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Bandara AY, Weerasooriya DK, Bradley CA, Allen TW, Esker PD. Dissecting the economic impact of soybean diseases in the United States over two decades. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231141. [PMID: 32240251 PMCID: PMC7117771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) is an economically important commodity for United States agriculture. Nonetheless, the profitability of soybean production has been negatively impacted by soybean diseases. The economic impacts of 23 common soybean diseases were estimated in 28 soybean-producing states in the U.S., from 1996 to 2016 (the entire data set consisted of 13,524 data points). Estimated losses were investigated using a variety of statistical approaches. The main effects of state, year, pre- and post-discovery of soybean rust, region, and zones based on yield, harvest area, and production, were significant on "total economic loss" as a function of diseases. Across states and years, the soybean cyst nematode, charcoal rot, and seedling diseases were the most economically damaging diseases while soybean rust, bacterial blight, and southern blight were the least economically damaging. A significantly greater mean loss (51%) was observed in states/years after the discovery of soybean rust (2004 to 2016) compared to the pre-discovery (1996 to 2003). From 1996 to 2016, the total estimated economic loss due to soybean diseases in the U.S. was $95.48 billion, with $80.89 billion and $14.59 billion accounting for the northern and southern U.S. losses, respectively. Over the entire time period, the average annual economic loss due to soybean diseases in the U.S. reached nearly $4.55 billion, with approximately 85% of the losses occurring in the northern U.S. Low yield/harvest/production zones had significantly lower mean economic losses due to diseases in comparison to high yield/harvest/production zones. This observation was further bolstered by the observed positive linear correlation of mean soybean yield loss (in each state, due to all diseases considered in this study, across 21 years) with the mean state wide soybean production (MT), mean soybean yield (kg ha-1), and mean soybean harvest area (ha). Results of this investigation provide useful insights into how research, policy, and educational efforts should be prioritized in soybean disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Y. Bandara
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Dilooshi K. Weerasooriya
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Carl A. Bradley
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Princeton, KY, United States of America
| | - Tom W. Allen
- Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Paul D. Esker
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
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Piquerez SJM, Harvey SE, Beynon JL, Ntoukakis V. Improving crop disease resistance: lessons from research on Arabidopsis and tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:671. [PMID: 25520730 PMCID: PMC4253662 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
One of the great challenges for food security in the 21st century is to improve yield stability through the development of disease-resistant crops. Crop research is often hindered by the lack of molecular tools, growth logistics, generation time and detailed genetic annotations, hence the power of model plant species. Our knowledge of plant immunity today has been largely shaped by the use of models, specifically through the use of mutants. We examine the importance of Arabidopsis and tomato as models in the study of plant immunity and how they help us in revealing a detailed and deep understanding of the various layers contributing to the immune system. Here we describe examples of how knowledge from models can be transferred to economically important crops resulting in new tools to enable and accelerate classical plant breeding. We will also discuss how models, and specifically transcriptomics and effectoromics approaches, have contributed to the identification of core components of the defense response which will be key to future engineering of durable and sustainable disease resistance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jim L. Beynon
- School of Life Sciences, University of WarwickCoventry, UK
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3
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Sikora EJ, Allen TW, Wise KA, Bergstrom G, Bradley CA, Bond J, Brown-Rytlewski D, Chilvers M, Damicone J, DeWolf E, Dorrance A, Dufault N, Esker P, Faske TR, Giesler L, Goldberg N, Golod J, Gómez IRG, Grau C, Grybauskas A, Franc G, Hammerschmidt R, Hartman GL, Henn RA, Hershman D, Hollier C, Isakeit T, Isard S, Jacobsen B, Jardine D, Kemerait R, Koenning S, Langham M, Malvick D, Markell S, Marois JJ, Monfort S, Mueller D, Mueller J, Mulrooney R, Newman M, Osborne L, Padgett GB, Ruden BE, Rupe J, Schneider R, Schwartz H, Shaner G, Singh S, Stromberg E, Sweets L, Tenuta A, Vaiciunas S, Yang XB, Young-Kelly H, Zidek J. A Coordinated Effort to Manage Soybean Rust in North America: A Success Story in Soybean Disease Monitoring. PLANT DISEASE 2014; 98:864-875. [PMID: 30708845 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-14-0121-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Existing crop monitoring programs determine the incidence and distribution of plant diseases and pathogens and assess the damage caused within a crop production region. These programs have traditionally used observed or predicted disease and pathogen data and environmental information to prescribe management practices that minimize crop loss. Monitoring programs are especially important for crops with broad geographic distribution or for diseases that can cause rapid and great economic