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Satué K, Fazio E, Velasco-Martinez G, La Fauci D, Barbiera G, Medica P, Cravana C. Can the reduced GH, IGF-1, and ovarian steroids concentrations be considered as suspected biomarkers of age-associated functional deficit in mares? Theriogenology 2024; 228:75-80. [PMID: 39098123 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
In humans' and experimental animals' components of the somatotropic axis, such as growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) concentrations, decrease with advancing age. Although there is evidence regarding IGF-1, the effect of age on GH in mares, as well as the relationships between both parameters, have not yet been elucidated. On the other hand, although GH and IGF-1 are related to follicular development, it is unknown if they could be correlated with the circulating concentrations of ovarian steroids in mares, as occurs in other species. The hypothesis of this study was that both GH and IGF-1 could experience physiological changes with advancing age also in mares, and that both GH/IGF-1 could be correlated with oestradiol-17β (E2) and progesterone (P4), as recorded for other species. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of GH, IGF-1, E2, and P4 in mares, according to the different ages. Blood samples were drawn from 56 healthy cyclic Spanish Purebred mares belonging to four different age groups: 6-9 years, 10-13 years, 14-16 years and >16 years. Mares aged 6-9 years and 10-13 years showed higher GH concentrations (P < 0.05) than mares of 14-16 and >16 years; and mares aged 14-16 showed higher GH concentrations (P < 0.05) than >16 years (P < 0.05). Mares aged >16 years showed lower IGF-1 concentrations (P < 0.05) than mares of 6-9, 10-13 and 14-16 years (P < 0.05). The concentrations of E2 and P4 showed no significant differences among different age groups. Both GH and IGF-1 were not correlated with each other or with E2 and P4. The concentrations of E2 and P4 did not change with age. Advancing age leads to a decrease in the activity of the somatotropic axis in physiological cyclic mares, represented by a significant GH reduction, which, however, was ascribed for IGF-1 exclusively to mares over 16 years of age, without alterations in steroid hormone patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiuska Satué
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Esterina Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology Unit, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Via Palatucci 13, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Gemma Velasco-Martinez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115, Valencia, Spain
| | - Deborah La Fauci
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology Unit, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Via Palatucci 13, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuliana Barbiera
- Pharmaceutical and Chemical Technician, 98168, Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Medica
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology Unit, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Via Palatucci 13, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Cravana
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology Unit, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Via Palatucci 13, 98168, Messina, Italy
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Ginther OJ. Contributions to Mare Reproduction Research by the Ginther Team. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 126:104295. [PMID: 36990252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Examples of research discoveries and first reports on mare reproduction by the O.J. Ginther team are (1) determined daily circulating concentrations of four hormones during the estrous cycle, (2) showed that mares can be induced to ovulate and superovulate by hormone treatment during both ovulatory and anovulatory seasons, (3) demonstrated that prostaglandin F2α was the luteolysin in mares, (4) described the mare's elaborate hormonal and biochemical mechanism for selecting the ovulatory follicle from a pool of like follicles, (5) developed the method for diagnosing fetal sex by Day 60 using location of the genital tubercle, (6) refuted the dogma that the primary corpus luteum regresses at about one month of pregnancy, (7) demonstrated that the uterus induces luteolysis in nonpregnant mares through a systemic pathway unlike the local uteroovarian venoarterial pathway in ruminants, (8) developed the method for greatly reducing the devastating twinning problem, and (9) discovered intrauterine embryo mobility and fixation and thereby solved several enigmas in mare reproduction. During 56 years on the University of Wisconsin faculty, Ginther was sole author of seven hard cover texts and reference books. He supervised 112 graduate-students, postdoctorates, and research trainees from 17 countries. His team published 680 full-length journal papers that were cited 43,034 times according to Google Scholar. The Institute for Scientific Information ranked him among the top 1% of the world's scientists in all fields. According to a survey in 2012-23 by Expertscape, he published more scientific manuscripts than anyone on ovarian follicles, corpora lutea, and luteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Ginther
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
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3
