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Hayden CB, Sala RV, Pereira DC, Moreno JF, García-Guerra A. Effect of use and dosage of p-follicle-stimulating hormone for ovarian superstimulation before ovum pick-up and in vitro embryo production in pregnant Holstein heifers. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8110-8121. [PMID: 37641305 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The benefit of ovarian superstimulation using exogenous FSH before ovum pick-up (OPU) and in vitro embryo production (IVEP) has been the subject of conflicting results. The objective of the present study, therefore, was to evaluate the effect of use and dose of porcine FSH (p-FSH) before OPU/IVEP on ovarian response and embryo production in pregnant heifers. Pregnant Holstein heifers (n = 48) were randomly assigned to receive 0, 160, or 300 mg NIH-FSH-P1 in a crossover design. Ovum pick-up was performed at 49, 63, and 77 d of gestation with a 14 d "washout" between OPU sessions. Follicle ablation was performed on D 0 (p.m.) and p-FSH treatments, consisting of 4 decreasing dose injections administered 12 h apart, were initiated 36 h after follicle ablation (d 2 a.m.). Heifers underwent OPU on D 5 (a.m.), 40 h after the last p-FSH treatment, and cumulus oocyte complexes (COC) were subjected to IVEP procedures. Differences between treatment groups were evaluated using generalized linear mixed models. There were quadratic effects of treatment on both number and percentage of small (<6 mm), medium (6-10 mm), and large (>10 mm) follicles. Number and percentage of medium follicles increased with increasing p-FSH dosages, although the magnitude of the change was greater between 0 and 160 mg, than between 160 and 300 mg of p-FSH. Total number of follicles, number of COC recovered and number of viable COC increased linearly with increasing p-FSH dose. Conversely, there was no evidence for an effect of p-FSH dose on COC recovery percentage nor the percentage of viable COC. Cleavage percentage, number of cleaved oocytes, blastocyst percentage, and number of blastocysts increased linearly with increasing p-FSH dose. In conclusion, use of p-FSH before OPU resulted in greater superstimulatory response and oocyte competence which in turn increased IVEP. Furthermore, these effects were dose dependent such that use of a greater dose of p-FSH up to 300 mg progressively increased embryo yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron B Hayden
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Rodrigo V Sala
- STgenetics, The Ohio Heifer Center, South Charleston, OH 45368
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Xu X, Bai J, Liu K, Xiao L, Qin Y, Gao M, Liu Y. Association of Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders with Bovine Ovarian Follicular Cysts. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3301. [PMID: 37958056 PMCID: PMC10650672 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
After estrus, when mature follicles fail to ovulate, they may further develop to form follicular cysts, affecting the normal function of ovaries, reducing the reproductive efficiency of dairy cows and causing economic losses to cattle farms. However, the key points of ovarian follicular cysts pathogenesis remain largely unclear. The purpose of the current research was to analyze the formation mechanism of ovarian follicular cysts from hormone and gene expression profiles. The concentrations of progesterone (P4), estradiol (E2), insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), leptin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and ghrelin in follicle fluid from bovine follicular cysts and normal follicles were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or 125I-labeled radioimmunoassay (RIA); the corresponding receptors' expression of theca interna cells was tested via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the mRNA expression profiling was analyzed via RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The results showed that the follicular cysts were characterized by significant lower E2, insulin, IGF1 and leptin levels but elevated ACTH and ghrelin levels compared with normal follicles (p < 0.05). The mRNA expressions of corresponding receptors, PGR, ESR1, ESR2, IGF1R, LEPR, IGFBP6 and GHSR, were similarly altered significantly (p < 0.05). RNA-seq identified 2514 differential expressed genes between normal follicles and follicular cysts. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis linked the ovarian steroidogenesis pathway, especially the STAR, 3β-HSD, CYP11A1 and CYP17A1 genes, to the formation of follicular cysts (p < 0.01). These results indicated that hormone metabolic disorders and abnormal expression levels of hormone synthesis pathway genes are associated with the formation of bovine ovarian follicular cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.X.); (J.B.); (K.L.); (L.X.); (Y.Q.); (M.G.)
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Treatment of Inactive Ovaries of Holstein Dairy Cows by Epidural Injection of GnRH Analogue (Receptal) and Its Impact on the Reproductive Hormones, Oxidant/Antioxidant Profile and Micro and Macro-Elements Profile. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040653. [PMID: 36830440 PMCID: PMC9951676 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate a new therapeutic approach for inactive ovaries based on the epidural administration of a GnRH agonist (Receptal) and an investigation of the impact of this treatment on the hormonal, oxidant/antioxidant and micro- and macro-element profiles. Sixty cows with postpartum anestrus were divided into two groups: the first group (group Repid, n = 30) was administered an epidural injection of Receptal, while the second group (group Cepid, n = 30) received saline and was considered the control group. Evaluation of hormonal (progesterone, FSH, LH, testosterone, and cortisol), oxidant/antioxidant (MDA, SOD, GPx and TAC) as well as micro- and macroelement (calcium, phosphorus, manganese and magnesium) profiles was done in serum. The results showed that the epidural injection of Receptal has the potential to induce estrus response and conception incidence in treated cows. Compared to the control group, progesterone, FSH, and LH concentrations were significantly increased in the treated group, whereas testosterone and cortisol decreased (p < 0.05) following treatment. In addition, the treated group had greater TAC and GPx concentrations than the control group. Serum concentrations of magnesium increased (p < 0.05) following receptal treatment, but differences in other minerals were not detected. This research suggests a novel, effective method of treating inactive ovaries with epidural infusion of a GnRH agonist.
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FSH Regulates YAP-TEAD Transcriptional Activity in Bovine Granulosa Cells to Allow the Future Dominant Follicle to Exert Its Augmented Estrogenic Capacity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214160. [PMID: 36430640 PMCID: PMC9693326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that drive the granulosa cells' (GC) differentiation into a more estrogenic phenotype during follicular divergence and establishment of follicle dominance have not been completely elucidated. The main Hippo signaling effector, YAP, has, however, emerged as a potential key player to explain such complex processes. Studies using rat and bovine GC demonstrate that, in conditions where the expression of the classic YAP-TEAD target gene tissue growth factor (CTGF) is augmented, CYP19A1 expression and activity and, consequently, estradiol (E2) secretion are reduced. These findings led us to hypothesize that, during ovarian follicular divergence in cattle, FSH downregulates YAP-TEAD-dependent transcriptional activity in GC to allow the future dominant follicle to exert its augmented estrogenic capacity. To address this, we performed a series of experiments employing distinct bovine models. Our in vitro and ex vivo experiments indicated that indeed FSH downregulates, in a concentration-dependent manner, mRNA levels not only for CTGF but also for the other classic YAP-TEAD transcriptional target genes ANKRD1 and CYR61 by a mechanism that involves increased YAP phosphorylation. To better elucidate the functional importance of such FSH-induced YAP activity regulation, we then cultured GC in the presence of verteporfin (VP) or peptide 17 (P17), two pharmacological inhibitors known to interfere with YAP binding to TEADs. The results showed that both VP and P17 increased CYP19A1 basal mRNA levels in a concentration-dependent manner. Most interestingly, by using GC samples obtained in vivo from dominant vs. subordinate follicles, we found that mRNA levels for CTGF, CYR61, and ANKRD1 are higher in subordinate follicles following the follicular divergence. Taken together, our novel results demonstrate that YAP transcriptional activity is regulated in bovine granulosa cells to allow the increased estrogenic capacity of the selected dominant follicle.
