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Fedele G, Armengol J, Caffi T, Languasco L, Latinovic N, Latinovic J, León M, Marchi G, Mugnai L, Rossi V. Diaporthe foeniculina and D. eres, in addition to D. ampelina, may cause Phomopsis cane and leaf spot disease in grapevine. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1446663. [PMID: 39286838 PMCID: PMC11402675 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1446663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Phomopsis cane and leaf spot (PCLS) disease, affecting grapevines (Vitis vinifera and Vitis spp.), has been historically associated with Diaporthe ampelina. Typical disease symptoms, comprising bleaching and black pycnidia, have also been associated with other Diaporthe spp. In this study, we conducted a molecular identification of the Diaporthe isolates isolated from grapevine canes from different geographic areas of southern Europe showing PCLS symptoms. Then, we investigated their morphological characteristics (including mycelium growth and production of pycnidia and alpha and beta conidia) in response to temperature. Finally, we artificially inoculated grapevine shoots and leaves with a subset of these isolates. Based on our results, PCLS etiology should be reconsidered. Though D. ampelina was the most crucial causal agent of PCLS, D. eres and D. foeniculina were also pathogenic when inoculated on green shoots and leaves of grapevines. However, D. rudis was not pathogenic. Compared to D. ampelina, D. eres and D. foeniculina produced both pycnidia and alpha conidia at lower temperatures. Thus, the range of environmental conditions favorable for PCLS development needs to be widened. Our findings warrant further validation by future studies aimed at ascertaining whether the differences in temperature requirements among species are also valid for conidia-mediated infection since it could have substantial practical implications in PCLS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Fedele
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VE.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Josep Armengol
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tito Caffi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VE.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luca Languasco
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VE.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | | | - Jelena Latinovic
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Maela León
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guido Marchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali (DAGRI), Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Mugnai
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali (DAGRI), Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Vittorio Rossi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VE.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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Elfar K, Bustamante MI, Arreguin M, Nouri MT, Eskalen A. Identification and Pathogenicity of Fungal Species Associated with Branch Canker and Shoot Blight on Persimmons ( Diospyros kaki) in California. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:1470-1475. [PMID: 38240713 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-23-2629-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Persimmon is a relatively new crop to California agriculture. Asian persimmons (Diospyros kaki) are the dominant species commercially cultivated in the United States, primarily grown in California, covering approximately 1,153 ha of bearing trees. In the growing seasons of 2020 and 2021, unusual shoot blight and branch cankers were observed in several persimmon orchards in San Joaquin and Solano counties in California. The most prevalent symptoms were well-defined black discoloration in the cambium and streaking in the vascular tissues of green shoots. On woody branches and old pruning wounds, symptoms manifested as black wedge-shaped cankers. Isolations from affected tissues revealed the occurrence of Diaporthe species, including D. chamaeropis, D. foeniculina, and an undescribed Diaporthe sp. as the most frequent isolated pathogens, followed by Eutypella citricola and Phaeoacremonium iranianum. The isolates were identified through multilocus phylogenetic analyses using nucleotide sequences of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-alpha genes. To fulfill Koch's postulates, mycelium plugs of the various fungal species identified were inserted in 2-year-old branches of mature persimmon trees after making wounds using a corkborer in field conditions. Results showed that Diaporthe spp., E. citricola, and P. iranianum are the main causal agents of branch canker and shoot dieback of persimmon trees in California, with Diaporthe spp. being the most frequently isolated pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Elfar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | | | - Molly Arreguin
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Mohamed T Nouri
- University of California Cooperative Extension San Joaquin County, Stockton, CA 95206
| | - Akif Eskalen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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Brandenburg EM, Voegele RT, Fischer M, Behrens FH. Arthropods as Vectors of Grapevine Trunk Disease Pathogens: Quantification of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora on Arthropods and Mycobiome Analysis of Earwig Exoskeletons. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:237. [PMID: 38667908 PMCID: PMC11051531 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Viticulture worldwide is challenged by grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs). Involvement of arthropods in the dissemination process of GTD pathogens, notably esca pathogens, is indicated after detection of associated pathogens on arthropod exoskeletons, and demonstration of transmission under artificial conditions. The present study is the first to quantify spore loads via qPCR of the esca-relevant pathogen Phaeomoniella chlamydospora on arthropods collected in German vineyards, i.e., European earwigs (Forficula auricularia), ants (Formicidae), and two species of jumping spiders (Marpissa muscosa and Synageles venator). Quantification of spore loads showed acquisition on exoskeletons, but most arthropods carried only low amounts. The mycobiome on earwig exoskeletons was described for the first time to reveal involvement of earwigs in the dispersal of GTDs in general. Metabarcoding data support the potential risk of earwigs as vectors for predominantly Pa. chlamydospora and possibly Eutypa lata (causative agent of Eutypa dieback), as respective operational taxonomical unit (OTU) assigned genera had relative abundances of 6.6% and 2.8% in total reads, even though with great variation between samples. Seven further GTD-related genera were present at a very low level. As various factors influence the successful transmission of GTD pathogens, we hypothesize that arthropods might irregularly act as direct vectors. Our results highlight the importance of minimizing and protecting pruning wounds in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Maria Brandenburg
- Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany; (M.F.); (F.H.B.)
- Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Phytomedicine, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Ralf Thomas Voegele
- Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Phytomedicine, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Michael Fischer
- Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany; (M.F.); (F.H.B.)
| | - Falk Hubertus Behrens
- Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany; (M.F.); (F.H.B.)
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Krupalini V, Janardhana GR. Diaporthe phaseolorum causing dieback disease on Melia dubia cav. in Karnataka state (India). Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:92. [PMID: 38319486 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03821-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Melia dubia is an important tree species grown worldwide for its medicinal and timber values. It is widely used in timber and pulp industry and also as an organic pesticide, fertilisers, agro-forestry and herbal formulations. During 2019-2022, a dieback disease in plantations of M. dubia was recorded in Mysore, Mandya, Chamarajanagar, Hassan and Tumkur districts of Karnataka state (India) with disease incidence of 26.25%. The associated pathogen was isolated on PDA medium and its morpho-cultural characteristics were studied. The genomic DNA of the pathogen was isolated, and rDNA was amplified and sequenced using universal primers. Based on the microscopic, morpho-cultural, sequence data and phylogenetic analysis, the pathogen was identified as Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc. Koch's postulates were performed both in vitro and in vivo and the typical symptoms of dieback disease were recorded on post-inoculated saplings. The dieback disease is responsible for the poor growth of Melia species in the region, and hence, there is an urgent need to manage the disease in plantations using integrated management practices. This is the first report of the occurrence of D. phaseolorum on M. dubia plantations in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Krupalini
- Molecular Phytodiagnostic Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, India, 570 006
| | - G R Janardhana
- Molecular Phytodiagnostic Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, India, 570 006.
