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Lee JH, Oh MG, Kim SH. Reconstitution of Caruncle Placenta through the 20α-HSD/Casp-3 Apoptotic Pathway during Early Pregnancy in Bovines. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010162. [PMID: 36611954 PMCID: PMC9818950 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Trophoblast cells of endometrium during bovine pregnancy with different characteristics undergo dynamic changes during uterine remodeling, which can be observed as continuous changes, as P4 secreted by the mother is replaced by placental hormones. In this context, the present study analyzed tissues' morphological changes through uterine apoptosis during early pregnancy. In addition, the expression pattern associated with apoptosis genes and 20α-HSD was determined in the endometrium and caruncle tissues. The localization of 20α-HSD, VEGF, Casp3, and mTOR protein was also determined in endometrium and caruncle during early pregnancy. From around 30 days, caruncle trophoblast cells with very high invasiveness expanded the villus section as the gestation period progressed. The surrounding cells detached and reorganized into new cells. In addition, an analysis of the effect of apoptosis on cell reorganization in the caruncle revealed that the expression of 20α-HSD/Casp-3 signals in the villus section gradually increased from 30 to 90 days. However, on the 30th day, glandular epithelial cells occurred sporadically in the trophoblast cell section. Moreover, the apoptosis of trophoblast cells increased at 90 days. Taken together, the results of the present study show that changes in the uterus during early pregnancy promote changes during later pregnancy by inducing the reorganization through the stimulation of 20α-HSD and Casp-3, promoting uterine and caruncle tissues, unlike cell development mediated by hormone signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Lee
- Institute of Applied Humanimal Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung-si 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gee Oh
- General Graduate School of Animal Life Convergence Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung-si 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hwan Kim
- Institute of Applied Humanimal Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung-si 17579, Republic of Korea
- General Graduate School of Animal Life Convergence Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung-si 17579, Republic of Korea
- School of Animal Life Convergence Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung-si 17579, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Ferdousy RN, Kadokawa H. Specific locations and amounts of denatured collagen and collagen-specific chaperone HSP47 in the oviducts and uteri of old cows as compared with those of heifers. Reprod Fertil Dev 2022; 34:619-632. [PMID: 35296375 DOI: 10.1071/rd21130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen, the most abundant extra-cellular matrix in oviducts and uteri, performs critical roles in pregnancies. We hypothesised that the locations and amounts of both denatured collagen and the collagen-specific molecular chaperone 47-kDa heat shock protein (HSP47) in the oviducts and uteri of old cows are different compared with those of young heifers because of repeated pregnancies. Since detecting damaged collagen in tissues is challenging, we developed a new method that uses a denatured collagen detection reagent. Then, we compared damaged collagen in the oviducts and uteri between post-pubertal growing nulliparous heifers (22.1±1.0months old) and old multiparous cows (143.1±15.6months old). Further, we evaluated the relationship between denatured collagen and HSP47 by combining this method with fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Picro-sirius red staining showed collagen in almost all parts of the oviducts and uteri. Expectedly, damaged collagen was increased in the oviducts and uteri of old cows. However, damaged collagen and HSP47 were not located in the same area in old cows. The number of fibroblasts increased, suggesting the presence of fibrosis in the oviducts and uteri of old cows. These organs of old cows showed higher HSP47 protein amounts than those of heifers. However, the uteri, but not oviducts, of old cows had lower HSP47 mRNA amounts than those of heifers. These findings revealed the specific location and amounts of denatured collagen and HSP47 in the oviducts and uteri of old cows compared with those of heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raihana Nasrin Ferdousy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi-ken 1677-1, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kadokawa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi-ken 1677-1, Japan
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Up-regulation of cytosolic prostaglandin E synthase in fetal-membrane and amniotic prostaglandin E2 accumulation in labor. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250638. [PMID: 33891661 PMCID: PMC8064594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is known to have important roles in labor, but the detailed mechanism underlying the spontaneous human labor remains unknown. Here, we examined the involvement of prostaglandin biosynthetic enzymes and transporter in the accumulation of PGE2 in amniotic fluid in human labor. PGE2 and its metabolites were abundant in amniotic fluid in deliveries at term in labor (TLB), but not at term not in labor (TNL). In fetal-membrane Transwell assays, levels of PGE2 production in both maternal and fetal compartments were significantly higher in the TLB group than the TNL group. In fetal-membrane, the mRNA level of PTGES3, which encodes cytosolic prostaglandin E synthase (cPGES), was significantly higher in TLB than in TNL, but the mRNA levels of the other PGE2-synthase genes were not affected by labor. Moreover, the mRNA level of PTGS2, which encodes cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the amnion was significantly higher in TLB than in TNL. Western blot analyses revealed that the levels of COX-1 and COX-2 were comparable between the two groups, however, the level of cPGES was relatively higher in TLB than in TNL. COXs, cPGES, and prostaglandin transporter (SLCO2A1) proteins were all expressed in both chorionic trophoblasts and amniotic epithelium. These findings suggest that COXs, cPGES and SLCO2A1 contribute to PGE2 production from fetal-membrane in labor.
