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da Silva GG, Braga LEDO, de Oliveira ECS, de Carvalho JE, Lazarini JG, Rosalen PL, Dionísio AP, Ruiz ALTG. Evaluation of a Standardized Extract Obtained from Cashew Apple ( Anacardium occidentale L.) Bagasse in DSS-Induced Mouse Colitis. Foods 2023; 12:3318. [PMID: 37685250 PMCID: PMC10486448 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Several studies relate eating habits to different aspects of IBD, such as progression and worsening of the clinical condition. Therefore, many natural products (NPs) such as polyphenols and carotenoids have been identified as promising agents in supporting IBD. An interesting source for obtaining bioactive NPs is the by-products of the food industry. The present study evaluated the potential beneficial effect of a standardized extract (CAE) obtained from cashew apple bagasse in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis model in mice. This was the first time that CAE had been evaluated in this experimental model. Chemical evaluation of CAE identified carotenoids (96.28 ± 0.15 mg/100 g), phenolic compounds (37.49 ± 0.64 mg/100 g), and a mixture of anacardic acids (C15:3 = 94.2 ± 0.6 mg/100 g; C15:2 = 108.4 ± 0.1 mg/100 g; C15:1 = 214.8 ± 0.2 mg/100 g). Administration of CAE (500 mg/kg, 4 days, p.o.) after DSS challenge was more effective in delaying disease progression compared with prior treatment (500 mg/kg, 30 days, p.o.), according to the disease activity index. However, no treatment strategy with CAE was able to prevent or inhibit disease progression, since all parameters evaluated (macroscopic, biochemical, and histopathological) in CAE-treated animals were similar to those observed in DSS-challenged animals. Despite the high dose (500 mg/kg), the standardized extract (CAE) did not result in an effective concentration of carotenoids. Furthermore, as some anacardic acids have been reported as histone acetyltransferases inhibitors, there could be a possible antagonistic relationship between carotenoids and anacardic acids. Complementary research will be necessary to test the hypothesis of antagonism. Thus, an optimized extract, with an even higher concentration of carotenoids, obtained from cashew apple bagasse, can be developed as a possible adjuvant food supplement for inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Goulart da Silva
- Piracicaba Dental School, Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil; (G.G.d.S.); (L.E.d.O.B.); (P.L.R.)
| | - Lucia Elaine de Oliveira Braga
- Piracicaba Dental School, Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil; (G.G.d.S.); (L.E.d.O.B.); (P.L.R.)
| | - Ellen Cristina Souza de Oliveira
- Institute of Biology, Cellular and Structural Biology Graduate Program, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-865, SP, Brazil;
| | - João Ernesto de Carvalho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil;
| | - Josy Goldoni Lazarini
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil;
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, Piracicaba 13425-380, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Luiz Rosalen
- Piracicaba Dental School, Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil; (G.G.d.S.); (L.E.d.O.B.); (P.L.R.)
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Alfenas, UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Lucia Tasca Gois Ruiz
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil;
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Arruda TFDL, de Lima GS, da Silva AAR, de Azevedo CAV, de Souza AR, Soares LADA, Gheyi HR, de Lima VLA, Fernandes PD, da Silva FDA, Dias MDS, Chaves LHG, Saboya LMF. Salicylic Acid as a Salt Stress Mitigator on Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Photosynthetic Pigments, and Growth of Precocious-Dwarf Cashew in the Post-Grafting Phase. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2783. [PMID: 37570936 PMCID: PMC10421428 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid is a phytohormone that has been used to mitigate the effects of saline stress on plants. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid as a salt stress attenuator on the physiology and growth of precocious-dwarf cashew plants in the post-grafting phase. The study was carried out in a plant nursery using a randomized block design in a 5 × 4 factorial arrangement corresponding to five electrical conductivity levels of irrigation water (0.4, 1.2, 2.0, 2.8, and 3.6 dS m-1) and four salicylic acid concentrations (0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mM), with three replications. Irrigation water with electrical conductivity levels above 0.4 dS m-1 negatively affected the relative water content in the leaf blade, photosynthetic pigments, the fluorescence of chlorophyll a, and plant growth and increased electrolyte leakage in the leaf blade of precocious-dwarf cashew plants in the absence of salicylic acid. It was verified through the regression analysis that salicylic acid at a concentration of 1.1 mM attenuated the effects of salt stress on the relative water content and electrolyte leakage in the leaf blade, while the concentration of 1.7 mM increased the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments in precocious-dwarf cashew plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Filipe de Lima Arruda
- Post Graduate Program in Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.A.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (C.A.V.d.A.); (A.R.d.S.); (H.R.G.); (V.L.A.d.L.); (P.D.F.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (M.d.S.D.); (L.H.G.C.); (L.M.F.S.)
