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Wang S, Lu Z, Lang B, Wang X, Li Y, Chen J. Curvularia lunata and Curvularia Leaf Spot of Maize in China. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:47462-47470. [PMID: 36591195 PMCID: PMC9798514 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Curvularia leaf spot (CLS), primarily caused by Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn (C. lunata), is widely distributed in maize production regions in China. It occurs in all the developmental stages of maize and causes economic losses. The epidemic and yield loss estimation models have been constructed for the disease. C. lunata has obvious virulence differentiation and produces multiple virulence factors. CLS is managed by application of chemical and biological agents and by quantitative resistance conferred by 5 to 6 quantitative trait loci (QTL). This review summarizes research on the understanding of CLS biological characteristics, virulence factors of C. lunata, host resistance genetics, and disease management strategies in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Wang
- School
of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Ministry
of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Lu
- School
of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Ministry
of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Bo Lang
- School
of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Ministry
of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- School
of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Ministry
of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yaqian Li
- School
of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Ministry
of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- School
of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Ministry
of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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Peng R, Sun S, Li N, Kong L, Chen Z, Wang P, Xu L, Wang H, Geng X. Physiological and transcriptome profiling revealed defense networks during Cladosporium fulvum and tomato interaction at the early stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1085395. [PMID: 36561446 PMCID: PMC9763619 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1085395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tomato leaf mold caused by Cladosporium fulvum (C. fulvum) is a serious fungal disease which results in huge yield losses in tomato cultivation worldwide. In our study, we discovered that ROS (reactive oxygen species) burst was triggered by C. fulvum treatment in tomato leaves. RNA-sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by C. fulvum inoculation at the early stage of invasion in susceptible tomato plants. Gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases were used to annotate functions of DEGs in tomato plants. Based on our comparative analysis, DEGs related to plant-pathogen interaction pathway, plant hormone signal transduction pathway and the plant phenylpropanoid pathway were further analyzed. Our results discovered that a number of core defense genes against fungal invasion were induced and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were impacted by C. fulvum inoculation. Further, our results showed that SA (salicylic acid) and ABA (abscisic acid) contents were accumulated while JA (jasmonic acid) content decreased after C. fulvum inoculation in comparison with control, and quantitative real-time PCR to detect the relative expression of genes involved in SA, ABA and JA signaling pathway further confirmed our results. Together, results will contribute to understanding the mechanisms of C. fulvum and tomato interaction in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Peng
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Sheng Sun
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingjuan Kong
- Vegetable Department, Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifeng Chen
- College of Biology and Agricultural Technology, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lurong Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hehe Wang
- Clemson University, Edisto Research and Education Center, Blackville, SC, United States
| | - Xueqing Geng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Gao J, Chen J. The Role of Clt1-Regulated Xylan Metabolism in Melanin and Toxin Formation for the Pathogenicity of Curvularia lunata in Maize. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:617-630. [PMID: 33417477 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-08-20-0235-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that the BTB (brica-brac, tramtrack, and broad) domain-containing protein Clt1 regulates melanin and toxin synthesis, conidiation, and pathogenicity in Curvularia lunata, but the interacting proteins and regulative mechanism of Clt1 are unclear. In this research, we identified two proteins, which respectively correspond to xylanase (Clxyn24) and acetyl xylan esterase (Claxe43) from C. lunata, that were regulated by Clt1. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays were conducted to verify the interaction of Clt1 with full-length Clxyn24 and Claxe43. Furthermore, the Y2H assay revealed that Clt1 physically interacted with Clxyn24 and Claxe43 through its BTB domain to degrade xylan, which was used as a carbon source for C. lunata growth. The utilization of xylan provides acetyl-CoA for the synthesis of melanin and toxin as well as energy and other intermediate metabolites for conidiation. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that PKS18 and its 13 flanking genes found clustered in a region spanning 57.89 kb on scaffold 9 of the C. lunata CX-3 genome were down-regulated in toxin production-deficient mutant T806, and this cluster is possibly responsible for toxin biosynthesis of C. lunata.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Gao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, U.S.A
