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Varveri M, Papageorgiou AG, Tsitsigiannis DI. Evaluation of Biological Plant Protection Products for Their Ability to Induce Olive Innate Immune Mechanisms and Control Colletotrichum acutatum, the Causal Agent of Olive Anthracnose. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:878. [PMID: 38592906 PMCID: PMC10974188 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Olive anthracnose is the most important fungal disease of the olive fruit worldwide, with the fungus Colletotrichum acutatum as the main cause of the disease in Greece. A total of 11 commercial biological plant protection products (bioPPPs) (Amylo-X®, Botector®, FytoSave®, LBG 01F34®, Mevalone®, Polyversum®, Remedier®, Serenade® ASO, Sonata®, Trianum-P®, Vacciplant®), with various modes of action against the fungus C. acutatum, were evaluated by bioassays using detached fruits of two important olive Greek varieties, cv. Koroneiki and cv. Kalamon. Subsequently, the most effective bioPPPs were evaluated for their ability to induce plant defense mechanisms, by determining the expression levels of ten Olea europaea defense genes (Pal, CuaO, Aldh1, Bglu, Mpol, Lox, Phely, CHI-2, PR-10, PR-5). Remedier®, Trianum-P®, Serenade® ASO, Sonata®, and Mevalone® were the most effective in reducing disease severity, and/or inhibiting the conidia production by the fungus at high rates. Post bioPPPs application, high expression levels of several olive plant defense genes were observed. This study provides insights into commercial bioPPPs' effectiveness in controlling olive anthracnose, as well as biocontrol-agents-mediated modulation of olive defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dimitrios I. Tsitsigiannis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (M.V.); (A.G.P.)
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Taibi O, Salotti I, Rossi V. Plant Resistance Inducers Affect Multiple Epidemiological Components of Plasmopara viticola on Grapevine Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2938. [PMID: 37631150 PMCID: PMC10459891 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant resistance inducers (PRIs) harbor promising potential for use in downy mildew (DM) control in viticulture. Here, the effects of six commercial PRIs on some epidemiological components of Plasmopara viticola (Pv) on grapevine leaves were studied over 3 years. Disease severity, mycelial colonization of leaf tissue, sporulation severity, production of sporangia on affected leaves, and per unit of DM lesion were evaluated by inoculating the leaves of PRI-treated plants at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 19 days after treatment (DAT). Laminarin, potassium phosphonate (PHO), and fosetyl-aluminium (FOS) were the most effective in reducing disease severity as well as the Pv DNA concentration of DM lesions on leaves treated and inoculated at 1 and 3 DAT; PHO and FOS also showed long-lasting effects on leaves established after treatment (inoculations at 6 to 19 DAT). PRIs also prevented the sporulation of Pv on lesions; all the PRI-treated leaves produced fewer sporangia than the nontreated control, especially in PHO-, FOS-, and cerevisane-treated leaves (>75% reduction). These results illustrate the broader and longer effect of PRIs on DM epidemics. The findings open up new perspectives for using PRIs in a defense program based on single, timely, and preventative field interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vittorio Rossi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (O.T.); (I.S.)
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Yacoub A, Haidar R, Mesguida O, Gerbore J, Hachicha M, Attard E, Guyoneaud R, Rey P. Deciphering Plant-Induced Responses toward Botrytis cinerea and Plasmopara viticola Attacks in Two Grapevine Cultivars Colonized by the Root Biocontrol Oomycete, Pythium oligandrum. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050511. [PMID: 37233222 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Two major diseases that affect grapevine leaves and berries are controlled by the oomycete Pythium oligandrum. As the efficacy of biocontrol agents strongly depends on factors such as the trophic behaviors of pathogens and cultivar susceptibility, a two-disease approach was implemented to evaluate the activity of P. oligandrum against Botrytis cinerea (the necrotrophic fungus of gray mold) and Plasmopara viticola (the biotrophic oomycete of downy mildew) on two grapevine cultivars with different susceptibilities to these two pathogens. The results show that grapevine root inoculation with P. oligandrum significantly reduced P. viticola and B. cinerea infection on the leaves of the two cultivars, but with differences. This was observed when the relative expression of 10 genes was measured in response to each pathogen, and could be attributed to their lifestyles, i.e., biotrophic or necrotrophic, which are related to the activation of specific metabolic pathways of the plant. In response to P. viticola infection, genes from the jasmonate and ethylene pathways were mainly induced, whereas for B. cinerea, the genes induced were those of the ethylene-jasmonate pathway. The different levels of defense against B. cinerea and P. viticola could also explain the difference in cultivar susceptibility to these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Yacoub
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
- INRAE, UMR1065, Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), ISVV, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Rana Haidar
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
- INRAE, UMR1065, Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), ISVV, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Ouiza Mesguida
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
- GreenCell, Biopôle Clermont-Limagne, 63360 Saint Beauzire, France
| | - Jonathan Gerbore
- GreenCell, Biopôle Clermont-Limagne, 63360 Saint Beauzire, France
| | - Maya Hachicha
- INRAE, UMR1065, Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), ISVV, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Eléonore Attard
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Rémy Guyoneaud
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Patrice Rey
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