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Krause ART, Dias FCF, Caunce SL, Adams GP, Mapletoft RJ, Singh J. Predictors of the ovarian superstimulatory response and oocyte collection in prepubertal heifers. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2022; 81:106729. [PMID: 35462327 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objectives were to investigate the relationships between antral follicle counts and plasma AMH and FSH at the time of follicular wave emergence in prepubertal calves, and to determine the effects of age and duration of gonadotropin treatment on the ovarian superstimulatory response in pre- and post-pubertal heifers. Hereford crossbred prepubertal (Replicate 1 and 2, n = 20) and post-pubertal heifers (Replicates 1, n = 8; Replicate 2, n = 8) were assigned randomly to 2 treatment groups and given FSH for either 4 or 7 d (25 mg pFSH im at 12-h intervals). Prepubertal heifers were first treated at 4 mo and again at 7 mo of age. Blood samples were collected immediately before the first FSH administration, that was initiated 36 h after follicular ablation. An LH treatment (12.5 mg im) was given 12 h after the last FSH injection. Follicular fluid and cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were collected 24 h after LH treatment. At wave emergence, the number of follicles ≥1 mm (AFC, 31.1 ± 4.0 vs 16.2 ± 1.8; P < 0.001) and the plasma concentrations of AMH (606.4 ± 90.5 vs 279.6 ± 28.3 pg/mL; P = 0.001) were higher at 4 than at 7 mo of age, while plasma FSH concentrations did not differ between ages. At oocyte collection, a higher number of follicles ≥6 mm were observed in prepubertal calves at 4 mo of age and post-pubertal heifers than in calves at 7 mo of age (32.4 ± 5.4 and 22.0 ± 2.3 vs 14.9 ± 2.0, respectively; P = 0.003). Intrafollicular concentrations of estradiol were lower (23.7 ± 4.5 vs 144.0 ± 29.5 ng/mL; P < 0.0001) and of progesterone tended to be higher (217.5 ± 29.3 vs 157.0 ± 33.9 ng/mL; P = 0.07) in the 7- than in the 4-d groups. A greater number of COC was collected from calves at 4 mo of age and heifers than the 7-mo-old calves (13.4 ± 2.6 and 6.0 ± 1.0 vs 5.8 ± 1.1, respectively; P = 0.008). Overall, the 7-d FSH treatment tended to result in a greater proportion of expanded COC than the 4-d treatment in calves (50.1 ± 7.7 vs 31.9 ± 6.8%; P = 0.07). In summary, there was a positive relationship between AFC and plasma AMH concentrations at the time of wave emergence. A higher AFC was observed in calves at 4- than 7-mo of age, which resulted in greater ovarian response to gonadotropin treatment. Following an exogenous LH stimulus, COC maturation rates were greater in the 7-d than in the 4-d FSH treatment groups, resulting in collection of a higher proportion of fully expanded COC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R T Krause
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, S7N 5B4, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - F C F Dias
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, S7N 5B4, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - S L Caunce
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, S7N 5B4, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - G P Adams
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, S7N 5B4, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - R J Mapletoft
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, S7N 5B4, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - J Singh
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, S7N 5B4, Saskatoon, Canada.
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Montano G, Clough P, Schmitt T, Davis M, Steinman K, O’Brien J, Robeck T. Follicular and Hormonal Changes after Estrous Synchronization in Bottlenose Dolphins. REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY 2022; 3:RAF-22-0039. [PMID: 36074941 PMCID: PMC9578064 DOI: 10.1530/raf-22-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain more knowledge about the influence of hormone regulation on follicle development, ovarian ultrasounds were performed, and urinary hormone profiles were determined in ovulating and non-ovulating female bottlenose dolphins (n = 15) following estrus synchronization with altrenogest. Ovarian ultrasounds were conducted daily, post synchronization to describe follicular recruitment in relationship to the endocrine profile. Follicle sizes were grouped into very small (VSM), small (SM), medium (MD) and large (LG). In ovulating females, two follicular waves were identified, and follicular deviation towards establishing a dominant follicle only occurred during the second wave. For non-ovulating females, only the first wave was observed. For all urinary hormones, the non-ovulating group presented significantly lower concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (uFSH), luteinizing hormone (uLH), estrone conjugates (uE1-C) and estriol (uE3) but similar progestagen and cortisol concentrations compared to the ovulating group. Concentrations of uE1-C and uE3 and numbers of MD and LG follicles significantly (P < 0.05) increased, while uFSH concentrations significantly (P < 0.05) decreased as ovulation approached. Urinary LH significantly increased concurrently with increasing numbers of LG follicles and decreasing numbers of SM follicles. The characterization of follicular development and its relationship with hormone assessments complements our understanding of follicular recruitment post-synchronization in bottlenose dolphins and provides new information concerning differences between ovulating and non-ovulating females in response to an estrous synchronization protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Montano
- SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Species Preservation Laboratory, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment Inc., Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Pat Clough
- Dolphin Research Center, Grassy Key, Florida, USA
| | - Todd Schmitt
- SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment Inc., SeaWorld California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Michelle Davis
- SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment Inc., SeaWorld Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Karen Steinman
- SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Species Preservation Laboratory, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment Inc., Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Justine O’Brien
- SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Species Preservation Laboratory, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment Inc., Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Todd Robeck
- SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Species Preservation Laboratory, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment Inc., Orlando, Florida, USA
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Ramesh V, Devi LS, Joshi V, Mech M, Khate K, Khan MH. Ovarian follicular dynamics, hormonal profiles and ovulation time in Mithun cows (Bos frontalis). Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:1218-1229. [PMID: 35770446 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate follicular dynamics and concentrations of estradiol-17β (E2), progesterone (P4), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) during the estrous cycle, and to determine ovulation time in Mithun cows. Ovaries of experimental cows (n=7) were examined daily by transrectal-ultrasonography for three consecutive estrous cycles (n=21). The characteristics of follicular waves, dominant follicle, largest subordinate follicle and corpus luteum, and ovulation time were evaluated. The plasma samples were analyzed throughout the interovulatory interval to determine the differences in the hormonal profiles (E2, P4, FSH and LH) between different follicular wave cycles. Out of eighteen estrous cycles analyzed, three-wave follicular cycles were maximum (n=12: 66.66%) followed by two (n=4: 22.22%) and four waves (n=2: 11.11%). The two and three waves were statistically compared, and no significant (p>0.05) differences were observed in day of wave emergence, number of follicles (≥3 mm) recruited, maximum diameter of the ovulatory dominant follicle, growth rates of ovulatory and anovulatory dominant follicles and maximum diameter of corpus luteum. The diameter of dominant follicles was significantly (p<0.05) greater than subordinate follicles in both ovulatory and anovulatory waves. No significant differences were observed in peak concentrations of estradiol-17β and follicle stimulating hormone between ovulatory and anovulatory waves in all wave cycles. A preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge was observed a day before ovulation in all wave cycles. Progesterone concentrations were lower than 0.5ng/mL during estrus and increased sharply to the maximum levels of ≥3.8ng/mL in all wave cycles. Ovulation time (mean±SEM), irrespective of follicular waves was 10.5±0.64 h after the end of estrus. It was concluded that Mithun cows have a preponderance of three follicular waves with little difference between the two- and three- follicular waves and ovulation occurred 10.5 h after the end of estrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Ramesh
- Animal Reproduction and Gynecology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Research Centre on Mithun, Nagaland, India
| | - Laishram Sunitibala Devi
- Livestock Production Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Research Centre on Mithun, Nagaland, India
| | - Vivek Joshi
- Veterinary Medicine, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Research Centre on Mithun, Nagaland, India
| | - Moonmoon Mech
- Animal Reproduction and Gynecology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Research Centre on Mithun, Nagaland, India
| | - Kobu Khate
- Livestock Production Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Research Centre on Mithun, Nagaland, India
| | - Meraj Haider Khan
- Animal Reproduction and Gynecology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Research Centre on Mithun, Nagaland, India
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Clark ZL, Karl KR, Ruebel ML, Latham KE, Ireland JJ. Excessive follicle-stimulating hormone during ovarian stimulation of cattle may induce premature luteinization of most ovulatory-size follicles†. Biol Reprod 2022; 106:968-978. [PMID: 35084014 PMCID: PMC9113431 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) doses during ovarian stimulation are detrimental to ovulatory follicle function and decrease live birth rate in cattle and women. However, the mechanism whereby excessive FSH causes ovarian dysfunction is unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that excessive FSH during ovarian stimulation induces premature luteinization of ovulatory-size follicles. Small ovarian reserve heifers were injected twice daily for 4 days with 70 IU (N = 7 heifers) or 210 IU (N = 6 heifers) Folltropin-V [commercial FSH-enriched preparation of porcine pituitary glands with minor (<1%) luteinizing hormone (LH) contamination, cpFSH]. Ovulatory-size (≥10 mm) follicles were excised from ovaries after the last cpFSH injection and hormone concentrations in follicular fluid (FF) were determined using ELISA. Luteinization was monitored by assessing cumulus cell-oocyte complex (COC) morphology and measuring concentrations of estradiol (E), progesterone (P), and oxytocin (O) in FF. COCs were classified as having compact (cCOC) or expanded (eCOC) cumulus cell layers, and as estrogen-active (E:P in FF ≥1), estrogen-inactive (EI, E:P in FF ≤1 > 0.1), or extreme-estrogen-inactive (EEI, E:P in FF ≤0.1). A high proportion (72%) of ovulatory-size follicles in 210 IU, but not 70 IU, dose heifers displayed eCOCs. The high doses also produced higher proportions of EI or EEI follicles which had lower E:P ratio and/or E but higher P and/or O concentrations compared with the 70 IU dose heifers. In conclusion, excessive cpFSH doses during ovarian stimulation may induce premature luteinization of most ovulatory-size follicles in heifers with small ovarian reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaramasina L Clark
