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Le Naour—Vernet M, Charriat F, Gracy J, Cros-Arteil S, Ravel S, Veillet F, Meusnier I, Padilla A, Kroj T, Cesari S, Gladieux P. Adaptive evolution in virulence effectors of the rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011294. [PMID: 37695773 PMCID: PMC10513199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens secrete proteins called effectors that target host cellular processes to promote disease. Recently, structural genomics has identified several families of fungal effectors that share a similar three-dimensional structure despite remarkably variable amino-acid sequences and surface properties. To explore the selective forces that underlie the sequence variability of structurally-analogous effectors, we focused on MAX effectors, a structural family of effectors that are major determinants of virulence in the rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae. Using structure-informed gene annotation, we identified 58 to 78 MAX effector genes per genome in a set of 120 isolates representing seven host-associated lineages. The expression of MAX effector genes was primarily restricted to the early biotrophic phase of infection and strongly influenced by the host plant. Pangenome analyses of MAX effectors demonstrated extensive presence/absence polymorphism and identified gene loss events possibly involved in host range adaptation. However, gene knock-in experiments did not reveal a strong effect on virulence phenotypes suggesting that other evolutionary mechanisms are the main drivers of MAX effector losses. MAX effectors displayed high levels of standing variation and high rates of non-synonymous substitutions, pointing to widespread positive selection shaping the molecular diversity of MAX effectors. The combination of these analyses with structural data revealed that positive selection acts mostly on residues located in particular structural elements and at specific positions. By providing a comprehensive catalog of amino acid polymorphism, and by identifying the structural determinants of the sequence diversity, our work will inform future studies aimed at elucidating the function and mode of action of MAX effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Le Naour—Vernet
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Florian Charriat
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Gracy
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Cros-Arteil
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Ravel
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR PHIM, Montpellier, France
| | - Florian Veillet
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Meusnier
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - André Padilla
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Kroj
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Stella Cesari
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Gladieux
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Jiang Z, Liu X, Li L, Zou X, Sun H. Whole Genome Resource and Genetic Analysis of Magnaporthe oryzae from Two Field Isolates in Northeast China. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:309-311. [PMID: 36597013 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-22-0218-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To screen candidate fungal genes that may relate to avirulence genes corresponding to the host resistance genes, we characterized two field isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae that cause rice blast disease, especially in northeast China, and performed whole-genome resequencing of these two isolates. The genome assembly and annotation data was submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. Our study unveils the predicted fungal effectors of two dominant M. oryzae isolates in northeast China, providing a resource for Avr genes to clone. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyuan Jiang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Xiaowei Zou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
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Tian D, Deng Y, Yang X, Li G, Li Q, Zhou H, Chen Z, Guo X, Su Y, Luo Y, Yang L. Association analysis of rice resistance genes and blast fungal avirulence genes for effective breeding resistance cultivars. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1007492. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1007492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilization of rice blast-resistance (R) genes is the most economical and environmentally friendly method to control blast disease. However, rice varieties with R genes influence the outcome of genetic architectures of Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae), and mutations in avirulence (AVR) genes of M. oryzae may cause dysfunction of the corresponding R genes in rice varieties. Although monitoring and characterizing rice R genes and pathogen AVR genes in field populations may facilitate the implementation of effective R genes, little is known about the changes of R genes over time and their ultimate impact on pathogen AVR genes. In this study, 117 main cultivated rice varieties over the past five decades and 35 M. oryzae isolates collected from those diseased plants were analyzed by PCR using gene-specific markers of the nine R genes and six primer pairs targeting the coding sequence or promoter of AVR genes, respectively. The R genes Pigm, Pi9, Pi2, Piz-t, Pi-ta, Pik, Pi1, Pikp, and Pikm were identified in 5, 0, 1, 4, 18, 0, 2, 1, and 0 cultivars, respectively. Significantly, none of these R genes had significant changes that correlated to their application periods of time. Among the four identified AVR genes, AVR-Pik had the highest amplification frequency (97.14%) followed by AVR-Pita (51.43%) and AVR-Pi9 (48.57%); AVR-Piz-t had the lowest frequency (28.57%). All these AVR genes except AVR-Pi9 had 1–2 variants. Inoculation mono-genic lines contained functional genes of Pi2/9 and Pik loci with 14 representative isolates from those 35 ones revealed that the presence of certain AVR-Piz-t, AVR-Pita variants, and AVR-Pik-E + AVR-Pik-D in M. oryzae populations, and these variants negated the ability of the corresponding R genes to confer resistance. Importantly, Pi2, Pi9, and Pigm conferred broad-spectrum resistance to these local isolates. These findings reveal that the complex genetic basis of M. oryzae and some effective blast R genes should be considered in future rice blast-resistance breeding programs.