- INRAE, UMR1065, Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), ISVV, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Leonardi GR, Polizzi G, Vitale A, Aiello D. Efficacy of Biological Control Agents and Resistance Inducer for Control of Mal Secco Disease. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091735. [PMID: 37176793 PMCID: PMC10181300 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mal secco, caused by Plenodomus tracheiphilus, is an economically important fungal vascular disease in citrus-growing countries of the Mediterranean basin. Preventing fungal infections usually requires a high number of copper treatments but European legislation imposes the minimization of their accumulation in soil. In our study, biological control agents (BCAs) and a plant resistance inducer (PRI), tested in four different experiments on citrus seedlings under controlled conditions, have resulted in promising strategies to control mal secco disease. Foliar (Experiment I) and soil (Experiment II) applications of two formulations of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain D747 (Amylo-X® LC and Amylo-X® WG) provided similar performances in reducing the disease amount (incidence and symptoms severity) over time compared to the untreated control, whereas copper hydroxide (Kocide Opti®) used as standard was the most effective treatment over time. In the third experiment, Pythium oligandrum strain M1 (Polyversum®) and Trichoderma asperellum strain ICC012 + Trichoderma gamsii strain ICC080 (Remedier®) were able to reduce disease incidence and symptoms severity compared to the untreated control. Remedier® provided the best performances in reducing the disease amount, whereas the Polyversum® application was the least effective treatment over time. The effectiveness of the Trichoderma spp. formulation in reducing P. tracheiphilus infections did not significantly differ from the standard copper compound (Kocide Opti®). Comprehensively, in the last experiment (IV), acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) alone and in mixture with metalaxyl-M proved as effective as B. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, with no dose-response relationships observed. These findings provide important insight for the integrated management of mal secco disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppa Rosaria Leonardi
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Polizzi
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vitale
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Dalia Aiello
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Pythium oligandrum in plant protection and growth promotion: Secretion of hydrolytic enzymes, elicitors and tryptamine as auxin precursor. Microbiol Res 2022; 258:126976. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.126976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Markuszewski B, Bieniek AA, Wachowska U, Bieniek A, Krzymińska I. Effect of biological treatment used before harvesting and storage methods on the quality, health and microbial characteristics of unripe hazelnut in the husk ( Corylus avellana L.). PeerJ 2022; 10:e12760. [PMID: 35174012 PMCID: PMC8802713 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hazelnut (Corylus avellana) is still one of the most profitable nut crop species. In recent years, however, there has been growing interest in this species in the form of "fresh nuts" that are picked before falling out of the fruit cover. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage conditions for hazelnuts protected with biological preparations on selected morphological features of the fruits, their health status and the count of bacteria and fungi colonizing the fruits. RESULTS The hazelnuts harvested from the trees protected with a preparation containing Pythium oligandrum and stored for 2 months under the controlled atmosphere conditions and in Xtend® bags (MAP) had the greatest weight and the highest percentage of the kernel. After 3 months of storage, the hazelnuts had reduced commercial value. Only a few hazelnuts displayed symptoms of infectious diseases caused by species of Botrytis and Monilia. The protection applied before the hazelnut harvesting contributed to a multiple increase in the bacterial and yeasts count on the husks and shells of the hazelnuts stored for 3 months. The bacterial count on the nuts stored under the controlled atmosphere (CA, 3%O2:3%CO2, a temperature of 0-1 °C, humidity of 85-95%) and under the controlled atmosphere conditions and in Xtend® bags (MAP) increased significantly. An analysis of the ITS region sequence revealed the presence of bacteria Arthrobacter luteolus and Pantoea agglomerans. A Koch test proved that both non-pathogenic bacteria and pathogenic fungi can cause the browning of the C. avellana leaf under conditions of high humidity. The application of a controlled atmosphere is recommended for a short-term storage of hazelnuts in the husk. CONCLUSION This research showed that 2 months' storage of hazelnuts under controlled atmosphere conditions and Xtend® bags (MAP) prevented a reduction in the weight of hazelnuts in the husk, without the husk, and of the kernel and prevented the nut separation from the husk. In general, the application of biopreparations for the protection of the hazelnut had a positive effect on the kernel weight and size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogumił Markuszewski
- Department of Agroecosystems and Horticulture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Warmia and Mazury, Poland
| | - Anna Adriana Bieniek
- Department of Agroecosystems and Horticulture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Warmia and Mazury, Poland
| | - Urszula Wachowska
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Warmia and Mazury, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Bieniek
- Department of Soil Science and Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Warmia and Mazury, Poland
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Taibi O, Bardelloni V, Bove F, Scaglia F, Caffi T, Rossi V. Activity of resistance inducers against Plasmopara viticola in vineyard. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20225003003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Leaf Area Calculation Models for Vines Based on Foliar Descriptors. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112453. [PMID: 34834818 PMCID: PMC8619606 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the case of foliar area studies on vines, with a large number of determinations, a simple, fast, sufficiently accurate and low-cost method is very useful. The typology of leaves on the vine is complex, characterized by several descriptive parameters: median rib; secondary venations of the first and second order; angles between the median rib and the secondary venations; sinuses; length and width of the leaf. The present study aimed to evaluate models for calculating the leaf area based on descriptive parameters and KA (KA as the surface constant used to calculate the leaf area) for six vine cultivars, ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ (CS), ‘Muscat Iantarnîi’ (MI), ‘Muscat Ottonel’ (MO), ‘Chasselas’ (Ch), ‘Victoria’ (Vi) and ‘Muscat Hamburg’ (MH). The determined KA surface constants had subunit values (0.91 to 0.97), except for the cultivars ‘Muscat Iantarnîi’ and ‘Muscat Ottonel’ where the surface constant KA2 (in relation to the second-order secondary venations) had supraunitary values (1.07 and 1.08, respectively). The determination of the leaf area was possible under different conditions of statistical accuracy (R2 = 0.477, p = 0.0119, up to R2 = 0.988, p < 0.001) in relation to the variety and parametric descriptors considered. The models obtained from the regression analysis facilitated a more reliable prediction of the leaf area based on the elements on the left side of the leaf, in relation to the median rib, compared to those on the right. The accuracy of the results was checked on the basis of minimum error (ME) and confirmed by parameters R2, p and RMSE.
