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Bupi N, Vo TTB, Qureshi MA, Tabassum M, Im HJ, Chung YJ, Ryu JG, Kim CS, Lee S. Twindemic Threats of Weeds Coinfected with Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus and Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus as Viral Reservoirs in Tomato Greenhouses. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 40:310-321. [PMID: 38835302 PMCID: PMC11162864 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.03.2024.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) are well-known examples of the begomovirus and orthotospovirus genera, respectively. These viruses cause significant economic damage to tomato crops worldwide. Weeds play an important role in the ongoing presence and spread of several plant viruses, such as TYLCV and TSWV, and are recognized as reservoirs for these infections. This work applies a comprehensive approach, encompassing field surveys and molecular techniques, to acquire an in-depth understanding of the interactions between viruses and their weed hosts. A total of 60 tomato samples exhibiting typical symptoms of TYLCV and TSWV were collected from a tomato greenhouse farm in Nonsan, South Korea. In addition, 130 samples of 16 different weed species in the immediate surroundings of the greenhouse were collected for viral detection. PCR and reverse transcription-PCR methodologies and specific primers for TYLCV and TSWV were used, which showed that 15 tomato samples were coinfected by both viruses. Interestingly, both viruses were also detected in perennial weeds, such as Rumex crispus, which highlights their function as viral reservoirs. Our study provides significant insights into the co-occurrence of TYLCV and TSWV in weed reservoirs, and their subsequent transmission under tomato greenhouse conditions. This project builds long-term strategies for integrated pest management to prevent and manage simultaneous virus outbreaks, known as twindemics, in agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattanong Bupi
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Thuy Thi Bich Vo
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Muhammad Amir Qureshi
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Marjia Tabassum
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hyo-jin Im
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Young-Jae Chung
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hwasung Medi-Science University, Hwaseong 18274, Korea
| | - Jae-Gee Ryu
- Research and Development Planning Division, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Korea
| | - Chang-seok Kim
- Institute for Future Environmental Ecology, Jeonju 54883, Korea
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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Ojinaga M, Guirao P, Larregla S. A Survey of Main Pepper Crop Viruses in Different Cultivation Systems for the Selection of the Most Appropriate Resistance Genes in Sensitive Local Cultivars in Northern Spain. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11060719. [PMID: 35336600 PMCID: PMC8951742 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Viral diseases have become one of the main phytosanitary problems for pepper growers in the Basque Country (northern Spain). In 2014, a survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of the most common viruses found in Gernika pepper and Ibarra chili pepper landraces. A total of 97 plots were surveyed and classified according to the crop system. Within these plots, 1107 plants were sampled and tested for tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV), pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), paprika mild mottle virus (PaMMV), potato virus Y (PVY) and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) applying a DAS-ELISA test. PaMMV was verified by the non-radioactive molecular hybridization technique and it was found to be negative. All viruses were detected, but the most prevalent viruses were PVY and TMGMV (19.8% and 10.6% of tested plants, respectively). Differences among cultivation systems were found for most of the tested viruses. PVY had a higher level of infection under open field conditions (27.3%) than under greenhouse conditions (12.3%). Inversely, the viruses belonging to the Tobamovirus genus and TSWV prevailed under greenhouse conditions (28.9% and 5.2%) when compared to open field (11.2% and 1.1%), respectively. Single (28%) and multiple infections (8.9%) were found. All PMMoV isolates were classified as pathotype P1.2. Survey results indicated that tobamovirus and PVY resistance genes would be the most appropriate to be included in breeding programs with these sensitive pepper landraces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Ojinaga
- Plant Production and Protection Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, C/Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Spain;
| | - Pedro Guirao
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03312 Orihuela, Spain;
| | - Santiago Larregla
- Plant Production and Protection Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, C/Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Spain;
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Batuman O, Turini TA, LeStrange M, Stoddard S, Miyao G, Aegerter BJ, Chen LF, McRoberts N, Ullman DE, Gilbertson RL. Development of an IPM Strategy for Thrips and Tomato spotted wilt virus in Processing Tomatoes in the Central Valley of California. Pathogens 2020; 9:E636. [PMID: 32764311 PMCID: PMC7459483 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV; species Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus; genus Orthotospovirus; family Tospoviridae) is a thrips-transmitted virus that can cause substantial economic losses to many crops, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Since 2005, TSWV emerged as an economically important virus of processing tomatoes in the Central Valley of California, in part due to increased populations of the primary thrips vector, western flower thrips (WFT; Frankliniella occidentalis). To develop an understanding of the epidemiology of TSWV in this region, population densities of WFT and incidence of TSWV were monitored in California's processing tomato transplant-producing greenhouses and associated open fields from 2007 to 2013. Thrips were monitored with yellow sticky cards and in tomato flowers, whereas TSWV incidence was assessed with indicator plants and field surveys for virus symptoms. All thrips identified from processing tomato fields were WFT, and females were three-fold more abundant on sticky cards than males. Symptoms of TSWV infection were observed in all monitored processing tomato fields. Incidences of TSWV ranged from 1 to 20%, with highest incidence found in late-planted fields. There was no single primary inoculum source, and inoculum sources for thrips/TSWV varied depending on the production region. These results allowed us to develop a model for TSWV infection of processing tomatoes in the Central Valley of California. The model predicts that low levels of primary TSWV inoculum are amplified in early-planted tomatoes and other susceptible crops leading to highest levels of infection in later-planted fields, especially those with high thrips populations. Based upon these findings, an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy for TSWV in processing tomatoes in California was devised. This IPM strategy focuses on strategic field placement (identification of high-risk situations), planting TSWV- and thrips-free transplants, planting resistant varieties, monitoring for TSWV symptoms and thrips, roguing infected plants, thrips management targeting early generations, extensive sanitation after harvest, and strategic cropping to avoid overlap with winter bridge crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Batuman
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida-IFAS, Immokalee, FL 34142, USA
| | - Thomas A. Turini
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Fresno, CA 93710, USA;
| | | | - Scott Stoddard
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Merced, CA 95341, USA;
| | - Gene Miyao
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Woodland, CA 95695, USA;
| | - Brenna J. Aegerter
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Stockton, CA 95206, USA;
| | | | - Neil McRoberts
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (N.M.); (R.L.G.)
