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Kumar S, Chandra R, Behera L, Sudhir I, Meena M, Singh S, Keswani C. Microbial consortium mediated acceleration of the defense response in potato against Alternaria solani through prodigious inflation in phenylpropanoid derivatives and redox homeostasis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22148. [PMID: 38045140 PMCID: PMC10692827 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out in a pot experiment to examine the bioefficacy of three biocontrol agents, viz., Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas fluorescens, either alone or in consortium, on plant growth promotion and activation of defense responses in potato against the early blight pathogen Alternaria solani. The results demonstrate significant enhancement in growth parameters in plants bioprimed with the triple-microbe consortium compared to other treatments. In potato, the disease incidence percentage was significantly reduced in plants treated with the triple-microbe consortium compared to untreated control plants challenged with A. solani. Potato tubers treated with the consortium and challenged with pathogen showed significant activation of defense-related enzymes such as peroxidase (PO) at 96 h after pathogen inoculation (hapi) while, both polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) at 72 hapi, compared to the individual and dual microbial consortia-treated plants. The expression of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins such as chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase were observed to be highest at 72 hapi in the triple microbe consortium as compared to other treatments. HPLC analysis revealed significant induction in polyphenolic compounds in triple-consortium bioprimed plants compared to the control at 72 hapi. Histochemical analysis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) clearly showed maximum accumulation of H2O2 in pathogen-inoculated control plants, while the lowest was observed in triple-microbe consortium at 72 hapi. The findings of this study suggest that biopriming with a microbial consortium improved plant growth and triggered defense responses against A. solani through the induction of systemic resistance via modulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway and antioxidative network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
- Department of Plant Pathology, B.M. College of Agriculture, Khandwa, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Ram Chandra
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Lopamudra Behera
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ichini Sudhir
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Mukesh Meena
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, University Collage of Science, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Shailendra Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, 243123, India
| | - Chetan Keswani
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
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Hao G, Rhoades NA, McCormick S. Chitin and laminarin additively trigger wheat reactive oxygen species but not resistance to Fusarium head blight. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e538. [PMID: 37854878 PMCID: PMC10580251 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to fungal infections by activating defense genes including producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). The fungus Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight (FHB), a serious disease of wheat and barley. FHB results in crop yield loss and contaminates grain with mycotoxins. In a prior study, we discovered that chitin induces tissue-specific ROS burst in wheat. However, it is unknown whether other fungal cell wall components could induce defense response in wheat. Therefore, we evaluated ROS and defense gene responses in different wheat tissues that had been treated with chitin, laminarin, or both. Different ROS patterns were induced in wheat treated with laminarin or chitin. Furthermore, we found that ROS were enhanced in wheat tissues treated with both chitin and laminarin. This study provides novel information for enhancing plat immunity to increase plant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixia Hao
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research UnitUSDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization ResearchPeoriaIllinoisUSA
| | - Nicholas A. Rhoades
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research UnitUSDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization ResearchPeoriaIllinoisUSA
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research UnitOak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization ResearchPeoriaIllinoisUSA
| | - Susan McCormick
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research UnitUSDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization ResearchPeoriaIllinoisUSA
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Taibi O, Salotti I, Rossi V. Plant Resistance Inducers Affect Multiple Epidemiological Components of Plasmopara viticola on Grapevine Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2938. [PMID: 37631150 PMCID: PMC10459891 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant resistance inducers (PRIs) harbor promising potential for use in downy mildew (DM) control in viticulture. Here, the effects of six commercial PRIs on some epidemiological components of Plasmopara viticola (Pv) on grapevine leaves were studied over 3 years. Disease severity, mycelial colonization of leaf tissue, sporulation severity, production of sporangia on affected leaves, and per unit of DM lesion were evaluated by inoculating the leaves of PRI-treated plants at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 19 days after treatment (DAT). Laminarin, potassium phosphonate (PHO), and fosetyl-aluminium (FOS) were the most effective in reducing disease severity as well as the Pv DNA concentration of DM lesions on leaves treated and inoculated at 1 and 3 DAT; PHO and FOS also showed long-lasting effects on leaves established after treatment (inoculations at 6 to 19 DAT). PRIs also prevented the sporulation of Pv on lesions; all the PRI-treated leaves produced fewer sporangia than the nontreated control, especially in PHO-, FOS-, and cerevisane-treated leaves (>75% reduction). These results illustrate the broader and longer effect of PRIs on DM epidemics. The findings open up new perspectives for using PRIs in a defense program based on single, timely, and preventative field interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vittorio Rossi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (O.T.); (I.S.)