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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Global insight into the distribution of velvet-like B protein in Cochliobolus species and implication in pathogenicity and fungicide resistance. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:187. [PMID: 30506400 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2569-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The Cochliobolus genus consist of over 55 species among which the 5 most devastating are Cochliobolus carbonum, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Crocus sativus and Cochliobolus lunatus causing damages in sorghum, wheat, rice, maize, cassava and soybean estimated at over 10 billion USD per annum worldwide. The dynamic pathogenicity of Cochliobolus species and the plethora of infected hosts is determined by the evolution of virulence determinants such as the velvet-like B protein (VelB). Nonetheless, the knowledge on the distribution of Cochliobolus VelB and its implication in pathogenicity and fungicide resistance are often lacking. By scanning through the annotated genomes of C. lunatus, C. heterostrophus, C. carbonum, C. victoriae, C. sativus and C. miyabeanus, it is revealed that the numbers of ortholog VelB and cognates vary. By using the phylogenetic approach, it is established that the diversification rates among velvet-domain-containing proteins for phytopathogenic Cochliobolus species could impact differently on their oxidant and fungicide resistance potentials, ability to form appressoria-like structures and infection pegs during infection. This study provides new insights into the pathogenicity evolution of Cochliobolus species at the VelB locus which is relevant for designing effective strategies for durable management of Cochliobolus diseases.
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Gao JX, Chen J. Involvement of a Polyketide Synthetase ClPKS18 in the Regulation of Vegetative Growth, Melanin and Toxin Synthesis, and Virulence in Curvularia lunata. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 33:597-601. [PMID: 29238283 PMCID: PMC5720607 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.04.2017.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The clpks18 gene was first cloned and identified in Curvularia lunata. It contains 6571 base pairs (bp) and an 6276 bp open reading frame encoding 2091 amino acids. The ClPKS18 deletion mutant displayed an albino phenotype, and almost lost the ability to product 5-(hydroxymethyl) furan-2-carboxylate (M5HF2C) toxin, implying that clpks18 gene in C. lunata is not only involved in 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene melanin synthesis, but also relatively associated with M5HF2C toxin biosynthesis of the pathogen. The pathogenicity assays revealed that ΔClPKS18 was impaired in colonizing the maize leaves, which corresponds to the finding that ClPKS18 controls the production of melanin and M5HF2C in C. lunata. Results indicate that ClPKS18 plays a vital role in regulating pathogenicity of in C. lunata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Gao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240,
China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240,
China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240,
China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240,
China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240,
China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240,
China
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Li H, Yang Q, Fan N, Zhang M, Zhai H, Ni Z, Zhang Y. Quantitative trait locus analysis of heterosis for plant height and ear height in an elite maize hybrid zhengdan 958 by design III. BMC Genet 2017; 18:36. [PMID: 28415964 PMCID: PMC5392948 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plant height (PH) and ear height (EH) are two important agronomic traits in maize selection breeding. F1 hybrid exhibit significant heterosis for PH and EH as compared to their parental inbred lines. To understand the genetic basis of heterosis controlling PH and EH, we conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using a recombinant inbreed line (RIL) based design III population derived from the elite maize hybrid Zhengdan 958 in five environments. Results A total of 14 environmentally stable QTLs were identified, and the number of QTLs for Z1 and Z2 populations was six and eight, respectively. Notably, all the eight environmentally stable QTLs for Z2 were characterized by overdominance effect (OD), suggesting that overdominant QTLs were the most important contributors to heterosis for PH and EH. Furthermore, 14 environmentally stable QTLs were anchored on six genomic regions, among which four are trait-specific QTLs, suggesting that the genetic basis for PH and EH is partially different. Additionally, qPH.A-1.3, modifying about 10 centimeters of PH, was further validated in backcross populations. Conclusions The genetic basis for PH and EH is partially different, and overdominant QTLs are important factors for heterosis of PH and EH. A major QTL qPH.A-1.3 may be a desired target for genetic improvement of maize plant height. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-017-0503-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingsong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Nannan Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huijie Zhai