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Muntean MD, Drăgulinescu AM, Tomoiagă LL, Comșa M, Răcoare HS, Sîrbu AD, Chedea VS. Fungal Grapevine Trunk Diseases in Romanian Vineyards in the Context of the International Situation. Pathogens 2022; 11:1006. [PMID: 36145437 PMCID: PMC9503734 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11091006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitis vinifera, known as the common grape vine, represents one of the most important fruit crops in the world. Romania is a wine-producing country with a rich and long tradition in viticulture. In the last decade, increasing reports of damage caused by grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) have raised concerns in all wine producing countries. Up to now, no study was performed regarding the GTDs situation in Romania, an important grapevine grower in Europe. In this study, we aim, after a comprehensive presentation of the fungal GTDs worldwide, to review the scientific information related to these diseases in Romania in order to open a national platform in an international framework. In order to achieve this, we consulted over 500 references from different scientific databases and cited 309 of them. Our review concludes that, in Romania, there is little amount of available literature on this matter. Three out of six fungal GTDs are reported and well documented in all of the Romanian viticultural zones (except for viticultural zone 4). These are Eutypa dieback, Phomopsis dieback, and Esca disease. Of the fungal pathogens considered responsible Eutypa lata, Phomopsis viticola and Stereum hirsutum are the most studied and well documented in Romania. Management measures are quite limited, and they mostly include preventive measures to stop the GTDs spread and the removal of affected grapevines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Doinița Muntean
- Research Station for Viticulture and Enology Blaj (SCDVV Blaj), 515400 Blaj, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Drăgulinescu
- Electronics, Telecommunication and Information Technology Faculty, University Politehnica of Bucharest (UPB), 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Maria Comșa
- Research Station for Viticulture and Enology Blaj (SCDVV Blaj), 515400 Blaj, Romania
| | - Horia-Silviu Răcoare
- Research Station for Viticulture and Enology Blaj (SCDVV Blaj), 515400 Blaj, Romania
| | - Alexandra Doina Sîrbu
- Research Station for Viticulture and Enology Blaj (SCDVV Blaj), 515400 Blaj, Romania
| | - Veronica Sanda Chedea
- Research Station for Viticulture and Enology Blaj (SCDVV Blaj), 515400 Blaj, Romania
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Azevedo-Nogueira F, Rego C, Gonçalves HMR, Fortes AM, Gramaje D, Martins-Lopes P. The road to molecular identification and detection of fungal grapevine trunk diseases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:960289. [PMID: 36092443 PMCID: PMC9459133 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.960289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine is regarded as a highly profitable culture, being well spread worldwide and mostly directed to the wine-producing industry. Practices to maintain the vineyard in healthy conditions are tenuous and are exacerbated due to abiotic and biotic stresses, where fungal grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) play a major role. The abolishment of chemical treatments and the intensification of several management practices led to an uprise in GTD outbreaks. Symptomatology of GTDs is very similar among diseases, leading to underdevelopment of the vines and death in extreme scenarios. Disease progression is widely affected by biotic and abiotic factors, and the prevalence of the pathogens varies with country and region. In this review, the state-of-the-art regarding identification and detection of GTDs is vastly analyzed. Methods and protocols used for the identification of GTDs, which are currently rather limited, are highlighted. The main conclusion is the utter need for the development of new technologies to easily and precisely detect the presence of the pathogens related to GTDs, allowing to readily take phytosanitary measures and/or proceed to plant removal in order to establish better vineyard management practices. Moreover, new practices and methods of detection, identification, and quantification of infectious material would allow imposing greater control on nurseries and plant exportation, limiting the movement of infected vines and thus avoiding the propagation of fungal inoculum throughout wine regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Azevedo-Nogueira
- DNA & RNA Sensing Lab, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- BioISI - Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cecília Rego
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food-Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Margarida Fortes
- BioISI - Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David Gramaje
- Institute of Grapevine and Wine Sciences (ICVV), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of La Rioja and Government of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Paula Martins-Lopes
- DNA & RNA Sensing Lab, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- BioISI - Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Crandall SG, Spychalla J, Crouch UT, Acevedo FE, Naegele RP, Miles TD. Rotting Grapes Don't Improve with Age: Cluster Rot Disease Complexes, Management, and Future Prospects. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:2013-2025. [PMID: 35108071 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-21-0695-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cluster rots can be devastating to grape production around the world. There are several late-season rots that can affect grape berries, including Botrytis bunch rot, sour rot, black rot, Phomopsis fruit rot, bitter rot, and ripe rot. Tight-clustered varieties such as 'Pinot gris', 'Pinot noir', and 'Vignoles' are particularly susceptible to cluster rots. Symptoms or signs for these rots range from discolored berries or gray-brown sporulation in Botrytis bunch rot to sour rot, which smells distinctly of vinegar due to the presence of acetic acid bacteria. This review discusses the common symptoms and disease cycles of these different cluster rots. It also includes useful updates on disease diagnostics and management practices, including cultural practices in commercial vineyards and future prospects for disease management. By understanding what drives the development of different cluster rots, researchers will be able to identify new avenues for research to control these critical pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifa G Crandall
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Jamie Spychalla
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Uma T Crouch
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Flor E Acevedo
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Entomology, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Rachel P Naegele
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Station, Parlier, CA 93648
| | - Timothy D Miles
- Michigan State University, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, East Lansing, MI 48824
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Carbone MJ, Gelabert M, Moreira V, Mondino P, Alaniz S. Grapevine nursery propagation material as source of fungal trunk disease pathogens in Uruguay. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2022; 3:958466. [PMID: 37746215 PMCID: PMC10512308 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.958466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine fungal trunk diseases (GTDs) have become a serious problem for grapevines worldwide. Nursery vines infected during the propagation process are considered one of the main ways of dissemination of GTD pathogens. In this study, we examined the status of GTDs in grapevine planting material, from rootstocks and scion mother cuttings to grafted rooted vines ready to plant, according to the local nursery propagation process. During 2018-2019, internal symptoms of GTDs were examined in 2400 propagation materials and fungal isolations were carried out from a subsample of 1026 selected materials. Our results revealed that nursery grapevine plants produced in Uruguay have a high incidence of GTDs, regardless of the scion/rootstock combination. Typical brown to black streaks and sectorial wood necrosis were observed in materials on all propagation stages, with a markedly increasing incidence throughout the nursery process, reaching almost 100% in grafted rooted vines ready to plant. Botryosphaeria dieback, Petri disease and black-foot disease were the main GTDs found. The results showed that Botryosphaeria dieback and Petri disease pathogens infect materials from the early stages of the process, with a marked increase towards the end of the plant production process, whereas black-foot disease pathogens were found exclusively in vines ready to plant. Diaporthe dieback pathogens were also detected in materials in all stages but in a low proportion (less than 10% of infected material). Based on single locus analysis, the 180 isolates selected were placed into eight genera and 89% identified within 22 fungal species associated with GTDs, with Phaeoacremonium oleae and Diaporthe terebinthifolii as new records on grapevine worldwide. Our results have concluded that locally produced vines are one of the main ways of dissemination of GTD pathogens and showed that a nursery sanitation programme is required to reduce the incidence of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Julia Carbone
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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DeKrey DH, Klodd AE, Clark MD, Blanchette RA. Grapevine trunk diseases of cold-hardy varieties grown in Northern Midwest vineyards coincide with canker fungi and winter injury. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269555. [PMID: 35657987 PMCID: PMC9165834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases make up a disease complex associated with several vascular fungal pathogenic species. Surveys to characterize the composition of grapevine trunk diseases have been conducted for most major grape growing regions of the world. This study presents a similar survey characterizing the fungi associated with grapevine trunk diseases of cold-hardy interspecific hybrid grape varieties grown nearly exclusively in the atypical harsh winter climate of Northern Midwestern United states vineyards. From the 172 samples collected in 2019, 640 isolates obtained by culturing were identified by ITS sequencing and represent 420 sample-unique taxa. From the 420 representative taxa, opportunistic fungi of the order Diaporthales including species of Cytospora and Diaporthe were most frequently identified. Species of Phaeoacremonium, Paraconiothyrium, and Cadophora were also prevalent. In other milder Mediterranean growing climates, species of Xylariales and Botryosphaeriales are often frequently isolated but in this study they were isolated in small numbers. No Phaeomoniellales taxa were isolated. We discuss the possible compounding effects of winter injury, the pathogens isolated, and management strategies. Additionally, difficulties in researching and understanding the grapevine trunk disease complex are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. DeKrey
