, Web of Science, WHO Catalog, AGRICOLA, CABI, ScIELO, Google Scholar and grey literature repositories to identify records that described health interventions, facilitators and barriers to intervention success, and factors influencing healthcare utilisation among mobile pastoralists. No date restrictions were applied. Due to the heterogeneity of reports captured in this review, data were primarily synthesised through narrative analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed for data elements presented by a majority of records. RESULTS Our search yielded 4884 non-duplicate records, of which 140 eligible reports were included in analysis. 89.3% of reports presented data from sub-Saharan Africa, predominantly in East Africa (e.g. Ethiopia, 30.0%; Kenya, 17.1%). Only 24.3% of reports described an interventional study, while the remaining 75.7% described secondary data of interest on healthcare utilisation. Only two randomised controlled trials were present in our analysis, and only five reports presented data on cost. The most common facilitators of intervention success were cultural sensitivity (n = 16), community engagement (n = 12) and service mobility (n = 11). CONCLUSION Without adaptations to account for mobile pastoralists' unique subsistence patterns and cultural context, formal health services leave pastoralists behind. Research gaps, including neglect of certain geographic regions, lack of both interventional studies and diversity of study design, and limited data on economic feasibility of interventions must be addressed to inform the design of health services capable of reaching mobile pastoralists. Pastoralist-specific delivery strategies, such as combinations of mobile and 'temporary fixed' services informed by transhumance patterns, culturally acceptable waiting homes, community-directed interventions and combined joint human-animal One Health design as well as the bundling of other health services, have shown initial promise upon which future work should build.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Wild
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Micah Trautwein
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Ashley Jowell
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Rea Tschopp
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michele Barry
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,The Center for Innovation in Global Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Giovanoli Evack J, Schmidt RS, Boltryk SD, Voss TS, Batil AA, Ngandolo BN, Greter H, Utzinger J, Zinsstag J, Balmer O. Molecular Confirmation of a Fasciola gigantica × Fasciola hepatica Hybrid in a Chadian Bovine. J Parasitol 2020; 106:316-322. [PMID: 32330281 DOI: 10.1645/19-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascioliasis is a zoonotic infection of humans and, more commonly, ruminants. It is caused by 2 liver fluke species, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica, which differ in size. The traditional morphological methods used to distinguish the 2 species can be unreliable, particularly in the presence of hybrids between the 2 species. The development of advanced molecular methods has allowed for more definitive identification of Fasciola species, including their hybrids. Hybrids are of concern, as it is thought that they could acquire advantageous traits such as increased pathogenicity and host range. In 2013, we collected flukes from Fasciola-positive cattle, sheep, and goats slaughtered in 4 Chadian abattoirs. DNA from 27 flukes was extracted, amplified, and analyzed to identify species using the ITS1+2 locus. Twenty-six of the 27 flukes were identified as F. gigantica, while the remaining fluke showed heterozygosity at all variable sites that distinguish F. hepatica and F. gigantica. Cloning and sequencing of both alleles confirmed the presence of 1 F. hepatica and 1 F. gigantica allele. To our knowledge, this is the first unambiguous, molecular demonstration of the presence of such a hybrid in a bovine in sub-Saharan Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Giovanoli Evack
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Remo S Schmidt
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sylwia D Boltryk
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Till S Voss
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annour A Batil
- Institut de Recherche en Elevage pour le Développement, Boîte Postale 473, N'Djamena, Chad
| | - Bongo N Ngandolo
- Institut de Recherche en Elevage pour le Développement, Boîte Postale 473, N'Djamena, Chad
| | - Helena Greter
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Zinsstag
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Balmer
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Laidemitt MR, Anderson LC, Wearing HJ, Mutuku MW, Mkoji GM, Loker ES. Antagonism between parasites within snail hosts impacts the transmission of human schistosomiasis. eLife 2019; 8:e50095. [PMID: 31845890 PMCID: PMC6917487 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human disease agents exist within complex environments that have underappreciated effects on transmission, especially for parasites with multi-host life cycles. We examined the impact of multiple host and parasite species on transmission of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni in Kenya. We show S. mansoni is impacted by cattle and wild vertebrates because of their role in supporting trematode parasites, the larvae of which have antagonistic interactions with S. mansoni in their shared Biomphalaria vector snails. We discovered the abundant cattle trematode, Calicophoron sukari, fails to develop in Biomphalaria pfeifferi unless S. mansoni larvae are present in the same snail. Further development of S. mansoni is subsequently prevented by C. sukari's presence. Modeling indicated that removal of C. sukari would increase S. mansoni-infected snails by two-fold. Predictable exploitation of aquatic habitats by humans and their cattle enable C. sukari to exploit S. mansoni, thereby limiting transmission of this human pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina R Laidemitt
- Department of BiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueUnited States
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI)University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueUnited States
| | - Larissa C Anderson
- Department of BiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueUnited States
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI)University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueUnited States
| | - Helen J Wearing
- Department of BiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueUnited States
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI)University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueUnited States
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueUnited States
| | - Martin W Mutuku
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and DevelopmentKenya Medical Research InstituteNairobiKenya
| | - Gerald M Mkoji
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and DevelopmentKenya Medical Research InstituteNairobiKenya
| | - Eric S Loker
- Department of BiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueUnited States
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI)University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mosites E, Lujan E, Brook M, Brubaker M, Roehl D, Tcheripanoff M, Hennessy T. Environmental observation, social media, and One Health action: A description of the Local Environmental Observer (LEO) Network. One Health 2018; 6:29-33. [PMID: 30386813 PMCID: PMC6205347 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a result of the close relationships between Arctic residents and the environment, climate change has a disproportionate impact on Arctic communities. Despite the need for One Health responses to climate change, environmental monitoring is difficult to conduct in Arctic regions. The Local Environmental Observer (LEO) Network is a global social media network that recruits citizen scientists to collect environmental observations on social media. We examined the processes of the LEO Network, numbers of members and observations, and three case studies that depict One Health action enabled by the system. From February 2012 to July 2017, the LEO Network gained 1870 members in 35 countries. In this time period, 670 environmental observations were posted. Examples that resulted in One Health action include those involving food sources, wild fire smoke, and thawing permafrost. The LEO network is an example of a One Health resource that stimulates action to protect the health of communities around the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mosites
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, United States
| | - Erica Lujan
- Center for Climate and Health, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, United States
| | - Michael Brook
- Center for Climate and Health, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, United States
| | - Michael Brubaker
- Center for Climate and Health, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, United States
| | - Desirae Roehl
- Center for Climate and Health, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, United States
| | - Moses Tcheripanoff
- Center for Climate and Health, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, United States
| | - Thomas Hennessy
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Heymann DL, Jay J, Kock R. The One Health path to infectious disease prevention and resilience. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2018; 111:233-234. [PMID: 29044375 PMCID: PMC7107272 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trx052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David L Heymann
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Jonathan Jay
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard Kock
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| |
Collapse
|