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kaitlin R Karl
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Meghan L Ruebel
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Keith E Latham
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - James J Ireland
- Correspondence: Molecular Reproductive Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. Tel: +1517 432 1384; E-mail:
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Fawzy AM, Ibrahim S, Mahmoud K, Heleil BA, El-Kon II, Almadaly EA, Ramoun AA. Gene expression profiles in the oocyte and granulosa cells and concomitant follicular fluid steroid hormone concentrations in pregnant versus non-pregnant she-camels. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Krause ART, Dias FCF, Adams GP, Mapletoft RJ, Singh J. Antral follicle counts and association with ovarian superstimulatory response to gonadotropins in prepubertal calves. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 227:106730. [PMID: 33652359 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antral follicle count (AFC) repeatability at the time of follicular wave emergence and duration of gonadotropin treatment in calves with small and large AFC affects the superstimulatory response of follicles. In Study I, the individual AFC was determined, calves were ranked as having a small, medium or large AFC, and a second count was performed prior to FSH treatments. There was a positive association between the number of follicles ≥1 mm after the first and second counts (r = 0.4; P = 0.003). In Study II, calves with small and large AFC were administered pFSH for 4 or 7 days, pLH 20 h after last pFSH administration and cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COC) were collected. In calves having large as compared with small AFC, number of follicles ≥6 mm were greater (P = 0.01) and COC collected were greater (P = 0.001). The proportion of large-sized follicles (>9 mm) was greater in the 7-day than in the 4-day gonadotropin treatment group (56.4 ± 8.3 and27.8 ± 7.5 %, respectively; P = 0.01). In Study III, there was a positive association between AFC and number of follicles ≥6 mm at the time of COC collection (r = 0.6; P = 0.003). In summary, the number of follicles at the time of follicular wave emergence was associated with the number of follicles recruited during subsequent waves of follicular development and ovarian response following gonadotropin superstimulation. Calves with a large AFC had more COC collected than calves with a small AFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita T Krause
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, S7N 5B4, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Fernanda C F Dias
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, S7N 5B4, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Gregg P Adams
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, S7N 5B4, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Reuben J Mapletoft
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, S7N 5B4, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jaswant Singh
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, S7N 5B4, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Furukawa E, Masaki T, Sakaguchi K, Bo M, Yanagawa Y, Ueda K, Nagano M. Relationship between the timing of the first postpartum ovulation and antral follicle counts in Holstein cows. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:7. [PMID: 31926556 PMCID: PMC6954630 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-0610-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The timing of the first postpartum ovulation is an important factor affecting the timing of estrous resumption in dairy cows. The first postpartum ovulation is delayed in cows producing large amounts of milk with an intensive negative energy balance. The antral follicle count (AFC) and serum anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations are known to be indicators of the ovarian reserve, which is the number and quality of follicles left in a pair of ovaries and known as an indicator of female fertility. Cows with higher AFC have been proven to show higher pregnancy rate and shorter calving to conception intervals; however, the relationship between the timing of the first postpartum ovulation and ovarian reserve remains unclear. Therefore, this study examined the relationships between postpartum follicular dynamics, the ovarian cycle, nutritional status, and ovarian reserve. METHODS Transrectal ultrasonography was conducted from calving to 70-120 days in milk (DIM) in 26 cows to monitor AFC, follicular dynamics and the ovarian cycle. Body weight (BW) and milk yield were used as indicators of nutritional status. RESULTS The first postpartum ovulation was significantly later in cows with low AFC (< 25) than in those with high AFC (≥25), while changes in BW from calving to the nadir and milk production were similar in both groups. The present results also suggested that cows with low AFC and a delayed first postpartum ovulation had a shorter first ovarian cycle after the first postpartum ovulation. The mean DIM of the first postpartum artificial insemination (AI) and days open (days from calving to AI with which pregnancy was achieved) were similar in high and low AFC groups. CONCLUSIONS The first postpartum ovulation was significantly earlier in cows with high AFC than in those with low AFC. The assumed reason for this result was higher sensitivity to luteinizing hormone and larger androstenedione and estradiol production in follicles in high AFC cows. Therefore, cows with high AFC may be more fertile than those with low AFC while their milk production increase and BW decrease; it means they are in negative energy balance. (340/350 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Furukawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Masaki
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Min Bo
- Laboratory of Animal Production System, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yojiro Yanagawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ueda
- Laboratory of Animal Production System, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Masashi Nagano
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan. .,Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, 034-8628, Japan.
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12
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Dangudubiyyam SV, Ginther OJ. Relationship between more follicles in right than left ovary in recently born calves and right ovary propensity for ovulation in cattle. Reprod Biol 2019; 19:363-367. [PMID: 31563451 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism for more frequent ovulation from right ovary (RO) than left ovary (LO) was considered by determining if RO of recently born calves had a propensity for more follicles. Rationale was from reports that RO in heifers has more 6-mm follicles before selection of the future ovulatory follicle as well as greater frequency of RO ovulation. Dimensions, weight, and number of follicles per ovary were compared between LO and RO in 10 Holstein calves (age, 1 to 7 days). Weight of an ovary was greater (P < 0.05) for RO (0.393 ± 0.04 g) than LO (0.355 ± 0.05 g). Follicles were delineated by translucency of follicular fluid from transmitted light. Follicles from 0.3 mm diameter (smallest identified) to 4.8 mm (largest present) were counted. Mean number of translucent antral follicles (8.1 ± 1.8 vs 5.3 ± 1.2 follicles) and means for follicle diameter, fluid volume, and surface area were each greater (P < 0.01) for RO than LO. Combined for all diameters (0.3-4.8 mm), the hypothesis was supported that more follicles are present in RO than LO in calves 1 to 7 days of age. Although follicle activity in the fetus has not been compared between LO and RO, more follicles in RO than LO in recently born calves is consistent with the concept that the propensity for RO ovulation is congenital.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - O J Ginther
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI, 53528, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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13
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Dutta S, Aoki K, Doungkamchan K, Tiemeyer M, Bovin N, Miller DJ. Sulfated Lewis A trisaccharide on oviduct membrane glycoproteins binds bovine sperm and lengthens sperm lifespan. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13445-13463. [PMID: 31337705 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A fraction of sperm deposited at mating or insemination reaches the oviduct isthmus, where sperm are retained and thereby form a reservoir. This reservoir delays capacitation, prevents polyspermy, selects a fertile population of sperm, and, foremost, increases sperm lifespan. The molecular interactions underlying the formation of a sperm reservoir are becoming clearer in mammals. Sperm lectins bind to oviductal glycans to form the reservoir. Herein, we found that the highest percentage of bovine sperm bound to the 3'-O-sulfated form of Lewis A (suLeA) trisaccharide and sialylated Lewis A and that fluoresceinated versions of each localized to receptors on the anterior head of the sperm. Following capacitation, binding to suLeA decreased significantly, a potential explanation for sperm release from the reservoir. MS and immunohistochemistry analyses indicated that suLeA motifs were present predominantly on O-linked glycans initiated by GalNAc residues, but no sialylated Lewis A was detected. To determine whether sperm binding to isolated suLeA in vitro could mimic in vivo sperm binding to oviduct cells and increase sperm longevity, we immobilized suLeA and incubated it with sperm. Using free-swimming sperm and sperm bound to immobilized laminin as controls, we observed that over 96 h, the viability of free-swimming sperm decreased to 10%, and that of sperm bound to immobilized laminin decreased to about 50%, whereas viability of sperm bound to immobilized suLeA was highest throughout the incubation and 60% at 96 h. These results indicate that bovine sperm binding to oviduct suLeA retains sperm for reservoir formation and extends sperm lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Dutta
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Kankanit Doungkamchan
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Nicolai Bovin
- Shemyakin Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - David J Miller
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801.