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Annie E. Klodd
- University of Minnesota Extension, Farmington, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Matthew D. Clark
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Blanchette
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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Gonzalez-Dominguez E, Caffi T, Paolini A, Mugnai L, Latinović N, Latinović J, Languasco L, Rossi V. Development and Validation of a Mechanistic Model That Predicts Infection by Diaporthe ampelina, the Causal Agent of Phomopsis Cane and Leaf Spot of Grapevines. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:872333. [PMID: 35463401 PMCID: PMC9021785 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.872333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Phomopsis cane and leaf spot (PCLS), known in Europe as "excoriose," is an important fungal disease of grapevines caused by Diaporthe spp., and most often by Diaporthe ampelina (synonym Phomopsis viticola). PCLS is re-emerging worldwide, likely due to climate change, changes in the management of downy mildew from calendar- to risk-based criteria that eliminate early-season (unnecessary) sprays, and the progressive reduction in the application of broad-spectrum fungicides. In this study, a mechanistic model for D. ampelina infection was developed based on published information. The model accounts for the following processes: (i) overwintering and maturation of pycnidia on affected canes; (ii) dispersal of alpha conidia to shoots and leaves; (iii) infection; and (iv) onset of disease symptoms. The model uses weather and host phenology to predict infection periods and disease progress during the season. Model output was validated against 11 independent PCLS epidemics that occurred in Italy (4 vineyards in 2019 and 2020) and Montenegro (3 vineyards in 2020). The model accurately predicted PCLS disease progress, with a concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) = 0.925 between observed and predicted data. A ROC analysis (AUROC>0.7) confirmed the ability of the model to predict the infection periods leading to an increase in PCLS severity in the field, indicating that growers could use the model to perform risk-based fungicide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tito Caffi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Aurora Paolini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), Plant Pathology and Entomology Section, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Laura Mugnai
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), Plant Pathology and Entomology Section, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Jelena Latinović
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Luca Languasco
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Vittorio Rossi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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Makris G, Solonos S, Christodoulou M, Kanetis LI. First Report of Diaporthe foeniculina Associated with Grapevine Trunk Diseases on Vitis vinifera in Cyprus. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:1294. [PMID: 34645312 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-21-0503-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Makris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Solonas Solonos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Marios Christodoulou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Loukas I Kanetis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
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12
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Špetík M, Balík J, Híc P, Hakalová E, Štůsková K, Frejlichová L, Tříska J, Eichmeier A. Lignans Extract from Knotwood of Norway Spruce—A Possible New Weapon against GTDs. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040357. [PMID: 35448588 PMCID: PMC9025846 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) pose a major threat to the wine industry worldwide. Currently, efficient biological methods or chemical compounds are not available for the treatment of infected grapevines. In the present study, we used an extract from the knotwood of spruce trees as a biological control against GTDs. Our in vitro trial was focused on the antifungal effects of the extract against the most common GTD pathogens—Cadophora luteo-olivacea, Dactylonectria torresensis, Diaporthe ampelina, Diaporthe bohemiae, Diplodia seriata, Eutypa lata, and Phaeoacremonium minimum. Our in vitro trial revealed a high antifungal effect of the extract against all tested fungi. The inhibition rates varied among the different species from 30% to 100% using 1 mg·mL−1 extract. Subsequently, the efficiency of the extract was supported by an in planta experiment. Commercial grafts of Vitis vinifera were treated with the extract and planted. The total genomic DNA of grapevines was extracted 10 days and 180 days after the treatment. The fungal microbial diversities of the treated/untreated plants were compared using high-throughput amplicon sequencing (HTAS). Treated plants showed 76.9% lower relative abundance of the genus Diaporthe and 70% lower relative abundance of the genus Phaeoacremonium 10 days after treatment. A similar scenario was observed for the genus Cadophora 180 days after treatment, where treated plants showed 76% lower relative abundance of this genus compared with untreated grapevines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Špetík
- Mendeleum-Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 334, 691 44 Lednice na Moravě, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Balík
- Department of Post-Harvest Technology of Horticultural Products, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 334, 691 44 Lednice na Moravě, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Híc
- Department of Post-Harvest Technology of Horticultural Products, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 334, 691 44 Lednice na Moravě, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Hakalová
- Mendeleum-Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 334, 691 44 Lednice na Moravě, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Štůsková
- Mendeleum-Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 334, 691 44 Lednice na Moravě, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Frejlichová
- Mendeleum-Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 334, 691 44 Lednice na Moravě, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tříska
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Eichmeier
- Mendeleum-Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 334, 691 44 Lednice na Moravě, Czech Republic
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Moghadam JN, Khaledi E, Abdollahzadeh J, Amini J. Seimatosporium marivanicum, Sporocadus kurdistanicus, and Xenoseimatosporium kurdistanicum: three new pestalotioid species associated with grapevine trunk diseases from the Kurdistan Province, Iran. Mycol Prog 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-021-01764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Minimal versus Intensive: How the Pruning Intensity Affects Occurrence of Grapevine Leaf Stripe Disease, Wood Integrity, and the Mycobiome in Grapevine Trunks. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030247. [PMID: 35330249 PMCID: PMC8948712 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous works on grapevine-trunk diseases indicate that minimal or non-pruning of the grapevine under certain circumstances can significantly reduce the risk of symptom expression. Nevertheless, knowledge of the mechanisms behind these observations are limited. Therefore, it was the aim of this study to investigate in more detail the effect of pruning intensity on the grapevine trunk by means of trunk integrity and the fungal community in the wood tissue. Two German vineyards partially trained in vertical-shoot position and semi-minimally pruned hedges were chosen for this survey due to the accessibility of multi-annual esca-monitoring data. The results revealed that only in one of the two vineyards was the incidence of external esca symptoms significantly reduced over a period of five years (2017–2021) by minimal pruning, which was up to 73.7% compared to intensive pruning. In both vineyards, the trunks of intensively pruned vines not only had more pruning wounds on the trunk (by 86.0% and 72.9%, respectively) than minimally pruned vines, but also exhibited a larger (by 19.3% and 14.7%, respectively) circumference of the trunk head. In addition, the percentage of white rot and necrosis in the trunks of esca-positive and esca-negative vines was analyzed and compared between the two pruning intensities; hereby, significant differences were only found for esca-negative ‘Dornfelder’ vines, in which the proportion of necrosis was higher for intensively pruned vines (23.0%) than for minimally pruned vines (11.5%). The fungal communities of the differently pruned vine trunks were mainly dominated by four genera, which are also associated with GTDs: Diplodia, Eutypa, Fomitiporia and Phaeomoniella. All in all, the fungal diversity and community composition did not differ between minimally and intensively pruned, esca-positive vines.
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15
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Variation in Fungal Community in Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera) Nursery Stock Depends on Nursery, Variety and Rootstock. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8010047. [PMID: 35049987 PMCID: PMC8778211 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are caused by cryptic complexes of fungal pathogens and have become a growing problem for new grapevine (Vitis vinifera) plantations. We studied the role of the nursery, variety, and rootstock in the composition of the fungal communities in root collars and graft unions of planting material in Catalonia (NE Spain). We compared necrosis and fungal communities in graft unions and root collars at harvest, and then after three months of cold storage. We evaluated combinations of eleven red and five white varieties with four common rootstocks coming from six nurseries. Fungal communities were characterized by isolation and metabarcoding of the ITS2 region. Our data suggests that nursery followed by rootstock and variety had significant effects on necrosis and fungal community structure in graft and root tissues. Within the plant, we found large differences in terms fungal community distribution between graft and root tissues. Graft unions housed a significantly higher relative abundance of GTD-related Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) than root collars. More severe necrosis was correlated with a lower relative abundance of GTD-related OTUs based on isolation and metabarcoding analyses. Our results suggest that nurseries and therefore their plant production practices play a major role in determining the fungal and GTD-related fungal community in grapevine plants sold for planting. GTD variation across rootstocks and varieties could be explored as a venue for minimizing pathogen load in young plantations.