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Chen M, Farmer N, Zhong Z, Zheng W, Tang W, Han Y, Lu G, Wang Z, Ebbole DJ. HAG Effector Evolution in Pyricularia Species and Plant Cell Death Suppression by HAG4. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:694-705. [PMID: 35345886 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-22-0010-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seventy host-adapted gene (HAG) effector family members from Pyricularia species are found in P. oryzae and three closely related species (isolates LS and 18-2 from an unknown Pyricularia sp., P. grisea, and P. pennisetigena) that share at least eight orthologous HAG family members with P. oryzae. The genome sequence of a more distantly related species, P. penniseti, lacks HAG genes, suggesting a time frame for the origin of the gene family in the genus. In P. oryzae, HAG4 is uniquely found in the genetic lineage that contains populations adapted to Setaria and Oryza hosts. We find a nearly identical HAG4 allele in a P. grisea isolate, suggesting transfer of HAG4 from P. grisea to P. oryzae. HAG4 encodes a suppressor of plant cell death. Yeast two-hybrid screens with several HAG genes independently identify common interacting clones from a rice complementary DNA library, suggesting conservation of protein surface motifs between HAG homologs with as little as 40% protein sequence identity. HAG family orthologs have diverged rapidly and HAG15 orthologs display unusually high rates of sequence divergence compared with adjacent genes suggesting gene-specific accelerated divergence. The sequence diversity of the HAG homologs in Pyricularia species provides a resource for examining mechanisms of gene family evolution and the relationship to structural and functional evolution of HAG effector family activity. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilian Chen
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide and Chemistry-Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Nick Farmer
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, U.S.A
| | - Zhenhui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide and Chemistry-Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide and Chemistry-Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide and Chemistry-Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yijuan Han
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Guodong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide and Chemistry-Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide and Chemistry-Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Daniel J Ebbole
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, U.S.A
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Wu Q, Wang Y, Liu LN, Shi K, Li CY. Comparative Genomics and Gene Pool Analysis Reveal the Decrease of Genome Diversity and Gene Number in Rice Blast Fungi by Stable Adaption with Rice. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 8:jof8010005. [PMID: 35049945 PMCID: PMC8778285 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae caused huge losses in rice and wheat production worldwide. Comparing to long-term co-evolution history with rice, wheat-infecting isolates were new-emerging. To reveal the genetic differences between rice and wheat blast on global genomic scale, 109 whole-genome sequences of M. oryzae from rice, wheat, and other hosts were reanalyzed in this study. We found that the rice lineage had gone through stronger selective sweep and fewer conserved genes than those of Triticum and Lolium lineages, which indicated that rice blast fungi adapted to rice by gene loss and rapid evolution of specific loci. Furthermore, 228 genes associated with host adaptation of M. oryzae were found by presence/absence variation (PAV) analyses. The functional annotation of these genes found that the fine turning of genes gain/loss involved with transport and transcription factor, thiol metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism respectively are major mechanisms for rice adaption. This result implies that genetic base of specific host plant may lead to gene gain/loss variation of pathogens, so as to enhance their adaptability to host. Further characterization of these specific loci and their roles in adaption and evaluation of the fungi may eventually lead to understanding of interaction mechanism and develop new strategies of the disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (L.-N.L.)