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14
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Ginther O. Intraovarian spatial and vascular harmony between follicles and corpus luteum in monovulatory heifers, mares, and women. Theriogenology 2019; 128:31-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Cirit Ü, Özmen MF, Küçükaslan İ, Köse M, Kutsal HG, Çınar EM. Effect of the interval from follicle aspiration to initiation of lengthened FSH treatment on follicular superstimulatory and superovulatory responses and embryo production in lactating Simmental cows. Theriogenology 2019; 128:218-224. [PMID: 30784808 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated follicular superstimulatory (FSS) and superovulatory (SOV) responses and in vivo embryo production in lactating Simmental cows treated with FSH starting 1 or 2 days after follicle aspiration (FA). The performance of a lengthened superovulation program, named 6dFSH-P36-hCG60, is described. At random stages of the estrous cycle, cows (n = 52) were subjected to ultrasound-guided transvaginal aspiration of all follicles ≥ 5 mm. After FA, cows were randomly assigned to one of two groups in which FSH treatments started 1 or 2 days after FA (groups FA-1D and FA-2D, respectively). Cows were superstimulated with a total of 500 μg pFSH over 6 days on a decreasing dose schedule and were pre-treated with a single dose of 400 IU of eCG 24 h before the start of FSH treatments. Follicular superstimulatory (the mean numbers of follicles ≥ 8 mm on the day of hCG treatment) and SOV responses (the mean numbers of CL and cows with ≥ 3 CL at the time of collection) were similar in FA-1D and FA-2D groups. However, when compared to FA-1D group, the number of unfertilized ova tended to decrease (0.4 vs 1.7; P = 0.065) and percentage of fertilized ova tended to increase (95.8% vs 84.6%; P = 0.066) in FA-2D group. Moreover, the mean numbers and percentages of both transferable embryos (8.0 and 77.6% vs 6.4 and 57.7%) and freezable embryos (5.3 and 51.5% vs 3.5 and 31.1%) were numerically higher in FA-2D group than FA-1D group. The results of the study suggest that starting a lengthened superovulation programs in Simmental cows 2 days after FA has potential to increase percentage of fertilized ova and the number of transferable and freezable embryos, although new studies may be needed to confirm this findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümüt Cirit
- Dicle University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, 21280, Diyarbakır, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Ferit Özmen
- Dicle University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, 21280, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Küçükaslan
- Dicle University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 21280, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Köse
- Dicle University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 21280, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Gökhan Kutsal
- TIGEM Ceylanpinar Directorate of Agricultural Enterprise, 63570, Ceylanpinar, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Elif Merve Çınar
- TIGEM Ceylanpinar Directorate of Agricultural Enterprise, 63570, Ceylanpinar, Sanliurfa, Turkey
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16
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Ginther OJ. An FSH booster surge for resurgence of the preovulatory follicle in heifers. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2018; 65:90-94. [PMID: 30032022 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Emergence of wave 1 during an interovulatory interval (IOI) in heifers is stimulated by FSH surge 1. A minor FSH surge with absence of a dominant follicle in the associated follicular wave occurs immediately before FSH surge 1. This minor surge is termed an FSH booster surge owing to its occurrence temporally during a resurgence of a preovulatory follicle that has been decreasing or lagging in growth rate for several days. The beginning nadir, peak, and ending nadir of the FSH booster surge occur at means of 7, 4, and 3 d before ovulation. The beginning nadir occurs at the beginning of a decrease in growth rate of the preovulatory follicle, and the peak occurs at the beginning of resurgence. The frequency of an FSH booster surge in 1 study was 10/17 (59%) and 4/18 (22%) in 2-wave and 3-wave IOI, respectively. The presence versus absence of a booster surge in 3-wave IOI is associated with a slower growth rate of the preovulatory follicle and a longer IOI. Most 3-wave IOI have rapid growth rate of the preovulatory follicle and do not have an FSH booster surge. Estradiol is a known FSH suppressor and begins to decrease at the beginning of the FSH booster surge and the beginning of a lag in growth rate of the preovulatory follicle. Concentration of LH increases significantly by the day of the peak of the booster surge. However, LH increases during waves with and without resurgence of the preovulatory follicle, whereas the FSH booster surge develops only in waves with resurgence in both 2-wave and 3-wave IOI. The beginning nadir of the booster surge is accompanied sometimes (eg, 6 of 10 surges) by the emergence of a minor follicular wave which does not develop a dominant follicle. Emergence of the booster wave and beginning FSH nadir occur earlier than the first progressive increase in LH indicating that the minor wave is attributable to the FSH booster surge. Based on temporality, the booster surge is used to stimulate recruitment or emergence of some of the small antral follicles (eg, 1 and 2 mm) that will become part of wave 1 of the next IOI. The primary function of the FSH booster surge as indicated by close temporality is to stimulate resurgence of a preovulatory follicle that has been lagging in growth rate. It is not known whether the booster surge and resurgence of the preovulatory follicle are essential for complete and normal maturation of the follicle and oocyte and for ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Ginther
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI 53528, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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17
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Jimenez-Krassel F, Ireland J, Kronemeyer C, Wilson-Alvarado A, Ireland J. Development of the “waveless” bovine model. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 195:80-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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18
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Ginther OJ. Spontaneous switching of future dominance to a smaller follicle: commonality among monovular species†. Biol Reprod 2018; 99:1129-1136. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O J Ginther
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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19
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Gonadotropin concentrations associated with variations in diameter deviation during follicle selection in Holstein heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 192:271-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Oliveira MEF, Ribeiro IF, Rodriguez MGK, Maciel GS, Fonseca JF, Brandão FZ, Bartlewski PM. Assessing the usefulness of B-mode and colour Doppler sonography, and measurements of circulating progesterone concentrations for determining ovarian responses in superovulated ewes. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:742-750. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- MEF Oliveira
- Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction; School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences; São Paulo State University; Jaboticabal Brazil
| | - IF Ribeiro
- Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction; School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences; São Paulo State University; Jaboticabal Brazil
| | - MGK Rodriguez
- Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction; School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences; São Paulo State University; Jaboticabal Brazil
| | - GS Maciel
- Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction; School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences; São Paulo State University; Jaboticabal Brazil
| | - JF Fonseca
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation-Embrapa Goats and Sheep; Coronel Pacheco Brazil
| | - FZ Brandão
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Fluminense Federal University; Niterói Brazil
| | - PM Bartlewski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
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21
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De Cesaro MP, Dos Santos JT, Ferst JG, Nóbrega JE, Rosa P, Rovani MT, Ilha GF, Bohrer RC, Ferreira R, Gasperin BG, Bordignon V, Gonçalves P. Natriuretic peptide system regulation in granulosa cells during follicle deviation and ovulation in cattle. Reprod Domest Anim 2018. [PMID: 29537121 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are known to regulate reproductive events in polyovulatory species, but their function and regulation in monovulatory species remain to be fully characterized. Using a well-established in vivo model, we found that bovine granulosa cells from follicles near the deviation stage express mRNA for the three NP receptors (NPR1, NPR2 and NPR3), but not for NP precursors (NPPA, NPPB and NPPC). The abundance of NPR3 mRNA was higher in dominant compared to subordinate follicles at the expected time of follicular deviation. After deviation, mRNA for all NP receptors was significantly more abundant in the dominant follicle. Intrafollicular inhibition of oestrogen receptors downregulated NPR1 mRNA in dominant follicles. In granulosa cells from preovulatory follicles, NPPC mRNA increased at 3 and 6 h after systemic GnRH treatment, but decreased at 12 and 24 h to similar levels observed in samples collected at 0 h. After GnRH treatment, NPR1 mRNA was upregulated at 24 h, NPR3 mRNA gradually decreased after 3 h, while NPR2 mRNA was not regulated. The mRNA expression of the enzyme FURIN increased at 24 h after GnRH treatment. These findings revealed that the expression of mRNA encoding important components of the NP system is regulated in bovine granulosa cells during follicular deviation and in response to GnRH treatment, which suggests a role of NP system in the modulation of these processes in monovulatory species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P De Cesaro
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Meridional Institute (IMED), Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - J T Dos Santos
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha, Campus Frederico Westphalen, Brazil
| | - J G Ferst
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - J E Nóbrega
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Pra Rosa
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - M T Rovani
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - G F Ilha
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - R C Bohrer
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - R Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, Santa Catarina State University, Chapecó, Brazil
| | - B G Gasperin
- Department of Animal Pathology, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, Brazil
| | - V Bordignon
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Pbd Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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22