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Oberemok V, Laikova K, Golovkin I, Kryukov L, Kamenetsky-Goldstein R. Biotechnology of virus eradication and plant vaccination in phytobiome context. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:3-8. [PMID: 34569131 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A plant's associated biota plays an integral role in its metabolism, nutrient uptake, stress tolerance, pathogen resistance and other physiological processes. Although a virome is an integral part of the phytobiome, a major contradiction exists between the holobiont approach and the practical need to eradicate pathogens from agricultural crops. In this review, we discuss grapevine virus control, but the issue is also relevant for numerous other crops, including potato, cassava, citrus, cacao and other species. Grapevine diseases, especially viral infections, cause main crop losses. Methods have been developed to eliminate viruses and other microorganisms from plant material, but elimination of viruses from plant material does not guarantee protection from future reinfection. Elimination of viral particles in plant material could create genetic drift, leading in turn to an increase in the occurrence of pathogenic strains of viruses. A possible solution may be a combination of virus elimination and plant propagation in tissue culture with in vitro vaccination. In this context, possible strategies to control viral infections include application of plant resistance inducers, cross protection and vaccination using siRNA, dsRNA and viral replicons during plant 'cleaning' and in vitro propagation. The experience and knowledge accumulated in human immunization can help plant scientists to develop and employ new methods of protection, leading to more sustainable and healthier crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Oberemok
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
- Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Centre Russian Academy of Sciences, Yalta, Russia
| | - K Laikova
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
- Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Simferopol, Russia
| | - I Golovkin
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
| | - L Kryukov
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia
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Aigoun-Mouhous W, Mahamedi AE, León M, Chaouia C, Zitouni A, Barankova K, Eichmeier A, Armengol J, Gramaje D, Berraf-Tebbal A. Cadophora sabaouae sp. nov. and Phaeoacremonium Species Associated with Petri Disease on Grapevine Propagation Material and Young Grapevines in Algeria. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:3657-3668. [PMID: 34096766 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-20-2380-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A field survey conducted on asymptomatic grapevine propagation material from nurseries and symptomatic young grapevines throughout different regions of Algeria yielded a collection of 70 Phaeoacremonium-like isolates and three Cadophora-like isolates. Based on morphology and DNA sequence data of β-tubulin (tub2) and actin, five Phaeoacremonium species were identified including Phaeoacremonium minimum (22 isolates), Phaeoacremonium venezuelense (19 isolates), Phaeoacremonium parasiticum (17 isolates), Phaeoacremonium australiense (8 isolates), and Phaeoacremonium iranianum (4 isolates). The latter two species (P. australiense and P. iranianum) were reported for the first time in Algeria. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses (internal transcribed spacer, tub2, and translation elongation factor 1-α) and morphological features, allowed the description of the three isolates belonging to the genus Cadophora (WAMC34, WAMC117, and WAMC118) as a novel species, named Cadophora sabaouae sp. nov. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on grapevine cuttings cultivar Cardinal. All the identified species were pathogenic on grapevine cuttings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassila Aigoun-Mouhous
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Productions Végétales, Faculté des Sciences Naturelles et de la Vie, Département Biotechnologie, Université de Blida 1, 09000 Blida, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Systèmes Microbiens, Département des Sciences Naturelles, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, Alger BP 92, Vieux-Kouba, 1600 Alger, Algeria
| | - Alla Eddine Mahamedi
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Systèmes Microbiens, Département des Sciences Naturelles, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, Alger BP 92, Vieux-Kouba, 1600 Alger, Algeria
| | - Maela León
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cherifa Chaouia
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Productions Végétales, Faculté des Sciences Naturelles et de la Vie, Département Biotechnologie, Université de Blida 1, 09000 Blida, Algeria
| | - Abdelghani Zitouni
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Systèmes Microbiens, Département des Sciences Naturelles, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, Alger BP 92, Vieux-Kouba, 1600 Alger, Algeria
| | - Katerina Barankova
- Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendeleum-Institute of Genetics, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Eichmeier
- Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendeleum-Institute of Genetics, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Josep Armengol
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - David Gramaje
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de la Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - Akila Berraf-Tebbal
- Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendeleum-Institute of Genetics, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic
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18
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González-Domínguez E, Caffi T, Languasco L, Latinovic N, Latinovic J, Rossi V. Dynamics of Diaporthe ampelina Conidia Released from Grape Canes that Overwintered in the Vineyard. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:3092-3100. [PMID: 33755509 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-20-2639-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phomopsis cane and leaf spot (PCLS) is an important disease of grapevines that is mainly caused by Diaporthe ampelina. Dispersal dynamics of D. ampelina spores were investigated in two vineyards, one in northern Italy and one in Montenegro, by using spore samplers that collected α- and β-conidia from rain water running off from PCLS-affected canes. The canes were collected from each vineyard, deployed, and overwintered in the corresponding vineyards. In each of three years (2016, 2017, and 2018), conidial dispersal was investigated during one (Montenegro) or two (Italy) growing seasons following the deployment of the PCLS-affected canes. In the first growing season following cane deployment in both vineyards, α-conidia were mostly found in runoff water after grapevine bud break, especially in April and May, and β-conidia were regularly found in numbers comparable to those of α-conidia, most frequently from June to September. In Italy, high numbers of α- and β-conidia were also collected during the second growing season following cane deployment. The dispersal dynamics of α-conidia over time were described by a Gompertz equation using hydrothermal time (i.e., the accumulated effect of temperature on the maturation rate of pycnidia on days in which the number of hours of wetness was ≥6 or 9 h), with R2 and concordance correlation coefficient >0.9. Rain (≥0.2 mm) was a good predictor of conidial dispersal, with an overall accuracy of 0.97. These results increase our understanding of D. ampelina spore dispersal and should be integrated into warning systems for PCLS management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tito Caffi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luca Languasco
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Nedeljko Latinovic
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Jelena Latinovic
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Vittorio Rossi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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Biscogniauxia rosacearum the charcoal canker agent as a pathogen associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Zagros region of Iran. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14098. [PMID: 34239007 PMCID: PMC8266873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93630-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are well-known and significant fungal diseases of Vitis vinifera with a worldwide distribution. During August to November 2016 in a survey to characterize fungi associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Kermanshah Province (west of Iran) vineyards, 286 fungal isolates were obtained. Based on morphology and DNA sequences data eight species were identified, of which Biscogniauxia rosacearum, Neoscytalidium hyalinum and Phaeoacremonium minimum were the most aggressive fungal pathogenic species characterized in this research. N. hyalinum was the most prevalent species. N. hyalinum and Ph. minimum have previously been reported from Vitis vinifera. Thus far, there are two records of Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Biscogniauxia capnodes on grapevine in the world with no data on pathology aspects. To our knowledge, it is the first time B. rosacearum is reported from grapevine across the globe. Pathogenicity test with three strains of B. rosacearum on 2-year-old potted grapevines confirmed the pathogenicity of B. rosacearum on grapevine. The proximity of vineyards to the oak trees in Zagros forests as one of the plant hosts of Biscogniauxia spp. further highlights the need for extensive studies on B. rosacearum as a new fungal pathogen.
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Chacón-Vozmediano JL, Gramaje D, León M, Armengol J, Moral J, Izquierdo-Cañas PM, Martínez-Gascueña J. Cultivar Susceptibility to Natural Infections Caused by Fungal Grapevine Trunk Pathogens in La Mancha Designation of Origin (Spain). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061171. [PMID: 34207542 PMCID: PMC8228040 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are one of the main biotic stress factors affecting this crop. The use of tolerant grapevine cultivars would be an interesting and sustainable alternative strategy to control GTDs. To date, most studies about cultivar susceptibility have been conducted under controlled conditions, and little information is available about tolerance to natural infections caused by GTD fungi. The objectives of this study were: (i) to identify tolerant cultivars to GTD fungi within a Spanish germplasm collection, based on external symptoms observed in the vineyard; and (ii) to characterize the pathogenic mycoflora associated with symptomatic vines. For this purpose, a grapevine germplasm collection including 22 white and 25 red cultivars was monitored along three growing seasons, and their susceptibility for esca foliar symptoms was assessed. Fungi were identified by using morphological and molecular methods. Cultivars such as, 'Monastrell', 'Graciano', 'Cabernet Franc', 'Cabernet Sauvignon', 'Syrah', 'Moscatel de Alejandría', 'Sauvignon Blanc', and 'Airén' displayed high susceptibility to GTDs, whereas others such as 'Petit Verdot', 'Pinot Noir', 'Chardonnay', and 'Riesling' were considered as tolerant. The prevalent fungal species isolated from symptomatic vines were Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (27.9% of the fungal isolates), Cryptovalsa ampelina (24.6%), and Dothiorella sarmentorum (21.3%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L. Chacón-Vozmediano
- Institute for Agri-food and Forestry Research and Development of Castilla-La Mancha (IRIAF), Tomelloso, 13700 Ciudad Real, Spain; (P.M.I.-C.); (J.M.-G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - David Gramaje
- Institute of Grapevine and Wine Sciences (ICVV), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of La Rioja and Government of La Rioja, 26007 Logroño, Spain;
| | - Maela León
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.L.); (J.A.)
| | - Josep Armengol
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.L.); (J.A.)
| | - Juan Moral
- Department of Agronomy, María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Pedro M. Izquierdo-Cañas
- Institute for Agri-food and Forestry Research and Development of Castilla-La Mancha (IRIAF), Tomelloso, 13700 Ciudad Real, Spain; (P.M.I.-C.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Jesús Martínez-Gascueña
- Institute for Agri-food and Forestry Research and Development of Castilla-La Mancha (IRIAF), Tomelloso, 13700 Ciudad Real, Spain; (P.M.I.-C.); (J.M.-G.)