losses. Successful monitoring programs have been developed for several plant diseases, including downy mildew of cucurbits, Fusarium head blight of wheat, potato late blight, and rusts of cereal crops. A recent example of a successful disease-monitoring program for an economically important crop is the soybean rust (SBR) monitoring effort within North America. SBR, caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, was first identified in the continental United States in November 2004. SBR causes moderate to severe yield losses globally. The fungus produces foliar lesions on soybean (Glycine max) and other legume hosts. P. pachyrhizi diverts nutrients from the host to its own growth and reproduction. The lesions also reduce photosynthetic area. Uredinia rupture the host epidermis and diminish stomatal regulation of transpiration to cause tissue desiccation and premature defoliation. Severe soybean yield losses can occur if plants defoliate during the mid-reproductive growth stages. The rapid response to the threat of SBR in North America resulted in an unprecedented amount of information dissemination and the development of a real-time, publicly available monitoring and prediction system known as the Soybean Rust-Pest Information Platform for Extension and Education (SBR-PIPE). The objectives of this article are (i) to highlight the successful response effort to SBR in North America, and (ii) to introduce researchers to the quantity and type of data generated by SBR-PIPE. Data from this system may now be used to answer questions about the biology, ecology, and epidemiology of an important pathogen and disease of soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Sikora
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn 36849
| | - T W Allen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville 38776
| | - K A Wise
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907
| | - G Bergstrom
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853
| | - C A Bradley
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - J Bond
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901
| | - D Brown-Rytlewski
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - M Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - J Damicone
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078
| | - E DeWolf
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - A Dorrance
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691
| | - N Dufault
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - P Esker
- Escuela de Agronomia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica 10111
| | - T R Faske
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas Lonoke Research and Extension Center, Lonoke 72086
| | - L Giesler
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68508
| | - N Goldberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003
| | - J Golod
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - I R G Gómez
- Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiologica Fitosanitaria, Centro Nacional de Referenceia Fitosanitaria, Col. Del Carmen, Coyoacan, Mexico
| | - C Grau
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - A Grybauskas
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Management, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
| | | | - R Hammerschmidt
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - G L Hartman
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Urbana 61801
| | - R A Henn
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State 39762
| | - D Hershman
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Princeton 42445
| | - C Hollier
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803
| | - T Isakeit
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843
| | - S Isard
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - B Jacobsen
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman 59717
| | - D Jardine
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - R Kemerait
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton 31793
| | - S Koenning
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695
| | - M Langham
- Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
| | - D Malvick
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - S Markell
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108
| | - J J Marois
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - S Monfort
- Edisto Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Blackville 29817
| | - D Mueller
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - J Mueller
- Edisto Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Blackville 29817
| | - R Mulrooney
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Delaware, Newark 19716
| | - M Newman
- BASF Corporation, Jackson, TN 38301
| | | | - G B Padgett
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803
| | - B E Ruden
- South Dakota Wheat Growers Association, Aberdeen 57401
| | - J Rupe
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - R Schneider
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803
| | - H Schwartz
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523
| | - G Shaner
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907
| | - S Singh
- Department of Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Kimberly 83341
| | - E Stromberg
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061
| | - L Sweets
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211
| | - A Tenuta
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food, and Ministry of Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, Ontario, Canada, NOP2CO
| | - S Vaiciunas
- New Jersey Department of Agriculture, Trenton 08625
| | - X B Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - H Young-Kelly
