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de Mattos K, Viger RS, Tremblay JJ. Transcription Factors in the Regulation of Leydig Cell Gene Expression and Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:881309. [PMID: 35464056 PMCID: PMC9022205 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.881309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell differentiation and acquisition of specialized functions are inherent steps in events that lead to normal tissue development and function. These processes require accurate temporal, tissue, and cell-specific activation or repression of gene transcription. This is achieved by complex interactions between transcription factors that form a unique combinatorial code in each specialized cell type and in response to different physiological signals. Transcription factors typically act by binding to short, nucleotide-specific DNA sequences located in the promoter region of target genes. In males, Leydig cells play a crucial role in sex differentiation, health, and reproductive function from embryonic life to adulthood. To better understand the molecular mechanisms regulating Leydig cell differentiation and function, several transcription factors important to Leydig cells have been identified, including some previously unknown to this specialized cell type. This mini review summarizes the current knowledge on transcription factors in fetal and adult Leydig cells, describing their roles and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine de Mattos
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Robert S. Viger
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques J. Tremblay
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jacques J. Tremblay,
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2
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Nguyen HT, Najih M, Martin LJ. The AP-1 family of transcription factors are important regulators of gene expression within Leydig cells. Endocrine 2021; 74:498-507. [PMID: 34599696 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02888-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Members of the AP-1 family of transcription factors are immediate early genes being modulated by different extracellular signals. The aim of this review is to highlight the important roles of AP-1 members in transcriptional regulation of genes important for testicular Leydig cell function and male testosterone production. METHODS A search of the relevant literature was performed in Google Scholar and NCBI Pubmed for AP-1 members and Leydig cells. Additional information was accessed from references of relevant articles. Only primary data from original peer-reviewed articles was considered for this review. RESULTS Different signaling pathways important for Leydig cells' functions are involved in the regulation of the activity of AP-1 members. These transcription factors participate in the regulation of genes related to different biological processes important for Leydig cells. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that members of the AP-1 family of transcription factors play critical roles in the regulation of Leydig cell proliferation, steroidogenesis, and cell-to-cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Tuyen Nguyen
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Mustapha Najih
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Luc J Martin
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada.
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3
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Louden ED, Poch A, Kim HG, Ben-Mahmoud A, Kim SH, Layman LC. Genetics of hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism-Human and mouse genes, inheritance, oligogenicity, and genetic counseling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 534:111334. [PMID: 34062169 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, which may be normosmic (nHH) or anosmic/hyposmic, known as Kallmann syndrome (KS), is due to gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency, which results in absent puberty and infertility. Investigation of the genetic basis of nHH/KS over the past 35 years has yielded a substantial increase in our understanding, as variants in 44 genes in OMIM account for ~50% of cases. The first genes for KS (ANOS1) and nHH (GNRHR) were followed by the discovery that FGFR1 variants may cause either nHH or KS. Associated anomalies include midline facial defects, neurologic deficits, cardiac anomalies, and renal agenesis, among others. Mouse models for all but one gene (ANOS1) generally support findings in humans. About half of the known genes implicated in nHH/KS are inherited as autosomal dominant and half are autosomal recessive, whereas only 7% are X-linked recessive. Digenic and oligogenic inheritance has been reported in 2-20% of patients, most commonly with variants in genes that may result in either nHH or KS inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. In vitro analyses have only been conducted for both gene variants in eight cases and for one gene variant in 20 cases. Rigorous confirmation that two gene variants in the same individual cause the nHH/KS phenotype is lacking for most. Clinical diagnosis is probably best accomplished by targeted next generation sequencing of the known candidate genes with confirmation by Sanger sequencing. Elucidation of the genetic basis of nHH/KS has resulted in an enhanced understanding of this disorder, as well as normal puberty, which makes genetic diagnosis clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica D Louden
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Alexandra Poch
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Hyung-Goo Kim
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Afif Ben-Mahmoud
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Soo-Hyun Kim
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Lawrence C Layman
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, & Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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4