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Yunnan Organic Tea Industry Intelligent Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Organic Tea Garden Construction in Universities of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory for Crop Production and Smart Agriculture of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (L.-N.L.)
| | - Li-Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (L.-N.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests of Yunnan Province, Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Kai Shi
- School of Foreign Language, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Cheng-Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.W.); (Y.W.); (L.-N.L.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Jali P, Samal IP, Jena S, Mahalik G. Morphological and biochemical responses of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. to allelopathic effects of Mikania micrantha Kunth extracts. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07822. [PMID: 34458640 PMCID: PMC8379695 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Yield loss due to noxious weeds is one among several reasons for the reduced economy for the developing countries. Impacts of one such weed i.e. Mikania micrantha were investigated on the rate of seed germination, growth, biomass, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble protein, phenolics and proline content of leaves of Macrotylama uniflorum (an important pulse). In a completely randomized setup, control and four concentrations (10 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml) of the aqueous leaf extracts of M. micrantha were tested on the seeds of M. uniflorum. The extracts inhibited germination, growth, biomass, chlorophyll, carotenoid and protein contents. The protein content of M. uniflorum decreased to 8.48 mg/g at 200 mg/ml. Similarly, shoot length and root length were also decreased up to 5.11 cm and 0.85 cm respectively and water content increased with the increasing concentration of weed extracts. The leaf extracts resulted in an increase in the phenolics (19.66 mg) and proline (24.49 mg) content of the crop plant. The preliminary study indicated that the aqueous leaf extracts of weed plant resulted in negative or detrimental impact on growth and physiology of the plant and this might be due to the release of secondary metabolites. The present investigation may further lead to the identification of certain secondary metabolites or allelo-chemicals that may have an important agricultural application for sustainability and may enhance the level of crop protection against several other harmful plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Jali
- Department of Botany, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ipsita Priyadarsini Samal
- Department of Botany, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
| | - Sameer Jena
- Department of Botany, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
| | - Gyanranjan Mahalik
- Department of Botany, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
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Duan G, Bao J, Chen X, Xie J, Liu Y, Chen H, Zheng H, Tang W, Wang Z. Large-Scale Genome Scanning within Exonic Regions Revealed the Contributions of Selective Sweep Prone Genes to Host Divergence and Adaptation in Magnaporthe oryzae Species Complex. Microorganisms 2021; 9:562. [PMID: 33803140 PMCID: PMC8000120 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae, one of the most notorious plant pathogens in the agronomic ecosystem, causes a destructive rice blast disease around the world. The blast fungus infects wide arrays of cultivated and non-cultivated plants within the Poaceae. Studies have shown that host speciation exerts selection pressure that drives the evolution and divergence of the M. oryzae population. Population genetic relationship deducted by genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms showed that M. oryzae differentiation is highly consistent with the host speciation process. In particular, the rice-infecting population of M. oryzae is distinct from populations from other hosts. However, how genome regions prone to host-mediated selection pressures associated with speciation in M. oryzae, especially at a large-scale population level, has not been extensively characterized. Here, we detected strong evidence of sweep selection throughout the genomes of rice and non-rice pathotypes of M. oryzae population using integrated haplotype score (iHS), cross population extended haplotype homozygosity (XPEHH), and cross population composite likelihood ratio (XPCLR) tests. Functional annotation analyses of the genes associated with host-mediated selection pressure showed that 14 pathogenicity-related genes are under positive selection pressure. Additionally, we showed that 17 candidate effector proteins are under positive and divergent selection among the blast fungus population through sweep selection analysis. Specifically, we find that a divergent selective gene, MGG_13871, is experiencing host-directed mutation in two amino acid residues in rice and non-rice infecting populations. These results provide a crucial insight into the impact of selective sweeping on the differentiation of M. oryzae populations and the dynamic influences of genomic regions in promoting host adaptation and speciation among M. oryzae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, The School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (G.D.); (J.B.); (X.C.); (J.X.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (H.Z.)
