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Oliveira ECSD, Quaglio AEV, Grillo TG, Di Stasi LC, Sassaki LY. MicroRNAs in inflammatory bowel disease: What do we know and what can we expect? World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:2184-2190. [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i16.2184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs composed of 18–24 nucleotides, are potent regulators of gene expression, contributing to the regulation of more than 30% of protein-coding genes. Considering that miRNAs are regulators of inflammatory pathways and the differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells, there is an interest in exploring their importance in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is a chronic and multifactorial disease of the gastrointestinal tract; the main forms are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Several studies have investigated the dysregulated expression of miRNAs in IBD, demonstrating their important roles as regulators and potential biomarkers of this disease. This editorial presents what is known and what is expected regarding miRNAs in IBD. Although the important regulatory roles of miRNAs in IBD are clearly established, biomarkers for IBD that can be applied in clinical practice are lacking, emphasizing the importance of further studies. Discoveries regarding the influence of miRNAs on the inflammatory process and the exploration of their role in gene regulation are expected to provide a basis for the use of miRNAs not only as potent biomarkers in IBD but also as therapeutic targets for the control of inflammatory processes in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thais Gagno Grillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-686, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Claudio Di Stasi
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ligia Yukie Sassaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-686, São Paulo, Brazil
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da Silva GG, Braga LEDO, de Oliveira ECS, de Carvalho JE, Lazarini JG, Rosalen PL, Dionísio AP, Ruiz ALTG. Evaluation of a Standardized Extract Obtained from Cashew Apple ( Anacardium occidentale L.) Bagasse in DSS-Induced Mouse Colitis. Foods 2023; 12:3318. [PMID: 37685250 PMCID: PMC10486448 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Several studies relate eating habits to different aspects of IBD, such as progression and worsening of the clinical condition. Therefore, many natural products (NPs) such as polyphenols and carotenoids have been identified as promising agents in supporting IBD. An interesting source for obtaining bioactive NPs is the by-products of the food industry. The present study evaluated the potential beneficial effect of a standardized extract (CAE) obtained from cashew apple bagasse in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis model in mice. This was the first time that CAE had been evaluated in this experimental model. Chemical evaluation of CAE identified carotenoids (96.28 ± 0.15 mg/100 g), phenolic compounds (37.49 ± 0.64 mg/100 g), and a mixture of anacardic acids (C15:3 = 94.2 ± 0.6 mg/100 g; C15:2 = 108.4 ± 0.1 mg/100 g; C15:1 = 214.8 ± 0.2 mg/100 g). Administration of CAE (500 mg/kg, 4 days, p.o.) after DSS challenge was more effective in delaying disease progression compared with prior treatment (500 mg/kg, 30 days, p.o.), according to the disease activity index. However, no treatment strategy with CAE was able to prevent or inhibit disease progression, since all parameters evaluated (macroscopic, biochemical, and histopathological) in CAE-treated animals were similar to those observed in DSS-challenged animals. Despite the high dose (500 mg/kg), the standardized extract (CAE) did not result in an effective concentration of carotenoids. Furthermore, as some anacardic acids have been reported as histone acetyltransferases inhibitors, there could be a possible antagonistic relationship between carotenoids and anacardic acids. Complementary research will be necessary to test the hypothesis of antagonism. Thus, an optimized extract, with an even higher concentration of carotenoids, obtained from cashew apple bagasse, can be developed as a possible adjuvant food supplement for inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Goulart da Silva
- Piracicaba Dental School, Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil; (G.G.d.S.); (L.E.d.O.B.); (P.L.R.)
| | - Lucia Elaine de Oliveira Braga
- Piracicaba Dental School, Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil; (G.G.d.S.); (L.E.d.O.B.); (P.L.R.)
| | - Ellen Cristina Souza de Oliveira
- Institute of Biology, Cellular and Structural Biology Graduate Program, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-865, SP, Brazil;
| | - João Ernesto de Carvalho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil;
| | - Josy Goldoni Lazarini
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil;
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, Piracicaba 13425-380, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Luiz Rosalen
- Piracicaba Dental School, Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil; (G.G.d.S.); (L.E.d.O.B.); (P.L.R.)