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Holota H, Thirouard L, Monrose M, Garcia M, De Haze A, Saru JP, Caira F, Beaudoin C, Volle DH. FXRα modulates leydig cell endocrine function in mouse. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110995. [PMID: 32827571 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary axis exert a major control over endocrine and exocrine testicular functions. The hypothalamic-pituitary axis corresponds to a cascade with the Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone secreted by the hypothalamus, which stimulates the synthesis and the release of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone by the gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary. The LH signaling pathway controls the steroidogenic activity of the Leydig cells via the activation of the luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor. In order to avoid a runaway system, sex steroids exert a negative feedback within hypothalamus and pituitary. Testicular steroidogenesis is locally controlled within Leydig cells. The present work reviews some local regulations of steroidogenesis within the Leydig cells focusing mainly on the roles of the Farnesoid-X-Receptor-alpha and its interactions with several orphan members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Further studies are required to reinforce our knowledge of the regulation of testicular endocrine function, which is necessary to ensure a better understanding of fertility disorders and then proposed an adequate treatment of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Holota
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laura Thirouard
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mélusine Monrose
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Manon Garcia
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Angélique De Haze
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Paul Saru
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Françoise Caira
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claude Beaudoin
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David H Volle
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Duan P, Huang X, Ha M, Li L, Liu C. miR-142-5p/DAX1-dependent regulation of P450c17 contributes to triclosan-mediated testosterone suppression. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:137280. [PMID: 32084696 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a potent antibacterial and antifungal compound that is extensively used in various daily products. TCS is also considered as an underlying endocrine disruptor and has anti-androgenic effects. In our previous work, we found that TCS suppressed testicular steroidogenesis via the miR-6321/JNK/Nur77 cascade, but roles of the abnormal expression of miR-142-5p and P450c17 in this molecular event were still unknown. Therefore, to verify the hypothesis that miR-142-5p and P450c17 might significantly function in other manner in testosterone decline after TCS exposure, Sprague-Dawley rats and the rat Leydig cell line were used in this study. Results showed that after TCS exposure, testicular histomorphology was abnormally changed and testosterone level was declined. Overexpressed miR-142-5p by TCS directly targeted the JAK1/STAT1 pathway. Bidirectional Co-IP assays and the use of STAT1 activator demonstrated that STAT1 could interact with and regulate Sp1. The activity, mRNA level, and protein expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3β were all decreased after TCS treatment. Sp1 silencing, ChIP, and qPCR assays showed that Sp1 regulated DNMT1 expressions by directly binding to the promoter region of DNMT1. Though the DNA methylation status of the DAX1 promoter was not affected, TCS induced the transcription and translation of DAX1 by DNMT1, in turn leading to the inhibition of steroidogenic P450c17. Taken together, TCS-induced miR-142-5p inhibits P450c17 by the JAK1/STAT1 pathway and downstream Sp1/DNMT1/DAX1 cascade, finally facilitating the decrease in testosterone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Duan
- Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology and Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei Province 441000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Xu Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Mei Ha
- School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Lianbing Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Changjiang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 400020, China.
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6
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Baptissart M, Martinot E, Vega A, Sédes L, Rouaisnel B, de Haze A, Baron S, Schoonjans K, Caira F, Volle DH. Bile acid-FXRα pathways regulate male sexual maturation in mice. Oncotarget 2017; 7:19468-82. [PMID: 26848619 PMCID: PMC4991395 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bile acid receptor Farnesol-X-Receptor alpha (FRXα) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. FRXα is expressed in the interstitial compartment of the adult testes, which contain the Leydig cells. In adult, short term treatment (12 hours) with FRXα agonist inhibits the expression of steroidogenic genes via the induction of the Small heterodimer partner (SHP). However the consequences of FRXα activation on testicular pathophysiology have never been evaluated. We demonstrate here that mice fed a diet supplemented with bile acid during pubertal age show increased incidence of infertility. This is associated with altered differentiation and increase apoptosis of germ cells due to lower testosterone levels. At the molecular level, next to the repression of basal steroidogenesis via the induction expression of Shp and Dax-1, two repressors of steroidogenesis, the main action of the BA-FRXα signaling is through lowering the Leydig cell sensitivity to the hypothalamo-pituitary axis, the main regulator of testicular endocrine function. In conclusion, BA-FRXα signaling is a critical actor during sexual maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Baptissart
- INSERM U 1103, Laboratoire GReD, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, GReD, F-63178 Aubière, France.,CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, F-63178 Aubière, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuelle Martinot
- INSERM U 1103, Laboratoire GReD, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, GReD, F-63178 Aubière, France.,CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, F-63178 Aubière, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aurélie Vega