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Načeradská M, Fridrichová M, Kolářová MF, Krejčová T. Novel approach of dermatophytosis eradication in shelters: effect of Pythium oligandrum on Microsporum canis in FIV or FeLV positive cats. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:290. [PMID: 34470629 PMCID: PMC8409471 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03001-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shelters and similar facilities with a high concentration and fluctuation of animals often have problems with various infections, which are usually difficult to solve in such environments and are very expensive to treat. This study investigated the eradication of Microsporum canis, the widespread cause of zoonotic dermatophytosis in shelters, even in immunosuppressed feline leukaemia virus or feline immunodeficiency virus positive cats. Results Our study showed the increased effectiveness of an alternative topical therapy for affected animals using the mycoparasitic fungus Pythium oligandrum, which is gentler and cheaper than the standard systemic treatment with itraconazole, and which can also be easily used as a preventative treatment. A decrease in the number of M. canis colonies was observed in cats treated with a preparation containing P. oligandrum 2 weeks after the start of therapy (2 cats with P-1 score, 2 cats with P-2 score, 5 cats with P-3 score) compared with the beginning of the study (9 cats with P-3 score = massive infection). The alternative topical therapy with a preparation containing P. oligandrum was significantly more effective compared with the commonly used systemic treatment using itraconazole 5 mg/kg in a 6-week pulse. After 16 weeks of application of the alternative topical therapy, the clinical signs of dermatophytosis were eliminated throughout the whole shelter. Conclusion The complete elimination of the clinical signs of dermatophytosis in all cats indicates that this therapy will be useful for the management and prevention of zoonotic dermatophytosis in animal shelters. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-03001-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Načeradská
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Natural and Food Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Michaela Fridrichová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Frühauf Kolářová
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Natural and Food Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Krejčová
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Natural and Food Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Thambugala KM, Daranagama DA, Phillips AJL, Kannangara SD, Promputtha I. Fungi vs. Fungi in Biocontrol: An Overview of Fungal Antagonists Applied Against Fungal Plant Pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:604923. [PMID: 33330142 PMCID: PMC7734056 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.604923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens cause severe losses or damage to crops worldwide and thereby significantly reduce the quality and quantity of agricultural commodities. World tendencies are shifting towards reducing the usage of chemically synthesized pesticides, while various biocontrol methods, strategies and approaches are being used in plant disease management. Fungal antagonists play a significant role in controlling plant pathogens and diseases and they are used as Biocontrol Agents (BCAs) throughout the world. This review provides a comprehensive list of fungal BCAs used against fungal plant pathogens according to modern taxonomic concepts, and clarifies their phylogenetic relationships because thewrong names are frequently used in the literature of biocontrol. Details of approximately 300 fungal antagonists belonging to 13 classes and 113 genera are listed together with the target pathogens and corresponding plant diseases. Trichoderma is identified as the genus with greatest potential comprising 25 biocontrol agents that have been used against a number of plant fungal diseases. In addition to Trichoderma, nine genera are recognized as significant comprising five or more known antagonistic species, namely, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Candida, Fusarium, Penicillium, Pichia, Pythium, Talaromyces, and Verticillium. A phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of the 28S nrRNA gene (LSU) of fungal antagonists was performed to establish their phylogenetic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasun M Thambugala
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka.,Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Dinushani A Daranagama
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Alan J L Phillips
- Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sagarika D Kannangara
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Itthayakorn Promputtha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Yacoub A, Magnin N, Gerbore J, Haidar R, Bruez E, Compant S, Guyoneaud R, Rey P. The Biocontrol Root-Oomycete, Pythium Oligandrum, Triggers Grapevine Resistance and Shifts in the Transcriptome of the Trunk Pathogenic Fungus, Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186876. [PMID: 32961710 PMCID: PMC7555917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide increase in grapevine trunk diseases, mainly esca, represents a major threat for vineyard sustainability. Biocontrol of a pioneer fungus of esca, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, was investigated here by deciphering the tripartite interaction between this trunk-esca pathogen, grapevine and the biocontrol-oomycete, Pythium oligandrum. When P. oligandrum colonizes grapevine roots, it was observed that the wood necroses caused by P. chlamydospora were significantly reduced. Transcriptomic analyses of plant and fungus responses were performed to determine the molecular events occurring, with the aim to relate P.chlamydospora degradation of wood to gene expression modulation. Following P. oligandrum-root colonization, major transcriptomic changes occurred both, in the grapevine-defense system and in the P. chlamydospore-virulence factors. Grapevine-defense was enhanced in response to P. chlamydospora attacks, with P. oligandrum acting as a plant-systemic resistance inducer, promoting jasmonic/ethylene signaling pathways and grapevine priming. P. chlamydospora pathogenicity genes, such as those related to secondary metabolite biosynthesis, carbohydrate-active enzymes and transcription regulators, were also affected in their expression. Shifts in grapevine responses and key-fungal functions were associated with the reduction of P. chlamydospora wood necroses. This study provides evidence of wood fungal pathogen transcriptional changes induced by a root biocontrol agent, P. oligandrum, in which there is no contact between the two microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Yacoub
- INRAE, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la vigne et du Vin (ISVV), 33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (A.Y.); (N.M.); (R.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Noel Magnin
- INRAE, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la vigne et du Vin (ISVV), 33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (A.Y.); (N.M.); (R.H.); (E.B.)