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21
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Pogoda CS, Reinert S, Talukder ZI, Attia Z, Collier-Zans ECE, Gulya TJ, Kane NC, Hulke BS. Genetic loci underlying quantitative resistance to necrotrophic pathogens Sclerotinia and Diaporthe (Phomopsis), and correlated resistance to both pathogens. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:249-259. [PMID: 33106896 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We provide results rooted in quantitative genetics, which combined with knowledge of candidate gene function, helps us to better understand the resistance to two major necrotrophic pathogens of sunflower. Necrotrophic pathogens can avoid or even benefit from plant defenses used against biotrophic pathogens, and thus represent a distinct challenge to plant populations in natural and agricultural systems. Sclerotinia and Phomopsis/Diaporthe are detrimental pathogens for many dicotyledonous plants, including many economically important plants. With no well-established methods to prevent infection in susceptible plants, host-plant resistance is currently the most effective strategy. Despite knowledge of a moderate, positive correlation in resistance to the two diseases in sunflower, detailed analysis of the genetics, in the same populations, has not been conducted. We present results of genome-wide analysis of resistance to both pathogens in a diversity panel of 218 domesticated sunflower genotypes of worldwide origin. We identified 14 Sclerotinia head rot and 7 Phomopsis stem canker unique QTLs, plus 1 co-located QTL for both traits, and observed extensive patterns of linkage disequilibrium between sites for both traits. Most QTLs contained one credible candidate gene, and gene families were common for the two disease resistance traits. These results suggest there has been strong, simultaneous selection for resistance to these two diseases and that a generalized mechanism for defense against these necrotrophic pathogens exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cloe S Pogoda
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, 1900 Pleasant Street, 334 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309-0334, USA
| | - Stephan Reinert
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, 1900 Pleasant Street, 334 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309-0334, USA
| | - Zahirul I Talukder
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, 166 Loftsgard Hall, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA
| | - Ziv Attia
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, 1900 Pleasant Street, 334 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309-0334, USA
| | - Erin C E Collier-Zans
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, 1900 Pleasant Street, 334 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309-0334, USA
| | - Thomas J Gulya
- USDA-ARS Edward T Schafer Agricultural Research Center, 1616 Albrecht Blvd. N., Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA
| | - Nolan C Kane
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, 1900 Pleasant Street, 334 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309-0334, USA
| | - Brent S Hulke
- USDA-ARS Edward T Schafer Agricultural Research Center, 1616 Albrecht Blvd. N., Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA.
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Endophytic Fungi as Potential Biological Control Agents against Grapevine Trunk Diseases in Alentejo Region. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120420. [PMID: 33256028 PMCID: PMC7760588 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Grapevine trunk diseases are the most widespread fungal diseases, affecting grapevines in all the major growing regions of the world, and their complete eradication is still not possible. Aiming to search alternatives to avoid the spread and high incidence of these diseases, the present work identified in vineyards within the Alentejo region the grapevine fungal community and among it the fungi responsible for those diseases. Grapevine fungal community showed a wide variety of fungi, nine of them previously described as grapevine trunk diseases-associated fungi. Almost all these fungi were detected in symptomatic and asymptomatic plants, which shows the importance of investigating the interactions of fungal communities and confirms the need for early diagnosis of these diseases. The potential of endophytic fungi as bio-control agents was tested against grapevine trunk diseases-associated fungi. These tests were performed among identified endophytes and grapevine trunk diseases phytopathogenic fungi, and all the endophyte fungi showed potential as biocontrol agents. Our findings suggest that endophytes are promising candidates for their use in biological control due to their antagonistic activity against the mycelia growth of grapevine trunk diseases-associated fungi. Abstract Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are the most widespread fungal diseases, affecting grapevines in all the major growing regions of the world, and their complete eradication is still not possible. Aiming to search alternatives to avoid the spread and high incidence of these diseases, the present work intended to molecularly identify the grapevine endophytic community, the phytopathogenic fungi associated with GTDs in vineyards within the Alentejo region, and to test potential antagonist microorganisms as biological control candidates against GTDs-associated fungi. Grapevine endophytic community showed a wide variety of fungi in GTDs’ asymptomatic and symptomatic plants, nine of them previously described as GTDs-associated fungi. GTDs prevalent fungi identified in symptomatic plants were Diaporthe sp., Neofusicoccum sp., and H. viticola. Almost all these fungi were also detected in asymptomatic plants, which shows the importance of investigating the interactions of fungal communities and confirms the need for early diagnosis of these diseases. Direct inhibition antagonism tests were performed among identified endophytes and GTDs phytopathogenic fungi, and all the endophyte fungi showed potential as biocontrol agents. Our findings suggest that endophytes are promising candidates for their use in biological control due to their antagonistic activity against the mycelia growth of some GTDs-associated fungi.
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A novel mitovirus detected in Diaporthe rudis, a fungus associated with Phomopsis dieback on grapevines. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2405-2408. [PMID: 32766954 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The genome sequence of a mitovirus found in an isolate of Diaporthe rudis, one of the causal agents of Phomopsis dieback on grapevines, was determined by two high-throughput sequencing approaches, small RNA and total RNA sequencing. The genome of this mitovirus is 2,455 nt in length and includes a single large open reading frame (ORF) encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). A BLASTx comparison of the full-length genome sequence showed the highest similarity (54.15%) with that of Colletotrichum falcatum mitovirus 1 (CfMV1). Our results reveal a new member of the genus Mitovirus first detected in D. rudis (Fr.) Nitschke, with the proposed name "Diaporthe rudis mitovirus 1" (DrMV1).
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Grinbergs D, Chilian J, Carrasco-Fernández J, France A, Moya-Elizondo E, Gerding M. A PCR-Based Method for the Rapid Detection of Chondrostereum purpureum in Apple. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:702-707. [PMID: 31958250 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-19-2086-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silverleaf caused by the basidiomycete Chondrostereum purpureum affects numerous woody species, including fruit tree crops like apple, resulting in wood necrosis and foliar silvering. There are no curative alternatives for this disease, and its management is by prevention methods. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a rapid diagnostic tool for the detection and identification of C. purpureum directly from woody tissues to help distinguish the pathogen from other basidiomycetes that are commonly found on apple. The silverleaf pathogen was isolated from different hosts and locations, and Koch's postulates were performed by inoculating the isolates on apple cuttings and measuring internal necrosis. A previously described APN 1 pair of primers specificity was also tested against 25 C. purpureum isolates in this study, using other wood rotting species as negative controls. Seven virulent isolates were inoculated on apple cuttings, and DNA was extracted from the cuttings' sawdust and amplified using APN 1, after 22 days of incubation. To prove the efficiency of the method in the field, DNA from healthy nursery plants inoculated with two virulent isolates, and naturally infected plants showing different levels of foliar symptoms, were tested. Presence of the fungus was verified by reisolation on APDA in all assays. Koch's postulates indicated that all C. purpureum isolates were pathogenic, showing different virulence levels, and APN 1 primers were able to discriminate them from other basidiomycetes. The method was also able to detect C. purpureum from artificially inoculated plants as well as naturally infected ones, demonstrating that the protocol may become a rapid minimally destructive diagnostic tool to detect the pathogen without the need to isolate it from tissues, and thus taking measures to prevent its dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Grinbergs
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, Chile
| | - J Chilian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán, Chile
| | - J Carrasco-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán, Chile
| | - A France
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán, Chile
| | - E Moya-Elizondo
- Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, Chile
| | - M Gerding
- Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, Chile
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Eichmeier A, Kiss T, Penazova E, Pecenka J, Berraf-Tebbal A, Baranek M, Pokluda R, Cechova J, Gramaje D, Grzebelus D. MicroRNAs in Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay Are Differentially Expressed in Response to Diaporthe Species. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E905. [PMID: 31703418 PMCID: PMC6896114 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diaporthe species are important pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes on grapevines. Several species are known, either as agents of pre- or post-harvest infections, as causal agents of many relevant diseases, including swelling arm, trunk cankers, leaf spots, root and fruit rots, wilts, and cane bleaching. A growing body of evidence exists that a class of small non-coding endogenous RNAs, known as microRNAs (miRNAs), play an important role in post-transcriptional gene regulation, during plant development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we explored differentially expressed miRNAs in response to Diaporthe eres and Diaporthe bohemiae infection in Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay under in vitro conditions. We used computational methods to predict putative miRNA targets in order to explore the involvement of possible pathogen response pathways. We identified 136 known and 41 new miRNA sequence variants, likely generated through post-transcriptional modifications. In the Diaporthe eres treatment, 61 known and 17 new miRNAs were identified while in the Diaporthe bohemiae treatment, 101 known and 21 new miRNAs were revealed. Our results contribute to further understanding the role miRNAs play during plant pathogenesis, which is possibly crucial in understanding disease symptom development in grapevines infected by D. eres and D. bohemiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Eichmeier
- Faculty of Horticulture, Mendeleum-Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (E.P.); (J.P.); (A.B.-T.); (M.B.); (R.P.); (J.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Tomas Kiss
- Faculty of Horticulture, Mendeleum-Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (E.P.); (J.P.); (A.B.-T.); (M.B.); (R.P.); (J.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Eliska Penazova
- Faculty of Horticulture, Mendeleum-Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (E.P.); (J.P.); (A.B.-T.); (M.B.); (R.P.); (J.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Jakub Pecenka
- Faculty of Horticulture, Mendeleum-Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (E.P.); (J.P.); (A.B.-T.); (M.B.); (R.P.); (J.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Akila Berraf-Tebbal
- Faculty of Horticulture, Mendeleum-Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (E.P.); (J.P.); (A.B.-T.); (M.B.); (R.P.); (J.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Miroslav Baranek
- Faculty of Horticulture, Mendeleum-Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (E.P.); (J.P.); (A.B.-T.); (M.B.); (R.P.); (J.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Robert Pokluda
- Faculty of Horticulture, Mendeleum-Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (E.P.); (J.P.); (A.B.-T.); (M.B.); (R.P.); (J.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Jana Cechova
- Faculty of Horticulture, Mendeleum-Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (E.P.); (J.P.); (A.B.-T.); (M.B.); (R.P.); (J.C.); (D.G.)