- INSERM U 1103, Laboratoire GReD, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, GReD, F-63178 Aubière, France.,CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, F-63178 Aubière, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lauriane Sédes
- INSERM U 1103, Laboratoire GReD, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, GReD, F-63178 Aubière, France.,CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, F-63178 Aubière, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Betty Rouaisnel
- INSERM U 1103, Laboratoire GReD, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, GReD, F-63178 Aubière, France.,CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, F-63178 Aubière, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Angélique de Haze
- INSERM U 1103, Laboratoire GReD, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, GReD, F-63178 Aubière, France.,CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, F-63178 Aubière, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Silvère Baron
- INSERM U 1103, Laboratoire GReD, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, GReD, F-63178 Aubière, France.,CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, F-63178 Aubière, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Françoise Caira
- INSERM U 1103, Laboratoire GReD, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, GReD, F-63178 Aubière, France.,CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, F-63178 Aubière, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David H Volle
- INSERM U 1103, Laboratoire GReD, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, TSA 60026, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, GReD, F-63178 Aubière, France.,CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, F-63178 Aubière, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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7
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Martin LJ. Cell interactions and genetic regulation that contribute to testicular Leydig cell development and differentiation. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 83:470-87. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luc J. Martin
- Department of Biology; Université de Moncton; Moncton New-Brunswick Canada
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8
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Overexpression of PRL7D1 in Leydig Cells Causes Male Reproductive Dysfunction in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010096. [PMID: 26771609 PMCID: PMC4730338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolactin family 7, subfamily d, member 1 (PRL7D1) is found in mouse placenta. Our recent work showed that PRL7D1 is also present in mouse testis Leydig cells, and the expression of PRL7D1 in the testis exhibits an age-related increase. In the present study, we generated transgenic mice with Leydig cell-specific PRL7D1 overexpression to explore its function during male reproduction. Prl7d1 male mice exhibited subfertility as reflected by reduced sperm counts and litter sizes. The testes from Prl7d1 transgenic mice appeared histologically normal, but the frequency of apoptotic germ cells was increased. Prl7d1 transgenic mice also had lower testosterone concentrations than wild-type mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that Prl7d1 transgenic mice have defects in the testicular expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) and hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase cluster (HSD3B). Further studies revealed that PRL7D1 overexpression affected the expression of transferrin (TF) in Sertoli cells. These results suggest that PRL7D1 overexpression could lead to increased germ cell apoptosis and exert an inhibitory effect on testosterone production in Leydig cells by reducing the expression of certain steroidogenic-related genes. In addition, PRL7D1 appears to have important roles in the function of Sertoli cells, which, in turn, affects male fertility. We conclude that the expression level of PRL7D1 is associated with the reproductive function of male mice.
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Hu Q, Guo W, Gao Y, Tang R, Li D. Molecular cloning and characterization of amh and dax1 genes and their expression during sex inversion in rice-field eel Monopterus albus. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16667. [PMID: 26578091 PMCID: PMC4649613 DOI: 10.1038/srep16667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The full-length cDNAs of amh and dax1 in the hermaphrodite, rice-field eel (Monopterus albus), were cloned and characterized in this study. Multiple sequence alignment revealed Dax1 was well conserved among vertebrates, whereas Amh had a low degree of similarity between different vertebrates. Their expression profiles in gonads during the course of sex inversion and tissues were investigated. The tissue distribution indicated amh was expressed mostly in gonads and was scarcely detectable in other tissues, whereas the expression of dax1 was widespread among the different tissues, especially liver and gonads. amh was scarcely detectable in ovaries whereas it was abundantly expressed in both ovotestis and testis. By contrast, dax1 was highly expressed in ovaries, especially in ♀IV (ovaries in IV stage), but it was decreased significantly in ♀/♂I (ovotestis in I stage). Its expression was increased again in ♀/♂III (ovotestis in III stage), and then decreased to a low level in testis. These significant different expression patterns of amh and dax1 suggest the increase of amh expression and the decline of dax1 expression are important for the activation of testis development, and the high level of amh and a low level of dax1 expression are necessary for maintenance of testis function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu Gao
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rong Tang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Life Science College, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China.,Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
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10