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The influence of azaperone treatment at weaning on reproductive function in sows: ovarian activity and endocrine profiles during the weaning-to-ovulation interval. Animal 2018; 12:2089-2097. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731117003755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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23
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Ginther O, Siddiqui M, Araujo E, Dangudubiyyam S. Follicles and gonadotropins during waves 2 and 3 in three-wave interovulatory intervals in Bos taurus heifers. Theriogenology 2017; 104:192-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Talebi R, Ahmadi A, Afraz F, Sarry J, Plisson-Petit F, Genêt C, Fabre S. Transcriptome analysis of ovine granulosa cells reveals differences between small antral follicles collected during the follicular and luteal phases. Theriogenology 2017; 108:103-117. [PMID: 29207291 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian follicular growth occurs in both the follicular and luteal phases of the estrous cycle but in very different endocrine contexts. In both phases, many small antral follicles with similar morphologic and histologic characteristics are present within the ovaries as a reserve for the terminal folliculogenesis. However, there are several gaps in our molecular knowledge of the gene expression profiles of small antral follicles in the follicular and luteal phases. The aim of the present study was to use RNA sequencing to compare and analyze the global transcriptional profile of ovine granulosa cells collected from small antral follicles (1-3 mm) either during the follicular or the luteal phase of the estrous cycle, with the hypothesis that they should be differential. We identified 663 genes whose mRNA was differentially expressed or accumulated in the granulosa cell layer of small antral follicles in the two phases. A comprehensive interpretation of these data was performed through integrative analyses (Gene Ontology, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis) and the exploitation of already available transcriptomic data on follicular growth and atresia. In particular, we observed that the contrasted endocrine context between follicular and luteal phases may have an impact on estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and on the activin/inhibin signaling pathways. Furthermore, we reveal the possible initiation of early follicular atresia in small antral follicles during the follicular phase in interaction with the presence of immune cells. This study provides new insights into the gene expression profile in ovine granulosa cells, and we suggest that these molecular changes may have an implication at the time of follicle selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Talebi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ahmadi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Fazlollah Afraz
- Department of Livestock and Aquaculture Biotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of North Region, Rasht, Iran
| | - Julien Sarry
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | | | - Carine Genêt
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Stéphane Fabre
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
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25
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Pereira N, Voskuilen-Gonzalez A, Hancock K, Lekovich JP, Schattman GL, Rosenwaks Z. Random-start ovarian stimulation in women desiring elective cryopreservation of oocytes. Reprod Biomed Online 2017. [PMID: 28647355 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigates the utility of random-start ovarian stimulation in women desiring elective oocyte cryopreservation. Women in the study cohort underwent random-start ovarian stimulation, and were subdivided based on the phase of the menstrual cycle that ovarian stimulation began, i.e. early follicular, late follicular or luteal phase. Women undergoing conventional cycle day (CD) 2/3 ovarian stimulation start were controls. A total of 1302 women were included - 859 (66.0%) conventional CD 2/3, 342 (26.3%) early follicular, 42 (3.2%) late follicular and 59 (4.5%) luteal ovarian stimulation starts. There was no difference in the demographics or baseline ovarian stimulation characteristics. The duration of ovarian stimulation (11 versus 9 days; P < 0.001) and total dosage of gonadotrophins administered (4095.5 versus 3155 IU; P < 0.001) was higher in the random-start group. The number of total and MII oocytes in the control and random-start groups was similar. A non-significant trend towards increased cycle cancellation was noted in the late follicular start group (7.1%). Study findings indicate the number of total and MII oocytes derived from random-start protocols initiated during any phase of the menstrual cycle is similar to conventional CD 2/3 ovarian stimulation start protocols in women desiring elective oocyte cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Pereira
- Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Anna Voskuilen-Gonzalez
- Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kolbe Hancock
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jovana P Lekovich
- Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Glenn L Schattman
- Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zev Rosenwaks
- Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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26
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Komatsu K, Masubuchi S. Observation of the dynamics of follicular development in the ovary. Reprod Med Biol 2016; 16:21-27. [PMID: 29259446 PMCID: PMC5715870 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of ovulated oocytes is different among mammals but does not vary much within the same species. In order to sustain periodic ovulation, follicular development must be coordinated at the tissue level. Elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of follicular development is difficult because the ovary has a complicated structure and it takes a long time for primordial follicles to develop into Graafian follicles. Therefore, it is not possible to observe follicular development by conventional experiments. The authors previously developed a new ovarian tissue culture method that enabled the observation of follicular development from the early follicle stage. These findings indicated that follicular interactions are important in regulating follicular development and ovulation. This review describes the current methods of observing follicular development in the ovary and the regulatory mechanisms of follicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Komatsu
- Department of PhysiologyAichi Medical UniversityAichiJapan
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27
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Temporality of two-way functional coupling between FSH and follicles in heifers. Theriogenology 2016; 86:1645-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Baldrighi JM, Siddiqui MAR, Ginther OJ. Temporal relationships between minor, preovulatory, or periovulatory FSH surges and the emergence and development of 2-mm follicles of wave 1 in Bos taurus heifers. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2016; 57:80-4. [PMID: 27565234 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The number and day of emergence (first detection) of 2-mm follicles and the number and day when the 2-mm follicles reached 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-mm during wave 1 were determined every 0.5 d (n = 9 heifers). Emergence of the follicles at each of the indicated diameters was normalized to the beginning and ending nadir and the peak of each of a minor FSH surge, the preovulatory surge, and the periovulatory surge. Relative to the day of ovulation (day 0), the minor FSH surge, preovulatory surge, and periovulatory surge encompassed (nadir to nadir) days -7.0 to -2.5 (peak, day -4.0), days -2.5 to -0.5 (peak, day -1.0), and days -0.5 to 4 (peak, day 0), respectively. Distinct mean nadirs occurred between the minor and preovulatory surges and between the preovulatory and periovulatory surges. A small percentage of 2-mm follicles (12%) and 3-mm follicles (2%) emerged during the minor FSH surge. The 4-mm follicles emerged during the preovulatory surge (24% of follicles) and periovulatory surge (76%). The 5-mm and 6-mm follicles emerged only during the periovulatory surge. The first increase (P < 0.05) in number of 2-, 3-, and 4-mm follicles began at 1.5, 1.0, and 0 d, respectively, before the nadir at the beginning of the preovulatory surge. The first increase (P < 0.05) in number of 5- and 6-mm follicles began at 0.5 and 0 d, respectively, before the intervening nadir between the preovulatory and periovulatory surges. Results demonstrated that each of the 3 surges including the minor surge contributed to the emergence of follicles at various diameters during wave 1. The emergence of 2-mm follicles during the descending portion of the minor surge indicated that smaller follicles (eg, 1 mm) apparently emerged during the major portion of the minor surge. The increasing diameter of the 2 largest follicles was not interrupted during the distinct intervening nadir between the preovulatory and periovulatory FSH surges.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Baldrighi
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI 53528, USA; Pathobiological Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - M A R Siddiqui
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI 53528, USA; Pathobiological Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - O J Ginther
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI 53528, USA; Pathobiological Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Ginther OJ. The theory of follicle selection in cattle. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2016; 57:85-99. [PMID: 27565235 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Selection of the dominant follicle (DF) during a follicular wave is manifested by diameter deviation or continued growth rate of the largest follicle (F1) and decreased growth rate of the next largest follicle (F2) when F1 reaches about 8.5 mm in cattle. The process of deviation in the future DF begins about 12 h before diameter deviation and involves an F1 increase in granulosa LH receptors and estradiol and maintenance of intrafollicular free insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1). Thereby, only F1 is developmentally prepared to use the declining FSH in the wave-stimulating FSH surge and to respond to a transient increase in LH to become the DF. A follicle that emerges first may maintain an F1 ranking and become the DF by being first to reach a critical developmental stage. However, an early size advantage is not a requisite component of the deviation process as indicated by (1) F1 and F2 may switch diameter rankings during a common growth phase that precedes diameter deviation owing to intraovarian factors that affect growth of individual follicles; (2) any follicle that reaches 5 mm regardless of diameter ranking may become a DF unless it is selected against during deviation; (3) a subordinate follicle may become dominant if the DF is ablated; (4) when F1 is ablated at 8.5 mm, the next largest follicle that is greater than 7.0 mm or the first follicle to subsequently reach 7.0 mm becomes the DF; (5) after ablation of F1 at 8.5 mm, IGF1 and estradiol increase in the intrafollicular fluid of F2 beginning at 6 h, and F2 grows to 8.5 mm in 12 h to become the DF. These considerations indicate that selection of a DF or partitioning into a DF and subordinate follicles is not initiated before the end of the common growth phase. That is, the deviation process represents the entire follicle selection mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Ginther
