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Yu H, Chang KF, Fredua-Agyeman R, Hwang SF, Strelkov SE. Diversity and Pathogenicity of Fusarium Root Rot Fungi from Canola ( Brassica napus) in Alberta, Canada. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6244. [PMID: 38892432 PMCID: PMC11172839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Root rot disease poses a significant threat to canola (Brassica napus), underscoring the need for a comprehensive understanding of its causal agents for more effective disease mitigation. The composition and diversity of fungal pathogens associated with root rot of canola in Alberta, Canada, were evaluated from plant tissue samples collected in 2021 and 2022. The study revealed Fusarium spp. as the predominant pathogens found in almost all surveyed fields. Fusarium avenaceum, F. redolens, and F. solani were among the most frequently recovered species. Greenhouse trials confirmed their pathogenicity, with F. avenaceum and F. sporotrichioides found to be particularly aggressive. Additionally, F. sporotrichioides and F. commune were identified for the first time as canola root rot pathogens. Inoculation with isolates of most species resulted in significant reductions in seedling emergence, plant height, and shoot and root dry weights. Analysis of translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF-1α) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences confirmed the identity of the Fusarium spp., while concatenating the ITS and TEF-1α sequences enabled improved species differentiation. Geographic and year effects did not influence fungal diversity or aggressiveness, as determined by principal component analysis. This study emphasized the high diversity and impact of Fusarium spp. in causing canola root rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitian Yu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (H.Y.); (K.-F.C.); (R.F.-A.)
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Kan-Fa Chang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (H.Y.); (K.-F.C.); (R.F.-A.)
| | - Rudolph Fredua-Agyeman
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (H.Y.); (K.-F.C.); (R.F.-A.)
| | - Sheau-Fang Hwang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (H.Y.); (K.-F.C.); (R.F.-A.)
| | - Stephen E. Strelkov
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (H.Y.); (K.-F.C.); (R.F.-A.)
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Barreto Ramos DG, Gurgel Amaral AG, Duarte IG, Carlos da Silva A, Anderson Dos Santos Vieira W, Castlebury LA, Saraiva Câmara MP. Endophytic species of Colletotrichum associated with cashew tree in northeastern Brazil. Fungal Biol 2024; 128:1780-1789. [PMID: 38796262 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum is the most severe and widely occurring cashew disease in Brazil. Colletotrichum species are commonly found as pathogens, endophytes and occasionally as saprophytes in a wide range of hosts. The endophytic species associated with cashew trees are poorly studied. In this study, we report the Colletotrichum endophytic species associated with cashew trees in two locations in the state of Pernambuco, their prevalence in different plant organs (leaves, veins, branches and inflorescences), and compare the species in terms of pathogenicity and aggressiveness using different inoculation methods (wounded × unwounded). Six species of Colletotrichum were identified according to multilocus phylogenetic analyses, including Colletotrichum asianum, Colletotrichum chrysophilum, Colletotrichum karsti, Colletotrichum siamense, Colletotrichum theobromicola, and Colletotrichum tropicale. There were differences in the percentage of isolation in relation to the prevalence of colonized tissues and collection locations. C. tropicale was the prevalent species in both geographic areas and plant tissues collected, with no pattern of distribution of species between areas and plant tissues. All isolates were pathogenic in injured tissues of cashew plants. The best method to test the pathogenicity of Colletotrichum species was utilizing the combination of leaves + presence of wounds + conidial suspension, as it better represents the natural infection process. C. siamense was the most aggressive species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Gabriele Gurgel Amaral
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Gomes Duarte
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Anthony Carlos da Silva
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Lisa A Castlebury
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Marcos Paz Saraiva Câmara
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Norphanphoun C, Hyde KD. First Report of Colletotrichum fructicola, C. rhizophorae sp. nov. and C. thailandica sp. nov. on Mangrove in Thailand. Pathogens 2023; 12:1436. [PMID: 38133319 PMCID: PMC10747506 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum, a genus within the phylum Ascomycota (Fungi) and family Glomerellaceae are important plant pathogens globally. In this paper, we detail four Colletotrichum species found in mangrove ecosystems. Two new species, Colletotrichum rhizophorae and C. thailandica, and a new host record for Colletotrichum fructicola were identified in Thailand. Colletotrichum tropicale was collected from Taiwan's mangroves and is a new record for Rhizophora mucronata. These identifications were established through a combination of molecular analysis and morphological characteristics. This expanded dataset for Colletotrichum enhances our understanding of the genetic diversity within this genus and its associations with mangrove ecosystems. The findings outlined herein provide data on our exploration of mangrove pathogens in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chada Norphanphoun
