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Osdaghi E, Robertson AE, Jackson-Ziems TA, Abachi H, Li X, Harveson RM. Clavibacter nebraskensis causing Goss's wilt of maize: Five decades of detaining the enemy in the New World. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:675-692. [PMID: 36116105 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Goss's bacterial wilt and leaf blight of maize (Zea mays) caused by the gram-positive coryneform bacterium Clavibacter nebraskensis is an economically important disease in North America. C. nebraskensis is included within the high-risk list of quarantine pathogens by several plant protection organizations (EPPO code: CORBMI), hence it is under strict quarantine control around the world. The causal agent was reported for the first time on maize in Nebraska (USA) in 1969. After an outbreak during the 1970s, prevalence of the disease decreased in the 1980s to the early 2000s, before the disease resurged causing a serious threat to maize production in North America. The re-emergence of Goss's wilt in the corn belt of the United States led to several novel achievements in understanding the pathogen biology and disease control. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the pathogen taxonomy, biology, and epidemiology as well as management strategies of Goss's wilt disease. First, a taxonomic history of the pathogen is provided followed by symptomology and host range, genetic diversity, and pathogenicity mechanisms of the bacterium. Then, utility of high-throughput molecular approaches in the precise detection and identification of the pathogen and the management strategies of the disease are explained. Finally, we highlight the role of integrated pest management strategies to combat the risk of Goss's wilt in the 21st century maize industry. DISEASE SYMPTOMS Large (2-15 cm) tan to grey elongated oval lesions with wavy, irregular water-soaked margins on the leaves. The lesions often start at the leaf tip or are associated with wounding caused by hail or wind damage. Small (1 mm in diameter), dark, discontinuous water-soaked spots, known as "freckles", can be observed in the periphery of lesions. When backlit, the freckles appear translucent. Early infection (prior to growth stage V6) may become systemic and cause seedlings to wilt, wither, and die. Coalescence of lesions results in leaf blighting. HOST RANGE Maize (Zea mays) is the only economic host of the pathogen. A number of Poaceae species are reported to act as secondary hosts for C. nebraskensis. TAXONOMIC STATUS OF THE PATHOGEN Class: Actinobacteria; Order: Micrococcales; Family: Microbacteriaceae; Genus: Clavibacter; Species: Clavibacter nebraskensis. SYNONYMS Corynebacterium nebraskense (Schuster, 1970) Vidaver & Mandel 1974; Corynebacterium michiganense pv. nebraskense (Vidaver & Mandel 1974) Dye & Kemp 1977; Corynebacterium michiganense subsp. nebraskense (Vidaver & Mandel 1974) Carlson & Vidaver 1982; Clavibacter michiganense subsp. nebraskense (Vidaver & Mandel 1974) Davis et al. 1984; Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis (Vidaver & Mandel 1974) Davis et al. 1984. TYPE MATERIALS ATCC 27794T ; CFBP 2405T ; ICMP 3298T ; LMG 3700T ; NCPPB 2581T . MICROBIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Cells are gram-positive, orange-pigmented, pleomorphic club- or rod-shaped, nonspore-forming, nonmotile, and without flagella, approximately 0.5 × 1-2.0 μm. DISTRIBUTION The pathogen is restricted to Canada and the United States. PHYTOSANITARY CATEGORIZATION EPPO code CORBNE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Osdaghi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alison E Robertson
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Tamra A Jackson-Ziems
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Hamid Abachi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Xiang Li
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Charlottetown Laboratory, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Robert M Harveson
- Panhandle Research & Extension Center, University of Nebraska, Scottsbluff, Nebraska, USA
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Xu R, Adam L, Chapados J, Soliman A, Daayf F, Tambong JT. MinION Nanopore-based detection of Clavibacter nebraskensis, the corn Goss's wilt pathogen, and bacteriomic profiling of necrotic lesions of naturally-infected leaf samples. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245333. [PMID: 33481876 PMCID: PMC7822522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Goss’s bacterial wilt pathogen, Clavibacter nebraskensis, of corn is a candidate A1 quarantine organism; and its recent re-emergence and spread in the USA and Canada is a potential biothreat to the crop. We developed and tested an amplicon-based Nanopore detection system for C. nebraskensis (Cn), targeting a purine permease gene. The sensitivity (1 pg) of this system in mock bacterial communities (MBCs) spiked with serially diluted DNA of C. nebraskensis NCPPB 2581T is comparable to that of real-time PCR. Average Nanopore reads increased exponentially from 125 (1pg) to about 6000 reads (1000 pg) after a 3-hr run-time, with 99.0% of the reads accurately assigned to C. nebraskensis. Three run-times were used to process control MBCs, Cn-spiked MBCs, diseased and healthy leaf samples. The mean Nanopore reads doubled as the run-time is increased from 3 to 6 hrs while from 6 to 12 hrs, a 20% increment was recorded in all treatments. Cn-spiked MBCs and diseased corn leaf samples averaged read counts of 5,100, 11,000 and 14,000 for the respective run-times, with 99.8% of the reads taxonomically identified as C. nebraskensis. The control MBCs and healthy leaf samples had 47 and 14 Nanopore reads, respectively. 