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiandong Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, The School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (G.D.); (J.B.); (X.C.); (J.X.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, The School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (G.D.); (J.B.); (X.C.); (J.X.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (H.Z.)
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiahui Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, The School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (G.D.); (J.B.); (X.C.); (J.X.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (H.Z.)
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuchan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, The School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (G.D.); (J.B.); (X.C.); (J.X.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Huiquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, The School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (G.D.); (J.B.); (X.C.); (J.X.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (H.Z.)
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Huakun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, The School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (G.D.); (J.B.); (X.C.); (J.X.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (H.Z.)
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, The School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (G.D.); (J.B.); (X.C.); (J.X.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (H.Z.)
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, The School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (G.D.); (J.B.); (X.C.); (J.X.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (H.Z.)
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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Khanna A, Ellur RK, Gopala Krishnan S, Vinod KK, Bhowmick PK, Nagarajan M, Haritha B, Singh AK. Utilizing Host-Plant Resistance to Circumvent Blast Disease in Rice. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60585-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Chen M, Wang B, Lu G, Zhong Z, Wang Z. Genome Sequence Resource of Magnaporthe oryzae Laboratory Strain 2539. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:1029-1031. [PMID: 32343629 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-02-20-0036-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae causes blast disease on more than 50 species of monocot plants, including important crops such as rice, millet, and most recently wheat. Additionally, it is an important model system for studying host-pathogen interaction. Here, we report a high-quality genome assembly and annotation of a laboratory strain 2539 of M. oryzae, which is a widely used progeny of a rice-infecting isolate and a grass-infecting isolate. The genome sequence of strain 2539 will be useful for studying the evolution, host adaption, and pathogenicity of M. oryzae, which will be beneficial for a better understanding of the mechanisms of host-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilian Chen
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Baohua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Guodong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhenhui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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10
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Peng Z, Oliveira-Garcia E, Lin G, Hu Y, Dalby M, Migeon P, Tang H, Farman M, Cook D, White FF, Valent B, Liu S. Effector gene reshuffling involves dispensable mini-chromosomes in the wheat blast fungus. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008272. [PMID: 31513573 PMCID: PMC6741851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly emerged wheat blast disease is a serious threat to global wheat production. Wheat blast is caused by a distinct, exceptionally diverse lineage of the fungus causing rice blast disease. Through sequencing a recent field isolate, we report a reference genome that includes seven core chromosomes and mini-chromosome sequences that harbor effector genes normally found on ends of core chromosomes in other strains. No mini-chromosomes were observed in an early field strain, and at least two from another isolate each contain different effector genes and core chromosome end sequences. The mini-chromosome is enriched in transposons occurring most frequently at core chromosome ends. Additionally, transposons in mini-chromosomes lack the characteristic signature for inactivation by repeat-induced point (RIP) mutation genome defenses. Our results, collectively, indicate that dispensable mini-chromosomes and core chromosomes undergo divergent evolutionary trajectories, and mini-chromosomes and core chromosome ends are coupled as a mobile, fast-evolving effector compartment in the wheat pathogen genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Peng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Ely Oliveira-Garcia
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Guifang Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Melinda Dalby
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Pierre Migeon
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Haibao Tang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Mark Farman
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - David Cook
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Frank F. White