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yirong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China. .,National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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7
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Gao JX, Yu CJ, Wang M, Sun JN, Li YQ, Chen J. Involvement of a velvet protein ClVelB in the regulation of vegetative differentiation, oxidative stress response, secondary metabolism, and virulence in Curvularia lunata. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46054. [PMID: 28393907 PMCID: PMC5385503 DOI: 10.1038/srep46054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The ortholog of Aspergillus nidulans VelB, which is known as ClVelB, was studied to gain a broader insight into the functions of a velvet protein in Curvularia lunata. With the expected common and specific functions of ClVelB, the deletion of clvelB results in similar though not identical phenotypes. The pathogenicity assays revealed that ΔClVelB was impaired in colonizing the host tissue, which corresponds to the finding that ClVelB controls the production of conidia and the methyl 5-(hydroxymethyl) furan-2-carboxylate toxin in C. lunata. However, the deletion of clvelB led to the increase in aerial hyphae and melanin formation. In addition, ΔClVelB showed a decreased sensitivity to iprodione and fludioxonil fungicides and a decreased resistance to cell wall-damaging agents and osmotic stress and tolerance to H2O2. The ultrastructural analysis indicated that the cell wall of ΔClVelB became thinner, which agrees with the finding that the accumulated level of glycerol in ΔClVelB is lower than the wild-type. Furthermore, the interaction of ClVelB with ClVeA and ClVosA was identified in the present research through the yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. Results indicate that ClVelB plays a vital role in the regulation of various cellular processes in C. lunata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Gao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Jin Yu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Nan Sun
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Qian Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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Cochliobolus lunatus down-regulates proteome at late stage of colonization and transiently alters StNPR1 expression in Solanum tuberosum L. Arch Microbiol 2016; 199:237-246. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-016-1297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Liu T, Wang Y, Ma B, Hou J, Jin Y, Zhang Y, Ke X, Tai L, Zuo Y, Dey K. Clg2p interacts with Clf and ClUrase to regulate appressorium formation, pathogenicity and conidial morphology in Curvularia lunata. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24047. [PMID: 27041392 PMCID: PMC4819193 DOI: 10.1038/srep24047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras is a small GTPase that regulates numerous processes in the cellular development and morphogenesis of many organisms. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized the Clg2p gene of Curvularia lunata, which is homologous with the Ras protein. The Clg2p deletion mutant (ΔClg2p) had altered appressorium formation and conidial morphology and produced fewer, smaller lesions compared with the wild-type strain. When a dominant Clg2p allele was introduced into the mutant, all of these defective phenotypes were completely restored. To further understand the regulation of Clg2p in appressorium formation and conidial morphology, and its role in pathogenicity, seven Clg2p-interacting proteins were screened using a yeast two-hybrid assay. Two of these proteins, Clf, a homologue of Mst11, which corresponds to MAP kinase kinase kinase in Magnaporthe oryzae, and urate oxidase (designated ClUrase) were functionally characterized. Clg2p specifically interacted with Clf through its RA domain to regulate appressorium formation and pathogenicity, whereas the Clg2p-ClUrase interaction regulated conidial morphology without affecting fungal pathogenicity. This report is the first to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of the key Ras protein Clg2p in C. lunata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Institute of Plant Pathology and Applied Microbiology, School of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Northwest A &F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Institute of Plant Pathology and Applied Microbiology, School of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, P. R. China
| | - Bingchen Ma
- Institute of Plant Pathology and Applied Microbiology, School of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, P. R. China
| | - Jumei Hou
- Institute of Plant Pathology and Applied Microbiology, School of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, P. R. China
| | - Yazhong Jin
- Institute of Plant Pathology and Applied Microbiology, School of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, P. R. China
| | - Youli Zhang
- Institute of Plant Pathology and Applied Microbiology, School of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, P. R. China
| | - Xiwang Ke
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, P. R. China
| | - Lianmei Tai
- Institute of Plant Pathology and Applied Microbiology, School of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, P. R. China
| | - Yuhu Zuo
- Institute of Plant Pathology and Applied Microbiology, School of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, P. R. China
| | - Kishore Dey
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