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin 53528, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
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Carrasco R, Singh J, Adams GP. The dynamics of trkA expression in the bovine ovary are associated with a luteotrophic effect of ovulation-inducing factor/nerve growth factor (OIF/NGF). Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2016; 14:47. [PMID: 27542717 PMCID: PMC4992250 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-016-0182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovulation-inducing factor in semen (OIF/NGF) influences ovulation and CL form and function in camelids and, remarkably, in cows. To test the hypothesis that the luteotrophic effect of OIF/NGF is mediated by an increase in trkA receptors in the ovulatory follicle and early CL, a study was designed to characterize the spatial and temporal distribution of trkA in ovarian follicles and CL at known stages of the bovine estrous cycle. METHODS Sexually mature cattle (n = 14) were examined daily by transrectal ultrasonography to determine the day of ovulation (Day 0), and assigned randomly to be unilaterally ovariectomized on Day 2, 4, 6 or in the pre-ovulatory period just before or after exogenous LH treatment. After a complete interovulatory interval, the cows were re-assigned to a different day-group on which the remaining ovary was removed. Sections of ovarian tissue representing the dominant follicle, largest subordinate follicle, and the CL were processed for immunofluorescent detection and quantification of trkA receptor. RESULTS TrkA immuno-fluorescence in ovarian tissues was restricted to follicles and the CL (no reaction in stroma or vessels), and was restricted to the cytoplasm (no nuclear staining). The trkA staining intensity, area of staining, and proportion of cells stained was greater in both theca and granulosa layers of dominant follicles than in that of subordinate follicles (P ≤ 0.05) in all day-groups except the Pre-LH group. Among dominant follicles, a progressive reduction in the immuno-positive reaction was detected from Day 2 to Day 6. Among subordinate follicles, immuno-reactivity remained low and unchanged except a rise in the Pre-LH group. The number of immuno-positive cells was greater in early developing CL (Days 2 and 4 combined) than in mature or regressing stage CL (Day 6, Pre- and Post-LH combined; P = 0.01). The intracellular distribution of trkA was more diffuse and widespread in dominant than subordinate follicles, particularly on Day 2 and Post-LH (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Distinct differences in trkA expression between dominant and subordinate follicles, particularly when circulating progesterone is minimal (early luteal development and after luteolysis) is consistent with a local role of OIF/NGF in follicle selection and early luteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Carrasco
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, S7N 5B4 Canada
| | - Jaswant Singh
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, S7N 5B4 Canada
| | - Gregg P. Adams
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, S7N 5B4 Canada
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Ginther OJ, Baldrighi JM, Siddiqui MAR, Wolf CA. Characteristics and functions of a minor FSH surge near the end of an interovulatory interval in Bos taurus heifers. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2016; 56:63-9. [PMID: 27131335 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The apparent function of a minor FSH surge based on temporality with follicular events was studied in 10 heifers with 2 follicular waves per interovulatory interval. Individual follicles were tracked from their emergence at 2 mm until their outcome was known, and a blood sample was collected for FSH and LH assay every 12 h from day -14 (day 0 = ovulation) to day 4. A minor FSH surge occurred in each heifer (peak, day -4.6 ± 0.2). Concentration of LH increased (P < 0.05) during the FSH increase of the minor surge but did not decrease during the FSH decrease. A minor follicular wave with 8.2 ± 2.0 follicles occurred in 6 of 10 heifers. The maximal diameter (mean, 3.4 ± 0.9 mm) of 77% of the minor-wave follicles occurred in synchrony on day -4.4 ± 0.4. Most (59%) of minor-wave follicles regressed before ovulation and 41% decreased and then increased in diameter (recovered) on day -1.9 ± 0.3 to become part of the subsequent wave 1. A mean of 3.7 ± 0.9 regressing subordinate follicles from wave 2 recovered on the day before or at the peak of the minor FSH surge. The growth rate of the preovulatory follicle decreased (P < 0.02) for 3 d before the peak of the minor FSH surge and then increased (P < 0.03). Concentration of LH increased slightly but significantly temporally with the resurgence in growth rate of the preovulatory follicle. A minor LH surge peaked (P < 0.0002) on day 3 at the expected deviation in growth rates between the future dominant and subordinate follicles. Results indicated on a temporal basis that the recovery of some regressing subordinate follicles of wave 2 was attributable to the minor FSH surge. The hypothesis was supported that some regressing follicles from the minor follicular wave recover to become part of wave 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Ginther
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI 53528, USA; Pathobiological Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | | | - M A R Siddiqui
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI 53528, USA; Pathobiological Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - C A Wolf
- Pathobiological Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia, DF 70040-020
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Ginther OJ, Siddiqui MAR, Baldrighi JM, Wolf CA. Systemic effect of follicle-stimulating hormone and intraovarian effect of the corpus luteum on complete regression vs recovery of regressing wave-2 follicles in heifers. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2016; 55:51-9. [PMID: 26773368 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Each subordinate of the second follicular wave (wave 2) was monitored, and the outcome was classified as fully regressed (decreased in diameter to 2 mm) or recovered (decreased initially and then increased to become a growing follicle of the subsequent wave 1). The changing diameter of each follicle after emergence at 2 mm and plasma concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone were determined every 12 h from the day of ovulation (Day 0) to 4 d after the subsequent ovulation in heifers with 2 follicular waves per interovulatory interval (n = 10). The number and percentage of wave-2 subordinates that initially regressed and then recovered (7.2 ± 1.0 follicles; 33.2 ± 5.1%) were less (P < 0.0008) than the number and percentage that completely regressed (15.0 ± 1.7; 66.8 ± 5.1%). Follicles that later recovered initially reached maximal diameter on a later day (P < 0.0001) after emergence at 2 mm (4.3 ± 0.2 d) and at a larger (P < 0.0001) diameter (5.8 ± 0.2 mm) than follicles that completely regressed (3.2 ± 0.1 d; 4.7 ± 0.1 mm). The follicle-stimulating hormone surge that stimulated wave 2 began earlier and was more sustained in a subgroup with a high percentage of recovered follicles (61%) than in a subgroup with a low percentage (24%). Recovery began on Day -1.0 ± 0.1 when the follicles had regressed to 3.7 ± 0.1 mm. Diameter of subordinate follicles on Day -6 or before the expected days of luteolysis was greater (P < 0.05) when in the corpus luteum (CL) ovary than when in the non-CL ovary. During expected luteolysis, more follicles (P < 0.008) per ovary continued to regress when ipsilateral to the CL (9.2 ± 1.1 follicles) than when contralateral (5.8 ± 1.1), and more follicles (P < 0.02) recovered from regression when contralateral to the CL (5.0 ± 0.8) than when ipsilateral (2.2 ± 0.6). The hypothesis that the CL has a local effect on the development, regression, and recovery of the subordinate follicles of wave 2 was supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Ginther
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI, 53528, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Dr, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - M A R Siddiqui
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI, 53528, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Dr, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - J M Baldrighi
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI, 53528, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Dr, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - C A Wolf
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI, 53528, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Dr, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Persistence and recovery of regressing 3-mm ovarian follicles in heifers. Theriogenology 2015; 84:1463-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Dadarwal D, Adams GP, Hyttel P, Brogliatti GM, Caldwell S, Singh J. Organelle reorganization in bovine oocytes during dominant follicle growth and regression. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:124. [PMID: 26577904 PMCID: PMC4650271 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We tested the hypothesis that organelles in bovine oocytes undergo changes in number and spatial distribution in a manner specific for phase of follicle development. METHODS Cumulus-oocyte-complexes were collected from Hereford heifers by ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration from dominant follicles in the growing phase (n = 5; Day 0 = ovulation), static phase (n = 5), regressing phase (n = 7) of Wave 1 and from preovulatory follicles (n = 5). Oocytes were processed and transmission electron micrographs of ooplasm representing peripheral, perinuclear and central regions were evaluated using standard stereological methods. RESULTS The number of mitochondria and volume occupied by lipid droplets was higher (P < 0.03) in oocytes from regressing follicles (193.0 ± 10.4/1000 μm(3) and 3.5 ± 0.7 %) than growing and preovulatory stages (118.7 ± 14.4/1000 μm(3) and 1.1 ± 0.3 %; 150.5 ± 28.7/1000 μm(3) and 1.6 ± 0.2 %, respectively). Oocytes from growing, static and preovulatory follicles had >70 % mitochondria in the peripheral regions whereas oocytes from regressing follicles had an even distribution. Oocytes from growing follicles had more lipid droplets in peripheral region than in central region (86.9 vs. 13.1 %). Percent surface area of mitochondria in contact with lipid droplets increased from growing (2.3 %) to static, regressing or preovulatory follicle stage (8.9, 6.1 and 6.2 %). The amount, size and distribution of other organelles did not differ among phases (P > 0.11). CONCLUSIONS Our hypothesis was supported in that mitochondrial number increased and translocation occurred from a peripheral to an even distribution as follicles entered the regressing phase. In addition, lipid droplets underwent spatial reorganization from a peripheral to an even distribution during the growing phase and mitochondria-lipid contact area increased with follicle maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dadarwal
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
| | - G P Adams
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
| | - P Hyttel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 7, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - G M Brogliatti
- Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Reproduccion animal, Cordoba, X5000IYG, Argentina.
