1
|
Melgarejo TA, Cespedes MK, Chen LF, Turini T, Lazicki PA, Vinchesi-Vahl A, Gilbertson RL. Unusual outbreaks of curly top disease in processing tomato fields in northern California in 2021 and 2022 were caused by a rare strain of beet curly top virus and facilitated by extreme weather events. Virology 2024; 591:109981. [PMID: 38211381 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.109981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
In the western United States, curly top disease (CTD) is caused by beet curly top virus (BCTV). In California, CTD causes economic loss to processing tomato production in central and southern areas but, historically, not in the north. Here, we document unusual CTD outbreaks in processing tomato fields in the northern production area in 2021 and 2022, and show that these were caused by the rare spinach curly top strain (BCTV-SpCT). These outbreaks were associated with proximity of fields to foothills and unusually hot, dry, and windy spring weather conditions, possibly by altering migrations of the beet leafhopper (BLH) vector from locations with BCTV-SpCT reservoirs. Support for this hypothesis came from the failure to observe CTD outbreaks and BLH migrations in 2023, when spring weather conditions were cool and wet. Our results show the climate-induced emergence of a rare plant virus strain to cause an economically important disease in a new crop and location.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas A Melgarejo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, One Shield Avenue, Hutchison Hall 273-274, Davis, CA, 95616, United States.
| | - Margaret K Cespedes
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, One Shield Avenue, Hutchison Hall 273-274, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Li-Fang Chen
- Bayer Crop Science, 37437 CA-16, Woodland, CA, 95695, United States
| | - Thomas Turini
- University of California - Agriculture and Natural Resources, Cooperative Extension Fresno County, 550 E. Shaw Avenue, Suite 210-B, Fresno, CA, 93710, United States
| | - Patricia A Lazicki
- University of California - Agriculture and Natural Resources, Vegetable Crops Advisor, Woodland Administrative Office, 70 Cottonwood Street, Woodland, CA, 95695, United States
| | - Amber Vinchesi-Vahl
- University of New Hampshire, UNH Cooperative Extension Food and Agriculture, 129 Main St., Durham, NH, 03824, United States
| | - Robert L Gilbertson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, One Shield Avenue, Hutchison Hall 273-274, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kulshrestha S, Bhardwaj A, Vanshika. Geminiviruses: Taxonomic Structure and Diversity in Genomic Organization. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2019; 14:86-98. [PMID: 31793424 DOI: 10.2174/1872208313666191203100851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geminiviridae is one of the best-characterized and hence, one of the largest plant-virus families with the highest economic importance. Its members characteristically have a circular ssDNA genome within the encapsidation of twinned quasi-icosaheadral virions (18-38 nm size-range). OBJECTIVE Construction of a narrative review on geminiviruses, to have a clearer picture of their genomic structure and taxonomic status. METHODS A thorough search was conducted for papers and patents regarding geminiviruses, where relevant information was used to study their genomic organization, diversity and taxonomic structure. RESULTS Geminiviruses have been classified into nine genera (viz., genus Begomovirus, Mastrevirus, Curtovirus, Topocuvirus, Becurtovirus, Turncurtovirus, Capulavirus, Eragrovirus and Grablovirus) having distinct genomic organizations, host ranges and insect vectors. Genomic organization of all genera generally shows the presence of 4-6 ORFs encoding for various proteins. For now, Citrus chlorotic dwarf-associated virus (CCDaV), Camellia chlorotic dwarf-associated virus (CaCDaV) and few other geminiviruses are still unassigned to any genera. The monopartite begomoviruses (and few mastreviruses) have been found associated with aplhasatellites and betasatellites (viz., ~1.3 kb circular ssDNA satellites). Recent reports suggest that deltasatellites potentially reduce the accumulation of helper-Begomovirus species in host plants. Some patents have revealed the methods to generate transgenic plants resistant to geminiviruses. CONCLUSION Geminiviruses rapidly evolve and are a highly diverse group of plant-viruses. However, research has shown new horizons in tackling the acute begomoviral diseases in plants by generating a novel bio-control methodology in which deltasatellites can be used as bio-control agents and generate transgenic plants resistant to geminiviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kulshrestha