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Epper P, Glüge S, Vidondo B, Wróbel A, Ott T, Sieme H, Kaeser R, Burger D. Increase of body temperature immediately after ovulation in mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2023:104565. [PMID: 37209788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To successfully inseminate mares, precise detection of ovulation time is crucial, especially when using frozen-thawed semen. Monitoring body temperature, as has been described in women, could be a non-invasive way to detect ovulation. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the time of ovulation and the variation of body temperature in mares based on automatic continuous measurements during estrus. The experimental group included 21 mares for 70 analyzed estrous cycles. When the mares showed estrous behavior, they were administered intramuscular deslorelin acetate (2.25 mg) in the evening. At the same time, monitoring of body temperature using a sensor device fixed at the left lateral thorax was started and continued for over 60 h. In 2-hour intervals, transrectal ultrasonography was performed to detect ovulation. Estimated body temperature in the 6 h following ovulation detection was on average 0.06°C +/- 0.05°C (mean +/- SD) significantly higher when compared with body temperature at the same time on the preceding day (p=0.01). In addition, a significant effect of PGF2α administration for estrus induction on the body temperature was found, being significantly higher until 6 h before ovulation compared to that of uninduced cycles (p=0.005). In conclusion, changes in body temperature during estrus in mares were related to ovulation. The increase in body temperature immediately after ovulation might be used in the future to establish automatized and non-invasive systems to detect ovulation. However, the identified temperature rise is relatively small on average and hardly identifiable in the individual mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Epper
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Les Longs-Prés, 1580 Avenches, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Glüge
- ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Beatriz Vidondo
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, University of Bern, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3097 Liebefeld, Switzerland
| | - Anna Wróbel
- ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Ott
- ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Harald Sieme
- Clinic for Horses - Unit for Reproductive Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rebekka Kaeser
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Les Longs-Prés, 1580 Avenches, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Burger
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Les Longs-Prés, 1580 Avenches, Switzerland.
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Satué K, Fazio E, La Fauci D, Medica P. Changes of Hepcidin, Ferritin and Iron Levels in Cycling Purebred Spanish Mares. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071229. [PMID: 37048485 PMCID: PMC10093536 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that in woman the sex hormones such as estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) influence iron (Fe) regulation, contributing to variations in Fe parameters along the menstrual cycle. These mechanisms based on the regulation of hepcidin (Hepc) which limits Fe availability during the cycle, remain poorly characterized in healthy mares. The objective of this study was to establish the relationship between Hepc, Fe, ferritin (Ferr), and the primary ovarian hormones E2 and P4 in cycling Purebred Spanish mares. Blood samples were taken from 31 Purebred Spanish mares day −5, on day 0, day +5 and day +16 of the cycle. Fe and Ferr significantly increased and Hepc decreased during pre- and ovulatory periods. The secretion peak of estradiol-17β (E2) was reached on day 0 and progesterone (P4) between days +5 and +16. Fe and Ferr were positively correlated (r = 0.57). Fe and Ferr were negatively correlated with Hepc (r = −0.72 and r = −0.02, respectively). E2 and P4 were negatively and positively correlated with Hepc (r = −0.753 and r = 0.54, respectively). In cycling Purebred Spanish mares there is a measurable relationship between steroid hormones and systemic Fe metabolism. Estrogenic dominance in the pre- and ovulatory period allows for a more effective iron status, mediated by hepcidin inhibition. However, P4 during the luteal phase substantially reduces serum Fe and iron stores, possibly related to Hepc stimulation. Future research is required to clarify the relationship between steroid hormones and iron metabolism at the molecular level in equids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiuska Satué
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Esterina Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology Unit, Messina University, Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Deborah La Fauci
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology Unit, Messina University, Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Medica