| | - S Caldwell
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
| | - Jaswant Singh
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
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Differences between follicular waves 1 and 2 in patterns of emergence of 2-mm follicles, associated FSH surges, and ovarian vascular perfusion in heifers. Theriogenology 2015; 84:853-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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García Guerra A, Tribulo A, Yapura J, Adams G, Singh J, Mapletoft R. Lengthened superstimulatory treatment in cattle: Evidence for rescue of follicles within a wave rather than continuous recruitment of new follicles. Theriogenology 2015; 84:467-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Siddiqui M, Baldrighi J, Greene J, Wolf C, Ginther O. Spontaneous and experimental conversion of a regressing subordinate follicle of wave 1 to the dominant follicle of wave 2 in heifers. Theriogenology 2015; 83:1352-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Warren L, Murawski M, Wilk K, Zieba DA, Bartlewski PM. Suitability of antral follicle counts and computer-assisted analysis of ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance images for estimating follicular reserve in porcine, ovine and bovine ovaries ex situ. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:576-84. [PMID: 25432987 PMCID: PMC4935271 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214560971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine if correlations exist between the numbers of microscopic follicles comprising ovarian follicular reserve (OFR) and antral follicle counts (AFCs), and to assess the usefulness of computerized analyses of ovarian ultrasonograms and magnetic resonance (MR) images for estimating OFR in excised porcine, ovine and bovine ovaries. As a pre-requisite to these analyses, we characterized and compared ovarian cortical histomorphology and follicle populations in the three species varying in prolificacy and overall reproductive longevity, and hence the total number of microscopic and antral follicles. Ultrasonographic and MR images were obtained at the scanner settings optimized to provide opposing contrasts between antral follicles and the ovarian stroma. Commercially available ImageProPlus® analytical software was used to calculate numerical pixel values (NPVs) and pixel heterogeneity (standard deviation of the pixel values) along the computer-generated lines (4-6) placed in the area corresponding to the ovarian cortex. The numbers of primordial (r = 0.38, P < 0.01) and intermediate follicles (r = 0.37, P < 0.01) were correlated with the numbers of antral follicles in bovine ovarian sections. The numbers of primordial (r = 0.28, P < 0.05), intermediate (r = 0.31, P < 0.01) and primary follicles (r = 0.27, P < 0.05) correlated directly with mean NPVs of the ultrasonographic ovarian images in cattle. There was a negative correlation between primary follicle numbers and NPVs of MR images (3D FAST-SPOILED GRADIENT ECHO) of the porcine ovarian cortex (r = -0.31, P < 0.05). To summarize, the numbers of primordial and intermediate follicles could only be estimated from AFCs in cows. Using ultrasound NPVs, the numbers of primordial, intermediate and primary follicles could be directly estimated in bovine ovaries and the quantitative image attributes of MR images were useful for quantifying porcine primary follicles. The bovine ovarian model is compatible with human situation and hence future studies should be undertaken to ascertain the usefulness of AFCs and ultrasonographic image analyses for estimating OFR in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Warren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Maciej Murawski
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 1B Rędzina Street, 30-274 Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Wilk
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 1B Rędzina Street, 30-274 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dorota A Zieba
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 1B Rędzina Street, 30-274 Kraków, Poland
| | - Pawel M Bartlewski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Conversion of intraovarian patterns from preovulation to postovulation based on location of dominant follicle and corpus luteum in heifers. Theriogenology 2015; 83:153-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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40
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Experimental model of toxin-induced subclinical mastitis and its effect on disruption of follicular function in cows. Theriogenology 2014; 82:1165-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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41
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Rovani MT, Gasperin BG, Ilha GF, Ferreira R, Bohrer RC, Duggavathi R, Bordignon V, Gonçalves PBD. Expression and molecular consequences of inhibition of estrogen receptors in granulosa cells of bovine follicles. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:96. [PMID: 25339519 PMCID: PMC4210628 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-014-0096-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Estradiol (E2) receptors mediate E2 effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis under normal and pathological conditions. However, the mechanisms involved in E2 signaling are not completely understood. The objectives in this study were to evaluate the expression of estrogen receptors (ESRs) during follicular selection in cattle, and the effect of intrafollicular injection of fulvestrant (an antagonist of ESRs) on follicular development and transcript abundance in granulosa cells. Methods Granulosa cells were obtained from the two largest follicles around follicular deviation, after FSH treatment and after intrafollicular injection of fulvestrant. Ovarian follicular dynamics monitored by ultrasonography and quantitative real time PCR were used to validate the in vivo model and investigate the effects of FSH supplementation or ESR blockade on mRNA expression of estradiol-related genes. Results ESR1 and ESR2 were expressed in granulosa cells of both dominant (F1) and subordinate (F2) follicles, but their transcripts levels were higher in F1 than F2 after follicular deviation. FSH treatment maintained mRNA levels of both ESR1 and ESR2 in F2 follicles at similar levels observed in F1 follicles. Intrafollicular injection of 100 μM fulvestrant inhibited follicular growth and decreased CYP19A1 mRNA levels. Transcript levels for both ESR1 and ESR2 were not affected by fulvestrant injection. Analyses of FSH-regulated genes revealed that ESRs inhibition in the dominant follicle decreased the transcript levels of the GJA1 but not those of PRKAR2B, MRO or LRP11 genes. Conclusions Our findings indicate that: both ESR1 and ESR2 are regulated during follicular deviation and dominance in cattle and in response to FSH treatment, and ESRs are required for normal gene expression and development of the dominant follicle. Furthermore, we have validated an in vivo model to study estrogen signaling during follicular development that allows paracrine signaling between different follicular cells in a physiological endocrine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paulo Bayard Dias Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Effect of intraovarian proximity between dominant follicle and corpus luteum on dimensions and blood flow of each structure in heifers. Theriogenology 2014; 82:875-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ginther OJ. How ultrasound technologies have expanded and revolutionized research in reproduction in large animals. Theriogenology 2014; 81:112-25. [PMID: 24274416 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Gray-scale ultrasonic imaging (UI) was introduced in 1980 and initially was used to examine clinically the reproductive tract of mares. By 1983 in mares and 1984 in heifers/cows, UI had become a tool for basic research. In each species, transrectal gray-scale UI has been used extensively to characterize follicle dynamics and investigate the gonadotropic control and hormonal role of the follicles. However, the use of transrectal UI has also disclosed and characterized many other aspects of reproduction in each species, including (1) endometrial echotexture as a biological indicator of circulating estradiol concentrations, (2) relative location of the genital tubercle for fetal gender diagnosis by Days 50 to 60, and (3) timing of follicle evacuation during ovulation. Discoveries in mares include (1) embryo mobility wherein the spherical conceptus (6-16 mm) travels to all parts of the uterus on Days 11 to 15, (2) how one embryo of a twin set eliminates the other without self-inflicted damage, and (3) serration of the granulosum of the preovulatory follicle opposite to the future rupture site as an indicator of imminent ovulation. Studies with color-Doppler UI have shown that vascular perfusion of the endometrium follows the equine embryo back and forth between uterine horns and follows the expansion of the bovine allantochorion throughout each horn. In heifers, blood flow in the CL increases during the ascending portion of an individual pulse of PGF2α metabolite and then decreases. These examples highlight the power of UI in reproduction research. Without UI, it is likely that these and many other findings would still be unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Ginther