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan (H.P.), India
| | - Abhishek Bhardwaj
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan (H.P.), India
| | - Vanshika
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan (H.P.), India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Strausbaugh CA, Eujayl IA, Wintermantel WM. Beet curly top virus Strains Associated with Sugar Beet in Idaho, Oregon, and a Western U.S. Collection. PLANT DISEASE 2017; 101:1373-1382. [PMID: 30678603 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-17-0381-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Curly top of sugar beet is a serious, yield-limiting disease in semiarid production areas caused by Beet curly top virus (BCTV) and transmitted by the beet leafhopper. One of the primary means of control for BCTV in sugar beet is host resistance but effectiveness of resistance can vary among BCTV strains. Strain prevalence among BCTV populations was last investigated in Idaho and Oregon during a 2006-to-2007 collection but changes in disease severity suggested a need for reevaluation. Therefore, 406 leaf samples symptomatic for curly top were collected from sugar beet plants in commercial sugar beet fields in Idaho and Oregon from 2012 to 2015. DNA was isolated and BCTV strain composition was investigated based on polymerase chain reaction assays with strain-specific primers for the Severe (Svr) and California/Logan (CA/Logan) strains and primers that amplified a group of Worland (Wor)-like strains. The BCTV strain distribution averaged 2% Svr, 30% CA/Logan, and 87% Wor-like (16% had mixed infections), which differed from the previously published 2006-to-2007 collection (87% Svr, 7% CA/Logan, and 60% Wor-like; 59% mixed infections) based on a contingency test (P < 0.0001). Whole-genome sequencing (GenBank accessions KT276895 to KT276920 and KX867015 to KX867057) with overlapping primers found that the Wor-like strains included Wor, Colorado and a previously undescribed strain designated Kimberly1. Results confirm a shift from Svr being one of the dominant BCTV strains in commercial sugar beet fields in 2006 to 2007 to becoming undetectable at times during recent years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl A Strausbaugh
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, Kimberly, ID 83341
| | - Imad A Eujayl
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, Kimberly, ID 83341
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Chen LF, Vivoda E, Gilbertson RL. Genetic diversity in curtoviruses: a highly divergent strain of Beet mild curly top virus associated with an outbreak of curly top disease in pepper in Mexico. Arch Virol 2011; 156:547-55. [PMID: 21193937 PMCID: PMC3066396 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A full-length curtovirus genome was PCR-amplified and cloned from peppers in Mexico with symptoms of curly top disease. The cloned DNA of this isolate, MX-P24, replicated in Nicotiana tabacum protoplasts and was infectious in N. benthamiana plants. Sequence analysis revealed that the MX-P24 isolate had a typical curtovirus genome organization and was most similar to beet mild curly top virus (BMCTV). However, sequence identities were at the threshold value for establishment of a new curtovirus species. To further investigate the biological properties of MX-P24, an agroinoculation system was generated. Agroinoculated shepherd's purse plants developed typical curly top symptoms, and virus from these plants was transmissible by the beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus). The host range of MX-P24 was similar to that of BMCTV, with curly top symptoms induced in common bean, pepper, pumpkin, shepherd's purse and tomato plants and mild or no symptoms induced in sugar beet plants. Together, these results indicate that MX-P24 is a highly divergent strain of BMCTV associated with an outbreak of curly top disease in peppers in Mexico.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L.-F. Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - E. Vivoda
- Harris Moran Seed Company, 9241 Mace Blvd, Davis, CA 95618 USA
