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Lorenzo Juanes HM, Carbonell C, Sendra BF, López-Bernus A, Bahamonde A, Orfao A, Lista CV, Ledesma MS, Negredo AI, Rodríguez-Alonso B, Bua BR, Sánchez-Seco MP, Muñoz Bellido JL, Muro A, Belhassen-García M. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, Spain, 2013-2021. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:252-259. [PMID: 36692301 PMCID: PMC9881766 DOI: 10.3201/eid2902.220677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral infectious disease for which distribution of the main vector, Hyalomma spp. ticks, is expanding. We analyzed all 10 cases of CCHF diagnosed in Spain during 2013-2021; case-patient median age was 56.5 years, and 7 were men. We identified CCHF virus genotypes III and V. Six case-patients acquired the infection in urban areas. Sixty percent of patients were infected in summer and 40% in spring. Two patients met criteria for hemophagocytic syndrome. Seven patients survived. The epidemiologic pattern of CCHF in Spain is based on occasional cases with an elevated mortality rate. Genotype III and, to a less extent also genotype V, CCHF circulates in humans in a common geographic area in Spain. Those data suggest that the expansion pathways are complex and may change over time. Physicians should remain alert to the possibility of new CCHF cases.
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Monsalve Arteaga L, Muñoz Bellido JL, Vieira Lista MC, Vicente Santiago MB, Fernández Soto P, Bas I, Leralta N, de Ory Manchón F, Negredo AI, Sánchez Seco MP, Alonso Sardón M, Pérez González S, Jiménez Del Bianco A, Blanco Peris L, Alamo-Sanz R, Hewson R, Belhassen-García M, Muro A. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus-specific antibody detection in blood donors, Castile-León, Spain, summer 2017 and 2018. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25. [PMID: 32183933 PMCID: PMC7078822 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.10.1900507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundCrimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is considered an emerging or even a probable re-emerging pathogen in southern Europe. Presence of this virus had been reported previously in Spain in 2010.AimWe aimed to evaluate the potential circulation of CCHFV in western Spain with a serosurvey in asymptomatic adults (blood donors).MethodsDuring 2017 and 2018, we conducted a CCHFV serosurvey in randomly selected asymptomatic blood donors from western Spain. Three assays using specific IgG antibodies against CCHFV were performed: the VectoCrimea ELISA test, an in-house ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence (EuroImmun) test with glycoprotein and nucleoprotein.ResultsA total of 516 blood donors participated in this cross-sectional study. The majority of the study participants were male (68.4%), and the mean age was 46.3 years. Most of the participants came from rural areas (86.8%) and 68.6% had contact with animals and 20.9% had animal husbandry practices. One in five participants (109/516, 21.1%) were engaged in at-risk professional activities such as agriculture and shepherding, slaughtering, hunting, veterinary and healthcare work (mainly nursing staff and laboratory technicians). A total of 15.3% of the participants were bitten by ticks in the days or months before the date of sampling. We detected anti-CCHFV IgG antibodies with two diagnostic assays in three of the 516 individuals and with one diagnostic assay in six of the 516 individuals.ConclusionSeroprevalence of CCHFV was between 0.58% and 1.16% in Castile-León, Spain. This is the first study in western Spain that showed circulation of CCHFV in healthy people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lía Monsalve Arteaga
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Group (e-INTRO). IBSAL-CIETUS (Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Muñoz Bellido
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas y del Diagnóstico, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Servicio de Microbiología y Parasitología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Carmen Vieira Lista
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Group (e-INTRO). IBSAL-CIETUS (Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Belén Vicente Santiago
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Group (e-INTRO). IBSAL-CIETUS (Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pedro Fernández Soto
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Group (e-INTRO). IBSAL-CIETUS (Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel Bas
- Arbovirus and Imported Viral Diseases Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Red de Investigación Colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Leralta
- Arbovirus and Imported Viral Diseases Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Red de Investigación Colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando de Ory Manchón
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Ciber en Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Negredo
- Arbovirus and Imported Viral Diseases Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Red de Investigación Colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Paz Sánchez Seco
- Arbovirus and Imported Viral Diseases Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Red de Investigación Colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Alonso Sardón
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Group (e-INTRO). IBSAL-CIETUS (Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sonia Pérez González
- Center for Hemodonation and Hemotherapy of Castilla y León (CHEMCYL), Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Lydia Blanco Peris
- Center for Hemodonation and Hemotherapy of Castilla y León (CHEMCYL), Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Roger Hewson
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Moncef Belhassen-García
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Group (e-INTRO). IBSAL-CIETUS (Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Antonio Muro
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Group (e-INTRO). IBSAL-CIETUS (Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Ballinger MJ, Taylor DJ. Evolutionary persistence of insect bunyavirus infection despite host acquisition and expression of the viral nucleoprotein gene. Virus Evol 2019; 5:vez017. [PMID: 31308960 PMCID: PMC6620529 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vez017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
How insects combat RNA virus infection is a subject of intensive research owing to its importance in insect health, virus evolution, and disease transmission. In recent years, a pair of potentially linked phenomena have come to light as a result of this work-first, the pervasive production of viral DNA from exogenous nonretroviral RNA in infected individuals, and second, the widespread distribution of nonretroviral integrated RNA virus sequences (NIRVs) in the genomes of diverse eukaryotes. The evolutionary consequences of NIRVs for viruses are unclear and the field would benefit from studies of natural virus infections co-occurring with recent integrations, an exceedingly rare circumstance in the literature. Here, we provide evidence that a novel insect-infecting phasmavirus (Order Bunyavirales) has been persisting in a phantom midge host, Chaoborus americanus, for millions of years. Interestingly, the infection persists despite the host's acquisition (during the Pliocene), fixation, and expression of the viral nucleoprotein gene. We show that virus prevalence and geographic distribution are high and broad, comparable to the host-specific infections reported in other phantom midges. Short-read mapping analyses identified a lower abundance of the nucleoprotein-encoding genome segment in this virus relative to related viruses. Finally, the novel virus has facilitated the first substitution rate estimation for insect-infecting phasmaviruses. Over a period of approximately 16 million years, we find rates of (0.6 - 1.6) × 10-7 substitutions per site per year in protein coding genes, extraordinarily low for negative-sense RNA viruses, but consistent with the few estimates produced over comparable evolutionary timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Ballinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, PO Box GY, Mississippi State, MS
| | - Derek J Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 109 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, NY
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Sun Y, Li J, Gao GF, Tien P, Liu W. Bunyavirales ribonucleoproteins: the viral replication and transcription machinery. Crit Rev Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29516765 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2018.1446901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The Bunyavirales order is one of the largest groups of segmented negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, which includes many pathogenic strains that cause severe human diseases. The RNA segments of the bunyavirus genome are separately encapsidated by multiple copies of nucleoprotein (N), and both termini of each N-encapsidated genomic RNA segment bind to one copy of the viral L polymerase protein. The viral genomic RNA, N and L protein together form the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex that constitutes the molecular machinery for viral genome replication and transcription. Recently, breakthroughs have been achieved in understanding the architecture of bunyavirus RNPs with the determination of the atomic structures of the N and L proteins from various members of this order. In this review, we discuss the structures and functions of these bunyavirus RNP components, as well as viral genome replication and transcription mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeping Sun
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Jing Li
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - George F Gao
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , China
| | - Po Tien
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
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