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Turner N, Abeysinghe P, Sadowski P, Mitchell MD. Exosomal Cargo May Hold the Key to Improving Reproductive Outcomes in Dairy Cows. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042024. [PMID: 33670752 PMCID: PMC7922264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The reproductive status of dairy cows remains a challenge for dairy farmers worldwide, with impaired fertility linked to a significant reduction in herd profitability, due in part to impaired immunity, increased metabolic pressure, and longer postpartum anestrous interval (PPAI). Exosomes are nanovesicles released from a variety of cell types and end up in circulation, and carry proteins, bioactive peptides, lipids, and nucleic acids specific to the place of origin. As such, their role in health and disease has been investigated in humans and animals. This review discusses research into exosomes in the context of reproduction in dairy herds and introduces recent advances in mass-spectrometry (MS) based proteomics that have a potential to advance quantitative profiling of exosomal protein cargo in a search for early biomarkers of cattle fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Turner
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation—Centre for Children’s Health Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (N.T.); (P.A.)
| | - Pevindu Abeysinghe
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation—Centre for Children’s Health Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (N.T.); (P.A.)
| | - Pawel Sadowski
- Central Analytical Research Facility—Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
| | - Murray D. Mitchell
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation—Centre for Children’s Health Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (N.T.); (P.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3069-7438
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5
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Zhao G, Guo S, Jiang K, Zhang T, Wu H, Qiu C, Deng G. MiRNA profiling of plasma-derived exosomes from dairy cows during gestation. Theriogenology 2019; 130:89-98. [PMID: 30878693 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes, one kind of extracellular vesicles, are released under abnormal and normal physiological conditions. An understanding of plasma-derived exosomal microRNA (miRNA) profiles during pregnancy will significantly contribute to knowledge of maternal-fetal communication in ruminants. In this study, we isolated plasma-derived exosomes from dairy cows during early (∼60 days, gestational day (G_D) 60), mid (∼150 days, G_D 150) and late (∼240 days, G_D 240) pregnancy. Exosomal miRNA profiles were revealed using RNA sequencing technology, and the abundance of exosomal miRNAs between each stage were compared. In the G_D150 vs. G_D60, G_D240 vs. G_D60 and G_D240 vs. G_D150stages, there were 23, 32 and 29 miRNAs, respectively, significantly differentially enriched. Significant annotations for protein binding and transport- or immunoregulatory-related categories or pathways were found for the predicted target genes of these miRNAs. In addition, we further identified specific exosomal miRNAs for each pregnancy stage, including the following: bta-miR-499, bta-miR-16a, bta-miR-20a, bta-miR-223, and bta-miR-128 in the G_D60 stage; bta-miR-493, bta-miR-127, and bta-miR-143 in the G_D150 stage; and bta-miR-122, bta-miR-182, bta-miR-183, bta-miR-200b, and bta-miR-200c in the G_D240 stage. Our findings provide new insight into maternal-fetal communication during pregnancy. Future studies will use these data to identify and characterize specific exosomal miRNA regulatory mechanisms in the maternal-fetal immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangfeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichong Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Camargos A, Wohlres-Viana S, Costa I, Camargo L, Ferreira J, Ramos A, Oba E. Cloprostenol administration in the first week postpartum reduces expression of oxytocin receptors in the endometrium in Holstein-Zebu cows. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The present study investigated the hormonal profile and expression of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), oxytocin and estrogen receptors in uterine tissues of postpartum cows treated with cloprostenol. Twenty Holstein-Zebu crossbred cows were treated with saline solution (treatment CONT) or cloprostenol (treatment CLO), both administered two and five days postpartum. Blood samples were collected on days two, seven, 14, 21 and 28 postpartum for progesterone, PGF2α metabolite (PGFM) and estradiol determination, and endometrial biopsy was performed in order to quantify the expression of oxytocin receptor (OXTR), prostaglandin F receptor (PTGFR) and estrogen receptor 1 (ERS1) genes. In the CLO treatment, expression of OXTR was reduced (P<0.05) but no difference (P>0.05) between treatments was found for PTGFR and ERS1 expression. Estrogen concentrations increased progressively until day 14 (P<0.05) and the highest OXTR expression and lowest PTGFR expression were observed on day 14 (P<0.05) in both treatments. Serum PGFM concentrations were high throughout the experiment. In conclusion, cloprostenol administration at days two and five of postpartum seems to reduce OXTR expression in the endometrium in crossbred cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - I.F. Costa