| | | | - Rana Haidar
- INRAE, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la vigne et du Vin (ISVV), 33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (A.Y.); (N.M.); (R.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Emilie Bruez
- INRAE, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la vigne et du Vin (ISVV), 33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (A.Y.); (N.M.); (R.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Stéphane Compant
- Bioresources Unit, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
| | - Rémy Guyoneaud
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l‘Environnement et les Matériaux—UMR 5254, Microbial Ecology, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour/E2S UPPA/CNRS, IBEAS Avenue de l’Université, 64013 Pau, France;
| | - Patrice Rey
- INRAE, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la vigne et du Vin (ISVV), 33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (A.Y.); (N.M.); (R.H.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Bellée A, Cluzet S, Dufour MC, Mérillon JM, Corio-Costet MF. Comparison of the Impact of Two Molecules on Plant Defense and on Efficacy against Botrytis cinerea in the Vineyard: A Plant Defense Inducer (Benzothiadiazole) and a Fungicide (Pyrimethanil). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:3338-3350. [PMID: 29557656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine is subject to diseases that affect yield and wine quality caused by various pathogens including Botrytis cinerea. To limit the use of fungicides, an alternative is to use plant elicitors such as benzothiadiazole (BTH). We investigated the effect of a fungicide (Pyrimethanil) and an elicitor (benzothiadiazole) on plant defenses. Applications for two consecutive years in the vineyard significantly reduced gray mold. Two and seven days after treatments, the expressions of 48 genes involved in defenses showed differential modulation (up- or down-regulation) depending on treatment. Some genes were identified as potential markers of protection and were linked to an increase in total polyphenols (TP) in leaves. Surprisingly, the fungicide also induced the expression of defense genes and increased the polyphenol content. This suggests that BTH acts as an efficient elicitor in the vineyard and that Pyrimethanil may act, in part, as a defense-inducing agent on the vine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Bellée
- UMR Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (1065), ISVV, Labex Cote, CS 20032 , INRA , 33882 Villenave d'Ornon , France
| | - Stéphanie Cluzet
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Unité de Recherche Œnologie EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, Equipe Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (GESVAB), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, CS 50008 , Université de Bordeaux , 33882 Villenave d'Ornon , France
| | - Marie-Cécile Dufour
- UMR Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (1065), ISVV, Labex Cote, CS 20032 , INRA , 33882 Villenave d'Ornon , France
| | - Jean-Michel Mérillon
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Unité de Recherche Œnologie EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, Equipe Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (GESVAB), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, CS 50008 , Université de Bordeaux , 33882 Villenave d'Ornon , France
| | - Marie-France Corio-Costet
- UMR Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (1065), ISVV, Labex Cote, CS 20032 , INRA , 33882 Villenave d'Ornon , France
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Derevnina L, Dagdas YF, De la Concepcion JC, Bialas A, Kellner R, Petre B, Domazakis E, Du J, Wu CH, Lin X, Aguilera-Galvez C, Cruz-Mireles N, Vleeshouwers VGAA, Kamoun S. Nine things to know about elicitins. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 212:888-895. [PMID: 27582271 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
888 I. 888 II. 889 III. 889 IV. 889 V. 891 VI. 891 VII. 891 VIII. 892 IX. 892 X. 893 XI. 893 893 References 893 SUMMARY: Elicitins are structurally conserved extracellular proteins in Phytophthora and Pythium oomycete pathogen species. They were first described in the late 1980s as abundant proteins in Phytophthora culture filtrates that have the capacity to elicit hypersensitive (HR) cell death and disease resistance in tobacco. Later, they became well-established as having features of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and to elicit defences in a variety of plant species. Research on elicitins culminated in the recent cloning of the elicitin response (ELR) cell surface receptor-like protein, from the wild potato Solanum microdontum, which mediates response to a broad range of elicitins. In this review, we provide an overview on elicitins and the plant responses they elicit. We summarize the state of the art by describing what we consider to be the nine most important features of elicitin biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Derevnina
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Yasin F Dagdas
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - Aleksandra Bialas
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Ronny Kellner
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné weg 10, 50829, Köln, Germany
| | - Benjamin Petre
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Emmanouil Domazakis
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Juan Du
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Ministry of Education National Center for Vegetable Improvement (Central China), Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chih-Hang Wu
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Xiao Lin
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Carolina Aguilera-Galvez
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | | | - Vivianne G A A Vleeshouwers