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology Unit, Messina University, Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Pastorello M, Gastal MO, Godoi DB, Gastal EL. Emergence and selection of the dominant follicle and gonadotropin dynamics in postpartum lactating versus non-postpartum cycling mares. Reprod Biol 2022; 22:100618. [PMID: 35561513 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2022.100618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Among female livestock, the mare has the shortest interval from parturition to first ovulation. Due to the scarcity of research on postpartum mares, little progress has been made on the characterization of the resumption of ovarian cyclicity after parturition. This study compared follicular and gonadotropin dynamics during follicle emergence and deviation in postpartum lactating (PP Lactating) versus non-postpartum cycling (N-PP Cycling) mares. On the day of parturition, every PP Lactating mare was paired with a N-PP Cycling mare. Comparisons were made by considering the partum-ovulation interval and the postpartum interovulatory interval for the PP Lactating mares, and two interovulatory intervals for the N-PP Cycling mares. The results presented herein demonstrate that during the postpartum period, lactating mares have some similarities in follicular and hormonal profiles around emergence and deviation when compared with non-postpartum cycling mares. However, some peculiar and important characteristics were noticed during the postpartum period in lactating mares: (1) The emergence of the DF occurs around the day of parturition; (2) follicle deviation in the ovulatory wave occurs earlier during the foal heat than in other intervals; (3) lower FSH and LH systemic concentrations were not detrimental enough to prevent the rapid resumption of ovarian activity just after parturition; and (4) the association between parturition and season can have an additional and confounding effect during postpartum ovarian activity in mares. The novel findings of this study provide better knowledge of the resumption of ovarian activity after parturition and may help provide insight into the reproductive management of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Pastorello
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Melba O Gastal
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA; Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniel B Godoi
- Department of Veterinary, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L Gastal
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA; Department of Veterinary, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Goodman RL, Herbison AE, Lehman MN, Navarro VM. Neuroendocrine control of gonadotropin-releasing hormone: Pulsatile and surge modes of secretion. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13094. [PMID: 35107859 PMCID: PMC9948945 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The concept that different systems control episodic and surge secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was well established by the time that GnRH was identified and formed the framework for studies of the physiological roles of GnRH, and later kisspeptin. Here, we focus on recent studies identifying the neural mechanisms underlying these two modes of secretion, with an emphasis on their core components. There is now compelling data that kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus that also contain neurokinin B (NKB) and dynorphin (i.e., KNDy cells) and their projections to GnRH dendrons constitute the GnRH pulse generator in mice and rats. There is also strong evidence for a similar role for KNDy neurons in sheep and goats, and weaker data in monkeys and humans. However, whether KNDy neurons act on GnRH dendrons and/or GnRH soma and dendrites that are found in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) of these species remains unclear. The core components of the GnRH/luteinising hormone surge consist of an endocrine signal that initiates the process and a neural trigger that drives GnRH secretion during the surge. In all spontaneous ovulators, the core endocrine signal is a rise in estradiol secretion from the maturing follicle(s), with the site of estrogen positive feedback being the rostral periventricular kisspeptin neurons in rodents and neurons in the MBH of sheep and primates. There is considerable species variations in the neural trigger, with three major classes. First, in reflex ovulators, this trigger is initiated by coitus and carried to the hypothalamus by neural or vascular pathways. Second, in rodents, there is a time of day signal that originates in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and activates rostral periventricular kisspeptin neurons and GnRH soma and dendrites. Finally, in sheep nitric oxide-producing neurons in the ventromedial nucleus, KNDy neurons and rostral kisspeptin neurons all appear to participate in driving GnRH release during the surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Goodman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Allan E. Herbison
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael N. Lehman
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Victor M. Navarro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Gastal MO, Pastorello M, B Godoi D, L Gastal E. Dominant follicle and gonadotropin dynamics before ovulation in postpartum lactating mares. Mol Reprod Dev 2022; 89:113-124. [PMID: 35001447 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the dominant follicle (DF) and gonadotropin dynamics for 9 days before ovulation in postpartum lactating (PP Lactating) versus non-postpartum cycling (N-PP Cycling) mares. Every PP Lactating mare on the day of parturition was paired with a N-PP Cycling mare, and the data analyses considered the partum-ovulation interval (POI) and the postpartum interovulatory interval (PPIOI) in PP Lactating mares and two interovulatory intervals in N-PP Cycling mares. The results of the present study revealed several novel and unique aspects of DF development and FSH and LH dynamics before ovulation in PP Lactating mares when compared with N-PP Cycling mares. The most remarkable differences between both groups of mares were the following: (1) a shorter interval to ovulation in PP Lactating mares during the foal heat (POI ≤22 days) compared with all other intervals; (2) a larger DF in PP Lactating mares, and an earlier day of DF at maximum diameter during the foal heat; and (3) lower gonadotropin levels in PP Lactating mares. Regarding the particularities, PP Lactating mares had lower LH levels during the POI than the PPIOI, demonstrating a strong partum effect; spring-foaled mares had longer POIs, larger DF diameters, and lower LH levels; and lower body condition scores and higher body-weight loss led to longer POIs and smaller DF diameters in PP Lactating mares. This study contributes to a broad understanding of ovarian function in the postpartum mare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melba O Gastal