16S rRNA bacteriomic profiles showed that Sphingomonas (22.7%) and Clavibacter (21.2%) were dominant in diseased samples while Pseudomonas had only 3.5% relative abundance. In non-symptomatic leaf samples, however, Pseudomonas (20.0%) was dominant with Clavibacter at 0.08% relative abundance. This discrepancy in Pseudomonas abundance in the samples was corroborated by qPCR using EvaGreen chemistry. Our work outlines a new useful tool for diagnosis of the Goss’s bacterial wilt disease; and provides the first insight on Pseudomonas community dynamics in necrotic leaf lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renlin Xu
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lorne Adam
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Julie Chapados
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Atta Soliman
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Fouad Daayf
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - James T. Tambong
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Andersen KF, Buddenhagen CE, Rachkara P, Gibson R, Kalule S, Phillips D, Garrett KA. Modeling Epidemics in Seed Systems and Landscapes To Guide Management Strategies: The Case of Sweet Potato in Northern Uganda. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:1519-1532. [PMID: 30785374 PMCID: PMC7779973 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-18-0072-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Seed systems are critical for deployment of improved varieties but also can serve as major conduits for the spread of seedborne pathogens. As in many other epidemic systems, epidemic risk in seed systems often depends on the structure of networks of trade, social interactions, and landscape connectivity. In a case study, we evaluated the structure of an informal sweet potato seed system in the Gulu region of northern Uganda for its vulnerability to the spread of emerging epidemics and its utility for disseminating improved varieties. Seed transaction data were collected by surveying vine sellers weekly during the 2014 growing season. We combined data from these observed seed transactions with estimated dispersal risk based on village-to-village proximity to create a multilayer network or "supranetwork." Both the inverse power law function and negative exponential function, common models for dispersal kernels, were evaluated in a sensitivity analysis/uncertainty quantification across a range of parameters chosen to represent spread based on proximity in the landscape. In a set of simulation experiments, we modeled the introduction of a novel pathogen and evaluated the influence of spread parameters on the selection of villages for surveillance and management. We found that the starting position in the network was critical for epidemic progress and final epidemic outcomes, largely driven by node out-degree. The efficacy of node centrality measures was evaluated for utility in identifying villages in the network to manage and limit disease spread. Node degree often performed as well as other, more complicated centrality measures for the networks where village-to-village spread was modeled by the inverse power law, whereas betweenness centrality was often more effective for negative exponential dispersal. This analysis framework can be applied to provide recommendations for a wide variety of seed systems.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. F. Andersen
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0680, U.S.A
- Institute for Sustainable Food Systems, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0680, U.S.A
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0680, U.S.A
| | - C. E. Buddenhagen
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0680, U.S.A
- Institute for Sustainable Food Systems, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0680, U.S.A
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0680, U.S.A
| | - P. Rachkara
- Department of Rural Development and Agribusiness, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
| | - R. Gibson
- Natural Resource Institute, University of Greenwich, Greenwich, United
| | - S. Kalule
- Department of Rural Development and Agribusiness, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
| | - D. Phillips
- Natural Resource Institute, University of Greenwich, Greenwich, United
| | - K. A. Garrett
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0680, U.S.A
- Institute for Sustainable Food Systems, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0680, U.S.A
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0680, U.S.A