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Vega A, Martinot E, Baptissart M, De Haze A, Saru JP, Baron S, Caira F, Schoonjans K, Lobaccaro JMA, Volle DH. Identification of the link between the hypothalamo-pituitary axis and the testicular orphan nuclear receptor NR0B2 in adult male mice. Endocrinology 2015; 156:660-9. [PMID: 25426871 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The small heterodimer partner (SHP, nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 2; NR0B2) is an atypical nuclear receptor known mainly for its role in bile acid homeostasis in the enterohepatic tract. We previously showed that NR0B2 controls testicular functions such as testosterone synthesis. Moreover, NR0B2 mediates the deleterious testicular effects of estrogenic endocrine disruptors leading to infertility. The endocrine homeostasis is essential for health, because it controls many physiological functions. This is supported by a large number of studies demonstrating that alterations of steroid activity lead to several kinds of diseases such as obesity and infertility. Within the testis, the functions of the Leydig cells are mainly controlled by the hypothalamo-pituitary axis via LH/chorionic gonadotropin (CG). Here, we show that LH/CG represses Nr0b2 expression through the protein kinase A-AMP protein kinase pathway. Moreover, using a transgenic mouse model invalidated for Nr0b2, we point out that NR0B2 mediates the repression of testosterone synthesis and subsequent germ cell apoptosis induced by exposure to anti-GnRH compound. Together, our data demonstrate a new link between hypothalamo-pituitary axis and NR0B2 in testicular androgen metabolism, making NR0B2 a major actor of testicular physiology in case of alteration of LH/CG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Vega
- Inserm Unit 1103 (A.V., E.M., M.B., A.D.H., J.-P.S., S.B., F.C., J.-M.A.L., D.H.V.), Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Boîte Postale 80026; Clermont Université (A.V., E.M., M.B., A.D.H., J.-P.S., S.B., F.C., J.-M.A.L., D.H.V.), Université Blaise Pascal, GReD; and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (A.V., E.M., M.B., A.D.H., J.-P.S., S.B., F.C., J.-M.A.L., D.H.V.), Unité Mixte de recherche 6293, GReD, F-63170 Aubière Cedex, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (A.V., E.M., M.B., A.D.H., J.-P.S., S.B., F.C., J.-M.A.L., D.H.V.), F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France; and Institute of Bioengineering (K.S.), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Stickels R, Clark K, Heider TN, Mattiske DM, Renfree MB, Pask AJ. DAX1/NR0B1 Was Expressed During Mammalian Gonadal Development and Gametogenesis Before It Was Recruited to the Eutherian X Chromosome1. Biol Reprod 2015; 92:22. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.119362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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12
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Sokanovic SJ, Janjic MM, Stojkov NJ, Baburski AZ, Bjelic MM, Andric SA, Kostic TS. Age related changes of cAMP and MAPK signaling in Leydig cells of Wistar rats. Exp Gerontol 2014; 58:19-29. [PMID: 25019473 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Here, we chronologically analyzed age-associated changes of cAMP- and MAPK-signaling in Leydig cells (LCs) in relation with decreased testosterone (T) production. In Wistar rats, decreased serum T observed in 12 to 24-month-old rats was not related to decreased serum LH concentration but to reduced luteinizing hormone receptor (Lhr/LHR) and time-coordinated reduction of steroidogenic gene expression (decreased Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1 in 12-month-old rats followed by decreased Star/StAR, Hsd3b/HSD3B, Hsd17b4, and increased Cyp19a1 later in life). The predecessors of age-related changes noted in LCs from 6 to 12-month-old rats were increased level of soluble adenylate cyclase (Adcy/AC) 10, increased JNK phosphorylation but suppressed P38 MAPK. At approximately the same time changed mRNA abundance for transcription factors important for steroidogenesis was detected (increased Nur77 and decreased Sf1, Dax1). Aging caused biphasic expression pattern of ERK1/2 and Nur77: increased in 12-month but decreased in LCs from 24-month-old rats. Further, decreased basal cAMP level observed from 12 to 24th month coincidence with increased expression of cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (Pde)4a, Pde4b and regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (Prkar/PKAR). Exposing of senescent LCs to permeable cAMP-analog improved transcription of Sf1, Nur77, Star, Cyp11a1,Cyp17a1, but without effect on aging pattern of Dax1, Pde4a/b, Prkar2a, Lhr and MAPK genes. Collectively, results indicated that age-related LC dysfunction is accompanied with changes in MAPK and cAMP signaling and coordinated reduction in the expression of many of the genes that participate in T synthesis. The predecessors of aged-related changes are increased ratio of pJNK/JNK, AC10 and decreased P38 level in LCs from 6-month-old rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Sokanovic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - M M Janjic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - N J Stojkov
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - A Z Baburski
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - M M Bjelic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - S A Andric
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - T S Kostic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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13
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Role of Orphan Nuclear Receptor DAX-1/NR0B1 in Development, Physiology, and Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/582749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
DAX-1/NR0B1 is an unusual orphan receptor that has a pivotal role in the development and function of steroidogenic tissues and of the reproductive axis. Recent studies have also indicated that this transcription factor has an important function in stem cell biology and in several types of cancer. Here I critically review the most important findings on the role of DAX-1 in development, physiology, and disease of endocrine tissues since the cloning of its gene twenty years ago.