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Genome-wide identification, classification and expression analysis in fungal-plant interactions of cutinase gene family and functional analysis of a putative ClCUT7 in Curvularia lunata. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:1105-15. [PMID: 26767524 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cutinase is described as playing various roles in fungal-plant pathogen interactions, such as eliciting host-derived signals, fungal spore attachment and carbon acquisition during saprophytic growth. However, the characteristics of the cutinase genes, their expression in compatible interactions and their roles in pathogenesis have not been reported in Curvularia lunata, an important leaf spot pathogen of maize in China. Therefore, a cutinase gene family analysis could have profound significance. In this study, we identified 13 cutinase genes (ClCUT1 to ClCUT13) in the C. lunata genome. Multiple sequence alignment showed that most fungal cutinase proteins had one highly conserved GYSQG motif and a similar DxVCxG[ST]-[LIVMF](3)-x(3)H motif. Gene structure analyses of the cutinases revealed a complex intron-exon pattern with differences in the position and number of introns and exons. Based on phylogenetic relationship analysis, C. lunata cutinases and 78 known cutinase proteins from other fungi were classified into four groups with subgroups, but the C. lunata cutinases clustered in only three of the four groups. Motif analyses showed that each group of cutinases from C. lunata had a common motif. Real-time PCR indicated that transcript levels of the cutinase genes in a compatible interaction between pathogen and host had varied expression patterns. Interestingly, the transcript levels of ClCUT7 gradually increased during early pathogenesis with the most significant up-regulation at 3 h post-inoculation. When ClCUT7 was deleted, pathogenicity of the mutant decreased on unwounded maize (Zea mays) leaves. On wounded maize leaves, however, the mutant caused symptoms similar to the wild-type strain. Moreover, the ClCUT7 mutant had an approximately 10 % reduction in growth rate when cutin was the sole carbon source. In conclusion, we identified and characterized the cutinase family genes of C. lunata, analyzed their expression patterns in a compatible host-pathogen interaction, and explored the role of ClCUT7 in pathogenicity. This work will increase our understanding of cutinase genes in other fungal-plant pathogens.
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Identification of microRNA-like RNAs from Curvularia lunata associated with maize leaf spot by bioinformation analysis and deep sequencing. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 291:587-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-1128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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12
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Louis B, Waikhom SD, Jose RC, Goyari S, Talukdar NC, Roy P. Cochliobolus lunatus colonizes potato by adopting different invasion strategies on cultivars: New insights on temperature dependent-virulence. Microb Pathog 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Gao JX, Jing J, Yu CJ, Chen J. Construction of a High-Quality Yeast Two-Hybrid Library and Its Application in Identification of Interacting Proteins with Brn1 in Curvularia lunata. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 31:108-14. [PMID: 26060429 PMCID: PMC4453991 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.01.2015.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Curvularia lunata is an important maize foliar fungal pathogen that distributes widely in maize growing area in China, and several key pathogenic factors have been isolated. An yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) library is a very useful platform to further unravel novel pathogenic factors in C. lunata. To construct a high-quality full length-expression cDNA library from the C. lunata for application to pathogenesis-related protein-protein interaction screening, total RNA was extracted. The SMART (Switching Mechanism At 5' end of the RNA Transcript) technique was used for cDNA synthesis. Double-stranded cDNA was ligated into the pGADT7-Rec vector with Herring Testes Carrier DNA using homologous recombination method. The ligation mixture was transformed into competent yeast AH109 cells to construct the primary cDNA library. Eventually, a high qualitative library was successfully established according to an evaluation on quality. The transformation efficiency was about 6.39 ×10(5) transformants/3 μg pGADT7-Rec. The titer of the primary cDNA library was 2.5×10(8) cfu/mL. The numbers for the cDNA library was 2.46×10(5). Randomly picked clones show that the recombination rate was 88.24%. Gel electrophoresis results indicated that the fragments ranged from 0.4 kb to 3.0 kb. Melanin synthesis protein Brn1 (1,3,8-hydroxynaphthalene reductase) was used as a "bait" to test the sufficiency of the Y2H library. As a result, a cDNA clone encoding VelB protein that was known to be involved in the regulation of diverse cellular processes, including control of secondary metabolism containing melanin and toxin production in many filamentous fungi was identified. Further study on the exact role of the VelB gene is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Gao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240,
P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240,
P. R. China
| | - Jing Jing
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240,
P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240,
P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Jin Yu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240,