| | - David Gramaje
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas—Universidad de la Rioja—Gobierno de La Rioja, Ctra. de Burgos Km. 6, 26007 Logroño, Spain;
| | - Dariusz Grzebelus
- Faculty of Horticulture, Mendeleum-Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (E.P.); (J.P.); (A.B.-T.); (M.B.); (R.P.); (J.C.); (D.G.)
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31425 Krakow, Poland
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Reveglia P, Pacetti A, Masi M, Cimmino A, Carella G, Marchi G, Mugnai L, Evidente A. Phytotoxic metabolites produced by Diaporthe eres involved in cane blight of grapevine in Italy. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:2872-2880. [PMID: 31674838 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1679133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are one of the most serious biotic stresses affecting this important crop. Among them a range of diseases were identified and associated to a plethora of phytopathogenic fungi, including species of Diaporthe. Diaporthe eres was recently identified as one of the species involved in cane blight of grapevine. The ability of a strain of this fungus isolated from infected grapevine plant in Italy to produce in vitro phytotoxic metabolites was investigated. Five phytotoxic metabolites were identified by their physical and spectroscopic properties as 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, nectriapyrone, p-cresol and tyrosol. When tested on grapevine leaf disks and by leaf absorption, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid induced symptoms on both disks and leaves, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and p-cresol showed, respectively, phytotoxicity on leaf disks and on the leaf absorption bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierlugi Reveglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Montesant'Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Pacetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Sez. di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Marco Masi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Montesant'Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessio Cimmino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Montesant'Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Sez. di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Guido Marchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Sez. di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Laura Mugnai
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Sez. di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Montesant'Angelo, Napoli, Italy
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Manawasinghe IS, Dissanayake AJ, Li X, Liu M, Wanasinghe DN, Xu J, Zhao W, Zhang W, Zhou Y, Hyde KD, Brooks S, Yan J. High Genetic Diversity and Species Complexity of Diaporthe Associated With Grapevine Dieback in China. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1936. [PMID: 31543868 PMCID: PMC6732904 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases have become one of the main threats to grape production worldwide, with Diaporthe species as an emerging group of pathogens in China. At present, relatively little is known about the taxonomy and genetic diversity of Chinese Diaporthe populations, including their relationships to other populations worldwide. Here, we conducted an extensive field survey in six provinces in China to identify and characterize Diaporthe species in grape vineyards. Ninety-four isolates were identified and analyzed using multi-locus phylogeny. The isolates belonged to eight species, including three novel taxa, Diaporthe guangxiensis (D. guangxiensis), Diaporthe hubeiensis (D. hubeiensis), Diaporthe viniferae (D. viniferae), and three new host records, Diaporthe gulyae (D. gulyae), Diaporthe pescicola (D. pescicola), and Diaporthe unshiuensis (D. unshiuensis). The most commonly isolated species was Diaporthe eres (D. eres). In addition, high genetic diversity was observed for D. eres in Chinese vineyards. Haplotype network analysis of D. eres isolates from China and Europe showed a close relationship between samples from the two geographical locations and evidence for recombination. In comparative pathogenicity testing, D. gulyae was the most aggressive taxon, whereas D. hubeiensis was the least aggressive. This study provides new insights into the Diaporthe species associated with grapevines in China, and our results can be used to develop effective disease management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishara S. Manawasinghe
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Mueang Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Asha J. Dissanayake
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Mueang Chiang Rai, Thailand
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinghong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Mueang Chiang Rai, Thailand
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Wensheng Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yueyan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Mueang Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Siraprapa Brooks
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Mueang Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Jiye Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Nouri MT, Lawrence DP, Holland LA, Doll DA, Kallsen CE, Culumber CM, Trouillas FP. Identification and Pathogenicity of Fungal Species Associated with Canker Diseases of Pistachio in California. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:2397-2411. [PMID: 31322495 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-18-1717-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A survey was conducted during 2015 and 2016 in pistachio orchards throughout the San Joaquin Valley of California to investigate the occurrence of canker diseases and identify the pathogens involved. Cankers and dieback symptoms were observed mainly in orchards aged >15 years. Symptoms of canker diseases included brown to dark brown discoloration of vascular tissues, wood necrosis, and branch dieback. In total, 58 fungal isolates were obtained from cankers and identified based on multilocus phylogenetic analyses (internal transcribed spacer, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, β-tubulin, calmodulin, actin 1, and translation elongation factor 1α) representing 11 fungal species: Colletotrichum karstii, Cytospora californica, Cytospora joaquinensis, Cytospora parapistaciae, Cytospora pistaciae, Diaporthe ambigua, Didymella glomerata, Diplodia mutila, Neofusicoccum mediterraneum, Phaeoacremonium canadense, and Schizophyllum commune. Pathogenicity tests conducted in the main pistachio cultivars Kerman, Golden Hills, and Lost Hills using the mycelium-plug method indicated that all fungal species were pathogenic to Pistacia vera. All species tested caused cankers in pistachio branches, although virulence among species varied from high to moderate. Overall, N. mediterraneum and Cytospora spp. were the most widespread and virulent species associated with canker diseases of pistachio in California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T Nouri
- Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA 93648
- University of California, Davis, Department of Plant Pathology, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Daniel P Lawrence
- University of California, Davis, Department of Plant Pathology, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Leslie A Holland
- Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA 93648
- University of California, Davis, Department of Plant Pathology, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Dave A Doll
- University of California Cooperative Extension Merced County, Merced, CA 95341
| | - Craig E Kallsen
- University of California Cooperative Extension Kern County, Bakersfield, CA 93307
| | | | - Florent P Trouillas
- Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA 93648
- University of California, Davis, Department of Plant Pathology, Davis, CA 95616
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Lesuthu P, Mostert L, Spies CFJ, Moyo P, Regnier T, Halleen F. Diaporthe nebulae sp. nov. and First Report of D. cynaroidis, D. novem, and D. serafiniae on Grapevines in South Africa. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:808-817. [PMID: 30920350 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-18-0433-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Diaporthe species cause Phomopsis cane and leaf spot as well as Phomopsis dieback on grapevines. Symptoms of Phomopsis dieback have increasingly been observed over the past few years. In order to assess the current status of Diaporthe on grapevines in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, isolations were made from dormant grafted nursery vines, dormant rootstock canes, and dying or dead spurs of field vines. Cultures identified as Diaporthe based on morphological features were further identified to species level by sequencing the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2 and 5.8S rRNA and, for a representative subsample of isolates, the partial beta-tubulin (tub2) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the combined ITS, tub2, and EF1-α data revealed nine Diaporthe species associated with grapevines during this survey. One of these represents a new species, D. nebulae sp. nov., and three other species, namely D. novem, D. cynaroidis, and D. serafiniae, are reported on grapevines in South Africa for the first time. Species-specific primers were designed for PCR identification of D. ampelina, D. ambigua, and D. foeniculina. Pathogenicity studies conducted on detached grapevine shoots indicated D. ampelina, D. novem, and D. nebulae sp. nov. as the most virulent species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palesa Lesuthu
- 1 Plant Protection Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
- 3 Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Lizel Mostert
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; and
| | - Christoffel F J Spies
- 1 Plant Protection Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; and
| | - Providence Moyo
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; and
| | - Thierry Regnier
- 3 Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Francois Halleen
- 1 Plant Protection Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; and
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Kraus C, Voegele RT, Fischer M. Temporal Development of the Culturable, Endophytic Fungal Community in Healthy Grapevine Branches and Occurrence of GTD-Associated Fungi. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2019; 77:866-876. [PMID: 30397796 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi play an important role in the life of grapevine, either as beneficial microorganisms or as pathogens. Many surveys concerning the fungal grapevine community have been conducted. Nevertheless, exactly how the fungal community arises within the plant and develops from young shoots to mature vines is still unknown. Therefore, it was the aim of this study to investigate the early development of endophytic fungal communities in healthy grapevine branches from 2 months to 8 years old. More than 3800 fungi belonging to 86 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were isolated from wood samples and assigned to eight age groups. The community composition within the age groups changed and significant differences between young (≤ 1 year) and old (> 1 year) branches were found. The former were primarily dominated by ubiquitous, fast-growing fungi like Alternaria spp., Aureobasidium pullulans, Cladosporium spp., or Epicoccum nigrum, while communities of perennial branches additionally harbored many grapevine trunk disease (GTD)-associated fungi such as Diplodia seriata or Eutypa lata. This work gives an insight into the early development of fungal communities in grapevine, the nature and composition of primary settlers and core communities, as well as the emergence of GTD-associated fungi in perennial wood. This information may help grapevine growers to better estimate the risk in relation to the applied training system, producing mainly old branches or young shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kraus
- Federal Research Centre of Cultivated Plants, Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Julius Kühn-Institut, 76833, Siebeldingen, Germany.