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Alfenas, UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Lucia Tasca Gois Ruiz
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil;
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Oliveira ECSD, Quaglio AEV, Magro DO, Di Stasi LC, Sassaki LY. Intestinal Microbiota and miRNA in IBD: A Narrative Review about Discoveries and Perspectives for the Future. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087176. [PMID: 37108339 PMCID: PMC10138604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) and comprises a chronic gastrointestinal tract disorder characterized by hyperactive and dysregulated immune responses to environmental factors, including gut microbiota and dietary components. An imbalance of the intestinal microbiota may contribute to the development and/or worsening of the inflammatory process. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been associated with various physiological processes, such as cell development and proliferation, apoptosis, and cancer. In addition, they play an important role in inflammatory processes, acting in the regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways. Differences in the profiles of miRNAs may represent a useful tool in the diagnosis of UC and CD and as a prognostic marker in both diseases. The relationship between miRNAs and the intestinal microbiota is not completely elucidated, but recently this topic has gained prominence and has become the target of several studies that demonstrate the role of miRNAs in the modulation of the intestinal microbiota and induction of dysbiosis; the microbiota, in turn, can regulate the expression of miRNAs and, consequently, alter the intestinal homeostasis. Therefore, this review aims to describe the interaction between the intestinal microbiota and miRNAs in IBD, recent discoveries, and perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Cristina Souza de Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Botucatu, Sao Paulo CEP 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa Valencise Quaglio
- Laboratory of Phytomedicines, Pharmacology and Biotechnology (PhytoPharmaTec), Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Botucatu, Sao Paulo CEP 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Daniéla Oliveira Magro
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo CEP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Luiz Claudio Di Stasi
- Laboratory of Phytomedicines, Pharmacology and Biotechnology (PhytoPharmaTec), Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Botucatu, Sao Paulo CEP 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Ligia Yukie Sassaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Botucatu, Sao Paulo CEP 18618-970, Brazil
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de Oliveira ECS, Dalmau LM, de Almeida Costa CAR, de Almeida Junior LD, Ballard CR, Maróstica Junior MR, Stahl MA, Grimaldi R, Witaicenis A, Di Stasi LC. Dietary intervention with avocado (Persea americana Mill.) ameliorates intestinal inflammation induced by TNBS in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:485-498. [PMID: 36586042 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional interventions have been shown to be an interesting approach for the treatment of chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Persea americana Mill. (avocado), is a potential food to be used for the prevention or treatment of intestinal inflammation, due to its nutritional value and pharmacological effects. In this study we evaluated if the dietary intervention with avocado fruit pulp could as an intestinal anti-inflammatory diet using a trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) model of intestinal inflammation in rats. For this purpose, 5, 10 or 20% of avocado fruit pulp was incorporated in the diet of rats, for 21 days before and 7 days after TNBS-induced intestinal inflammation. Dietary intervention with avocado fruit pulp (20%) decreased the extension of colonic lesions (1.38 ± 0.99 vs. 2.67 ± 0.76 cm), weight/length colon ratio (151.03 ± 31.45 vs. 197.39 ± 49.48 cm), inhibited myeloperoxidase activity (891.2 ± 243.2 vs 1603 ± 158.2 U/g), reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (53.94 ± 6.45 vs. 114.9 ± 6.21 pg/mg), interleukin-1β (583.6 ± 106.2 vs. 1259 ± 81.68 pg/mg) and interferon gamma (27.95 ± 2.97 vs. 47.79 ± 3.51 pg/mg) levels and prevented colonic glutathione depletion (2585 ± 77.2 vs 1778 ± 167.2 nmol/g). The consumption of enriched diet with 20% avocado pulp by 28 days did not promote any alterations in the biochemical or behavioral parameters evaluated. Avocado showed intestinal anti-inflammatory activity, modulating immune response, and acting as antioxidant. The dietary intervention with avocado was safe, suggesting its potential as a complementary treatment in intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Cristina Souza de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Phytomedicines, Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, CEP 18618-689, Brazil.
| | - Lesvi Moya Dalmau
- Laboratory of Phytomedicines, Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, CEP 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Celso Acácio Rodrigues de Almeida Costa
- Laboratory of Phytomedicines, Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, CEP 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Luiz Domingues de Almeida Junior
- Laboratory of Phytomedicines, Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, CEP 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Reis Ballard
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Mário Roberto Maróstica Junior
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Marcella Aparecida Stahl
- Fats and Oils Laboratory, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-861, Brazil
| | - Renato Grimaldi
- Fats and Oils Laboratory, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-861, Brazil
| | - Aline Witaicenis
- Laboratory of Phytomedicines, Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, CEP 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Luiz Claudio Di Stasi
- Laboratory of Phytomedicines, Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, CEP 18618-689, Brazil