P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240,
P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240,
P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240,
P. R. China
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14
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Gao S, Li Y, Gao J, Suo Y, Fu K, Li Y, Chen J. Genome sequence and virulence variation-related transcriptome profiles of Curvularia lunata, an important maize pathogenic fungus. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:627. [PMID: 25056288 PMCID: PMC4124159 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curvularia lunata is an important maize foliar fungal pathogen that distributes widely in maize growing area in China. Genome sequencing of the pathogen will provide important information for globally understanding its virulence mechanism. RESULTS We report the genome sequences of a highly virulent C. lunata strain. Phylogenomic analysis indicates that C. lunata was evolved from Bipolaris maydis (Cochliobolus heterostrophus). The highly virulent strain has a high potential to evolve into other pathogenic stains based on analyses on transposases and repeat-induced point mutations. C. lunata has a smaller proportion of secreted proteins as well as B. maydis than entomopathogenic fungi. C. lunata and B. maydis have a similar proportion of protein-encoding genes highly homologous to experimentally proven pathogenic genes from pathogen-host interaction database. However, relative to B. maydis, C. lunata possesses not only many expanded protein families including MFS transporters, G-protein coupled receptors, protein kinases and proteases for transport, signal transduction or degradation, but also many contracted families including cytochrome P450, lipases, glycoside hydrolases and polyketide synthases for detoxification, hydrolysis or secondary metabolites biosynthesis, which are expected to be crucial for the fungal survival in varied stress environments. Comparative transcriptome analysis between a lowly virulent C. lunata strain and its virulence-increased variant induced by resistant host selection reveals that the virulence increase of the pathogen is related to pathways of toxin and melanin biosynthesis in stress environments, and that the two pathways probably have some overlaps. CONCLUSIONS The data will facilitate a full revelation of pathogenic mechanism and a better understanding of virulence differentiation of C. lunata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigang Gao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
| | - Yaqian Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
| | - Jinxin Gao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
| | - Yujuan Suo
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
| | - Kehe Fu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
| | - Yingying Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 P. R. China
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15
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Louis B, Waikhom SD, Roy P, Bhardwaj PK, Sharma CK, Singh MW, Talukdar NC. Host-range dynamics of Cochliobolus lunatus: from a biocontrol agent to a severe environmental threat. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:378372. [PMID: 24987680 PMCID: PMC4060766 DOI: 10.1155/2014/378372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We undertook an investigation to advance understanding of the host-range dynamics and biocontrol implications of Cochliobolus lunatus in the past decade. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) farms were routinely surveyed for brown-to-black leaf spot disease caused by C. lunatus. A biphasic gene data set was assembled and databases were mined for reported hosts of C. lunatus in the last decade. The placement of five virulent strains of C. lunatus causing foliar necrosis of potato was studied with microscopic and phylogenetic tools. Analysis of morphology showed intraspecific variations in stromatic tissues among the virulent strains causing foliar necrosis of potato. A maximum likelihood inference based on GPDH locus separated C. lunatus strains into subclusters and revealed the emergence of unclustered strains. The evolving nutritional requirement of C. lunatus in the last decade is exhibited by the invasion of vertebrates, invertebrates, dicots, and monocots. Our results contribute towards a better understanding of the host-range dynamics of C. lunatus and provide useful implications on the threat posed to the environment when C. lunatus is used as a mycoherbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengyella Louis
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Takyelpat, Imphal, Manipur 795001, India
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag More, West Bengal 713104, India
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé I, BP 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Sayanika Devi Waikhom
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Takyelpat, Imphal, Manipur 795001, India
| | - Pranab Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal 721657, India
| | - Pardeep Kumar Bhardwaj
- Regional Centre of Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (RCIBSD), Gangtok, Sikkim 737102, India
| | - Chandradev K. Sharma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Takyelpat, Imphal, Manipur 795001, India
| | - Mohendro Wakambam Singh
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Takyelpat, Imphal, Manipur 795001, India
| | - Narayan Chandra Talukdar
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Takyelpat, Imphal, Manipur 795001, India
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