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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Bruisson S, Maillot P, Schellenbaum P, Walter B, Gindro K, Deglène-Benbrahim L. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis stimulates key genes of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and stilbenoid production in grapevine leaves in response to downy mildew and grey mould infection. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 131:92-99. [PMID: 27623505 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis spp) is susceptible to serious fungal diseases usually controlled by chemical treatments. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate plant symbionts which can stimulate plant defences. We investigated the effect of mycorrhization on grapevine stilbenoid defences. Vitis vinifera cvs Chasselas, Pinot noir and the interspecific hybrid Divico, on the rootstock 41B, were mycorrhized with Rhizophagus irregularis before leaf infection by Plasmopara viticola or Botrytis cinerea. Gene expression analysis showed an up-regulation of PAL, STS, and ROMT, involved in the stilbenoid biosynthesis pathway, in plant leaves, 48 h after pathogen inoculation. This defense response could be potentiated under AMF colonization, with an intensity level depending on the gene, the plant cultivar and/or the pathogen. We also showed that higher amounts of active forms of stilbenoids (i.e trans-form of resveratrol, ε- and δ-viniferins and pterostilbene) were produced in mycorrhized plants of the three genotypes in comparison with non-mycorrhized ones, 10 days post-inoculation with either pathogen. These results support the hypothesis that AMF root colonization enhances defence reactions against a biotrophic and a necrotrophic pathogen, in the aerial parts of grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Bruisson
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies & Environnement, Université de Haute Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, F-68008 Colmar Cedex, France
| | - Pascale Maillot
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies & Environnement, Université de Haute Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, F-68008 Colmar Cedex, France
| | - Paul Schellenbaum
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies & Environnement, Université de Haute Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, F-68008 Colmar Cedex, France
| | - Bernard Walter
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies & Environnement, Université de Haute Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, F-68008 Colmar Cedex, France
| | - Katia Gindro
- Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences IPS, Mycology and Biotechnology, Route de Duillier 50, P.O. Box 1012, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Deglène-Benbrahim
- Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies & Environnement, Université de Haute Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, F-68008 Colmar Cedex, France.
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Gruau C, Trotel-Aziz P, Villaume S, Rabenoelina F, Clément C, Baillieul F, Aziz A. Pseudomonas fluorescens PTA-CT2 Triggers Local and Systemic Immune Response Against Botrytis cinerea in Grapevine. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2015; 28:1117-29. [PMID: 26075828 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-04-15-0092-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Although induced systemic resistance (ISR) is well-documented in the context of plant-beneficial bacteria interactions, knowledge about the local and systemic molecular and biochemical defense responses before or upon pathogen infection in grapevine is very scarce. In this study, we first investigated the capacity of grapevine plants to express immune responses at both above- and below-ground levels upon interaction with a beneficial bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens PTA-CT2. We then explored whether the extent of priming state could contribute to the PTA-CT2-induced ISR in Botrytis cinerea-infected leaves. Our data provide evidence that this bacterium colonized grapevine roots but not the above-ground plant parts and altered the plant phenotype that displayed multiple defense responses both locally and systemically. The grapevine roots and leaves exhibited distinct patterns of defense-related gene expression during root colonization by PTA-CT2. Roots responded faster than leaves and some responses were more strongly upregulated in roots than in leaves and vice versa for other genes. These responses appear to be associated with some induction of cell death in roots and a transient expression of HSR, a hypersensitive response-related gene in both local (roots) and systemic (leaves) tissues. However, stilbenic phytoalexin patterns followed opposite trends in roots compared with leaves but no phytoalexin was exuded during plant-bacterium interaction, suggesting that roots could play an important role in the transfer of metabolites contributing to immune response at the systemic level. Unexpectedly, in B. cinerea-infected leaves PTA-CT2-mediated ISR was accompanied in large part by a downregulation of different defense-related genes, including HSR. Only phytoalexins and glutathion-S-transferase 1 transcripts were upregulated, while the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes was maintained at a higher level than the control. This suggests that decreased expression of HSR, as a marker of cell death, and activation of secondary metabolism pathways could be responsible for a reduced B. cinerea colonization capacity in bacterized plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Gruau
- URVVC EA 4707, SDRP, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
| | - Patricia Trotel-Aziz
- URVVC EA 4707, SDRP, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
| | - Sandra Villaume
- URVVC EA 4707, SDRP, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
| | - Fanja Rabenoelina
- URVVC EA 4707, SDRP, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
| | - Christophe Clément
- URVVC EA 4707, SDRP, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
| | - Fabienne Baillieul
- URVVC EA 4707, SDRP, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
| | - Aziz Aziz
- URVVC EA 4707, SDRP, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
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16