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14
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Maqdasy S, Baptissart M, Vega A, Baron S, Lobaccaro JMA, Volle DH. Cholesterol and male fertility: what about orphans and adopted? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 368:30-46. [PMID: 22766106 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The link between cholesterol homeostasis and male fertility has been clearly suggested in patients who suffer from hyperlipidemia and metabolic syndrome. This has been confirmed by the generation of several transgenic mouse models or in animals fed with high cholesterol diet. Next to the alteration of the endocrine signaling pathways through steroid receptors (androgen and estrogen receptors); "orphan" and "adopted" nuclear receptors, such as the Liver X Receptors (LXRs), the Proliferating Peroxisomal Activated Receptors (PPARs) or the Liver Receptor Homolog-1 (LRH-1), have been involved in this cross-talk. These transcription factors show distinct expression patterns in the male genital tract, explaining the large panel of phenotypes observed in transgenic male mice and highlighting the importance of lipid homesostasis and the complexity of the molecular pathways involved. Increasing our knowledge of the roles of these nuclear receptors in male germ cell differentiation could help in proposing new approaches to either treat infertile men or define new strategies for contraception.
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Ludbrook LM, Bernard P, Bagheri-Fam S, Ryan J, Sekido R, Wilhelm D, Lovell-Badge R, Harley VR. Excess DAX1 leads to XY ovotesticular disorder of sex development (DSD) in mice by inhibiting steroidogenic factor-1 (SF1) activation of the testis enhancer of SRY-box-9 (Sox9). Endocrinology 2012; 153:1948-58. [PMID: 22294746 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human DAX1 duplications cause dosage-sensitive sex reversal (DSS) whereby chromosomally XY individuals can develop as females due to gonadal dysgenesis. However, the mechanism of DSS-adrenal hypoplasia congenita on X, gene 1 (DAX1) action in the fetal testis is unknown. We show that in fetal testes from XY Dax1-overexpressing transgenic mice, the expression of the key testis-promoting gene sex-determining region on Y (SRY)-box-9 (Sox9) is reduced. Moreover, in XY Sox9 heterozygotes, in which testis development is usually normal, Dax1 overexpression results in ovotestes, suggesting a DAX1-SOX9 antagonism. The ovarian portion of the XY ovotestes was characterized by expression of the granulosa cell marker, Forkhead box-L2, with complete loss of the Sertoli cell markers, SOX9 and anti-Müllerian hormone, and the Leydig cell marker CYP17A1. However, the expression of SRY and steroidogenic factor-1 (SF1), two key transcriptional regulators of Sox9, was retained in the ovarian portion of the XY ovotestes. Using reporter mice, Dax1 overexpression reduced activation of TES, the testis enhancer of Sox9, indicating that DAX1 might repress Sox9 expression via TES. In cultured cells, increasing levels of DAX1 antagonized SF1-, SF1/SRY-, and SF1/SOX9-mediated activation of TES, due to reduced binding of SF1 to TES, providing a likely mechanism for DSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa M Ludbrook
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
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16
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Lardone MC, Parada-Bustamante A, Ebensperger M, Valdevenito R, Kakarieka E, Martinez D, Pommer R, Piottante A, Castro A. DAX-1 and DAX-1A expression in human testicular tissues with primary spermatogenic failure. Mol Hum Reprod 2011; 17:739-46. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gar051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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17
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Abstract
Despite its significant role in oocyte generation and hormone production in adulthood, the ovary, with regard to its formation, has received little attention compared to its male counterpart, the testis. With the exception of germ cells, which undergo a female-specific pattern of meiosis, morphological changes in the fetal ovary are subtle. Over the past 40 years, a number of hypotheses have been proposed for the organogenesis of the mammalian ovary. It was not until the turn of the millennium, thanks to the advancement of genetic and genomic approaches, that pathways for ovary organogenesis that consist of positive and negative regulators have started to emerge. Through the action of secreted factors (R-spondin1, WNT4, and follistatin) and transcription regulators (beta-catenin and FOXL2), the developmental fate of the somatic cells is directed toward ovarian, while testicular components are suppressed. In this chapter, we review the history of studying ovary organogenesis in mammals and present the most recent discoveries using the mouse as the model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Feng Liu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
