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Krüger K, van der Waals JE. Potato virus Y and Potato leafroll virus management under climate change in sub-Saharan Africa. S AFR J SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2020/8579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato has increased in importance as a staple food in sub-Saharan Africa, where its production is faced with a multitude of challenges, including plant disease development and spread under changing climatic conditions. The economically most important plant viruses affecting potatoes globally are Potato virus Y (PVY) and Potato leafroll virus (PLRV). Disease management relies mostly on the use of insecticides, cultural control and seed certification schemes. A major obstacle in many sub-Saharan Africa countries is the availability of disease-free quality seed potatoes. Establishment and implementation of quality control through specialised seed production systems and certification schemes is critical to improve seed potato quality and reduce PVY and PLRV sources. Seed could be further improved by breeding virus-resistant varieties adapted to different environmental conditions combined with management measures tailored for smallholder or commercial farmers to specific agricultural requirements. Innovative technologies – including more sensitive testing, remote sensing, machine learning and predictive models – provide new tools for the management of PVY and PLRV, but require support for adoption and implementation in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Krüger
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jacquie E. van der Waals
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Bragard C, Dehnen‐Schmutz K, Gonthier P, Jacques M, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Thulke H, van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Candresse T, Lacomme C, Bottex B, Oplaat C, Roenhorst A, Schenk M, Di Serio F. Pest categorisation of potato leafroll virus (non-EU isolates). EFSA J 2020; 18:e05939. [PMID: 32626493 PMCID: PMC7008912 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.5939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the EU Commission, the Panel on Plant Health has addressed the pest categorisation of non-EU isolates of potato leafroll virus (PLRV). The information currently available on geographical distribution, biology, epidemiology, potential entry pathways, potential additional impact and availability of control measures of non-EU isolates of PLRV has been evaluated with regard to the criteria to qualify as a potential Union quarantine pest. Because non-EU isolates of PLRV are absent from the EU, they do not meet one of the requirements to be regulated as a regulated non-quarantine pest (RNQP) (presence in the EU); as a consequence, the Panel decided not to evaluate the other RNQP criteria for these isolates. This categorisation was performed considering two groups of PLRV isolates: those associated with the tomato yellow top disease (PLRV-TYTV), not reported from the EU, and all other isolates (hereafter referred to as PLRV), with a worldwide distribution. Isolates of PLRV-TYTV could potentially have an additional impact over the current situation in the EU and therefore meet all the criteria to qualify as a potential Union quarantine pest. All other non-EU PLRV isolates, should they be introduced, are not expected to have additional impact and therefore do not meet this criterion to qualify as a potential Union quarantine pest.
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Fariña AE, Gorayeb ES, Camelo-García VM, Bonin J, Nagata T, Silva JMF, Bogo A, Rezende JAM, da Silva FN, Kitajima EW. Molecular and biological characterization of a putative new sobemovirus infecting Physalis peruviana. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2805-2810. [PMID: 31451963 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Physalis peruviana is a perennial solanaceous plant that has recently been established as a commercial crop in Brazil. This work reports the near-complete genome sequence, particle morphology, and plant host responses to a putative new sobemovirus, named "physalis rugose mosaic virus". The virus, characterized by isometric particles of ca. 30 nm in diameter, causes foliar symptoms of mosaic, malformation and blistering, accompanied by stunting. The near-complete genome sequence comprises 4175 nucleotides and contains five open reading frames that are similar to those of other sobemoviruses. In addition to P. peruviana, the new virus systemically infected Capsicum annuum, Nicotiana tabacum and Solanum lycopersicum by mechanical inoculation. Thus, this virus may cause disease in these crops in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaldo Esquivel Fariña
- Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Silva Gorayeb
- Departamento de Agronomia, Fitopatologia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Viviana Marcela Camelo-García
- Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaíne Bonin
- Departamento de Agronomia, Fitopatologia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Tatsuya Nagata
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Joao Marcos F Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Amauri Bogo
- Departamento de Agronomia, Fitopatologia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Jorge Alberto Marques Rezende
- Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabio Nascimento da Silva
- Departamento de Agronomia, Fitopatologia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brazil.
| | - Elliot W Kitajima
- Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Mondal S, Wenninger EJ, Hutchinson PJS, Whitworth JL, Shrestha D, Eigenbrode SD, Bosque-Pérez NA, Snyder WE. Responses of Aphid Vectors of Potato leaf roll virus to Potato Varieties. PLANT DISEASE 2017; 101:1812-1818. [PMID: 30676926 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-16-1811-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) can reduce tuber yield and quality in potato. Green peach aphid (Myzus persicae [Sulzer]) and potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae [Thomas]) are the two most important potato-colonizing PLRV vectors in the Pacific Northwest. We compared My. persicae and Ma. euphorbiae densities and PLRV incidences among potato varieties in the field to clarify the relationships between aphid abundance and PLRV incidence in plants. Aphids were sampled weekly over three years in the potato varieties Russet Burbank, Ranger Russet, and Russet Norkotah in a replicated field trial. In all years, My. persicae was more abundant than Ma. euphorbiae, representing at least 97% of samples. My. persicae densities did not differ among potato varieties across years; very low numbers of Ma. euphorbiae precluded such statistical comparisons for this species. PLRV infection did not differ significantly among potato varieties, although the percent of PLRV-infected plants differed among years when all varieties were combined (46% in 2013, 29% in 2011, 13% in 2012). For Ranger Russet and Russet Norkotah, PLRV incidence was positively correlated with aphid abundance as well as proportion of PLRV-positive aphids. In Russet Burbank, only aphid abundance was positively correlated with PLRV infection. Our results suggest that the three most commonly grown potato varieties in our region do not differ in their susceptibility to PLRV infection, and that aphid density was a consistent indicator of the risk of infection by this virus across varieties. Both of these findings can be used to hone PLRV monitoring and modeling efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaonpius Mondal
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen Research & Extension Center, Aberdeen, ID 83210
| | - Erik J Wenninger
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Kimberly Research & Extension Center, Kimberly, ID 83341-5082
| | - Pamela J S Hutchinson
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen Research & Extension Center, Aberdeen, ID 83210
| | | | - Deepak Shrestha
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen Research & Extension Center, Aberdeen, ID 83210
| | - Sanford D Eigenbrode
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339
| | - Nilsa A Bosque-Pérez
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339
| | - William E Snyder
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6382
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Campbell P, Cremer J, Roach R, Steele V, Subramaniam S, Sivasubramaniam V, Monsour C, Mullins T, Persley D, Gambley C. Towards area wide management of insect vectored viruses of tomatoes in the Bowen district. Virus Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Influence of Viral Infection on Essential Oil Composition of Ocimum basilicum (Lamiaceae). Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocimum basilicum L., popularly known as sweet basil, is a Lamiaceae species whose essential oil is mainly composed of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and phenylpropanoids. The contents of these compounds can be affected by abiotic and biotic factors such as infections caused by viruses. The main goal of this research was an investigation of the effects of viral infection on the essential oil profile of common basil. Seeds of O. basilicum L. cv. Genovese were sowed and kept in a greenhouse. Plants presenting two pairs of leaves above the cotyledons were inoculated with an unidentified virus isolated from a field plant showing chlorotic yellow spots and foliar deformation. Essential oils of healthy and infected plants were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GCMS. Changes in essential oil composition due to viral infection were observed. Methyleugenol and p-cresol,2,6-di- tert-butyl were the main constituents. However, methyleugenol contents were significantly decreased in infected plants.
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