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee West Tennessee Research and Education Center, Jackson 38301
| | - J Zidek
- ZedX Incorporated, Bellefonte, PA 16823
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Dias APS, Li X, Yang XB. Modeling the Effects of Cloudy Weather on Regional Epidemics of Soybean Rust. PLANT DISEASE 2014; 98:811-816. [PMID: 30708633 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-13-0269-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study simulated daily development of soybean rust (SBR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, based on cloud cover conditions. Results from a previous study that determined the relationship between shading and apparent infection rates were applied in this study to simulate SBR progress on a regional scale using a semi-empirical logistic model parameterized according to the observed cloud cover conditions. Depending on local weather data availability, cloudy days were assumed to be either (i) the days with less than 2 h of full sun or (ii) the days with complete cloud cover as measured by three daily observations. Estimated disease progress and final estimates of epidemic intensity were verified by 30 reports of seasonal disease progress in 11 regions of Brazil and South Africa from 2002 to 2007. The model predicted final disease severity and the observed final severity fall into a linear relationship with correlation coefficient r = 0.96 and a slope close to 1. Severe SBR epidemics occurred when 19.5 or more cloudy days were recorded during the period from initial disease detection to the date of final disease assessment near the end of a growing season in Brazil and South Africa. Mild epidemics were observed with less than eight cloudy days in a season.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - X Li
- Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - X B Yang
- Iowa State University, Ames 50011
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Mundt CC, Wallace LD, Allen TW, Hollier CA, Kemerait RC, Sikora EJ. Initial epidemic area is strongly associated with the yearly extent of soybean rust spread in North America. Biol Invasions 2013; 15:1431-1438. [PMID: 23853520 PMCID: PMC3706196 DOI: 10.1007/s10530-012-0381-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hosts of soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) are sensitive to low temperatures, limiting this obligate parasite in the United States to overwintering sites in a restricted area along the Gulf Coast. This temperature sensitivity of soybean rust hosts allowed us to study spatial spread of epidemic invasions over similar territory for seven sequential years, 2005-2011. The epidemic front expanded slowly from early April through July, with the majority of expansion occurring from August through November. There was a 7.4-fold range of final epidemic extent (0.4 to 3.0 million km2) from the year of smallest final disease extent (2011) to that of the largest (2007). The final epidemic area of each year was regressed against epidemic areas recorded at one-week intervals to determine the association of final epidemic extent with current epidemic extent. Coefficients of determination for these regressions varied between 0.44 to 0.62 during April and May. The correlation coefficients varied between 0.70 and 0.96 from early June through October, and then increased monotonically to 1.0 by year's end. Thus, the spatial extent of disease when the epidemics began rapid expansion may have been a crucial contributor to subsequent spread of soybean rust. Our analyses used presence/absence data at the county level to evaluate the spread of the epidemic front only; the subsequent local intensification of disease could be strongly influenced by other factors, including weather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C. Mundt
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, 2082 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902, USA
| | - LaRae D. Wallace
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, 2082 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902, USA
| | - Tom W. Allen
- Delta Research and Extension Center, 82 Stoneville Road, P.O. Box 197, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - Clayton A. Hollier
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University AgCenter, 302 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Robert C. Kemerait
- Department of Plant Pathology, Horticulture Building, 2360 Rainwater Road, Tifton, GA 31793-5766, USA
| | - Edward J. Sikora
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 153 ALFA Agricultural Building, 902 South Donahue Drive, Auburn University, AL 36849-5624, USA
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6
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Neto LB, de Oliveira RR, Wiebke-Strohm B, Bencke M, Weber RLM, Cabreira C, Abdelnoor RV, Marcelino FC, Zanettini MHB, Passaglia LMP. Identification of the soybean HyPRP family and specific gene response to Asian soybean rust disease. Genet Mol Biol 2013; 36:214-24. [PMID: 23885204 PMCID: PMC3715288 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572013005000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril], one of the most important crop species in the world, is very susceptible to abiotic and biotic stress. Soybean plants have developed a variety of molecular mechanisms that help them survive stressful conditions. Hybrid proline-rich proteins (HyPRPs) constitute a family of cell-wall proteins with a variable N-terminal domain and conserved C-terminal domain that is phylogenetically related to non-specific lipid transfer proteins. Members of the HyPRP family are involved in basic cellular processes and their expression and activity are modulated by environmental factors. In this study, microarray analysis and real time RT-qPCR were used to identify putative HyPRP genes in the soybean genome and to assess their expression in different plant tissues. Some of the genes were also analyzed by time-course real time RT-qPCR in response to infection by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal agent of Asian soybean rust disease. Our findings indicate that the time of induction of a defense pathway is crucial in triggering the soybean resistance response to P. pachyrhizi. This is the first study to identify the soybean HyPRP group B family and to analyze disease-responsive GmHyPRP during infection by P. pachyrhizi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauro Bücker Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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7