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Barbara Valent
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Sanzhen Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
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Peng Z, Oliveira-Garcia E, Lin G, Hu Y, Dalby M, Migeon P, Tang H, Farman M, Cook D, White FF, Valent B, Liu S. Effector gene reshuffling involves dispensable mini-chromosomes in the wheat blast fungus. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008272. [PMID: 31513573 DOI: 10.1101/359455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Newly emerged wheat blast disease is a serious threat to global wheat production. Wheat blast is caused by a distinct, exceptionally diverse lineage of the fungus causing rice blast disease. Through sequencing a recent field isolate, we report a reference genome that includes seven core chromosomes and mini-chromosome sequences that harbor effector genes normally found on ends of core chromosomes in other strains. No mini-chromosomes were observed in an early field strain, and at least two from another isolate each contain different effector genes and core chromosome end sequences. The mini-chromosome is enriched in transposons occurring most frequently at core chromosome ends. Additionally, transposons in mini-chromosomes lack the characteristic signature for inactivation by repeat-induced point (RIP) mutation genome defenses. Our results, collectively, indicate that dispensable mini-chromosomes and core chromosomes undergo divergent evolutionary trajectories, and mini-chromosomes and core chromosome ends are coupled as a mobile, fast-evolving effector compartment in the wheat pathogen genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Peng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Ely Oliveira-Garcia
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Guifang Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Melinda Dalby
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Pierre Migeon
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Haibao Tang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Mark Farman
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - David Cook
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Frank F White
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Barbara Valent
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Sanzhen Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
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Korinsak S, Tangphatsornruang S, Pootakham W, Wanchana S, Plabpla A, Jantasuriyarat C, Patarapuwadol S, Vanavichit A, Toojinda T. Genome-wide association mapping of virulence gene in rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae using a genotyping by sequencing approach. Genomics 2018; 111:661-668. [PMID: 29775784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae is a fungal pathogen causing blast disease in many plant species. In this study, seventy three isolates of M. oryzae collected from rice (Oryza sativa) in 1996-2014 were genotyped using a genotyping-by-sequencing approach to detect genetic variation. An association study was performed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with virulence genes using 831 selected SNP and infection phenotypes on local and improved rice varieties. Population structure analysis revealed eight subpopulations. The division into eight groups was not related to the degree of virulence. Association mapping showed five SNPs associated with fungal virulence on chromosome 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7. The SNP on chromosome 1 was associated with virulence against RD6-Pi7 and IRBL7-M which might be linked to the previously reported AvrPi7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siripar Korinsak
- Plant Breeding Program, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kesetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, PathumThani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wirulda Pootakham
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, PathumThani 12120, Thailand
| | - Samart Wanchana
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, PathumThani 12120, Thailand
| | - Anucha Plabpla
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | | | - Sujin Patarapuwadol
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Apichart Vanavichit
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand; Rice Science Center, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Theerayut Toojinda
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, PathumThani 12120, Thailand.
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13
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Chaipanya C, Telebanco-Yanoria MJ, Quime B, Longya A, Korinsak S, Korinsak S, Toojinda T, Vanavichit A, Jantasuriyarat C, Zhou B. Dissection of broad-spectrum resistance of the Thai rice variety Jao Hom Nin conferred by two resistance genes against rice blast. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 10:18. [PMID: 28493203 PMCID: PMC5425360 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-017-0159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important food crops in the world. Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most destructive rice diseases worldwide. To effectively cope with this problem, the use of rice blast resistance varieties through innovative breeding programs is the best strategy to date. The Thai rice variety Jao Hom Nin (JHN) showed broad-spectrum resistance against Thai rice blast isolates. Two QTLs for blast resistance in JHN were reported on chromosome 1 (QTL1) and 11 (QTL11). RESULTS Monogenic lines of QTL1 (QTL1-C) and QTL11 (QTL11-C) in the CO39 genetic background were generated. Cluster analysis based on the disease reaction pattern of QTL1-C and QTL11-C, together with IRBLs, showed that those two monogenic lines were clustered with IRBLsh-S (Pish) and IRBL7-M (Pi7), respectively. Moreover, sequence analysis revealed that Pish and Pi7 were embedded within the QTL1 and QTL11 delimited genomic intervals, respectively. This study thus concluded that QTL1 and QTL11 could encode alleles of Pish and Pi7, designated as Pish-J and Pi7-J, respectively. To validate this hypothesis, the genomic regions of Pish-J and Pi7-J were cloned and sequenced. Protein sequence comparison revealed that Pish-J and Pi7-J were identical to Pish and Pi7, respectively. The holistic disease spectrum of JHN was found to be exactly attributed to the additive ones of both QTL1-C and QTL11-C. CONCLUSION JHN showed broad spectrum resistance against Thai and Philippine rice blast isolates. As this study demonstrated, the combination of two resistance genes, Pish-J and Pi7-J, in JHN, with each controlling broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast disease, explains the high level of resistance. Thus, the combination of Pish and Pi7 can provide a practical scheme for breeding durable resistance in rice against rice blast disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaivarakun Chaipanya
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines
| | | | - Berlaine Quime
- Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines
| | - Apinya Longya
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Siripar Korinsak
- Rice Gene Discovery Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Korinsak
- Rice Gene Discovery Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Theerayut Toojinda
- Plant Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Apichart Vanavichit
- Rice Science Center, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
- Agronomy Department Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
- Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University-Kasetsart University (CASNAR, NRU-KU), Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| | - Bo Zhou
- Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, 4031, Philippines.
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14
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Yang B, Wang Q, Jing M, Guo B, Wu J, Wang H, Wang Y, Lin L, Wang Y, Ye W, Dong S, Wang Y. Distinct regions of the Phytophthora essential effector Avh238 determine its function in cell death activation and plant immunity suppression. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:361-375. [PMID: 28134441 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora pathogens secrete effectors to manipulate host innate immunity, thus facilitating infection. Among the RXLR effectors highly induced during Phytophthora sojae infection, Avh238 not only contributes to pathogen virulence but also triggers plant cell death. However, the detailed molecular basis of Avh238 functions remains largely unknown. We mapped the regions responsible for Avh238 functions in pathogen virulence and plant cell death induction using a strategy that combines investigation of natural variation and large-scale mutagenesis assays. The correlation between cellular localization and Avh238 functions was also evaluated. We found that the 79th residue (histidine or leucine) of Avh238 determined its cell death-inducing activity, and that the 53 amino acids in its C-terminal region are responsible for promoting Phytophthora infection. Transient expression of Avh238 in Nicotiana benthamiana revealed that nuclear localization is essential for triggering cell death, while Avh238-mediated suppression of INF1-triggered cell death requires cytoplasmic localization. Our results demonstrate that a representative example of an essential Phytophthora RXLR effector can evolve to escape recognition by the host by mutating one nucleotide site, and can also retain plant immunosuppressive activity to enhance pathogen virulence in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qunqing Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, 210095, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Maofeng Jing
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Baodian Guo
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haonan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Long Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenwu Ye
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Suomeng Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), Nanjing, 210095, China
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15