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Goulart da Silva G, de Oliveira Braga LE, Souza de Oliveira EC, Valério Tinti S, de Carvalho JE, Goldoni Lazarini J, Rosalen PL, Dionísio AP, Tasca Gois Ruiz AL. Cashew apple byproduct: Gastroprotective effects of standardized extract. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 269:113744. [PMID: 33359862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The incidence of gastric mucosa lesions in the adult population has increased mainly due to the continued use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is a tropical tree, cultivated in several countries, whose barks, leaves and pseudofruit (cashew apple) are popularly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases, including gastric ulcer. AIM Our study evaluated the potential gastroprotective effect of the carotenoid and anacardic acids-enriched aqueous extract (CAE), prepared from cashew apple pomace, in the dose-repeated acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)-induced gastric lesions model in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS After randomly distribution into five group (G1 - G5, n = 8 animals/group), male Wistar rats were daily treated with ASA solution (200 mg/kg, 5 ml/kg, G2 - G5) or potable water (Satellite group, G1) during 14 days. From 8th to 14th experimental day, rats in G3 - G5 groups were orally treated with CAE (50, 100 and 500 mg/kg, 5 ml/kg, respectively). Body weight was measured on 0, 7th and 14th day. On the 14th experimental day, all surviving animals were euthanized for macroscopic evaluation of the inner organs and stomach removal. After weighting, each stomach was properly prepared for biochemical analysis [myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), reduced glutathione analysis (GSH), IL-1β, CXCL2/MIP-2, TNF-α and IL-10 levels]. RESULTS At the most efficient dose (100 mg/kg, p.o.), CAE-treated animals showed a slight improvement in the macroscopic aspect of gastric mucosa associated with significant (p < 0.05) reduced levels of IL-1β, CXCL2/MIP-2, and MPO activity besides increased levels of GSH (partially), and IL-10 in stomach tissues. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the carotenoid and anacardic acids-enriched extract obtained from cashew apple pomace is a promising raw material for the development of herbal medicine and/or functional food supplements for the adjuvant treatment of NSAIDs-induced gastric ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Goulart da Silva
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center, University of Campinas, CPQBA/UNICAMP, 13148-218, Paulínia, SP, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, FOP/UNICAMP, 13414-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lucia Elaine de Oliveira Braga
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center, University of Campinas, CPQBA/UNICAMP, 13148-218, Paulínia, SP, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, FOP/UNICAMP, 13414-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ellen Cristina Souza de Oliveira
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center, University of Campinas, CPQBA/UNICAMP, 13148-218, Paulínia, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sirlene Valério Tinti
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center, University of Campinas, CPQBA/UNICAMP, 13148-218, Paulínia, SP, Brazil.
| | - João Ernesto de Carvalho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, FCF/UNICAMP, 13083-871, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Josy Goldoni Lazarini
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, FOP/UNICAMP, 13414-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Luiz Rosalen
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, FOP/UNICAMP, 13414-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Ana Lucia Tasca Gois Ruiz
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, FCF/UNICAMP, 13083-871, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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de Freitas-Blanco VS, Monteiro KM, de Oliveira PR, de Oliveira ECS, de Oliveira Braga LE, de Carvalho JE, Ferreira Rodrigues RA. Spilanthol, the Principal Alkylamide from Acmella oleracea, Attenuates 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis in Mice. Planta Med 2019; 85:203-209. [PMID: 30153691 DOI: 10.1055/a-0715-2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mucositis is one of the commonest side effects in cancer patients undergoing treatment with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, and it currently lacks appropriate and effective treatment. Acmella oleracea, a species of flowering herb from South America, contains spilanthol, an alkylamide that has several pharmacological properties, including anesthetic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of spilanthol in intestinal mucositis in Swiss mice induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an antineoplastic agent administered systemically for the treatment of many different cancers. The repeated administration of 5-FU resulted in intestinal mucositis and consequent decreased food intake, together with weight loss, in all the animals. Daily administration of spilanthol significantly lowered the severity of intestinal mucositis, reducing histopathological changes and increasing the villus height in the animals treated with spilanthol at a dosage of 30 mg/kg (p < 0.0044) compared to a group exposed only to 5-FU. A decrease of myeloperoxidase activity was also observed in the animals treated with 30 mg/kg of spilanthol (p < 0.05), although several pro-inflammatory cytokines were not quantifiable in any group. In conclusion, the data demonstrated that spilanthol effectively reduced inflammation in a mouse model of intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU, and that the compound might be a promising therapeutic candidate for the prevention and treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Santana de Freitas-Blanco
- Pharmacology, Anesthesiology, and Therapeutics, Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
- Chemical, Biological, and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), Division of Chemistry of Natural Products, University of Campinas, Paulinia, SP, Brazil
| | - Karin Maia Monteiro
- Chemical, Biological, and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Campinas, Paulinia, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Rosa de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Ellen Cristina Souza de Oliveira
- Chemical, Biological, and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Campinas, Paulinia, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucia Elaine de Oliveira Braga
- Pharmacology, Anesthesiology, and Therapeutics, Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
- Chemical, Biological, and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Campinas, Paulinia, SP, Brazil
| | - João Ernesto de Carvalho
- Chemical, Biological, and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Campinas, Paulinia, SP, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodney Alexandre Ferreira Rodrigues
- Pharmacology, Anesthesiology, and Therapeutics, Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
- Chemical, Biological, and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), Division of Chemistry of Natural Products, University of Campinas, Paulinia, SP, Brazil
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