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Ouyang Z, Li X, Huang L, Hong Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Li D, Song F. Elicitin-like proteins Oli-D1 and Oli-D2 from Pythium oligandrum trigger hypersensitive response in Nicotiana benthamiana and induce resistance against Botrytis cinerea in tomato. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2015; 16:238-50. [PMID: 25047132 PMCID: PMC6638515 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The biocontrol agent Pythium oligandrum and its elicitin-like proteins oligandrins have been shown to induce disease resistance in a range of plants. In the present study, the ability of two oligandrins, Oli-D1 and Oli-D2, to induce an immune response and the possible molecular mechanism regulating the defence responses in Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato were investigated. Infiltration of recombinant Oli-D1 and Oli-D2 proteins induced a typical immune response in N. benthamiana including the induction of a hypersensitive response (HR), accumulation of reactive oxygen species and production of autofluorescence. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assays revealed that full-length Oli-D1 and Oli-D2 were required for full HR-inducing activity in N. benthamiana, and virus-induced gene silencing-mediated knockdown of some of the signalling regulatory genes demonstrated that NbSGT1 and NbNPR1 were required for Oli-D1 and Oli-D2 to induce HR in N. benthamiana. Subcellular localization analyses indicated that both Oli-D1 and Oli-D2 were targeted to the plasma membrane of N. benthamiana. When infiltrated or transiently expressed in leaves, Oli-D1 and Oli-D2 induced resistance against Botrytis cinerea in tomato and activated the expression of a set of genes involved in the jasmonic acid/ethylene (JA/ET)-mediated signalling pathway. Our results demonstrate that Oli-D1 and Oli-D2 are effective elicitors capable of inducing immune responses in plants, probably through the JA/ET-mediated signalling pathway, and that both Oli-D1 and Oli-D2 have potential for the development of bioactive formulae for crop disease control in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Ouyang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Nesler A, Perazzolli M, Puopolo G, Giovannini O, Elad Y, Pertot I. A complex protein derivative acts as biogenic elicitor of grapevine resistance against powdery mildew under field conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:715. [PMID: 26442029 PMCID: PMC4585195 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe necator is one of the most important grapevine diseases in several viticulture areas, and high fungicide input is required to control it. However, numerous synthetic chemical pesticides are under scrutiny due to concerns about their impact on human health and the environment. Biopesticides, such as biogenic elicitors, are a promising alternative to chemical fungicides. Although several studies have reported on effective elicitors against grapevine diseases, their efficacy under field conditions has not been investigated extensively or has occurred at rather limited levels. Our goal was to examine the efficacy of a protein-based composition, namely nutrient broth (NB), against powdery mildew under field conditions and to characterize its mechanism of action. Weekly treatments with NB was highly effective in controlling powdery mildew on grapevine across seasons with different disease pressures. The level of disease control achieved with NB was comparable to standard fungicide treatments both on leaves and bunches across three different years. NB has no direct toxic effect on the germination of E. necator conidia, and it activates plant resistance with both systemic and translaminar effect in experiments with artificial inoculation under controlled conditions. NB induced the expression of defense-related genes in grapevine, demonstrating stimulation of plant defense mechanisms, prior to and in the early stages of pathogen infection. NB is a natural derivative from meat and yeast, substances that tend not to raise concerns about toxicological and ecotoxicological properties. NB represents a valid control tool for integrated plant protection programs against powdery mildew, to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides on grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nesler
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Michele Perazzolli
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
- *Correspondence: Michele Perazzolli, Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, San Michele all'Adige 38010, Italy
| | - Gerardo Puopolo
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Oscar Giovannini
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Yigal Elad
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani CenterBet Dagan, Israel
| | - Ilaria Pertot
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
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18
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Daguerre Y, Siegel K, Edel-Hermann V, Steinberg C. Fungal proteins and genes associated with biocontrol mechanisms of soil-borne pathogens: a review. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Gerbore J, Vallance J, Yacoub A, Delmotte F, Grizard D, Regnault-Roger C, Rey P. Characterization of Pythium oligandrum populations that colonize the rhizosphere of vines from the Bordeaux region. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2014; 90:153-67. [PMID: 25041717 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on one oomycete, Pythium oligandrum, well-known for its plant protection abilities, which thrives in microbial environment where bacteria and fungal communities are also present. The genetic structures and dynamics of fungal and bacterial communities were studied in three Bordeaux subregions with various types of soil, using single-strand conformation polymorphism. The structure of the fungal communities colonizing the rhizosphere of vines planted in sandy-stony soils was markedly different from that those planted in silty and sandy soils; such differences were not observed for bacteria. In our 2-year experiment, the roots of all the vine samples were also colonized by echinulated oospore Pythium species, with P. oligandrum predominating. Cytochrome oxidase I and tubulin gene sequencings showed that P. oligandrum strains clustered into three groups. Based on elicitin-like genes coding for proteins able to induce plant resistance, six populations were identified. However, none of these groups was assigned to a particular subregion of Bordeaux vineyards, suggesting that these factors do not shape the genetic structure of P. oligandrum populations. Results showed that different types of rootstock and weeding management both influence root colonization by P. oligandrum. These results should prove particularly useful in improving the management of potentially plant-protective microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Gerbore
- INRA, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), ISVV, Villenave d'Ornon, France; BIOVITIS, Saint Etienne de Chomeil, France; UMR CNRS 5254/IPREM-EEM, IBEAS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Pau, France
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20