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho”, Brazil
| | - L.S. Camargo
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Brazil
| | - J.C. Ferreira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho”, Brazil
| | - A.A. Ramos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho”, Brazil
| | - E. Oba
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho”, Brazil
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Koh YQ, Peiris HN, Vaswani K, Reed S, Rice GE, Salomon C, Mitchell MD. Characterization of exosomal release in bovine endometrial intercaruncular stromal cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2016; 14:78. [PMID: 27829441 PMCID: PMC5103490 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-016-0207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-to-cell communication between the blastocyst and endometrium is critical for implantation. In recent years, evidence has emerged from studies in humans and several other animal species that exosomes are secreted from the endometrium and trophoblast cells and may play an important role in cell-to-cell communication maternal-fetal interface during early pregnancy. Exosomes are stable extracellular lipid bilayer vesicles that encapsulate proteins, miRNAs, and mRNAs, with the ability to deliver their cargo to near and distant sites, altering cellular function(s). Furthermore, the exosomal cargo can be altered in response to environmental cues (e.g. hypoxia). The current study aims to develop an in vitro system to evaluate maternal-embryo interactions via exosomes (and exosomal cargo) produced by bovine endometrial stromal cells (ICAR) using hypoxia as a known stimulus associated with the release of exosomes and alterations to biological responses (e.g. cell proliferation). METHODS ICAR cells cultured under 8 % O2 or 1 % O2 for 48 h and changes in cell function (i.e. migration, proliferation and apoptosis) were evaluated. Exosome release was determined following the isolation (via differential centrifugation) and characterization of exosomes from ICAR cell-conditioned media. Exosomal proteomic content was evaluated by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Under hypoxic conditions (i.e. 1 % O2), ICAR cell migration and proliferation was decreased (~20 and ~32 %, respectively) and apoptotic protein caspase-3 activation was increased (∼1.6 fold). Hypoxia increased exosome number by ~3.6 fold compared with culture at 8 % O2. Mass spectrometry analysis identified 128 proteins unique to exosomes of ICAR cultured at 1 % O2 compared with only 46 proteins unique to those of ICAR cultured at 8 % O2. Differential production of proteins associated with specific biological processes and molecular functions were identified, most notably ADAM10, pantetheinase and kininogen 2. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we have shown that a stimulus such as hypoxia can alter both the cellular function and exosome release of ICAR cells. Alterations to exosome release and exosomal content in response to stimuli may play a crucial role in maternal-fetal crosstalk and could also affect placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qin Koh
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Hassendrini N. Peiris
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Kanchan Vaswani
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Sarah Reed
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Gregory E. Rice
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Murray D. Mitchell
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
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Abnormal Expression of Prostaglandins E2 and F2α Receptors and Transporters in Patients with Endometriosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:808146. [PMID: 26240828 PMCID: PMC4512562 DOI: 10.1155/2015/808146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the level of expression of prostaglandin receptivity and uptake factors in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women with endometriosis. Design. Prospective study. Setting. Human reproduction research laboratory. Patients. Seventy-eight patients with endometriosis and thirty healthy control subjects. Intervention(s). Endometrial and endometriotic tissue samples were obtained during laparoscopic surgery. Main Outcome Measure(s). Real-time polymerase chain reaction assay of mRNA encoding prostaglandin E2 receptors (EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4), prostaglandin F2α receptor (FP), prostaglandin transporter (PGT), and multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4); immunohistochemical localization of expressed proteins. Results. Marked increases in receptors EP3, EP4, and FP and transporters PGT and MRP4 in ectopic endometrial tissue were noted, without noticeable change associated with disease stage. An increase in EP3 expression and decreases in FP and PGT were observed in the eutopic endometrium of endometriosis patients in conjunction with the phases of the menstrual cycle. Conclusion(s). This study is the first to demonstrate a possible relationship between endometriosis and enhanced prostaglandin activity. In view of the wide range of prostaglandin functions, increasing cell receptivity and facilitating uptake in endometrial tissue could contribute to the initial steps of overgrowth and have an important role to play in the pathogenesis and symptoms of this disease.