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Tambong JT, Xu R, Daayf F, Brière S, Bilodeau GJ, Tropiano R, Hartke A, Reid LM, Cott M, Cote T, Agarkova I. Genome Analysis and Development of a Multiplex TaqMan Real-Time PCR for Specific Identification and Detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2016; 106:1473-1485. [PMID: 27452898 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-16-0188-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The reemergence of the Goss's bacterial wilt and blight disease in corn in the United States and Canada has prompted investigative research to better understand the genome organization. In this study, we generated a draft genome sequence of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis strain DOAB 395 and performed genome and proteome analysis of C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis strains isolated in 2014 (DOAB 397 and DOAB 395) compared with the type strain, NCPPB 2581 (isolated over 40 years ago). The proteomes of strains DOAB 395 and DOAB 397 exhibited a 99.2% homology but had 92.1 and 91.8% homology, respectively, with strain NCPPB 2581. The majority (99.9%) of the protein sequences had a 99.6 to 100% homology between C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis strains DOAB 395 and DOAB 397, with only four protein sequences (0.1%) exhibiting a similarity <70%. In contrast, 3.0% of the protein sequences of strain DOAB 395 or DOAB 397 showed low homologies (<70%) with the type strain NCPPB 2581. The genome data were exploited for the development of a multiplex TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tool for rapid detection of C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis. The specificity of the assay was validated using 122 strains of Clavibacter and non-Clavibacter spp. A blind test and naturally infected leaf samples were used to confirm specificity. The sensitivity (0.1 to 1.0 pg) compared favorably with previously reported real-time PCR assays. This tool should fill the current gap for a reliable diagnostic technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Tambong
- First, second, and eighth authors: Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada; third author: Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ninth and tenth authors: Manitoba Corn Growers Association, Carman, Manitoba, Canada; and eleventh author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Renlin Xu
- First, second, and eighth authors: Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada; third author: Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ninth and tenth authors: Manitoba Corn Growers Association, Carman, Manitoba, Canada; and eleventh author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Fouad Daayf
- First, second, and eighth authors: Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada; third author: Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ninth and tenth authors: Manitoba Corn Growers Association, Carman, Manitoba, Canada; and eleventh author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Stephan Brière
- First, second, and eighth authors: Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada; third author: Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ninth and tenth authors: Manitoba Corn Growers Association, Carman, Manitoba, Canada; and eleventh author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Guillaume J Bilodeau
- First, second, and eighth authors: Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada; third author: Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ninth and tenth authors: Manitoba Corn Growers Association, Carman, Manitoba, Canada; and eleventh author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Raymond Tropiano
- First, second, and eighth authors: Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada; third author: Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ninth and tenth authors: Manitoba Corn Growers Association, Carman, Manitoba, Canada; and eleventh author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Allison Hartke
- First, second, and eighth authors: Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada; third author: Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ninth and tenth authors: Manitoba Corn Growers Association, Carman, Manitoba, Canada; and eleventh author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Lana M Reid
- First, second, and eighth authors: Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada; third author: Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ninth and tenth authors: Manitoba Corn Growers Association, Carman, Manitoba, Canada; and eleventh author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Morgan Cott
- First, second, and eighth authors: Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada; third author: Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ninth and tenth authors: Manitoba Corn Growers Association, Carman, Manitoba, Canada; and eleventh author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Tammy Cote
- First, second, and eighth authors: Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada; third author: Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ninth and tenth authors: Manitoba Corn Growers Association, Carman, Manitoba, Canada; and eleventh author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Irina Agarkova
- First, second, and eighth authors: Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada; third author: Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ninth and tenth authors: Manitoba Corn Growers Association, Carman, Manitoba, Canada; and eleventh author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
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