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA.,Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Marilia Pastorello
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel B Godoi
- Department of Veterinary, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L Gastal
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA.,Department of Veterinary, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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8
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Gastal EL, Pastorello M, Godoi DB, Gastal MO. Reproductive patterns and follicular waves in postpartum lactating versus non-postpartum cycling mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 107:103732. [PMID: 34802620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This comparative study between postpartum lactating (PP Lactating) and non-postpartum cycling (N-PP Cycling) mares aimed to characterize reproductive patterns, types and frequencies of follicular waves, corpus luteum and endometrial echotexture dynamics, and the influence of season and body condition. Mares from each group were paired considering the day of parturition of a PP Lactating mare. The partum-ovulation interval (POI) and the postpartum interovulatory interval (PPIOI) were evaluated for PP Lactating mares, and 2 IOIs were evaluated for N-PP Cycling mares. The following observations were made: (i) PP Lactating mares have several different reproductive patterns, such as continuous reproductive activity (i.e., short or long POIs followed by a PPIOI), ovarian inactivity after the first postpartum ovulation, or continuous ovarian inactivity (postpartum anestrous phase); (ii) a greater total number of minor waves was seen in PP Lactating mares; (iii) major primary follicular waves (i.e., ovulatory) emerge around the day of parturition in mares with short POIs; (iv) the season of parturition (spring season), decrease in body condition score, and body-weight loss can have an associated detrimental effect in PP Lactating mares by increasing the total number of minor follicular waves and, consequently, the POI length; (v) endometrial echotexture scores are higher during the POI and can be influenced by the season of parturition; and (vi) corpus luteum development and demise are similar between PP Lactating and N-PP Cycling mares. This study provides, for the first time, detailed information about reproductive physiological aspects during the postpartum period and may facilitate the interpretation of gynecological practices during the foal heat and subsequent IOI in mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo L Gastal
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA; Department of Veterinary, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Marilia Pastorello
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel B Godoi
- Department of Veterinary, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Melba O Gastal
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA; Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Ma L, Li Z, Ma Z, Ma J, Zhao F. Immunization Against Inhibin Promotes Fertility in Cattle: A Meta-Analysis and Quality Assessment. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:687923. [PMID: 34621805 PMCID: PMC8490720 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.687923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Superovulation and embryo transfer techniques are important methods in cattle breeding. Combined with traditional superovulation protocols, immunization against inhibin can further improve follicular development and embryo yield. The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of immunization against inhibin in improving the fertility of cattle through meta-analysis and to provide better clinical veterinary practice guidance. Three English databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science) were searched for research articles of immunizations against inhibin influence on cattle fertility. Literature screening, data extraction, and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. In addition, the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk-of-bias (RoB) tool was used to assess the risk of bias of the included animal studies. Potentially relevant studies (317) were identified, and finally 14 eligible studies (all in English) were included. The results of meta-analysis revealed that immunization against inhibin has significant effects on improving the number of ovulations [mean difference (MD) = 0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (0.31, 0.56)], embryos and unfertilized ova [MD = 4.51, 95% CI = (2.28, 6.74)], follicles of the three size categories, the incidence of multiple ovulations [OR = 22.50, 95% CI = (8.13, 62.27)], and the conception rate [OR = 2.36, 95% CI = (1.26, 4.40)]. Moreover, it improved the production of embryos [grades 1 embryos: MD = 3.84, (3.54, 4.15); grade 2 embryos: MD = -0.73, (-0.89, -0.57); grade 3 embryos: MD = -0.50, (-0.75, -0.25); degenerated embryos: MD = 1.16, (-0.51, 2.82); transferable embryos: MD = 2.67, (2.03, 3.31)] and the number of corpora lutea [MD = 1.25, 95% CI = (0.79, 1.71)]. In the above indicators, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (all p < 0.0001). Additionally, according to the quality evaluation results, the risk of bias in the included studies is relatively high. The quality evaluation of the results of the included studies showed that the risk of bias mainly concentrated in the selective, performance, detection, and reporting of bias aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- LingLi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - ZhongRen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - JianBo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Ecology and Population Health in Northwest Minority Areas, Medicine of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