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Alzamil HA, Pawade J, Fortier MA, Bernal AL. Expression of the prostaglandin F synthase AKR1B1 and the prostaglandin transporter SLCO2A1 in human fetal membranes in relation to spontaneous term and preterm labor. Front Physiol 2014; 5:272. [PMID: 25126080 PMCID: PMC4115629 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human labor is a complex series of cellular and molecular events that occur at the materno-fetal and uterine levels. Many hypotheses have been proposed for the initiation of human labor, one hypothesis suggests that maturation of the fetus releases a signal in the amniotic fluid that will be transmitted to myometrium via the fetal membranes and initiate uterine contractions. There is strong evidence that prostaglandins (PGs) play a central role in initiation and progression of human labor. OBJECTIVES In this study we intended to investigate the expression of prostaglandin F synthase and the prostaglandin transporter in the human fetal membranes and to explore the relationship between cytokines and PGs in the mechanism of human labor. METHODS We used fetal membranes obtained before labor at term and after spontaneous labor at term or preterm to identify the changes in prostaglandin F synthase (AKR1B1) and human prostaglandin transporter (SLCO2A1) proteins in relation to parturition. Using fetal membranes explants we tested the effect of cytokines (interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha) on PG production and the concomitant changes in cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2), AKR1B1 and SLCO2A1 expression. RESULTS Expression of PTGS2 and AKR1B1 was upregulated in the fetal membranes in association with term labor while SLCO2A1 was downregulated with advancing gestation and during term labor. Before labor, IL-1 increased the expression of PTGS2, however during labor TNF upregulated PTGS2 and AKR1B1 proteins. CONCLUSIONS The prostaglandin F synthase AKR1B1 is upregulated while prostaglandin transporter is downregulated during term labor. The amnion is more responsive than choriodecidua to stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines. The mechanisms of term and preterm labor are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana A Alzamil
- Department of Physiology, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joya Pawade
- Pathology, University Hospitals Bristol Haemato-Oncology Diagnostic Service, Bristol Royal Infirmary Bristol, UK
| | - Michel A Fortier
- Axe Reproduction, Santé Périnatale et Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval QC, Canada
| | - A López Bernal
- Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
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Kim SH, Shin YS, Kang MH, Yoon JT, Min KS. Gene expression and localization of 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) in reproductive tissues during early pregnancy of cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 147:1-9. [PMID: 24794445 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20α-HSD) catalyzes the conversion of progesterone to its inactive form, 20α-hydroxyprogesterone, and this enzyme has an important role in the regulation of luteal function in mammals. It has previously been determined that the 20α-HSD gene is primarily expressed by large luteal cells during the late stage of the estrous cycle. In the present study, the amounts of mRNA were determined in cultured cells of the corpus luteum (CL) cells. The localization of 20α-HSD was also determined in ovaries, placenta, and endometrium during early pregnancy. The amount of 20α-HSD mRNA in cultured luteal cells increased with time and by treatment with the luteolysis agent prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). Immunofluorescence assays detected increased protein in cultured luteal cells. The 20α-HSD mRNA and protein were present in the ovaries, placenta, and endometrium on Days 30, 60, and 90 of pregnancy. In particular, gene expression was much greater in the ovary than in the placenta and endometrium. Immuno-histochemical analysis indicated that bovine 20α-HSD was primarily localized in ovarian large luteal cells, placental cytotrophoblast villus, and glandular epithelial cells of the endometrium during early pregnancy. Furthermore, in situ analyses demonstrated colocalization of 20α-HSD mRNA and protein. Taken together, results of the present study indicate that 20α-HSD mRNA and protein are co-localized in large luteal cells, the placenta, and the endometrium during early pregnancy, suggesting that 20α-HSD regulates mechanisms involved in the maintenance of early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kim
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bio and Information Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 456-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Shin
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bio and Information Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 456-749, Republic of Korea
| | - M H Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - J T Yoon
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bio and Information Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 456-749, Republic of Korea
| | - K S Min
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bio and Information Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 456-749, Republic of Korea.
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MacKintosh SB, Schuberth HJ, Healy LL, Sheldon IM. Polarised bovine endometrial epithelial cells vectorially secrete prostaglandins and chemotactic factors under physiological and pathological conditions. Reproduction 2013; 145:57-72. [PMID: 23115348 DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells of the endometrium secrete prostaglandins to regulate the bovine oestrous cycle and form a functional barrier to microbes. However, bacterial infection of the endometrium commonly causes infertility in dairy cattle by disrupting endometrial physiology. Epithelial cell cultures are used to study the mechanisms of physiology and pathology, but 2D cultures may not reflect the 3D complexity of the epithelium. In this study, a polarised epithelial cell transwell culture was developed, using transepithelial resistance (TER), to monitor epithelial integrity. Polarised epithelial cells were treated with oxytocin and arachidonic acid to test physiological function and with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic bacterial infection. Supernatants