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Zhong Z, Norvienyeku J, Chen M, Bao J, Lin L, Chen L, Lin Y, Wu X, Cai Z, Zhang Q, Lin X, Hong Y, Huang J, Xu L, Zhang H, Chen L, Tang W, Zheng H, Chen X, Wang Y, Lian B, Zhang L, Tang H, Lu G, Ebbole DJ, Wang B, Wang Z. Directional Selection from Host Plants Is a Major Force Driving Host Specificity in Magnaporthe Species. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25591. [PMID: 27151494 PMCID: PMC4858695 DOI: 10.1038/srep25591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One major threat to global food security that requires immediate attention, is the increasing incidence of host shift and host expansion in growing number of pathogenic fungi and emergence of new pathogens. The threat is more alarming because, yield quality and quantity improvement efforts are encouraging the cultivation of uniform plants with low genetic diversity that are increasingly susceptible to emerging pathogens. However, the influence of host genome differentiation on pathogen genome differentiation and its contribution to emergence and adaptability is still obscure. Here, we compared genome sequence of 6 isolates of Magnaporthe species obtained from three different host plants. We demonstrated the evolutionary relationship between Magnaporthe species and the influence of host differentiation on pathogens. Phylogenetic analysis showed that evolution of pathogen directly corresponds with host divergence, suggesting that host-pathogen interaction has led to co-evolution. Furthermore, we identified an asymmetric selection pressure on Magnaporthe species. Oryza sativa-infecting isolates showed higher directional selection from host and subsequently tends to lower the genetic diversity in its genome. We concluded that, frequent gene loss or gain, new transposon acquisition and sequence divergence are host adaptability mechanisms for Magnaporthe species, and this coevolution processes is greatly driven by directional selection from host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Zhong
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Justice Norvienyeku
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Meilian Chen
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jiandong Bao
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lianyu Lin
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Liqiong Chen
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yahong Lin
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaoxian Wu
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zena Cai
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaoye Lin
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yonghe Hong
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Linghong Xu
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Honghong Zhang
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Long Chen
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Huakun Zheng
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology (HIST), Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Bi Lian
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Liangsheng Zhang
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology (HIST), Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Haibao Tang
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology (HIST), Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Guodong Lu
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Daniel J. Ebbole
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Baohua Wang
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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16
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Gowda M, Shirke MD, Mahesh H, Chandarana P, Rajamani A, Chattoo BB. Genome analysis of rice-blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae field isolates from southern India. GENOMICS DATA 2015; 5:284-91. [PMID: 26484270 PMCID: PMC4583678 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Indian subcontinent is the center of origin and diversity for rice (Oryza sativa L.). The O. sativa ssp. indica is a major food crop grown in India, which occupies the first and second position in area and production, respectively. Blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is a major constraint to rice production. Here, we report the analysis of genome architecture and sequence variation of two field isolates, B157 and MG01, of the blast fungus from southern India. The 40 Mb genome of B157 and 43 Mb genome of MG01 contained 11,344 and 11,733 predicted genes, respectively. Genomic comparisons unveiled a large set of SNPs and several isolate specific genes in the Indian blast isolates. Avr genes were analyzed in several sequenced Magnaporthe strains; this analysis revealed the presence of Avr-Pizt and Avr-Ace1 genes in all the sequenced isolates. Availability of whole genomes of field isolates from India will contribute to global efforts to understand genetic diversity of M. oryzae population and to track the emergence of virulent pathotypes. The first genomic study of Magnaporthe from Indian subcontinent Provided information about genomic variations in terms of SNPs, InDels and ICVs due to transposable elements Identified novel genes specific to Indian isolates Genome wide antisense transcripts identified from this study Identified Magnaporthe specific pathogenicity genes that are absent in non-pathogenic Ascomycetes fungi
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Affiliation(s)
- Malali Gowda
- Genomics Laboratory, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, Bangalore 560065, India
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: + 91 80 67185113.
| | - Meghana D. Shirke
- Genomics Laboratory, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - H.B. Mahesh
- Genomics Laboratory, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, Bangalore 560065, India
- Marker Assisted Selection Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Pinal Chandarana
- Centre for Genome Research, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India
| | | | - Bharat B. Chattoo
- Centre for Genome Research, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: + 91 80 67185113.