| | - Geovani Soares de Lima
- Post Graduate Program in Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.A.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (C.A.V.d.A.); (A.R.d.S.); (H.R.G.); (V.L.A.d.L.); (P.D.F.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (M.d.S.D.); (L.H.G.C.); (L.M.F.S.)
| | - André Alisson Rodrigues da Silva
- Post Graduate Program in Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.A.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (C.A.V.d.A.); (A.R.d.S.); (H.R.G.); (V.L.A.d.L.); (P.D.F.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (M.d.S.D.); (L.H.G.C.); (L.M.F.S.)
| | - Carlos Alberto Vieira de Azevedo
- Post Graduate Program in Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.A.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (C.A.V.d.A.); (A.R.d.S.); (H.R.G.); (V.L.A.d.L.); (P.D.F.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (M.d.S.D.); (L.H.G.C.); (L.M.F.S.)
| | - Allesson Ramos de Souza
- Post Graduate Program in Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.A.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (C.A.V.d.A.); (A.R.d.S.); (H.R.G.); (V.L.A.d.L.); (P.D.F.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (M.d.S.D.); (L.H.G.C.); (L.M.F.S.)
| | | | - Hans Raj Gheyi
- Post Graduate Program in Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.A.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (C.A.V.d.A.); (A.R.d.S.); (H.R.G.); (V.L.A.d.L.); (P.D.F.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (M.d.S.D.); (L.H.G.C.); (L.M.F.S.)
| | - Vera Lúcia Antunes de Lima
- Post Graduate Program in Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.A.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (C.A.V.d.A.); (A.R.d.S.); (H.R.G.); (V.L.A.d.L.); (P.D.F.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (M.d.S.D.); (L.H.G.C.); (L.M.F.S.)
| | - Pedro Dantas Fernandes
- Post Graduate Program in Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.A.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (C.A.V.d.A.); (A.R.d.S.); (H.R.G.); (V.L.A.d.L.); (P.D.F.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (M.d.S.D.); (L.H.G.C.); (L.M.F.S.)
| | - Francisco de Assis da Silva
- Post Graduate Program in Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.A.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (C.A.V.d.A.); (A.R.d.S.); (H.R.G.); (V.L.A.d.L.); (P.D.F.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (M.d.S.D.); (L.H.G.C.); (L.M.F.S.)
| | - Mirandy dos Santos Dias
- Post Graduate Program in Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.A.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (C.A.V.d.A.); (A.R.d.S.); (H.R.G.); (V.L.A.d.L.); (P.D.F.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (M.d.S.D.); (L.H.G.C.); (L.M.F.S.)
| | - Lucia Helena Garófalo Chaves
- Post Graduate Program in Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.A.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (C.A.V.d.A.); (A.R.d.S.); (H.R.G.); (V.L.A.d.L.); (P.D.F.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (M.d.S.D.); (L.H.G.C.); (L.M.F.S.)
| | - Luciano Marcelo Fallé Saboya
- Post Graduate Program in Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, Brazil; (T.F.d.L.A.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (C.A.V.d.A.); (A.R.d.S.); (H.R.G.); (V.L.A.d.L.); (P.D.F.); (F.d.A.d.S.); (M.d.S.D.); (L.H.G.C.); (L.M.F.S.)