- Department of Phytopathology, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Hohenheim, Germany.
| | - Ralf T Voegele
- Department of Phytopathology, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Hohenheim, Germany
| | - Michael Fischer
- Federal Research Centre of Cultivated Plants, Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Julius Kühn-Institut, 76833, Siebeldingen, Germany
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Barba P, Lillis J, Luce RS, Travadon R, Osier M, Baumgartner K, Wilcox WF, Reisch BI, Cadle-Davidson L. Two dominant loci determine resistance to Phomopsis cane lesions in F 1 families of hybrid grapevines. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2018; 131:1173-1189. [PMID: 29468460 PMCID: PMC5895676 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Rapid characterization of novel NB-LRR-associated resistance to Phomopsis cane spot on grapevine using high-throughput sampling and low-coverage sequencing for genotyping, locus mapping and transcriptome analysis provides insights into genetic resistance to a hemibiotrophic fungus. Phomopsis cane and leaf spot, caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Diaporthe ampelina (syn = Phomopsis viticola), reduces the productivity in grapevines. Host resistance was studied on three F1 families derived from crosses involving resistant genotypes 'Horizon', Illinois 547-1, Vitis cinerea B9 and V. vinifera 'Chardonnay'. All families had progeny with extremely susceptible phenotypes, developing lesions on both dormant canes and maturing fruit clusters. Segregation of symptoms was observed under natural levels of inoculum in the field, while phenotypes on green shoots were confirmed under controlled inoculations in greenhouse. High-density genetic maps were used to localize novel qualitative resistance loci named Rda1 and Rda2 from V. cinerea B9 and 'Horizon', respectively. Co-linearity between reference genetic and physical maps allowed localization of Rda2 locus between 1.5 and 2.4 Mbp on chromosome 7, and Rda1 locus between 19.3 and 19.6 Mbp of chromosome 15, which spans a cluster of five NB-LRR genes. Further dissection of this locus was obtained by QTL mapping of gene expression values 14 h after inoculation across a subset of the 'Chardonnay' × V. cinerea B9 progeny. This provided evidence for the association between transcript levels of two of these NB-LRR genes with Rda1, with increased NB-LRR expression among susceptible progeny. In resistant parent V. cinerea B9, inoculation with D. ampelina was characterized by up-regulation of SA-associated genes and down-regulation of ethylene pathways, suggesting an R-gene-mediated response. With dominant effects associated with disease-free berries and minimal symptoms on canes, Rda1 and Rda2 are promising loci for grapevine genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Barba
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA La Platina, Santa Rosa, 11610, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | - R Stephen Luce
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | - Renaud Travadon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Michael Osier
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Kendra Baumgartner
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Wayne F Wilcox
- Plant Pathology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | - Bruce I Reisch
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
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Jayawardena RS, Purahong W, Zhang W, Wubet T, Li X, Liu M, Zhao W, Hyde KD, Liu J, Yan J. Biodiversity of fungi on Vitis vinifera L. revealed by traditional and high-resolution culture-independent approaches. FUNGAL DIVERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-018-0398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Diaporthe diversity and pathogenicity revealed from a broad survey of grapevine diseases in Europe. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 2018; 40:135-153. [PMID: 30504999 PMCID: PMC6146647 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2018.40.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Species of Diaporthe are considered important plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes on a wide range of plant hosts. Several species are well-known on grapevines, either as agents of pre- or post-harvest infections, including Phomopsis cane and leaf spot, cane bleaching, swelling arm and trunk cankers. In this study we explore the occurrence, diversity and pathogenicity of Diaporthe spp. associated with Vitis vinifera in major grape production areas of Europe and Israel, focusing on nurseries and vineyards. Surveys were conducted in Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Spain and the UK. A total of 175 Diaporthe strains were isolated from asymptomatic and symptomatic shoots, branches and trunks. A multi-locus phylogeny was established based on five genomic loci (ITS, tef1, cal, his3 and tub2), and the morphological characters of the isolates were determined. Preliminary pathogenicity tests were performed on green grapevine shoots with representative isolates. The most commonly isolated species were D. eres and D. ampelina. Four new Diaporthe species described here as D. bohemiae, D. celeris, D. hispaniae and D. hungariae were found associated with affected vines. Pathogenicity tests revealed D. baccae, D. celeris, D. hispaniae and D. hungariae as pathogens of grapevines. No symptoms were caused by D. bohemiae. This study represents the first report of D. ambigua and D. baccae on grapevines in Europe. The present study improves our understanding of the species associated with several disease symptoms on V. vinifera plants, and provides useful information for effective disease management.