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Bonde MR, Nester SE, Berner DK. Effects of daily temperature highs on development of Phakopsora pachyrhizi on soybean. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2012; 102:761-8. [PMID: 22779743 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-12-0011-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although considerable information exists regarding the importance of moisture in the development of soybean rust, little is known about the influence of temperature. The purpose of our study was to determine whether temperature might be a significant limiting factor in the development of soybean rust in the southeastern United States. Soybean plants infected with Phakopsora pachyrhizi were incubated in temperature-controlled growth chambers simulating day and night diurnal temperature patterns representative of the southeastern United States during the growing season. At 3-day intervals beginning 12 days after inoculation, urediniospores were collected from each plant and counted. The highest numbers of urediniospores were produced when day temperatures peaked at 21 or 25°C and night temperatures dipped to 8 or 12°C. When day temperatures peaked at 29, 33, or 37°C for a minimum of 1 h/day, urediniospore production was reduced to 36, 19, and 0%, respectively, compared with urediniospore production at the optimum diurnal temperature conditions. Essentially, no lesions developed when the daily temperature high was 37°C or above. Temperature data obtained from the National Climatic Data Center showed that temperature highs during July and August in several southeastern states were too high for significant urediniospore production on 55 to 77% of days. The inhibition of temperature highs on soybean rust development in southeastern states not only limits disease locally but also has implications pertaining to spread of soybean rust into and development of disease in the major soybean-producing regions of the Midwestern and northern states. We concluded from our results that temperature highs common to southeastern states are a factor in the delay or absence of soybean rust in much of the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Bonde
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
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9
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Dufault NS, Isard SA, Marois JJ, Wright DL. Removal of Wet Deposited Phakopsora pachyrhizi Urediniospores from Soybean Leaves by Subsequent Rainfall. PLANT DISEASE 2010; 94:1336-1340. [PMID: 30743645 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-10-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Urediniospores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the soybean rust fungus, have a high probability of being removed from a soybean leaf by water runoff associated with subsequent rainfall after wet deposition. The effects of rainfall intensity, subsequent spore-free rainfall duration, and soybean leaf sample height on uredinia density were used to evaluate the retention of urediniospores on soybean leaf tissue. Rainfall simulations of 45 and 85 mm/h were conducted on potted soybean plants that were inoculated with 2 min of urediniospore-injected simulated rainfall and exposed to 0, 1, and 30 min of subsequent spore-free rainfall. Urediniospore retention was estimated using uredinia density values obtained from a detached leaf bioassay for the sample heights of soil level, mid-canopy, and upper-canopy. Soil level leaflets inoculated with the 45 mm/h rainfall intensity treatment had a higher (P < 0.01) mean number of uredinia/cm2 than the 85 mm/h treatment, even though they were inoculated with approximately 40% fewer urediniospores. Subsequent spore-free rainfall reduced (P < 0.01) uredinia density by as much as 38 and 91% for the 1- and 30-min durations, respectively. The relationship between uredinia density proportion and depth of rainfall was best fit using an inverse power empirical model. Our results indicate that a majority of the wet deposited P. pachyrhizi urediniospores would be removed from soybean leaf surfaces by subsequent rainfall, but sufficient percentages of spores (10 to 25%) will likely remain on the leaf tissue long enough to germinate and infect during heavy summer rains lasting ≥30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Dufault
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - S A Isard
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | | | - D L Wright
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida - North Florida Research and Education Center, IFAS, Quincy 32351
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10