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
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Duarte IG, Amaral AGG, Vieira WADS, Veloso JS, Silva ACD, Silva CDFBD, Balbino VDQ, Castlebury LA, Câmara MPS. Diversity of Colletotrichum species associated with torch ginger anthracnose. Mycologia 2023; 115:661-673. [PMID: 37494636 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2023.2227747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species is one of the most important diseases of torch ginger. The disease leads to loss of aesthetic and commercial value of torch ginger stems. This study aimed to characterize Colletotrichum species associated with torch ginger anthracnose in the production areas of Pernambuco and Ceará. A total of 48 Colletotrichum isolates were identified using molecular techniques. Pathogenicity tests were performed on torch ginger with representative isolates. Phylogenetic analyses based on seven loci-DNA lyase (APN2), intergenic spacer between DNA lyase and the mating-type locus MAT1-2-1 (APN2/MAT-IGS), calmodulin (CAL), intergenic spacer between glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and a hypothetical protein (GAP2-IGS), glutamine synthetase (GS), and β-tubulin (TUB2)-revealed that they belong to five known Colletotrichum species, namely, C. chrysophilum, C. fructicola, C. siamense, C. theobromicola, and C. tropicale, and three newly discovered species, described here as C. atlanticum, C. floscerae, and C. zingibericola. Of these, C. atlanticum was the most dominant. Pathogenicity assays showed that all isolates were pathogenic to torch ginger bracts. All species are reported for the first time associated with torch ginger in Brazil. The present study contributes to the current understanding of the diversity of Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose on torch ginger and demonstrates the importance of accurate species identification for effective disease management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Gomes Duarte
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Josiene Silva Veloso
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Anthony Carlos da Silva
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lisa A Castlebury
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA
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Pectate Lyase Genes Abundantly Expressed During the Infection Regulate Morphological Development of Colletotrichum camelliae and CcPEL16 Is Required for Full Virulence to Tea Plants. mSphere 2023; 8:e0067722. [PMID: 36692304 PMCID: PMC9942558 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00677-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum camelliae is the dominant species causing foliar diseases of tea plants (Camellia sinensis) in China. Transcriptome data and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis have demonstrated that the pectate lyase genes in C. camelliae (CcPELs) were significantly upregulated during infectious development on tea plants (cv. Longjing43). To further evaluate the biological functions of CcPELs, we established a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated protoplast transformation system of C. camelliae and generated targeted deletion mutants of seven CcPELs. Phenotypic assays showed that the genes contribute to mycelial growth, conidiation, and appressorium development. The polypeptides encoded by each CcPEL gene contained a predicted N-terminal signal peptide, and a yeast invertase secretion assay suggested that each CcPEL protein could be secreted. Cell death-suppressive activity assays confirmed that all seven CcPELs did not suppress Bax-induced cell death in tobacco leaf cells. However, deletion of CcPEL16 significantly reduced necrotic lesions on tea leaves. Taken together, these results indicated that CcPELs play essential roles in regulating morphological development, and CcPEL16 is required for full virulence in C. camelliae. IMPORTANCE In this study, we first established a PEG-mediated protoplast transformation system of C. camelliae and used it to investigate the biological functions of seven pectate lyase genes (CcPELs) which were abundantly expressed during infection. The results provided insights into the contributions of pectate lyase to mycelial growth, conidial production, appressorium formation, and the pathogenicity of C. camelliae. We also confirmed the secretory function of CcPEL proteins and their role in suppressing Bax-induced cell death. Overall, this study provides an effective method for generating gene-deletion transformants in C. camelliae and broadens our understanding of pectate lyase in regulating morphological development and pathogenicity.
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