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Meneguelli TS, Kolba N, Misra A, Dionísio AP, Pelissari Kravchychyn AC, Da Silva BP, Stampini Duarte Martino H, Hermsdorff HHM, Tako E. Intra-Amniotic Administration of Cashew Nut ( Anacardium occidentale L.) Soluble Extract Improved Gut Functionality and Morphology In Vivo ( Gallus gallus). Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102378. [PMID: 37242261 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cashew nuts are rich in dietary fibers, monounsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, tocopherols, flavonoids, catechins, amino acids, and minerals that offer benefits for health. However, the knowledge of its effect on gut health is lacking. In this way, cashew nut soluble extract (CNSE) was assessed in vivo via intra-amniotic administration in intestinal brush border membrane (BBM) morphology, functionality, and gut microbiota. Four groups were evaluated: (1) no injection (control); (2) H2O injection (control); (3) 10 mg/mL CNSE (1%); and (4) 50 mg/mL CNSE (5%). Results related to CNSE on duodenal morphological parameters showed higher Paneth cell numbers, goblet cell (GC) diameter in crypt and villi, depth crypt, mixed GC per villi, and villi surface area. Further, it decreased GC number and acid and neutral GC. In the gut microbiota, treatment with CNSE showed a lower abundance of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and E. coli. Further, in intestinal functionality, CNSE upregulated aminopeptidase (AP) gene expression at 5% compared to 1% CNSE. In conclusion, CNSE had beneficial effects on gut health by improving duodenal BBM functionality, as it upregulated AP gene expression, and by modifying morphological parameters ameliorating digestive and absorptive capacity. For intestinal microbiota, higher concentrations of CNSE or long-term intervention may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikolai Kolba
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Arundhati Misra
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | | | | | - Bárbara Pereira Da Silva
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elad Tako
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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Tessmer MA, Ribeiro BG, Kluge RA, Salvador A, Appezzato-da-Glória B. Characterization of the Epidermis and Cuticle of the Cashew Pseudofruit during Its Development and Maturation. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:293. [PMID: 36679007 PMCID: PMC9866660 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The epidermis and cuticle play an important role in reducing dehydration and protecting the cashew pseudofruit in both the production environment and the postharvest stage. This study analyzes the alterations on the epidermis and cuticle of CCP 76 cashew pseudofruits harvested in five developmental and maturation stages (S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5). The epidermis and cuticle of the samples were analyzed under light microscopy (LM) (quantitative analysis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The epidermal cells at S3 reached maximum outer periclinal wall thickness, which reduced during ripening (S4 and S5), while the cuticle increased in thickness during the same period. These changes coincided with the rapid initial growth of the cashew pseudofruit when the epidermis and cuticle need to accompany the expansion of internal tissues. At the ultrastructural level, lipid material is transported via vesicles through the cell wall to the cuticle, increasing its thickness. Epicuticular waxes, previously deposited as plates and globules, began to develop an amorphous shape during maturation. This process possibly occurs due to changes in wax composition that can be related to the development of greasiness on the fruit skin. These findings provide a better understanding of cashew pseudofruit skin, which will aid future studies and strategies to preserve quality during the postharvest stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Andréia Tessmer
- Biological Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Geraldelli Ribeiro
- Biological Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alfredo Kluge
- Biological Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Alejandra Salvador
- Postharvest Department, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Appezzato-da-Glória
- Biological Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil
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Costa J, Villa C, Grazina L, Mafra I. Single-tube nested real-time PCR versus normalised real-time PCR for the quantification of allergenic cashew nut in foods: Impact of thermal processing and matrix. Food Chem 2022; 397:133778. [PMID: 35908469 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, three allergen-encoding genes (Ana o 1, Ana o 2, Ana o 3) were investigated for the detection of cashew nut as an allergenic food. Normalised and single-tube nested real-time PCR approaches targeting the Ana o 2 or Ana o 3 genes are proposed and compared. Normalised real-time PCR detected 10 pg, while single-tube nested real-time PCR achieved 1 pg of cashew nut DNA. Single-tube nested real-time PCR targeting Ana o 3 allowed the best relative sensitivities (10 mg/kg cashew nut in dough/biscuit), being successfully validated regarding precision/accuracy. The normalised real-time PCR did not show acceptable accuracy for both targets. Sensitivity of single-tube nested real-time PCR was affected by the matrix (pasta), but not by thermal processing (dough/biscuit). Herein, two highly sensitive and specific single-tube nested real-time PCR targeting allergen-encoding genes are proposed for the first time as quantitative/validated tools for cashew nut analysis as an allergenic food.