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17
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Yin W, Dong S, Zhai L, Lin Y, Zheng X, Wang Y. The Phytophthora sojae Avr1d gene encodes an RxLR-dEER effector with presence and absence polymorphisms among pathogen strains. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2013; 26:958-68. [PMID: 23594349 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-02-13-0035-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Soybean root and stem rot is caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae. The interaction between P. sojae and soybean fits the "gene-for-gene" hypothesis. Although more than 10 P. sojae avirulence (Avr) effectors have been genetically identified, nearly half of genetically defined avr genes have been cloned. In a previous bioinformatic and global transcriptional analysis, we identified a P. sojae RxLR effector, Avr1d, which was 125 amino acids in length. Mapping data demonstrated that Avr1d presence or absence in the genome was co-segregated with the Avr1d avirulence phenotype in F2 populations. Transient expression of the Avr1d gene using co-bombardment in soybean isogenic lines revealed that this gene triggered a hypersensitive response (HR) in the presence of Rps1d. Sequencing of Avr1d genes in different P. sojae strains revealed two Avr1d alleles. Although polymorphic, the two Avr1d alleles could trigger Rps1d-mediated HR. P. sojae strains carrying either of the alleles were avirulent on Rps1d soybean lines. Avr1d was upregulated during the germinating cyst and early infection stages. Furthermore, transient expression of Avr1d in Nicotiana benthamiana suppressed BAX-induced cell death and enhanced P. capsici infection. Avr1d also suppressed effector-triggered immunity induction by associating with Avr1b and Rps1b, suggestive of a role in suppressing plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiao Yin
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Liu W, Liu J, Ning Y, Ding B, Wang X, Wang Z, Wang GL. Recent progress in understanding PAMP- and effector-triggered immunity against the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. MOLECULAR PLANT 2013; 6:605-20. [PMID: 23340743 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most destructive diseases of rice worldwide. The rice-M. oryzae pathosystem has become a model in the study of plant-fungal interactions because of its scientific advancement and economic importance. Recent studies have identified a number of new pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and effectors from the blast fungus that trigger rice immune responses upon perception. Interaction analyses between avirulence effectors and their cognate resistance proteins have provided new insights into the molecular basis of plant-fungal interactions. In this review, we summarize the recent research on the characterization of those genes in both M. oryzae and rice that are important for the PAMP- and effector-triggered immunity recognition and signaling processes. We also discuss future directions for research that will further our understanding of this pathosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wende Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Lingner U, Münch S, Deising HB, Sauer N. Hexose transporters of a hemibiotrophic plant pathogen: functional variations and regulatory differences at different stages of infection. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:20913-22. [PMID: 21502323 PMCID: PMC3121522 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.213678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogenic fungi use a wide range of different strategies to gain access to the carbon sources of their host plants. The hemibiotrophic maize pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola (teleomorph Glomerella graminicola) colonizes its host plants, and, after a short biotrophic phase, switches to destructive, necrotrophic development. Here we present the identification of five hexose transporter genes from C. graminicola, CgHXT1 to CgHXT5, the functional characterization of the encoded proteins, and detailed expression studies for these genes during vegetative and pathogenic development. Whereas CgHXT4 is expressed under all conditions analyzed, transcript abundances of CgHXT1 and CgHXT3 are transiently up-regulated during the biotrophic phase, and CgHXT2 and CgHXT5 are expressed exclusively during necrotrophic development. Analyses of the encoded proteins characterized CgHXT5 as a low-affinity/high-capacity hexose transporter with a narrow substrate specificity for glucose and mannose. In contrast, CgHXT1 to CgHXT3 are high affinity/low capacity transporters that also accept other substrates, including fructose, galactose, or xylose. CgHXT4, the largest of the identified proteins, has only little transport activity and may function as a sugar sensor. Phylogenetic studies revealed hexose transporters closely related to the five CgHXT proteins also in other pathogenic fungi suggesting conserved functions of these proteins during fungal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Lingner
- From the Molecular Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Münch
- the Phytopathology and Plant Protection, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Strasse 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany, and
| | - Holger B. Deising
- the Phytopathology and Plant Protection, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Strasse 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany, and
- the Interdisciplinary Center for Crop Plant Research, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Strasse 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Norbert Sauer
- From the Molecular Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- the Erlangen Center of Plant Science (CROPS), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5
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