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18
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Kim T, Choi H, Ryu B, Gang G, Kim S, Koo D, Kim J, Han J, Park C, Her S, Lee D. Real-time in vivo bioluminescence imaging of lentiviral vector–mediated gene transfer in mouse testis. Theriogenology 2010; 73:129-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chow JDY, Simpson ER, Boon WC. Alternative 5'-untranslated first exons of the mouse Cyp19A1 (aromatase) gene. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 115:115-25. [PMID: 19500729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The human aromatase gene (CYP19A1) has eleven tissue-specific untranslated first exons, while only three have been described in the mouse Cyp19A1 namely brain-, ovary- and testis-specific exons 1. The present study aims to elucidate the complete structure of the mouse Cyp19A1 gene. We detected aromatase transcripts in mouse bone, aorta, hypothalamus, adipose, gonads and placenta, but not nulliparous mammary fat pad. BestFit algorithm analysis against the human CYP19A1 has identified ten putative first exons upstream of mouse Cyp19A1. Based on these putative sequences, we were able to design specific primers for RT-PCR and detected for the first time, the presence of exons I.4 and I.3 in murine fat and gonads, respectively. These are novel 5'UTRs of mouse Cyp19A1. Using RT-PCR and 5' RACE, we confirmed the expression of exon 1f in the hypothalamus and proximal exon P2 in the ovary. The testis-specific exon 1 begins 217bp further upstream than previously reported. Putative exons 2a, I.5, I.7, I.6 and I.2 were not detected in mouse tissues. Therefore, we showed that mouse Cyp19A1 contains more tissue-specific first exons than previously thought and displays a similar genomic organization to human CYP19A1.
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20
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Barsoum I, Yao HHC. The road to maleness: from testis to Wolffian duct. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2006; 17:223-8. [PMID: 16822678 PMCID: PMC4073594 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2006.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Revised: 06/13/2006] [Accepted: 06/21/2006] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of the male internal reproductive system involves two crucial events: the formation of the testis and the maintenance and differentiation of the Wolffian duct. Testis formation, particularly the specification of Sertoli cell and Leydig cell lineages, is controlled strictly by genetic components initiated by the testis-determining gene SRY (sex-determining region of the Y chromosome). Conversely, Wolffian duct differentiation is not directly mediated via the composition of the sex chromosome or SRY; instead, it relies on androgens derived from the Leydig cells. Leydig cells do not express SRY, indicating that a crosstalk must be present between the SRY-positive Sertoli and Leydig cells to ensure normal androgen production. Recent advancement of genetic and genomic approaches has unveiled the molecular pathways for differentiation of Sertoli cells and Leydig cells as well as development of the Wolffian duct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivraym Barsoum
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology and Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
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21
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Mantovani G, Mancini M, Gazzano G, Spada A, Colpi GM, Beck-Peccoz P, Persani L. Somatic mutational analysis of DAX1 in testes from men with idiopathic azoospermia. Fertil Steril 2005; 84:1542-4. [PMID: 16275267 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2004] [Revised: 05/09/2005] [Accepted: 05/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the orphan nuclear receptor DAX1 (NR0B1) cause X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenital (AHC), a disorder characterized by primary adrenal failure, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. and azoospermia. We tested the hypothesis that DAX1 somatic mutations in human testis may cause azoospermia. DAX1 sequencing analysis in 15 testicular biopsy samples from men with idiopathic nonobstructive azoospermia did not reveal mutations in the coding region of the gene. We conclude that somatic abnormalities in DAX1 are absent or uncommon in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Mantovani