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Goulart da Silva G, de Oliveira Braga LE, Souza de Oliveira EC, Valério Tinti S, de Carvalho JE, Goldoni Lazarini J, Rosalen PL, Dionísio AP, Tasca Gois Ruiz AL. Cashew apple byproduct: Gastroprotective effects of standardized extract. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 269:113744. [PMID: 33359862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The incidence of gastric mucosa lesions in the adult population has increased mainly due to the continued use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is a tropical tree, cultivated in several countries, whose barks, leaves and pseudofruit (cashew apple) are popularly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases, including gastric ulcer. AIM Our study evaluated the potential gastroprotective effect of the carotenoid and anacardic acids-enriched aqueous extract (CAE), prepared from cashew apple pomace, in the dose-repeated acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)-induced gastric lesions model in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS After randomly distribution into five group (G1 - G5, n = 8 animals/group), male Wistar rats were daily treated with ASA solution (200 mg/kg, 5 ml/kg, G2 - G5) or potable water (Satellite group, G1) during 14 days. From 8th to 14th experimental day, rats in G3 - G5 groups were orally treated with CAE (50, 100 and 500 mg/kg, 5 ml/kg, respectively). Body weight was measured on 0, 7th and 14th day. On the 14th experimental day, all surviving animals were euthanized for macroscopic evaluation of the inner organs and stomach removal. After weighting, each stomach was properly prepared for biochemical analysis [myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), reduced glutathione analysis (GSH), IL-1β, CXCL2/MIP-2, TNF-α and IL-10 levels]. RESULTS At the most efficient dose (100 mg/kg, p.o.), CAE-treated animals showed a slight improvement in the macroscopic aspect of gastric mucosa associated with significant (p < 0.05) reduced levels of IL-1β, CXCL2/MIP-2, and MPO activity besides increased levels of GSH (partially), and IL-10 in stomach tissues. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the carotenoid and anacardic acids-enriched extract obtained from cashew apple pomace is a promising raw material for the development of herbal medicine and/or functional food supplements for the adjuvant treatment of NSAIDs-induced gastric ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Goulart da Silva
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center, University of Campinas, CPQBA/UNICAMP, 13148-218, Paulínia, SP, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, FOP/UNICAMP, 13414-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lucia Elaine de Oliveira Braga
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center, University of Campinas, CPQBA/UNICAMP, 13148-218, Paulínia, SP, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, FOP/UNICAMP, 13414-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ellen Cristina Souza de Oliveira
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center, University of Campinas, CPQBA/UNICAMP, 13148-218, Paulínia, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sirlene Valério Tinti
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center, University of Campinas, CPQBA/UNICAMP, 13148-218, Paulínia, SP, Brazil.
| | - João Ernesto de Carvalho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, FCF/UNICAMP, 13083-871, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Josy Goldoni Lazarini
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, FOP/UNICAMP, 13414-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Luiz Rosalen
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, FOP/UNICAMP, 13414-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Ana Lucia Tasca Gois Ruiz
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, FCF/UNICAMP, 13083-871, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Siracusa R, Fusco R, Peritore AF, Cordaro M, D'Amico R, Genovese T, Gugliandolo E, Crupi R, Smeriglio A, Mandalari G, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R, Impellizzeri D. The Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Anacardium occidentale L. Cashew Nuts in a Mouse Model of Colitis. Nutrients 2020; 12:E834. [PMID: 32245085 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anacardium occidentale L. is a tropical plant used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The goal of the present work was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant potential of oral administration of cashew nuts (from Anacardium occidentale L.) in a mouse model of colitis. Methods: Induction of colitis was performed by intrarectally injection of dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS). Cashew nuts were administered daily orally (100 mg/kg) in DNBS-injected mice. Results: Four days after DNBS, histological and macroscopic colon alterations as well as marked clinical signs and increased cytokine production were observed. Neutrophil infiltration, measured by myeloperoxidase (MPO) positive immunostaining, was correlated with up-regulation of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and P-selectin in colons. Oxidative stress was detected with increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, nitrotyrosine, and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) positive staining in inflamed colons. Oral treatment with cashew nuts reduced histological, macroscopic damage, neutrophil infiltration, pro-inflammatory cytokines and MDA levels, as well as nitrotyrosine, PARP and ICAM-1, and P-selectin expressions. Colon inflammation could be related to nuclear factor (NF)-kB pathway activation and reduced manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) antioxidant activity. Cashew nuts administration inhibited NF-kB and increased MnSOD antioxidant expressions. Conclusions: The results suggested that oral assumption of cashew nuts may be beneficial for the management of colitis.