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New plant immunity elicitors from a sugar beet byproduct protect wheat against Zymoseptoria tritici. Sci Rep 2023; 13:90. [PMID: 36596821 PMCID: PMC9810720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26800-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The current worldwide context promoting agroecology and green agriculture require the discovery of new ecofriendly and sustainable plant protection tools. Plant resistance inducers, called also elicitors, are one of the most promising alternatives fitting with such requirements. We produced here a set of 30 molecules from pyroglutamic acid, bio-sourced from sugar beet byproducts, and examined for their biological activity on the major agro-economically pathosystem wheat-Zymoseptoria tritici. Foliar application of the molecules provided significant protection rates (up to 63% disease severity reduction) for 16 among them. Structure-activity relationship analysis highlighted the importance of all chemical groups of the pharmacophore in the bioactivity of the molecules. Further investigations using in vitro and in planta antifungal bioassays as well as plant molecular biomarkers revealed that the activity of the molecules did not rely on direct biocide activity towards the pathogen, but rather on the activation of plant defense mechanisms dependent on lipoxygenase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, peroxidase, and pathogenesis-related protein pathways. This study reports a new family of bio-sourced resistance inducers and provides new insights into the valorization of agro-resources to develop the sustainable agriculture of tomorrow.
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Afzal S, Yadav AK, Poonia AK, Choure K, Yadav AN, Pandey A. Antimicrobial therapeutics isolated from algal source: retrospect and prospect. Biologia (Bratisl) 2023; 78:291-305. [PMID: 36159744 PMCID: PMC9486765 DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, attention on new natural antimicrobial compounds has arisen due to a change in consumer preferences and the increase in the number of resistant microorganisms. Algae are defined as photosynthetic organisms that demonstrate a wide range of adaptability to adverse environmental conditions like temperature extremes, photo-oxidation, high or low salinity, and osmotic stress. Algae are primarily known to produce large amounts of secondary metabolite against various kinds of pathogenic microbes. Among these algae, micro and microalgae of river, lake, and algae of oceanic origin have been reported to have antimicrobial activity against the bacteria and fungi of pathogenic nature. Various polar and non- polar extracts of micro- and macro algae have been used for the suppression of these pathogenic fungi. Apart from these, certain algal derivatives have also been isolated from these having antibacterial and antifungal potential. Among the bioactive molecules of algae, polysaccharides, sulphated polysaccharides, phyco-cyanobilins polyphenols, lectins, proteins lutein, vitamin E, B12 and K1, peptides, polyunsaturated fatty acids and pigments can be highlighted. In the present review, we will discuss the biological activity of these derived compounds as antifungal/ antibacterial agents and their most promising applications. A brief outline is also given for the prospects of these isolated phytochemicals and using algae as therapeutic in the dietary form. We have also tried to answer whether alga-derived metabolites can serve as potential therapeutics for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 like viral infections too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadma Afzal
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru national Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP India
| | - Alok Kumar Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru national Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP India
| | - Anuj Kumar Poonia
- University Institute of Biotechnology , Chandigarh University, Chandigarh, Punjab India
| | - Kamlesh Choure
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, AKS University, Satna, MP India
| | - Ajar Nath Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Eternal University, Baru Sahib Sirmour, HP India
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, AKS University, Satna, MP India
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