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Fang ZD, Marois JJ, Stacey G, Schoelz JE, English JT, Schmidt FJ. Combinatorially selected peptides for protection of soybean against Phakopsora pachyrhizi. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2010; 100:1111-7. [PMID: 20839946 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-09-0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the fungal pathogen that causes Asian soybean rust, has the potential to cause significant losses in soybean yield in many production regions of the United States. Germplasm with durable, single-gene resistance is lacking, and control of rust depends on timely application of fungicides. To assist the development of new modes of soybean resistance, we identified peptides from combinatorial phage-display peptide libraries that inhibit germ tube growth from urediniospores of P. pachyrhizi. Two peptides, Sp2 and Sp39, were identified that inhibit germ tube development when displayed as fusions with the coat protein of M13 phage or as fusions with maize cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (ZmCKX1). In either display format, the inhibitory effect of the peptides on germ tube growth was concentration dependent. In addition, when peptides Sp2 or Sp39 in either format were mixed with urediniospores and inoculated to soybean leaves with an 8-h wetness period, rust lesion development was reduced. Peptides Sp2 and Sp39, displayed on ZmCKX1, were found to interact with a 20-kDa protein derived from germinated urediniospores. Incorporating peptides that inhibit pathogen development and pathogenesis into breeding programs may contribute to the development of soybean cultivars with improved, durable rust tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei D Fang
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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11
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Li X, Esker PD, Pan Z, Dias AP, Xue L, Yang XB. The Uniqueness of the Soybean Rust Pathosystem: An Improved Understanding of the Risk in Different Regions of the World. PLANT DISEASE 2010; 94:796-806. [PMID: 30743560 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-94-7-0796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - P D Esker
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Z Pan
- St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63108
| | - A P Dias
- Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO 63167
| | - L Xue
- St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63108
| | - X B Yang
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
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12
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Fabiszewski AM, Umbanhowar J, Mitchell CE. Modeling landscape-scale pathogen spillover between domesticated and wild hosts: Asian soybean rust and kudzu. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2010; 20:582-92. [PMID: 20405808 DOI: 10.1890/08-0820.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Many emerging pathogens infect both domesticated and wild host species, creating the potential for pathogen transmission between domesticated and wild populations. This common situation raises the question of whether managing negative impacts of disease on a focal host population (whether domesticated, endangered, or pest) requires management of only the domesticated host, only the wild host, or both. To evaluate the roles of domesticated and wild hosts in the dynamics of shared pathogens, we developed a spatially implicit model of a pathogen transmitted by airborne spores between two host species restricted to two different landscape patch types. As well as exploring the general dynamics and implications of the model, we fully parameterized our model for Asian soybean rust, a multihost infectious disease that emerged in the United States in 2004. The rust fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi infects many legume species, including soybeans (Glycine max) and the nonnative invasive species kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata). Our model predicts that epidemics are driven by the host species that is more abundant in the landscape. In managed landscapes, this will generally be the domesticated host. However, many pathogens overwinter on a wild host, which acts as the source of initial inoculum at the start of the growing season. Our model predicts that very low local densities of infected wild hosts, surviving in landscape patches separate from the domesticated host, are sufficient to initiate epidemics in the domesticated host, such that managing epidemics by reducing wild host local density may not be feasible. In contrast, managing to reduce pathogen infection of a domesticated host can reduce disease impacts on wild host populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Fabiszewski
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Biology, CB #3280 408, Coker Hall, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280, USA
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Park S, Chen ZY, Chanda AK, Schneider RW, Hollier CA. Viability of Phakopsora pachyrhizi Urediniospores Under Simulated Southern Louisiana Winter Temperature Conditions. PLANT DISEASE 2008; 92:1456-1462. [PMID: 30769571 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-92-10-1456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, originally occurred in Asia. It has now spread to South America and the continental United States. This disease has the potential to cause severe economic losses to U.S. soybean growers, especially in the south, where the environmental conditions are more favorable to P. pachyrhizi survival during winter. In the present study, the effect of simulated southern Louisiana winter temperature conditions (12°C, 14-h days and 1°C, 10-h nights with 75% relative humidity) on soybean rust urediniospore viability was examined. It was found that urediniospore viability declined rapidly from 72 to 40% after 1 day and then decreased gradually to 17% after 7 days and 11% after 60 days. Spores stored under southern Louisiana winter conditions for 60 days still produced pustules on inoculated leaves. In comparison, the viability of spores stored at room temperature decreased gradually and reached 0% at the end of 60 days. Winter temperature treatment not only reduced spore viability but also decreased germ tube growth. In addition, soybean rust spores recovered from overwintered dry kudzu leaves were also found viable. This study indicates that soybean rust spores could survive southern Louisiana winter conditions and initiate a new cycle of infection in the next growing season.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Park