| | - Diane E. Ullman
- Department of Entomology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Robert L. Gilbertson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (N.M.); (R.L.G.)
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He Z, Guo J, Reitz SR, Lei Z, Wu S. A global invasion by the thrip, Frankliniella occidentalis: Current virus vector status and its management. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:626-645. [PMID: 31453663 PMCID: PMC7318653 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Western flower thrip, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is among the most economically important agricultural pests globally, attacking a wide range of vegetable and horticultural crops. In addition to causing extensive crop damage, the species is notorious for vectoring destructive plant viruses, mainly belonging to the genera Orthotospovirus, Ilarvirus, Alphacarmovirus and Machlomovirus. Once infected by orthotospoviruses, thrips can remain virulent throughout their lifespan and continue transmitting viruses to host plants when and wherever they feed. These irruptive viral outbreaks in crops will permanently disrupt functional integrated pest management systems, and typically require a remedial treatment involving insecticides, contributing to further development of insecticide resistance. To mitigate against this continuing cycle, the most effective management is early and comprehensive surveillance of the pest species and recognition of plant viruses in the field. This review provides information on the pest status of F. occidentalis, discusses the current global status of the viruses vectored by this thrip species, examines the mechanisms involved in transmitting virus-induced diseases by thrips, and reviews different management strategies, highlighting the potential management tactics developed for various cropping systems. The early surveillance and the utilization of potential methods for control of both F. occidentalis and viruses are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- School of Horticulture and Plant ProtectionYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Jing‐Fei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Stuart R. Reitz
- Malheur Experiment StationOregon State UniversityOntarioORUSA
| | - Zhong‐Ren Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Sheng‐Yong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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Yazdani-Khameneh S, Aboutorabi S, Shoori M, Aghazadeh A, Jahanshahi P, Golnaraghi A, Maleki M. Natural Occurrence of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus in Iranian Cucurbit Crops. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 32:201-8. [PMID: 27298595 PMCID: PMC4892816 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.10.2015.0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The main areas for field-grown vegetable production in Iran were surveyed during the years of 2012-2014 to determine the occurrence of begomoviruses infecting these crops. A total of 787 leaf samples were collected from vegetables and some other host plants showing virus-like symptoms and tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using polyclonal antibodies produced against Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). According to the ELISA results, 81 samples (10.3%) positively reacted with the virus antibodies. Begomovirus infections were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using previously described TYLCV-specific primer pair TYLCV-Sar/TYLCV-Isr or universal primer pair Begomo-F/Begomo-R. The PCR tests using the primer pair TYLCV-Sar/TYLCV-Isr resulted in the amplification of the expected fragments of ca. 0.67-kb in size for ELISA-positive samples tested from alfalfa, pepper, spinach and tomato plants, confirming the presence of TYLCV. For one melon sample, having a week reaction in ELISA and no reaction in PCR using TYLCV-specific primers, the PCR reaction using the primer pair Begomo-F/Begomo-R resulted in the amplification fragments of the expected size of ca. 2.8 kb. The nucleotide sequences of the DNA amplicons derived from the isolate, Kz-Me198, were determined and compared with other sequences available in GenBank. BLASTN analysis confirmed the begomovirus infection of the sample and showed 99% identities with Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV); phylogenetic analysis supported the results of the database searches. This study reports the natural occurrence of TYLCV in different hosts in Iran. Our results also reveal the emergence of ToLCNDV in Iranian cucurbit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Yazdani-Khameneh
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran P.O. Box 14515-775,
Iran
| | - Samaneh Aboutorabi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Varamin 33817-7489,
Iran
| | - Majid Shoori
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Varamin 33817-7489,
Iran
| | - Azin Aghazadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Varamin 33817-7489,
Iran
| | - Parastoo Jahanshahi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Varamin 33817-7489,
Iran
| | - Alireza Golnaraghi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran P.O. Box 14515-775,
Iran
| | - Mojdeh Maleki
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Varamin 33817-7489,
Iran
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Pappu H, Jones R, Jain R. Global status of tospovirus epidemics in diverse cropping systems: Successes achieved and challenges ahead. Virus Res 2009; 141:219-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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