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Ramulifho E, Rey C. A Coiled-Coil Nucleotide-Binding Domain Leucine-Rich Repeat Receptor Gene MeRPPL1 Plays a Role in the Replication of a Geminivirus in Cassava. Viruses 2024; 16:941. [PMID: 38932233 PMCID: PMC11209366 DOI: 10.3390/v16060941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Disease resistance gene (R gene)-encoded nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins (NLRs) are critical players in plant host defence mechanisms because of their role as receptors that recognise pathogen effectors and trigger plant effector-triggered immunity (ETI). This study aimed to determine the putative role of a cassava coiled-coil (CC)-NLR (CNL) gene MeRPPL1 (Manes.12G091600) (single allele) located on chromosome 12 in the tolerance or susceptibility to South African cassava mosaic virus (SACMV), one of the causal agents of cassava mosaic disease (CMD). A transient protoplast system was used to knock down the expression of MeRPPL1 by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9). The MeRPPL1-targeting CRISPR vectors and/or SACMV DNA A and DNA B infectious clones were used to transfect protoplasts isolated from leaf mesophyll cells from the SACMV-tolerant cassava (Manihot esculenta) cultivar TME3. The CRISPR/Cas9 silencing vector significantly reduced MeRPPL1 expression in protoplasts whether with or without SACMV co-infection. Notably, SACMV DNA A replication was higher in protoplasts with lower MeRPPL1 expression levels than in non-silenced protoplasts. Mutagenesis studies revealed that protoplast co-transfection with CRISPR-MeRPPL1 silencing vector + SACMV and transfection with only SACMV induced nucleotide substitution mutations that led to altered amino acids in the highly conserved MHD motif of the MeRPPL1-translated polypeptide. This may abolish or alter the regulatory role of the MHD motif in controlling R protein activity and could contribute to the increase in SACMV-DNA A accumulation observed in MeRPPL1-silenced protoplasts. The results herein demonstrate for the first time a role for a CNL gene in tolerance to a geminivirus in TME3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elelwani Ramulifho
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa;
- Germplasm Development, Agricultural Research Council, Small Grain Institute, Bethlehem 9700, South Africa
| | - Chrissie Rey
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa;
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Jiang Y, Lu XY, Qin YL, Zhang YM, Shao ZQ. Genome-Wide Identification and Evolutionary Analysis of Receptor-like Kinase Family Genes Provides Insights into Anthracnose Resistance of Dioscorea alata. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1274. [PMID: 38732488 PMCID: PMC11085297 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Dioscorea alata, commonly known as "greater yam", is a vital crop in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, yet it faces significant threats from anthracnose disease, mainly caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. However, exploring disease resistance genes in this species has been challenging due to the difficulty of genetic mapping resulting from the loss of the flowering trait in many varieties. The receptor-like kinase (RLK) gene family represents essential immune receptors in plants. In this study, genomic analysis revealed 467 RLK genes in D. alata. The identified RLKs were distributed unevenly across chromosomes, likely due to tandem duplication events. However, a considerable number of ancient whole-genome or segmental duplications dating back over 100 million years contributed to the diversity of RLK genes. Phylogenetic analysis unveiled at least 356 ancient RLK lineages in the common ancestor of Dioscoreaceae, which differentially inherited and expanded to form the current RLK profiles of D. alata and its relatives. The analysis of cis-regulatory elements indicated the involvement of RLK genes in diverse stress responses. Transcriptome analysis identified RLKs that were up-regulated in response to C. gloeosporioides infection, suggesting their potential role in resisting anthracnose disease. These findings provide novel insights into the evolution of RLK genes in D. alata and their potential contribution to disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Y.J.); (Y.-L.Q.)
| | - Xin-Yu Lu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ya-Li Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Y.J.); (Y.-L.Q.)
| | - Yan-Mei Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhu-Qing Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Y.J.); (Y.-L.Q.)
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Wang X, Shen Z, Li C, Bai Y, Li Y, Zhang W, Li Z, Jiang C, Cheng L, Yang A, Liu D. Fine mapping and identification of two NtTOM2A homeologs responsible for tobacco mosaic virus replication in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:67. [PMID: 38262958 PMCID: PMC10807211 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04744-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a widely distributed viral disease that threatens many vegetables and horticultural species. Using the resistance gene N which induces a hypersensitivity reaction, is a common strategy for controlling this disease in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). However, N gene-mediated resistance has its limitations, consequently, identifying resistance genes from resistant germplasms and developing resistant cultivars is an ideal strategy for controlling the damage caused by TMV. RESULTS Here, we identified highly TMV-resistant tobacco germplasm, JT88, with markedly reduced viral accumulation following TMV infection. We mapped and cloned two tobamovirus multiplication protein 2A (TOM2A) homeologs responsible for TMV replication using an F2 population derived from a cross between the TMV-susceptible cultivar K326 and the TMV-resistant cultivar JT88. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-mediated loss-of-function mutations of two NtTOM2A homeologs almost completely suppressed TMV replication; however, the single gene mutants showed symptoms similar to those of the wild type. Moreover, NtTOM2A natural mutations were rarely detected in 577 tobacco germplasms, and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated variation of NtTOM2A led to shortened plant height, these results indicating that the natural variations in NtTOM2A were rarely applied in tobacco breeding and the NtTOM2A maybe has an impact on growth and development. CONCLUSIONS The two NtTOM2A homeologs are functionally redundant and negatively regulate TMV resistance. These results deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying TMV resistance in tobacco and provide important information for the potential application of NtTOM2A in TMV resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, China
- Tobacco Science Research Institute of Guangdong Province, Shaoguan, Guangdong, 512029, China
| | - Zhan Shen
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Caiyue Li
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yalin Bai
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Hunan Tobacco Research Institute, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
- Philippine Christian University Center for International Education, Manila, 1004, Philippines
| | - Zunqiang Li
- Tobacco Research Institute of Mudanjiang, Harbin, 150076, China.
| | - Caihong Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Lirui Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, China.
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Gao C, Tang D, Wang W. The Role of Ubiquitination in Plant Immunity: Fine-Tuning Immune Signaling and Beyond. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1405-1413. [PMID: 35859340 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is an essential posttranslational modification and plays a crucial role in regulating plant immunity by modulating protein activity, stability, abundance and interaction. Recently, major breakthroughs have been made in understanding the mechanisms associated with the regulation of immune signaling by ubiquitination. In this mini review, we highlight the recent advances in the role of ubiquitination in fine-tuning the resistance activated by plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeat domain receptors (NLRs). We also discuss current understanding of the positive regulation of plant immunity by ubiquitination, including the modification of immune negative regulators and of the guardee proteins monitored by NLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dingzhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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