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803
| | - Z-Y Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803
| | - A K Chanda
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803
| | - R W Schneider
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803
| | - C A Hollier
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803
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Christiano RSC, Scherm H. Quantitative aspects of the spread of asian soybean rust in the southeastern United States, 2005 to 2006. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2007; 97:1428-1433. [PMID: 18943512 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-97-11-1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The regional dynamics of soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, in six southeastern states (Florida, Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia) in 2005 and 2006 were analyzed based on disease records collected as part of U.S. Department of Agriculture's soybean rust surveillance and monitoring program. The season-long rate of temporal disease progress averaged approximately 0.5 new cases day(1) and was higher in nonsentinel soybean (Glycine max) plots than in sentinel soybean plots and kudzu (Pueraria lobata) plots. Despite the early detection of rust on kudzu in January and/or February each year (representing the final phase of the previous year's epidemic), the disease developed slowly during the spring and early summer on this host species and did not enter its exponential phase until late August, more than 1 month after it did so on soybean. On soybean, cases occurred very sporadically before the beginning of July, after which their number increased rapidly. Thus, while kudzu likely provides the initial inoculum for epidemics on soybean, the rapid increase in disease prevalence on kudzu toward the end of the season appears to be driven by inoculum produced on soybean. Of 112 soybean cases with growth stage data, only one occurred during vegetative crop development while approximately 75% occurred at stage R6 (full seed) or higher. The median nearest-neighbor distance of spread among cases was approximately 70 km in both years, with 10% of the distances each being below approximately 30 km and above approximately 200 km. Considering only the epidemic on soybean, the disease expanded at an average rate of 8.8 and 10.4 km day(1) in 2005 and 2006, respectively. These rates are at the lower range of those reported for the annual spread of tobacco blue mold from the Caribbean Basin through the southeastern United States. Regional spread of soybean rust may be limited by the slow disease progress on kudzu during the first half of the year combined with the short period available for disease establishment on soybean during the vulnerable phase of host reproductive development, although low inoculum availability in 2005 and dry conditions in 2006 also may have reduced epidemic potential.
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Pan Z, Yang XB, Pivonia S, Xue L, Pasken R, Roads J. Long-Term Prediction of Soybean Rust Entry into the Continental United States. PLANT DISEASE 2006; 90:840-846. [PMID: 30781018 DOI: 10.1094/pd-90-0840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This special report demonstrates the feasibility of long-term prediction of intercontinental dispersal of Phakopsora pachyrhizi spores, the causal agent of the devastating Asian soybean rust (SBR) that invaded the continental United States in 2004. The climate-dispersion integrated model system used for the prediction is the combination of the particle transport and dispersion model (HYSPLIT_4) with the regional climate prediction model (MM5). The integrated model system predicts the trajectory and concentration of P. pachyrhizi spores based on three-dimensional wind advection and turbulent transport while incorporating simple viability criteria for aerial spores. The weather input of the model system is from a seasonal global climate prediction. The spore source strength and distribution were estimated from detected SBR disease severity and spread. The model system was applied to the known P. pachyrhizi spore dispersal between and within continents while focusing on the disease entry into the United States. Prediction validation using confirmed disease activity demonstrated that the model predicted the 2004 U.S. entry months in advance and reasonably forecast disease spread from the south coast states in the 2005 growing season. The model also simulated the dispersal from Africa to South America and from southern South America to Columbia across the equator. These validations indicate that the integrated model system, when furnished with detailed source distribution, can be a useful tool for P. pachyrhizi and possibly other airborne pathogen prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Pan
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103
| | - X B Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - S Pivonia
- Arava R&D, Sapir, P.O. Box. Arava, 86825 ISRAEL
| | - L Xue
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103
| | - R Pasken
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103
| | - J Roads
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093
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