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Gramaje D, Úrbez-Torres JR, Sosnowski MR. Managing Grapevine Trunk Diseases With Respect to Etiology and Epidemiology: Current Strategies and Future Prospects. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:12-39. [PMID: 30673457 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-17-0512-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fungal trunk diseases are some of the most destructive diseases of grapevine in all grape growing areas of the world. Management of GTDs has been intensively studied for decades with some great advances made in our understanding of the causal pathogens, their epidemiology, impact, and control. However, due to the breadth and complexity of the problem, no single effective control measure has been developed. Management of GTD must be holistic and integrated, with an interdisciplinary approach conducted in both nurseries and vineyards that integrates plant pathology, agronomy, viticulture, microbiology, epidemiology, biochemistry, physiology, and genetics. In this review, we identify a number of areas of future prospect for effective management of GTDs worldwide, which, if addressed, will provide a positive outlook on the longevity of vineyards in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gramaje
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de la Rioja - Gobierno de la Rioja, Logroño 26007, Spain
| | - José Ramón Úrbez-Torres
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Science and Technology Branch, Summerland, British Columbia V0H1Z0, Canada
| | - Mark R Sosnowski
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, GPO Box 397, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia; and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Díaz GA, Latorre BA, Lolas M, Ferrada E, Naranjo P, Zoffoli JP. Identification and Characterization of Diaporthe ambigua, D. australafricana, D. novem, and D. rudis Causing a Postharvest Fruit Rot in Kiwifruit. PLANT DISEASE 2017; 101:1402-1410. [PMID: 30678597 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-16-1535-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diaporthe spp. are important plant pathogens causing wood cankers, blight, dieback, and fruit rot in a wide range of hosts. During surveys conducted during the 2013 and 2014 seasons, a postharvest rot in Hayward kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) was observed in Chile. In order to identify the species of Diaporthe associated with this fruit rot, symptomatic fruit were collected from seven kiwifruit packinghouses located between San Francisco de Mostazal and Curicó (central Chile). Twenty-four isolates of Diaporthe spp. were identified from infected fruit based on morphological and cultural characters and analyses of nucleotides sequences of three loci, including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), a partial sequences of the β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α genes. The Diaporthe spp. identified were Diaporthe ambigua, D. australafricana, D. novem, and D. rudis. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis revealed that Chilean isolates were grouped in separate clades with their correspondent ex-types species. All species of Diaporthe were pathogenic on wounded kiwifruit after 30 days at 0°C under normal and controlled-atmosphere (2% O2 and 5% CO2) storage and they were sensitive to benomyl, pyraclostrobin, and tebuconazole fungicides. D. ambigua isolates were the most virulent based on the lesion length measured in inoculated Hayward and Jintao kiwifruit. These findings confirm D. ambigua, D. australafricana, D. novem, and D. rudis as the causal agents of kiwifruit rot during cold storage in Chile. The specie D. actinidiae, a common of Diaporthe sp. found associated with kiwifruit rot, was not identified in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo A Díaz
- Laboratorio de Patología Frutal, Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Bernardo A Latorre
- Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Lolas
- Laboratorio de Patología Frutal, Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca
| | - Enrique Ferrada
- Laboratorio de Patología Frutal, Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca
| | - Paulina Naranjo
- Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Juan P Zoffoli
- Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
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Abstract
Previous studies have shown that our understanding of species diversity within Diaporthe (syn. Phomopsis) is limited. In this study, 49 strains obtained from different countries were subjected to DNA sequence analysis. Based on these results, eight new species names are introduced for lineages represented by multiple strains and distinct morphology. Twelve Phomopsis species previously described from China were subjected to DNA sequence analysis, and confirmed to belong to Diaporthe. The genus Diaporthe is shown to be paraphyletic based on multi-locus (LSU, ITS and TEF1) phylogenetic analysis. Several morphologically distinct genera, namely Mazzantia, Ophiodiaporthe, Pustulomyces, Phaeocytostroma, and Stenocarpella, are embedded within Diaporthe s. lat., indicating divergent morphological evolution. However, splitting Diaporthe into many smaller genera to achieve monophyly is still premature, and further collections and phylogenetic datasets need to be obtained to address this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Weijun Duan
- Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Zhejiang 315012, P.R. China
| | - Pedro W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Tree Protection Co-operative Programme, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Lei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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Passera A, Venturini G, Battelli G, Casati P, Penaca F, Quaglino F, Bianco PA. Competition assays revealed Paenibacillus pasadenensis strain R16 as a novel antifungal agent. Microbiol Res 2017; 198:16-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Fischer J, Compant S, Pierron RJG, Gorfer M, Jacques A, Thines E, Berger H. Differing Alterations of Two Esca Associated Fungi, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora on Transcriptomic Level, to Co-Cultured Vitis vinifera L. calli. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163344. [PMID: 27658052 PMCID: PMC5033417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous fungi Phaeoacremonium aleophilum (P.al, Teleomorph: Togninia minima) and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (P.ch) are believed to be causal agents of wood symptoms associated with the Esca associated young vine decline. The occurrence of these diseases is dramatically increasing in vineyards all over the world whereas efficient therapeutic strategies are lacking. Both fungi occupy the same ecological niche within the grapevine trunk. We found them predominantly within the xylem vessels and surrounding cell walls which raises the question whether the transcriptional response towards plant cell secreted metabolites is comparable. In order to address this question we co-inoculated grapevine callus culture cells with the respective fungi and analyzed their transcriptomes by RNA sequencing. This experimental setup appears suitable since we aimed to investigate the effects caused by the plant thereby excluding all effects caused by other microorganisms omnipresent in planta and nutrient depletion. Bioinformatics analysis of the sequencing data revealed that 837 homologous genes were found to have comparable expression pattern whereas none of which was found to be differentially expressed in both strains upon exposure to the plant cells. Despite the fact that both fungi induced the transcription of oxido- reductases, likely to cope with reactive oxygen species produced by plant cells, the transcriptomics response of both fungi compared to each other is rather different in other domains. Within the transcriptome of P.ch beside increased transcript levels for oxido- reductases, plant cell wall degrading enzymes and detoxifying enzymes were found. On the other hand in P.al the transcription of some oxido- reductases was increased whereas others appeared to be repressed. In this fungus the confrontation to plant cells results in higher transcript levels of heat shock and chaperon-like proteins as well as genes encoding proteins involved in primary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Fischer
- IBWF, Institute of Biotechnology and Drug Research, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 56, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Stéphane Compant
- AIT, Austrian Institute of Technology, Health & Environment Department, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Romain J. G. Pierron
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse–Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Purpan, Département des Sciences Agronomiques et Agroalimentaires, Equipe Agrophysiologie et Agromolécules, 75 voie du TOEC, BP 57611, F-31076 Toulouse Cedex 03, France
- Université de Toulouse, LGC UMR 5503 (CNRS/UPS/INPT), Dept BIOSYM, INP-ENSAT, 1 avenue de l’Agrobiopole, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Markus Gorfer
- AIT, Austrian Institute of Technology, Health & Environment Department, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Alban Jacques
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse–Ecole d’Ingénieurs de Purpan, Département des Sciences Agronomiques et Agroalimentaires, Equipe Agrophysiologie et Agromolécules, 75 voie du TOEC, BP 57611, F-31076 Toulouse Cedex 03, France
| | - Eckhard Thines
- IBWF, Institute of Biotechnology and Drug Research, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 56, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Harald Berger
- AIT, Austrian Institute of Technology, Health & Environment Department, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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Lawrence DP, Travadon R, Baumgartner K. Diversity of Diaporthe species associated with wood cankers of fruit and nut crops in northern California. Mycologia 2015; 107:926-40. [PMID: 26240309 DOI: 10.3852/14-353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Diaporthe ampelina, causal agent of Phomopsis cane and leaf spot of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is isolated frequently from grapevine wood cankers, causing Phomopsis dieback. The latter disease is associated with four other Diaporthe species, three of which also are reported from hosts other than grape. To better understand the role of this Diaporthe community in Phomopsis dieback of grapevine and the potential for infection routes among alternate hosts, 76 Diaporthe isolates were recovered from wood cankers of cultivated grape, pear, apricot, almond and the wild host willow in four California counties. Isolates were characterized morphologically and assigned to species based on multigene sequence analyses. This study identified eight Diaporthe species from grapevine and one novel taxon from willow, D. benedicti. We report the first findings of D. australafricana and D. novem in North America. Our findings also expand the host ranges of D. ambigua to apricot and willow, D. australafricana to almond and willow, D. chamaeropis to grapevine and willow, D. foeniculina to willow and D. novem to almond. The generalists D. ambigua and D. eres were the most genetically diverse species, based on high nucleotide and haplotypic diversity, followed by the grapevine specialist D. ampelina. Analyses based on multilocus linkage disequilibrium could not reject the hypothesis of random mating for D. ambigua, which is further supported by relatively high haplotypic diversity, reports of both mating types and reports of successful matings in vitro. Pathogenicity assays revealed that D. ampelina was the most pathogenic species to grapevine wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Lawrence
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Renaud Travadon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Kendra Baumgartner
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Davis, California 95616
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40
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Morphological and molecular characterisation of Diaporthe species associated with grapevine trunk disease in China. Fungal Biol 2014; 119:283-94. [PMID: 25937058 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Trunk diseases in grapevine (Vitis spp.) are major problems in the wine and table-grape industries reducing the productivity, quality and longevity of vineyards. Species of Diaporthe are important fungal pathogens of grapevine trunk disease worldwide. A survey of 14 grape vineyards located in different provinces of China was yielded Diaporthe isolates associated with symptomatic grapevine wood. These isolates were identified based on morphology and a combined data matrix of rDNA ITS, partial sequences of translation elongation factor 1-α (EF 1-α), β-tubulin (TUB) and calmodulin (CAL) gene regions. Four species of Diaporthe were identified, which included Diaporthe eres, Diaporthe hongkongensis, Diaporthe phaseolorum and Diaporthe sojae. All isolates of Diaporthe caused disease on detached grape shoots in pathogenicity experiments but differed in virulence. The incidence in local vineyards and the pathogenicity results indicate that D. eres is an important pathogen of grapevine in Chinese vineyards, where it may significantly limit grape production. This is the first detailed report of Diaporthe species associated with grapevine trunk diseases in China with morphology, pathogenicity and molecular data.
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