- Institute of Endocrine Sciences, University of Milan, Ospedale Maggiore IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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22
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Naciff JM, Hess KA, Overmann GJ, Torontali SM, Carr GJ, Tiesman JP, Foertsch LM, Richardson BD, Martinez JE, Daston GP. Gene expression changes induced in the testis by transplacental exposure to high and low doses of 17{alpha}-ethynyl estradiol, genistein, or bisphenol A. Toxicol Sci 2005; 86:396-416. [PMID: 15901920 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfi198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the transcriptional program elicited by exposure to three estrogen receptor (ER) agonists: 17 alpha-ethynyl estradiol (EE), genistein (Ges), and bisphenol A (BPA) during fetal development of the rat testis and epididymis; and (2) whether very low dosages of estrogens (evaluated over five orders of magnitude of dosage) produce unexpected changes in gene expression (i.e., a non-monotonic dose-response curve). In three independently conducted experiments, Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed (sc) with 0.001-10 microg EE/kg/day, 0.001-100 mg Ges/kg/day, or 0.002-400 mg BPA/kg/day. While morphological changes in the developing reproductive system were not observed, the gene expression profile of target tissues were modified in a dose-responsive manner. Independent dose-response analyses of the three studies identified 59 genes that are significantly modified by EE, 23 genes by Ges, and 15 genes by BPA (out of 8740), by at least 1.5 fold (up- or down-regulated). Even more genes were observed to be significantly changed when only the high dose is compared with all lower doses: 141, 46, and 67 genes, respectively. Global analyses aimed at detecting genes consistently modified by all of the chemicals identified 50 genes whose expression changed in the same direction across the three chemicals. The dose-response curve for gene expression changes was monotonic for each chemical, with both the number of genes significantly changed and the magnitude of change, for each gene, decreasing with decreasing dose. Using the available annotation of the gene expression changes induced by ER-agonist, our data suggest that a variety of cellular pathways are affected by estrogen exposure. These results indicate that gene expression data are diagnostic of mode of action and, if they are evaluated in the context of traditional toxicological end-points, can be used to elucidate dose-response characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M Naciff
- Miami Valley Innovation Center, The Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio 45253, USA.
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23
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Yao HH, Matzuk MM, Jorgez CJ, Menke DB, Page DC, Swain A, Capel B. Follistatin operates downstream of Wnt4 in mammalian ovary organogenesis. Dev Dyn 2005; 230:210-5. [PMID: 15162500 PMCID: PMC4046253 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt4(-/-) XX gonads display features normally associated with testis differentiation, suggesting that WNT4 actively represses elements of the male pathway during ovarian development. Here, we show that follistatin (Fst), which encodes a TGFbeta superfamily binding protein, is a downstream component of Wnt4 signaling. Fst inhibits formation of the XY-specific coelomic vessel in XX gonads. In addition, germ cells in the ovarian cortex are almost completely lost in both Wnt4 and Fst null gonads before birth. Thus, we propose that WNT4 acts through FST to regulate vascular boundaries and maintain germ cell survival in the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humphrey H.C. Yao
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Martin M. Matzuk
- Departments of Pathology, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Molecular and Human Genetics, and Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Carolina J. Jorgez
- Departments of Pathology, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Molecular and Human Genetics, and Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Douglas B. Menke
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Whitehead Institute, and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David C. Page
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Whitehead Institute, and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Amanda Swain
- Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom
| | - Blanche Capel
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Correspondence to: Blanche Capel, Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708.