were analysed for prostaglandin E(2) (PGE), prostaglandin F(2)(α), the chemokine interleukin-8 (IL8) and the ability of supernatants to induce neutrophil migration. Confluent epithelial cells established polarity when TER was >1800 Ω cm(2) and predominantly released prostaglandins basolaterally. In contrast, IL8 from epithelial cells accumulated apically and the supernatants were highly chemotactic for neutrophils. The striking exception was when the epithelial cells were treated with LPS in the apical or basolateral compartment independently, which led to the release of IL8 towards the treated compartment. Although stromal cells also accumulated PGE and IL8 in response to treatment, co-culture of stromal cells in the well below polarised epithelial cells did not influence cellular responses. In conclusion, polarised endometrial epithelial cells vectorially released prostaglandins and chemokines to reflect their respective mechanistic roles in physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siân B MacKintosh
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
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Lacroix-Pépin N, Danyod G, Krishnaswamy N, Mondal S, Rong PM, Chapdelaine P, Fortier MA. The multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4) appears as a functional carrier of prostaglandins regulated by oxytocin in the bovine endometrium. Endocrinology 2011; 152:4993-5004. [PMID: 21990316 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PG) are involved in several female reproductive processes, and their action is regulated at the levels of biosynthesis, catabolism, and signal transduction. Facilitated transport across cell membranes emerges as an additional checkpoint regulating PG action. We have already reported on the influx transporter solute carrier organic anion transporting polypeptide (SLCO2A1) [PG transporter (PGT)] in relation to PG action in the bovine endometrium. In the present study, we report on the functional expression and regulation of multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4)/ATP-binding cassette carrier 4, an alternate PG transporter belonging to the ATP-binding cassette carrier (ABC) family. We have found that MRP4 protein was present throughout the estrous cycle and exhibited a pattern of expression similar to that of PGT with maximal expression during early-mid luteal phase in the bovine endometrium. Functional expression and regulation of MRP4 was studied in vitro using the newly developed bovine endometrial epithelial bEEL and stromal CSC cell lines. Oxytocin (OT) stimulated PGF2α production and MRP4 mRNA and protein in a time- and dose-dependent manner but had no effect on PGT. OT induced preferred accumulation of PG outside the cells and secretion toward the basolateral side of polarized bEEL cells grown on membrane inserts. MK-571 and indomethacin, two documented inhibitors of MRP4 activity, blocked preferred accumulation of PG, but interferon-τ and NS-398 had no effect on MRP4 expression or the direction of PG transport. Our results suggest that MRP4 is a functional PG carrier under the regulation of OT in the bovine endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Lacroix-Pépin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Québec, Département d'Obstétrique et Gynécologie, Unité d'Ontogénie et Reproduction, Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada
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Breuiller-Fouché M, Leroy MJ, Dubois O, Reinaud P, Chissey A, Qi H, Germain G, Fortier MA, Charpigny G. Differential Expression of the Enzymatic System Controlling Synthesis, Metabolism, and Transport of PGF2 Alpha in Human Fetal Membranes1. Biol Reprod 2010; 83:155-62. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.080390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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14
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Van Poucke M, Melkebeek V, Erkens T, Van Zeveren A, Cox E, Peelman LJ. Molecular cloning and characterization of the porcine prostaglandin transporter (SLCO2A1): evaluation of its role in F4 mediated neonatal diarrhoea. BMC Genet 2009; 10:64. [PMID: 19807916 PMCID: PMC2763009 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-10-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Because prostaglandins are involved in many (patho)physiological processes, SLCO2A1 was already characterized in several species in an attempt to unravel specific processes/deficiencies. Here, we describe the molecular cloning and characterization of the porcine ortholog in order to evaluate its possible involvement in F4 enterotoxigenic E. coli mediated neonatal diarrhoea, based on a positional candidate gene approach study. Results Porcine SLCO2A1 is organized in 14 exons, containing an open reading frame of 1935 bp, encoding a 12-transmembrane organic anion cell surface transporter of 644 aa. The -388 to -5 upstream region comprises a (CpG)48 island containing a number of conserved promoter elements, including a TATA box. A potential alternative promoter region was found in the conserved -973 to -700 upstream region. No consensus polyadenylation signal was discovered in the 3' UTR. Repeat sequences were found in 15% of all the non coding sequences. As expected for a multifunctional protein, a wide tissue distribution was observed. mRNA expression was found in the adrenal gland, bladder, caecum, colon (centripetal coil/centrifugal coil), diaphragm, duodenum, gallbladder, heart, ileum, jejunum, kidney, liver, longissimus dorsi muscle, lung, lymph node, mesenterium, rectum, spleen, stomach, tongue and ureter, but not in the aorta, oesophagus and pancreas. The promoter region and the exons (including the splice sites) of SLCO2A1 were resequenced in 5 F4ab/ac receptor positive and 5 F4ab/ac receptor negative pigs. Two silent and 2 missense (both S → L at position 360 and 633) mutations were found, but none was associated with the F4ab/ac receptor phenotype. In addition, no phenotype associated differential mRNA expression or alternative/abberant splicing/polyadenylation was found in the jejunum. Conclusion The molecular cloning and characterization of porcine SLCO2A1 not only contributes to the already existing knowledge about the transporter in general, but enables studies on porcine prostaglandin related processes/deficiencies as patient and/or model. Here we examined its possible involvement as receptor in F4 enterotoxigenic E. coli mediated neonatal diarrhoea. Because no phenotype associated differences could be found in the gene sequence nor in its jejunal transcription profile of F4ab/ac receptor positive/negative pigs, SLCO2A1 can most likely be excluded as receptor for F4 bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Van Poucke