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Delaunois B, Farace G, Jeandet P, Clément C, Baillieul F, Dorey S, Cordelier S. Elicitors as alternative strategy to pesticides in grapevine? Current knowledge on their mode of action from controlled conditions to vineyard. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:4837-46. [PMID: 23719689 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Development and optimisation of alternative strategies to reduce the use of classic chemical inputs for protection against diseases in vineyard is becoming a necessity. Among these strategies, one of the most promising consists in the stimulation and/or potentiation of the grapevine defence responses by the means of elicitors. Elicitors are highly diverse molecules both in nature and origins. This review aims at providing an overview of the current knowledge on these molecules and will highlight their potential efficacy from the laboratory in controlled conditions to vineyards. Recent findings and concepts (especially on plant innate immunity) and the new terminology (microbe-associated molecular patterns, effectors, etc.) are also discussed in this context. Other objectives of this review are to highlight the difficulty of transferring elicitors use and results from the controlled conditions to the vineyard, to determine their practical and effective use in viticulture and to propose ideas for improving their efficacy in non-controlled conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Delaunois
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Unité de Recherche Vigne et Vins de Champagne-EA 4707, Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, B.P. 1039, 51687, Reims cedex 02, France
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21
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Gerbore J, Benhamou N, Vallance J, Le Floch G, Grizard D, Regnault-Roger C, Rey P. Biological control of plant pathogens: advantages and limitations seen through the case study of Pythium oligandrum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:4847-60. [PMID: 23695856 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The management of certain plant beneficial microorganisms [biological control agents (BCAs)] seems to be a promising and environmental friendly method to control plant pathogens. However, applications are still limited because of the lack of consistency of BCAs when they are applied in the field. In the present paper, the advantages and limitations of BCAs are seen through the example of Pythium oligandrum, an oomycete that has received much attention in the last decade. The biological control exerted by P. oligandrum is the result of a complex process, which includes direct effects through the control of pathogens and/or indirect effects mediated by P. oligandrum, i.e. induction of resistance and growth promotion. P. oligandrum antagonism is a multifaceted and target fungus-dependent process. Interestingly, it does not seem to disrupt microflora biodiversity on the roots. P. oligandrum has an atypical relationship with the plant because it rapidly penetrates into the root tissues but it cannot stay alive in planta. After root colonisation, because of the elicitation by P. oligandrum of the plant-defence system, plants are protected from a range of pathogens. The management of BCAs, here P. oligandrum, is discussed with regard to its interactions with the incredibly complex agrosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gerbore
- INRA, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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22
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Boček S, Salaš P, Sasková H, Mokričková J. Effect of Alginure® (seaweed extract), Myco-Sin®VIN (sulfuric clay) and Polyversum® (Pythium oligandrum Drechs.) on yield and disease control in organic strawberries. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260080019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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23
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Benhamou N, le Floch G, Vallance J, Gerbore J, Grizard D, Rey P. Pythium oligandrum: an example of opportunistic success. Microbiology (Reading) 2012; 158:2679-2694. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.061457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Benhamou
- Centre de recherche en horticulture, Pavillon de l’ENVIROTRON, 2480 Boulevard Hochelga, Université Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Gaêtan le Floch
- Université Européenne de Bretagne/Université de Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, ESMISAB, 29 820 Plouzané, France
| | - Jessica Vallance
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France et INRA, ISVV, UMR1065 SAVE, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Jonathan Gerbore
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France et INRA, ISVV, UMR1065 SAVE, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | - Patrice Rey
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France et INRA, ISVV, UMR1065 SAVE, F-33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France
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24
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Haggag WM, Abo El Soud M. Production and Optimization of <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> Biomass and Metabolites for Biocontrol of Strawberry Grey Mould. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2012.37101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Horner NR, Grenville-Briggs LJ, van West P. The oomycete Pythium oligandrum expresses putative effectors during mycoparasitism of Phytophthora infestans and is amenable to transformation. Fungal Biol 2011; 116:24-41. [PMID: 22208599 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The oomycete Pythium oligandrum is a mycoparasitic biocontrol agent that is able to antagonise several plant pathogens, and can promote plant growth. In order to test the potential usefulness of P. oligandrum as a biocontrol agent against late blight disease caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, we investigated the interaction between P. oligandrum and Ph. infestans using the green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter gene. A CaCl(2) and polyethylene-glycol-based DNA transformation protocol was developed for P. oligandrum and transformants constitutively expressing GFP were produced. Up to 56 % of P. oligandrum transformants showed both antibiotic resistance and fluorescence. Mycoparasitic interactions, including coiling of P. oligandrum hyphae around Ph. infestans hyphae, were observed with fluorescent microscopy. To gain further insights into the nature of P. oligandrum mycoparasitism, we sequenced 2376 clones from cDNA libraries of P. oligandrum mycelium grown in vitro, or on heat-killed Ph. infestans mycelium as the sole nutrient source. 1219 consensus sequences were obtained including transcripts encoding glucanases, proteases, protease inhibitors, putative effectors and elicitors, which may play a role in mycoparasitism. This represents the first published expressed sequence tag (EST) resource for P. oligandrum and provides a platform for further molecular studies and comparative analysis in the Pythiales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil R Horner
- Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK
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26
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Musetti R, Grisan S, Polizzotto R, Martini M, Paduano C, Osler R. Interactions between 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali' and the apple endophyte Epicoccum nigrum in Catharanthus roseus plants. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 110:746-56. [PMID: 21205105 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.04937.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the ultrastructural and molecular interactions between 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali' and the apple endophyte Epicoccum nigrum in the experimental host Catharanthus roseus to determine whether inoculation of endophyte could trigger defence reactions in the host. METHODS AND RESULTS Apple proliferation (AP) symptom severity was evaluated in AP-grafted plants that were treated by E. nigrum and compared with untreated controls. Phytoplasma concentration was quantified by real-time PCR in treated and untreated plants. Ultrastructural observations revealed that in endophyte-treated periwinkles, modifications to phytoplasmas, such as irregular shape and cytoplasm confined to the periphery of the cell, and plant cytological changes, such as abundant callose depositions and P-protein aggregations in the sieve elements, occurred. AP-grafted plants that were treated by the endophyte (E. nigrum) showed a reduction in symptom severity; in particular, flowers appeared normal in shape and size, when compared with uninfected controls. Real-time PCR indicated that phytoplasma concentration in AP-grafted plants treated with E. nigrum was about 2·8 times lower than that in untreated ones. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that the inoculation with E. nigrum influenced phytoplasma infection in C. roseus plants; plant ultrastructural modifications allowed us to hypothesize an enhancing host defence response. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY At present, curative protocols against this phytoplasma are not available. Alternative approaches are thus required to reduce disease spread. Our study might represent a first step in the clarification of plant-phytoplasma-endophyte relationships to find possible strategies for the control of phytoplasma diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Musetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Protezione delle Piante, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy.
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Zhu LW, Tang YJ. Significance of protein elicitor isolated from Tuber melanosporum on the production of ganoderic acid and Ganoderma polysaccharides during the fermentation of Ganoderma lucidum. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2010; 33:999-1005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-010-0424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Plant systems for recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2009; 20:1025-31. [PMID: 19540353 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Research of the last decade has revealed that plant immunity consists of different layers of defense that have evolved by the co-evolutional battle of plants with its pathogens. Particular light has been shed on PAMP- (pathogen-associated molecular pattern) triggered immunity (PTI) mediated by pattern recognition receptors. Striking similarities exist between the plant and animal innate immune system that point for a common optimized mechanism that has evolved independently in both kingdoms. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) from both kingdoms consist of leucine-rich repeat receptor complexes that allow recognition of invading pathogens at the cell surface. In plants, PRRs like FLS2 and EFR are controlled by a co-receptor SERK3/BAK1, also a leucine-rich repeat receptor that dimerizes with the PRRs to support their function. Pathogens can inject effector proteins into the plant cells to suppress the immune responses initiated after perception of PAMPs by PRRs via inhibition or degradation of the receptors. Plants have acquired the ability to recognize the presence of some of these effector proteins which leads to a quick and hypersensitive response to arrest and terminate pathogen growth.
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Influence of Pythium oligandrum biocontrol on fungal and oomycete population dynamics in the rhizosphere. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:4790-800. [PMID: 19447961 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02643-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal and oomycete populations and their dynamics were investigated following the introduction of the biocontrol agent Pythium oligandrum into the rhizosphere of tomato plants grown in soilless culture. Three strains of P. oligandrum were selected on the basis of their ability to form oospores (resting structures) and to produce tryptamine (an auxin-like compound) and oligandrin (a glycoprotein elicitor). Real-time PCR and plate counting demonstrated the persistence of large amounts of the antagonistic oomycete in the rhizosphere throughout the cropping season (April to September). Inter-simple-sequence-repeat analysis of the P. oligandrum strains collected from root samples at the end of the cropping season showed that among the three strains used for inoculation, the one producing the smallest amount of oospores was detected at 90%. Single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis revealed increases in the number of members and the complexity of the fungal community over time. There were no significant differences between the microbial ecosystems inoculated with P. oligandrum and those that were not treated, except for a reduction of Pythium dissotocum (ubiquitous tomato root minor pathogen) populations in inoculated systems during the last 3 months of culture. These findings raise interesting issues concerning the use of P. oligandrum strains producing elicitor and auxin molecules for plant protection and the development of biocontrol.
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