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24
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Iyer AK, McCabe ERB. Molecular mechanisms of DAX1 action. Mol Genet Metab 2004; 83:60-73. [PMID: 15464421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2004.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2004] [Revised: 07/12/2004] [Accepted: 07/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
DAX1 (dosage sensitive sex reversal (DSS), adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) critical region on the X chromosome, gene 1) encoded by the gene NR0B1, is an unusual orphan nuclear receptor that when mutated causes AHC with associated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), and when duplicated causes DSS. DAX1 expression has been shown in all regions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-gonadal (HPAG) axis during development and in adult tissues, suggesting a critical role for DAX1 in the normal development and function of this axis. Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1, NR5A1) knockout mice show similar developmental defects as AHC and HH patients, but paradoxically, DAX1 is a negative coregulator of SF1 transactivation. The function of DAX1 as an antagonist of SF1 in gonadal development is consistent with the fact that in humans, duplication of the region of the X chromosome containing DAX1 causes a similar phenotype as mutations in SF1. However, how disruption of DAX1 leads to adrenal, hypothalamic, and pituitary developmental defects similar to SF1 disruption remains to be clarified. The exact mechanism of DAX1 action in each of these tissues during adulthood and critical stages of development are not fully understood. Recent evidence suggests a broader functional role for DAX1 as a negative coregulator of estrogen receptor (ER, NR3A1-2), liver receptor homologue-1 (LRH-1, NR5A2), androgen receptor (AR, NR3C4), and progesterone receptor (PR, NR3C3), each by distinct repression mechanisms. DAX1 may have pleiotropic roles in addition to its function as a negative regulator of steroidogenesis during the development and adult function of the HPAG axis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- DAX-1 Orphan Nuclear Receptor
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Homeodomain Proteins
- Humans
- Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Ovary/growth & development
- Ovary/physiology
- Pituitary-Adrenal System/physiology
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/genetics
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/physiology
- Repressor Proteins/physiology
- Sex Determination Processes
- Steroidogenic Factor 1
- Testis/growth & development
- Testis/physiology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita K Iyer
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Brennan J, Capel B. One tissue, two fates: molecular genetic events that underlie testis versus ovary development. Nat Rev Genet 2004; 5:509-21. [PMID: 15211353 DOI: 10.1038/nrg1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Brennan
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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26
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Alam H, Maizels ET, Park Y, Ghaey S, Feiger ZJ, Chandel NS, Hunzicker-Dunn M. Follicle-stimulating hormone activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is necessary for induction of select protein markers of follicular differentiation. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:19431-40. [PMID: 14982927 PMCID: PMC1564189 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m401235200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to elucidate the role of AKT in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-mediated granulosa cell (GC) differentiation. Our results define a signaling pathway in GCs whereby the inactivating phosphorylation of tuberin downstream of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase/AKT activity leads to Rheb (Ras homolog enriched in brain) and subsequent mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) activation. mTOR then stimulates translation by phosphorylating p70 S6 kinase and, consequently, the 40 S ribosomal protein S6. Activation of this pathway is required for FSH-mediated induction of several follicular differentiation markers, including luteinizing-hormone receptor (LHR), inhibin-alpha, microtubule-associated protein 2D, and the PKA type IIbeta regulatory subunit. FSH also promotes activation of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). FSH-stimulated HIF-1 activity is inhibited by the PI 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002, the Rheb inhibitor FTI-277 (farnesyltransferase inhibitor-277), and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. Finally, we find that the FSH-mediated up-regulation of reporter activities for LHR, inhibin-alpha, and vascular endothelial growth factor is dependent upon HIF-1 activity, because a dominant negative form of HIF-1alpha interferes with the up-regulation of these genes. These results show that FSH enhances HIF-1 activity downstream of the PI 3-kinase/AKT/Rheb/mTOR pathway in GCs and that HIF-1 activity is necessary for FSH to induce multiple follicular differentiation markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hena Alam
- From the Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology and
| | | | - Youngkyu Park
- From the Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology and
| | - Shail Ghaey
- From the Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology and
| | | | - Navdeep S. Chandel
- Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Mary Hunzicker-Dunn
- From the Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology and
- ¶ To whom correspondence should be addressed: 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611. Tel.: 312-503-8940; Fax: 312-503-0566; E-mail:
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27
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Walz K, Fonseca P, Lupski JR. Animal models for human contiguous gene syndromes and other genomic disorders. Genet Mol Biol 2004. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572004000300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James R. Lupski
- Baylor College of Medicine, USA; Baylor College of Medicine, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, USA
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