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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15
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Banu SK, Lee J, Satterfield MC, Spencer TE, Bazer FW, Arosh JA. Molecular cloning and characterization of prostaglandin (PG) transporter in ovine endometrium: role for multiple cell signaling pathways in transport of PGF2alpha. Endocrinology 2008; 149:219-31. [PMID: 17901226 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In ruminants, endometrial prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) is the luteolytic hormone. Cellular transport of PGF(2alpha) in the uterine endometrium is critical for regulation of the estrous cycle. Molecular mechanisms responsible for control of PGF(2alpha) transport in endometrium during luteolysis are largely unknown. In the present study, we characterized the prostaglandin transporter (PGT) in ovine endometrium. Ovine PGT cDNA consists of 1935 nucleotides that encode 644 amino acids. In ovine endometria, PGT is highly expressed during the period of luteolysis, between d 14 and 16 of the estrous cycle, in luminal and glandular epithelia. Pharmacological and genomic inhibition of PGT indicates that it is responsible for influx and efflux of PGF(2alpha) in ovine endometrial epithelial cells. Inhibition of PGT during the period of luteolysis prevents the release of oxytocin-induced PGF(2alpha) pulses, and maintains functional corpus luteum and its secretion of progesterone. In ovine endometrial epithelial cells, protein kinase A and protein kinase C pathways are involved in regulating the influx of PGF(2alpha), whereas epidermal growth factor receptor pathways are implicated in regulation of influx and efflux of PGF(2alpha.) The ERK1/2 pathway is associated with efflux of PGF(2alpha), whereas Jun-amino-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase pathways are involved in both efflux and influx of PGF(2alpha.) Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways are not involved in either influx or efflux of PGF(2alpha) in ovine endometrial epithelial cells. These are the first results to demonstrate a functional role for PGT in regulation of PGF(2alpha) efflux and influx in ovine endometrial cells that influence luteolytic mechanisms in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Banu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4458, USA
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16
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Bridger P, Menge C, Leiser R, Tinneberg HR, Pfarrer C. Bovine caruncular epithelial cell line (BCEC-1) isolated from the placenta forms a functional epithelial barrier in a polarised cell culture model. Placenta 2007; 28:1110-7. [PMID: 17850864 PMCID: PMC7112451 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2007] [Revised: 07/04/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the bovine synepitheliochorial placenta key sites of fetal-maternal interaction are placentomes consisting of maternal caruncles interdigitating with fetal cotyledons. The aim of this study was to establish an epithelial cell line from caruncles of pregnant cows and to develop a model to study restricted trophoblast invasion, pathogenesis of pregnancy associated diseases and pathways of infection and transport. Primary epithelial cells were isolated, successfully subcultured for 32 passages and cryopreserved at various stages. The cultures were termed bovine caruncular epithelial cell line-1 (BCEC-1). Cytokeratin, zonula occludens-1 protein and vimentin but neither alpha-smooth muscle actin nor desmin were detected by immunofluorescence performed every 5 (+/-1) passages. These results were confirmed by Western blotting. BCEC-1 were then cultured either without matrix or on fibronectin or collagen coated Transwell polyester membrane inserts, respectively, enabling separate access to the basal or apical epithelial compartments. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy of BCEC-1 revealed ultrastructural features also observed in vivo, such as apical microvilli and junctional complexes. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured regularly and revealed an increase with advancing confluence in all cultures. Cultures on coated inserts reached confluence and corresponding TEER-levels at an earlier stage. In addition, the cells were tested negative for bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) virus, but were permissive for the virus. In conclusion, the BCEC-1 cell line retained characteristics of maternal caruncular epithelial cells as observed in vivo and in primary cell cultures and thus will be a highly useful tool for future studies of pathways of invasion, fetal-maternal communication, transport and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.S. Bridger
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Strasse 98, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - C. Menge
- Institute for Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Strasse 85-89, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - R. Leiser
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Strasse 98, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - H.-R. Tinneberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Klinikstrasse 32, D-35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - C.D. Pfarrer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Klinikstrasse 32, D-35385 Giessen, Germany
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17