| | - R. L. Gilbertson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Froissart R, Doumayrou J, Vuillaume F, Alizon S, Michalakis Y. The virulence-transmission trade-off in vector-borne plant viruses: a review of (non-)existing studies. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2010; 365:1907-18. [PMID: 20478886 PMCID: PMC2880117 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptive hypothesis invoked to explain why parasites harm their hosts is known as the trade-off hypothesis, which states that increased parasite transmission comes at the cost of shorter infection duration. This correlation arises because both transmission and disease-induced mortality (i.e. virulence) are increasing functions of parasite within-host density. There is, however, a glaring lack of empirical data to support this hypothesis. Here, we review empirical investigations reporting to what extent within-host viral accumulation determines the transmission rate and the virulence of vector-borne plant viruses. Studies suggest that the correlation between within-plant viral accumulation and transmission rate of natural isolates is positive. Unfortunately, results on the correlation between viral accumulation and virulence are very scarce. We found only very few appropriate studies testing such a correlation, themselves limited by the fact that they use symptoms as a proxy for virulence and are based on very few viral genotypes. Overall, the available evidence does not allow us to confirm or refute the existence of a transmission-virulence trade-off for vector-borne plant viruses. We discuss the type of data that should be collected and how theoretical models can help us refine testable predictions of virulence evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Froissart
- Laboratoire Génétique & évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), UMR 2724 CNRS IRD, 911 avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen LF, Brannigan K, Clark R, Gilbertson RL. Characterization of Curtoviruses Associated with Curly Top Disease of Tomato in California and Monitoring for These Viruses in Beet Leafhoppers. PLANT DISEASE 2010; 94:99-108. [PMID: 30754401 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-94-1-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Curly top disease is caused by a complex of curtoviruses (family Geminiviridae), and it continues to plague tomato production in California. To better understand the etiology of curly top of tomatoes in California, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods were developed and used to characterize the curtoviruses involved, and to monitor for these viruses in the beet leafhopper vector, Circulifer tenellus. From 2002 to 2008, 86 processing and fresh market tomato fields in the Central Valley of California were surveyed for the incidence of curly top symptoms. Representative samples with curly top symptoms were collected from the surveyed fields, as well as from another 24 fields. The incidence of curly top symptoms in most fields ranged from trace (<1%) to low (1 to 5%); however, in 2002, 2003, and 2008, some fields had medium (5 to 20%) or high (>20%) incidences. PCR with general and species-specific primers was used to establish that the predominant species associated with tomato curly top disease were Beet mild curly top virus (BMCTV) and, to a lesser extent, Beet severe curly top virus (BSCTV). The incidence, relative amount, and species of curly top virus in leafhoppers, collected at monthly intervals by the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) personnel during 2003 to 2008, was also determined. The predominant species detected were BMCTV and BSCTV. The highest incidences of curly top in tomato fields were associated with high populations of leafhoppers (e.g., in 2003 when populations were two times greater than average) having high incidences and levels of curly top virus early in the growing seasons (e.g., March to May 2003 and 2008). Detection of curly top virus in leafhoppers early in the growing season was consistent with acquisition of virus from reservoir hosts in the foothills. However, continued detection of curly top virus in leafhoppers throughout the growing season and development of curly top in late-planted fresh market tomatoes were consistent with the presence of inoculum sources (e.g., weeds or crop plants) in the agricultural areas of the Central Valley. Geographical locations or "hotspots" having higher proportions of curly top virus-positive leafhoppers were identified, which may reveal areas having high concentrations of curly top virus reservoir hosts. The application of these molecular tools has provided new insight into curly top of tomato in California, and may lead to improved curly top management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fang Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis 95616
| | - Kelly Brannigan
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, Curly Top Virus Control Program, 2895 N. Larkin Ave., Suite A, Fresno 93727
| | - Rod Clark
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, Curly Top Virus Control Program, 2895 N. Larkin Ave., Suite A, Fresno 93727
| | - Robert L Gilbertson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis 95616
| |
Collapse
|