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Melo AMA, Oliveira MRF, Furtado RF, de Fatima Borges M, Biswas A, Cheng HN, Alves CR. Preparation and characterization of carboxymethyl cashew gum grafted with immobilized antibody for potential biosensor application. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 228:115408. [PMID: 31635742 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This report details the design of carboxymethylated cashew gum (CG) as a platform for antibody (Ab) immobilization, which can then be used as a biosensor for bacteria detection. The CG was isolated and characterized, followed by conversion to carboxymethyl cashew gum (CMCG). The CMCG film was a viable support for antibody immobilization; it was electrodeposited on gold surface using the cyclic voltammetry technique, applying a potential sweep from -1.0 V to 1.3 V with a scan rate of 50 mV s-1 and 10 scans. The COOH groups on the surface of the film were critical in promoting Ab bonding. The immobilization of the Ab was mediated by protein A (PrA) for recognition of the antigen. Voltammetry studies were used to monitor the antibody immobilization. Finally, the analytical response of the CMCG-PrA-Ab system was evaluated with the chronoamperometry technique and was found to detect Salmonella Typhimurium bacteria rapidly and efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airis Maria Araújo Melo
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Ceara, 1700 Dr. Silas Munguba Avenue, Fortaleza, CE 60740-903, Brazil
| | - Maria Roniele Felix Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Ceara, 1700 Dr. Silas Munguba Avenue, Fortaleza, CE 60740-903, Brazil
| | - Roselayne Ferro Furtado
- Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry, 2270 Sara Mesquita Alves Street, Fortaleza, CE 60511-110, Brazil.
| | - Maria de Fatima Borges
- Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry, 2270 Sara Mesquita Alves Street, Fortaleza, CE 60511-110, Brazil
| | - Atanu Biswas
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA
| | - Huai N Cheng
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA
| | - Carlucio Roberto Alves
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Ceara, 1700 Dr. Silas Munguba Avenue, Fortaleza, CE 60740-903, Brazil
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Dos Santos GHF, Amaral A, da Silva EB. Antibacterial activity of irradiated extracts of Anacardium occidentale L. on multiresistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 140:327-332. [PMID: 30121458 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of crude and fractionated leaf extracts of Anacardium occidentale, after receiving 10 kGy from 60Co, against multiresistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations-MIC and Minimum Bacteriostatic Concentrations-MBC were respectively assessed by serial microdilution technique in multiwall plates and Petri dishes, against standard strains and clinical isolates of multiresistant S. aureus. The results pointed out a significantly increase of the antibacterial activity of the such extracts after irradiation, emphasizing the role of gamma radiation on leaf extracts of A. occidentale to improve bioactive substances, offering new raw material for antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Henrique Farias Dos Santos
- Grupo de Radioproteção e Radioecologia-GERAR, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco/Departamento de Energia Nuclear, Av. Prof. Luiz Freire, 1000. Cidade Universitária, Recife CEP 50740-540, Brazil
| | - Ademir Amaral
- Grupo de Radioproteção e Radioecologia-GERAR, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco/Departamento de Energia Nuclear, Av. Prof. Luiz Freire, 1000. Cidade Universitária, Recife CEP 50740-540, Brazil
| | - Edvane Borges da Silva
- Grupo de Radioproteção e Radioecologia-GERAR, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco/Departamento de Energia Nuclear, Av. Prof. Luiz Freire, 1000. Cidade Universitária, Recife CEP 50740-540, Brazil; Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Rua do Alto do Reservatório, s/n - Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão CEP 50670-901, PE, Brazil.