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Bridger PS, Haupt S, Klisch K, Leiser R, Tinneberg HR, Pfarrer C. Validation of primary epitheloid cell cultures isolated from bovine placental caruncles and cotyledons. Theriogenology 2007; 68:592-603. [PMID: 17580088 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 05/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to study feto-maternal interactions in the bovine synepitheliochorial placenta primary cell cultures of both placentomal components throughout pregnancy, namely caruncular epithelial cells and trophoblast cells were developed. The aim of this study was to validate and improve a method to culture caruncular epithelial cells and fetal trophoblast from manually separated placentomes. Prior to seeding the presence of fetal cells in caruncular samples and vice-versa could be demonstrated by the detection of the Y-chromosome via fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) provided the fetus was male. Epitheloid shaped cells present in both cultures (cotyledon and caruncle) were characterized on a morphological basis as well as by immunofluorescence and Western blot thereby detecting cytokeratin, zonula occludens-1 and vimentin but not alpha-smooth muscle actin and desmin. The absence of the Y-chromosome demonstrated the caruncular origin of epitheloid cells. In addition, a population of polygonally shaped cells derived from the cotyledon was propagated and displayed the same cytoskeletal characteristics as described above. The presence of the Y-chromosome confirmed the fetal origin of these cells and the lacking uptake of fluorescence conjugated low density lipoprotein, specific for endothelial cells, identified polygonally shaped cells as fetal trophoblast cells. In conclusion, the cross-contamination of maternal and fetal cells in manually separated placentomes should be considered in future experiments as it may lead to false positive results dependent on the sensitivity of the method applied. This study highlights the importance of an appropriate cell characterization and identification, especially when isolating primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Bridger
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Str 98, Giessen, Germany
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18
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Gao F, Lei W, Diao HL, Hu SJ, Luan LM, Yang ZM. Differential expression and regulation of prostaglandin transporter and metabolic enzymes in mouse uterus during blastocyst implantation. Fertil Steril 2007; 88:1256-65. [PMID: 17498705 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2007] [Revised: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the spatiotemporal expression and regulation of prostaglandin transporter (PGT), 15-hydroxy-PG dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), and carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein in the mouse uterus during embryo implantation and in related models. DESIGN Experimental animal study. SETTING University research laboratory. ANIMAL(S) Sexually mature female Kunming strain white mice. INTERVENTION(S) Delayed and activated implantation, artificial decidualization, and subcutaneous injection of progesterone (P) and E(2) in ovariectomized mouse. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The expression of mRNA and protein were detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in mouse uterus. RESULT(S) Prostaglandin transporter mRNA and protein were expressed in the subluminal stroma at implantation site on day 5 of pregnancy and then in decidua but were not detected at the interimplantation sites and in preimplantation or pseudopregnant uterus. The presence of an active blastocyst was required for PGT expression at the implantation site. Both 15-PGDH and CBR1 mRNA were detected in glandular epithelium on day 4 of pregnancies. The expression of 15-PGDH and CBR1 mRNA was also detected in postimplantation embryos. CONCLUSION(S) These data suggest that differentially expressed PGT and 15-PGDH may participate in PG signaling in mouse uterus during implantation and decidualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Cell Biology and Tumor Cell Engineering, College of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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19
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Bridges PJ, Fortune JE. Regulation, action and transport of prostaglandins during the periovulatory period in cattle. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2007; 263:1-9. [PMID: 17064845 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2006.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2006] [Revised: 07/24/2006] [Accepted: 08/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Follicular production of prostaglandins (PGs) is essential for mammalian ovulation, but the factors that mediate production and the cell-specific action(s) of PGE and PGF2alpha during the ovulatory cascade remain largely unknown. The aims of these experiments were: (1) to investigate the potential role of oxytocin (OT) in ovulatory PG production, (2) to determine cellular and temporal patterns of expression of mRNA for specific PG receptors during the periovulatory interval, (3) to determine cell-specific effects of PGE2 on progesterone secretion, and (4) to investigate the potential for an active transport mechanism that may regulate the effect of PGs during the ovulatory cascade, using cattle as the animal model. Heifers were treated sequentially with PGF2alpha and GnRH to induce luteal regression, a follicular phase and the LH/FSH surge (ovulation occurs approximately 30 h after GnRH). In experiment 1, OT increased the secretion of PGE and PGF2alpha by granulosa cells collected from preovulatory follicles (before the LH/FSH surge) and OT production by pieces of follicle wall from periovulatory follicles (after the LH/FSH surge) was regulated by progesterone acting through the progesterone receptor. In experiment 2, levels of mRNA for the PGF2alpha receptor and three PGE receptor subtypes were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR in theca interna and granulosa cells from pre- and periovulatory follicles collected at 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h post-GnRH. Time- and cell-specific patterns of change in mRNA for PG receptors were observed, suggesting multiple effects of both PGE and PGF2alpha in both theca interna and granulosa cells throughout the ovulatory cascade. Cell-specificity of PG action was confirmed in experiment 3; PGE2 increased the secretion of progesterone by theca interna but not granulosa cells collected from late periovulatory follicles. The results of experiment 4 revealed the expression of mRNA for the bovine PG transporter in theca interna and granulosa cells and its regulation during the periovulatory period, thus revealing the presence of a potential transport mechanism that could regulate cellular distribution of PGs throughout the ovulatory cascade. Taken together, these results provide new insight into mechanisms that regulate the production, distribution and site of action of PGE and PGF2alpha during the ovulatory cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Bridges
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