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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Ginther O, Rakesh H, Hoffman M. Blood flow to follicles and CL during development of the periovulatory follicular wave in heifers. Theriogenology 2014; 82:304-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Intraovarian effect of dominant follicle and corpus luteum on number of follicles during a follicular wave in heifers. Theriogenology 2014; 82:169-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Monniaux D, Clément F, Dalbiès-Tran R, Estienne A, Fabre S, Mansanet C, Monget P. The ovarian reserve of primordial follicles and the dynamic reserve of antral growing follicles: what is the link? Biol Reprod 2014; 90:85. [PMID: 24599291 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.117077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing follicles develop from a reserve of primordial follicles constituted early in life. From this pre-established reserve, a second ovarian reserve is formed, which consists of gonadotropin-responsive small antral growing follicles and is a dynamic reserve for ovulation. Its size, evaluated by direct antral follicular count or endocrine markers, determines the success of assisted reproductive technologies in humans and embryo production biotechnologies in animals. Strong evidence indicates that these two reserves are functionally related. The size of both reserves appears to be highly variable between individuals of similar age, but the equilibrium size of the dynamic reserve in adults seems to be specific to each individual. The dynamics of both follicular reserves appears to result from the fine tuning of regulations involving two main pathways, the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDPK1)/v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT1) and the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)/SMAD signaling pathways. Mutations in genes encoding the ligands, receptors, or signaling effectors of these pathways can accelerate or modulate the exhaustion rate of the ovarian reserves, causing premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) or increase in reproductive longevity, respectively. With female aging, the decline in primordial follicle numbers parallels the decrease in the size of the dynamic reserve of small antral follicles and the deterioration of oocyte quality. Recent progress in our knowledge of signaling pathways and their environmental and hormonal control during adult and fetal life opens new perspectives to improve the management of the ovarian reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Monniaux
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
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Stapp AD, Gifford CA, Hallford DM, Gifford JAH. Evaluation of steroidogenic capacity after follicle stimulating hormone stimulation in bovine granulosa cells of Revalor 200® implanted heifers. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2014; 5:2. [PMID: 24393352 PMCID: PMC3901558 DOI: 10.1186/2049-1891-5-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heifers not used as breeding stock are often implanted with steroids to increase growth efficiency thereby altering hormone profiles and potentially changing the environment in which ovarian follicles develop. Because bovine granulosa cell culture is a commonly used technique and often bovine ovaries are collected from abattoirs with no record of implant status, the objective of this study was to determine if the presence of an implant during bovine granulosa cell development impacts follicle stimulating hormone-regulated steroidogenic enzyme expression. Paired ovaries were collected from 16 feedlot heifers subjected to 1 of 3 treatments: non-implanted (n = 5), Revalor 200 for 28 d (n = 5), or Revalor 200 for 84 d (n = 6). Small follicle (1 to 5 mm) granulosa cells were isolated from each pair and incubated with phosphate buffered saline (n = 16) or 100 ng/mL follicle stimulating hormone (n = 16) for 24 h. RESULTS Granulosa cells of implanted heifers treated with follicle stimulating hormone produced medium concentrations of progesterone similar (P = 0.22) to non-implanted heifers, while medium estradiol concentrations were increased (P < 0.10) at 28 and 84 d compared to non-implanted heifers indicating efficacy of treatment. Additionally, real-time PCR analysis in response to follicle stimulating hormone treatment demonstrated a decrease in steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (P = 0.05) mRNA expression in heifers implanted for 84 d and an increase in P450 side chain cleavage mRNA in granulosa cells of heifers implanted for 28 (P < 0.10) or 84 d (P < 0.05) compared to non-implanted females. However, no difference in expression of 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (P = 0.57) and aromatase (P = 0.23) were demonstrated in implanted or non-implanted heifers. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate follicles which develop in the presence of high concentrations of androgenic and estrogenic steroids via an implant tend to demonstrate an altered capacity to respond to follicle stimulating hormone stimulation. Thus, efforts should be made to avoid the use of implanted heifers to study steroidogenesis in small follicle granulosa cell culture systems.
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Pfeifer LFM, Adams GP, Pierson RA, Singh J. Ultrasound biomicroscopy: a non-invasive approach for in vivo evaluation of oocytes and small antral follicles in mammals. Reprod Fertil Dev 2014; 26:48-54. [DOI: 10.1071/rd13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of ultrasonography has changed our understanding of the ovarian function in live animals. However, most of the studies that have used ultrasonography to image the ovary have provided data only of structures >1 mm in diameter. The recent availability of high-resolution ultrasound technology with high-frequency transducers (25–70 MHz), offers the potential to examine the developmental dynamics of small antral follicles and the cumulus–oocyte complex (COC) in vivo. In this review we provide data from a series of studies performed by Veterinary Biomedical Sciences Laboratory describing the advantages and disadvantages, as well as image characteristics, of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) to study ovarian biology in mammals. Data and images of small ovarian structures in rabbits, cattle, mice and humans are shown. The UBM technique allowed visualisation of small antral follicles ranging in size from 300 to 700 μm in all species examined, as well as COC within follicles in rabbits, cattle and humans. Furthermore, UBM permitted clear distinction of the follicular wall from the surrounding ovarian stroma in cattle and humans. At present, the limited depth of penetration of UBM restricts the use of this technique to an experimental setting. In that regard, further studies using UBM will probably result in a greater understanding of the pattern and control of early antral folliculogenesis and oogenesis.
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Progress in understanding human ovarian folliculogenesis and its implications in assisted reproduction. J Assist Reprod Genet 2013; 30:213-9. [PMID: 23388838 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-013-9944-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To highlight recent progress in understanding the pattern of follicular wave emergence of human menstrual cycle, providing a brief overview of the new options for human ovarian stimulation and oocyte retrieval by making full use of follicular physiological waves of the patients either with normal or abnormal ovarian reserve. METHODS Literature review and editorial commentary. RESULTS There has been increasing evidence to suggest that multiple (two or three) antral follicular waves are recruited during human menstrual cycle. The treatment regimens designed based on the theory of follicular waves, to promote increased success with assisted reproduction technology (ART) and fertility preservation have been reported. These new options for human ovarian stimulation and oocyte retrieval by making full use of follicular waves of the patients either with normal or abnormal ovarian reserve lead to new thinking about the standard protocols in ART and challenge the traditional theory that a single wave of antral follicles grows only during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. CONCLUSIONS The understanding of human ovarian folliculogenesis may have profound implications in ART and fertility preservation. Further studies are needed to evaluate the optimal regimens in ART based on the theory of follicular waves and to identify non-invasive markers for predicting the outcome and the potential utilities of follicles obtained from anovulatory follicular waves in ART.
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Dias FCF, Khan MIR, Sirard MA, Adams GP, Singh J. Differential gene expression of granulosa cells after ovarian superstimulation in beef cattle. Reproduction 2013; 146:181-91. [PMID: 23740080 DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microarray analysis was used to compare the gene expression of granulosa cells from dominant follicles with that of those after superstimulatory treatment. Cows were allocated randomly to two groups (superstimulation and control, n=6/group). A new follicular wave was induced by ablation of follicles ≥5 mm in diameter, and a progesterone-releasing device controlled internal drug release (CIDR) was placed in the vagina. The superstimulation group was given eight doses of 25 mg FSH at 12-h intervals starting from the day of wave emergence (day 0), whereas the control group was not given FSH treatment. Both groups were given prostaglandin F2α twice, 12 h apart, on day 3 and the CIDR was removed at the second injection; 25 mg porcine luteinizing hormone (pLH) was given 24 h after CIDR removal, and cows were ovariectomized 24 h later. Granulosa cells were collected for RNA extraction, amplification, and microarray hybridization. A total of 190 genes were downregulated and 280 genes were upregulated. To validate the microarray results, five genes were selected for real-time PCR (NTS, FOS, THBS1, FN1, and IGF2). Expression of four genes increased significantly in the three different animals tested (NTS, FOS, THBS1, and FN1). The upregulated genes are related to matrix remodeling (i.e. tissue proliferation), disturbance of angiogenesis, apoptosis, and oxidative stress response. We conclude that superstimulation treatment i) results in granulosa cells that lag behind in maturation and differentiation (most of the upregulated genes are markers of the follicular growth stage), ii) activates genes involved with the NFE2L2 oxidative stress response and endoplasmic reticulum stress response, and iii) disturbs angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C F Dias
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4
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