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Awakan OJ, Malomo SO, Adejare AA, Igunnu A, Atolani O, Adebayo AH, Owoyele BV. Anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory constituents of leaf extracts of Anacardium occidentale L. in animal models. J Integr Med 2017; 16:62-70. [PMID: 29397096 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anacardium occidentale L. leaf is useful in the treatment of inflammation and asthma, but the bioactive constituents responsible for these activities have not been characterized. Therefore, this study was aimed at identifying the bioactive constituent(s) of A. occidentale ethanolic leaf extract (AOEL) and its solvent-soluble portions, and evaluating their effects on histamine-induced paw edema and bronchoconstriction. METHODS The bronchodilatory effect was determined by measuring the percentage protection provided by plant extracts in the histamine-induced bronchoconstriction model in guinea pigs. The anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts on histamine-induced paw edema in rats was determined by measuring the increase in paw diameter, after which the percent edema inhibition was calculated. The extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify the bioactive constituents. Column chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used respectively to isolate and characterize the constituents. The bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated bioactive constituent were evaluated. RESULTS Histamine induced bronchoconstriction in the guinea pigs and edema in the rat paw. AOEL, hexane-soluble portion of AOEL, ethyl acetate-soluble portion of AOEL, and chloroform-soluble portion of AOEL significantly increased bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory activities (P < 0.05). Oleamide (9-octadecenamide) was identified as the most abundant compound in the extracts and was isolated. Oleamide significantly increased bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory activities by 32.97% and 98.41%, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results indicate that oleamide is one of the bioactive constituents responsible for the bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory activity of A. occidentale leaf, and can therefore be employed in the management of bronchoconstriction and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwakemi Josephine Awakan
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Landmark University, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, Nigeria.
| | - Sylvia Omonirume Malomo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Landmark University, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi Adeyinka Adejare
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adedoyin Igunnu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Olubunmi Atolani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Abiodun Humphrey Adebayo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, PMB 1023, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Bamidele Victor Owoyele
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Rico R, Bulló M, Salas-Salvadó J. Nutritional composition of raw fresh cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L.) kernels from different origin. Food Sci Nutr 2015; 4:329-38. [PMID: 27004123 PMCID: PMC4779481 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The total dietary fiber, sugar, protein, lipid profile, sodium, and energy contents of 11 raw cashew kernel (Anacardium occidentale L.) samples from India, Brazil, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Mozambique, and Vietnam were determined. Total fat was the major component accounting for 48.3% of the total weight, of which 79.7% were unsaturated FA (fatty acids), 20.1% saturated FA, and 0.2% trans FA. Proteins, with 21.3 g/100 g, were ranked second followed by carbohydrates (20.5 g/100 g). The average sodium content was 144 mg/kg. Fourteen FA were identified among which oleic acid was the most abundant with a contribution of 60.7% to the total fat, followed by linoleic (17.77%), palmitic (10.2%), and stearic (8.93%) acids. The mean energy content was 2525 kJ/100g. Furthermore, the sterol profile and content, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals of four raw cashew kernel samples from Brazil, India, Ivory Coast, and Vietnam were determined. β‐Sitosterol with 2380 ± 4 mg/kg fat was the most occurring sterol. Glutamic acid, with 4.60 g/100 g, was the amino acid with highest presence, whereas tryptophan with 0.32 g/100 g was the one with lower presence. Vitamin E with an average contribution of 5.80 mg/100 g was the most abundant vitamin. Potassium with a mean value of 6225 mg/kg was the mineral with highest amount in cashew samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricard Rico
- International Nut and Dried Fruit Council Reus Spain
| | - Mònica Bulló
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology IISPV School of Medicine Rovira i Virgili University CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology IISPV School of Medicine Rovira i Virgili University CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
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