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20
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Schäubli M, Ritter N, Hässig M, Zerbe H, Bleul U, Boos A. Progesterone receptors, oestrogen receptor alpha and glucocorticoid receptors in the bovine intercaruncular uterine wall around parturition. Anim Reprod Sci 2006; 103:215-27. [PMID: 17223288 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Revised: 12/06/2006] [Accepted: 12/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The bovine intercaruncular uterine wall expresses steroid hormone receptors throughout pregnancy. Concentrations of specific hormones undergo massive changes during the peripartal period and modulate the synthesis of their own receptors. This is well documented for the placentome, but respective data concerning the intercaruncular uterine wall are completely lacking. Thus, intercaruncular uterine wall segments from cows (I) being 8 and 9 months pregnant (slaughtered cows) and (II) cows undergoing a premature caesarean section 269-282 days after artificial insemination (AI) with (IIa, b) or without (IIc) induction of birth with PGF(2alpha) agonist or (III) receiving a caesarean section during severe dystocia (n=6, 5, 5, 5, 6 and 4 animals, respectively) were studied. In four naturally calving cows (IV) endometrial biopsies were obtained within 30 min after the expulsion of the calf. All tissue probes were fixed for 24h in 4% formaldehyde, routinely embedded in paraffin, and cut at 4 microm. Progesterone receptors (PR), estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) were assessed using specific antibodies and staining intensities were documented employing an immunoreactive score (IRS). PR, ERalpha and GR exhibited cell type- and location-specific distribution patterns. IRS for PR and ERalpha did not differ between groups. GR-IRS of endometrial stromal cells, however, were higher in animals undergoing premature caesarean section after induction of birth compared to animals slaughtered during month 8 or 9 of pregnancy or animals receiving caesarean section following dystocia. Results of the present study indicate that steroid hormone receptor amounts within the intercaruncular uterine wall do not (PR, ERalpha) - or in a tissue-specific manner (GR) only - change during the peripartal period, although respective hormones undergo massive changes during this period. This is in strict contrast to the placentome. Comparatively lower local tissue estrogen concentrations around term may be one cause for this difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schäubli
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Stefańczyk-Krzymowska S, Wasowska B, Chłopek J, Gilun P, Grzegorzewski W, Radomski M. Retrograde and local destination transfer of uterine prostaglandin E2 in early pregnant sow and its physiological consequences. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2006; 81:71-9. [PMID: 16997133 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2006.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2006] [Revised: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 07/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The local destination transfer of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) from the uterine lymph to arterial blood supplying the ovary and its retrograde transfer to arterial blood supplying the uterine horn and the effect of additional delivery of PGE2 into the ovary on the secretion of steroid hormones was studied in early pregnant gilts. The injection of PGE2 under the perimetrium caused an increase (P<0.001) in PGE2 concentration in both uterine venous effluent and ovarian and uterine arterial blood. The infusion of PGE2 into the ovarian artery increased the concentration of progesterone in ovarian venous blood on day 13 of pregnancy during (P<0.05) and after (P<0.001) infusion, and on day 14 of pregnancy after infusion (P<0.01). In conclusion, local destination transfer of PGE2 from uterine lymph and venous blood to the ovary may affect luteal function, and retrograde transfer of PGE2 to the arterial blood supplying the uterus may contribute to the prevention of regressive changes of the endometrium in early pregnant gilts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisława Stefańczyk-Krzymowska
- Department of Local Physiological Regulations, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
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22
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Kang J, Chapdelaine P, Laberge PY, Fortier MA. Functional characterization of prostaglandin transporter and terminal prostaglandin synthases during decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells. Hum Reprod 2005; 21:592-9. [PMID: 16339169 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dei400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decidualization of endometrial stromal cells is essential for successful implantation and pregnancy. Prostaglandins (PG) have been shown to be required for the initiation and maintenance of decidualization in animal models. The transport of PG across the plasma membrane is mediated by carriers such as prostaglandin transporter (PGT). Our recent data have shown the expression of human PGT (hPGT) in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle. The objective of the present study was to characterize hPGT in decidualized stromal cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Human endometrial stromal cells were treated with a combination of cAMP and medroxyprogesterone acetate to induce decidualization. Decidualization was confirmed by morphological differentiation and increased secretion of prolactin. A large increase in hPGT mRNA level, as measured by real-time PCR analysis, was observed in decidual cells compared with control. Similarly, a 2-fold up-regulation of hPGT and 3-12-fold increase in PG biosynthetic enzymes were obtained at the protein level. Decidual cells exhibited a higher isotopic PGE2 uptake and greater intracellular PG levels than control. CONCLUSIONS The higher uptake of PG by decidual cells is highly likely to be mediated via hPGT. PGT is a newly identified regulator of PG action at the cellular level and likely contributes to the regulation of PG action in female reproductive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kang
- Unité de Recherche en Ontogénie et Reproduction, Centre de Recherche du CHUL, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada
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