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10
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Lin XH, Lass G, Kong LS, Wang H, Li XF, Huang HF, O’Byrne KT. Optogenetic Activation of Arcuate Kisspeptin Neurons Generates a Luteinizing Hormone Surge-Like Secretion in an Estradiol-Dependent Manner. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:775233. [PMID: 34795643 PMCID: PMC8593229 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.775233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, the anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) nucleus has been the brain area associated with luteinizing hormone (LH) surge secretion in rodents. However, the role of the other population of hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons, in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), has been less well characterized with respect to surge generation. Previous experiments have demonstrated ARC kisspeptin knockdown reduced the amplitude of LH surges, indicating that they have a role in surge amplification. The present study used an optogenetic approach to selectively stimulate ARC kisspeptin neurons and examine the effect on LH surges in mice with different hormonal administrations. LH level was monitored from 13:00 to 21:00 h, at 30-minute intervals. Intact Kiss-Cre female mice showed increased LH secretion during the stimulation period in addition to displaying a spontaneous LH surge around the time of lights off. In ovariectomized Kiss-Cre mice, optogenetic stimulation was followed by a surge-like secretion of LH immediately after the stimulation period. Ovariectomized Kiss-Cre mice with a low dose of 17β-estradiol (OVX+E) replacement displayed a surge-like increase in LH release during period of optic stimulation. No LH response to the optic stimulation was observed in OVX+E mice on the day of estradiol benzoate (EB) treatment (day 1). However, after administration of progesterone (day 2), all OVX+E+EB+P mice exhibited an LH surge during optic stimulation. A spontaneous LH surge also occurred in these mice at the expected time. Taken together, these results help to affirm the fact that ARC kisspeptin may have a novel amplificatory role in LH surge production, which is dependent on the gonadal steroid milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Hua Lin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geffen Lass
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Si Kong
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Songjiang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - He-Feng Huang
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin T. O’Byrne
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kevin T. O’Byrne, kevin.o’
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11
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Ignácio FS, Montechiesi DF, Bergfelt DR, Orlandi CMB, Carvalho LR, Puoli Filho NJ, Meira C. Ultrasound-guided aspiration of dominant follicles (≥25 mm) followed by luteinization and progesterone production during the estrous cycle in mares. Theriogenology 2020; 160:128-133. [PMID: 33217626 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate luteinization rates subsequent to aspiration of dominant follicles (≥25 mm) in the absence of a functional CL (progesterone <1 ng/mL) and characterize the temporal changes in plasma concentrations of progesterone following aspiration-induced luteinization during the estrous cycle in mares. A total of 29 estrous cycles involving 15 mares in a cross-over design were randomly assigned to five groups: 1) ASP-F≥25 mm (n = 6; follicle aspiration 25-29 mm), 2) ASP-F≥30 mm (n = 6; follicle aspiration 30-34 mm), 3) ASP-F≥35 mm (n = 6; follicle aspiration 35-40 mm), 4) ASP-F≥40 (n = 6; follicle aspiration ≥40), and 5) Control (n = 5; spontaneous ovulation or no follicle aspiration). Subsequent to ovulation (Day 0), PGF was administered to all groups on Day 5, blood samples were collected daily and aspiration of the dominant follicle was done using ultrasound-guided transvaginal follicle needle puncture. Among the follicle aspirations groups 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, and ≥40 mm, the luteinization rates were not different (P > 0.05) at 83, 67, 83, and 100%, respectively. Correspondingly, progesterone concentrations increased (>2 ng/mL) by approximately 6, 7, 5, and 4 d after aspiration, respectively, which were delayed (P < 0.05) in the 25-29 and 30-34 mm follicle aspiration groups compared to 2 d after ovulation in the control group. Thereafter, progesterone reached maximal concentrations (10-11 ng/mL) as averaged over all aspiration groups but were lower (P < 0.05) compared to the mean maximal concentration (18 ng/mL) in the control group. Subsequently, there was a decrease in progesterone concentrations (<2 ng/mL) in response to luteolysis, which was delayed (P < 0.05) in the aspiration groups over Days 16-20 compared to Day 15 in the control group. Despite this discrepancy, the mean length of the interovulatory intervals were not different (P > 0.05) among groups on Day 23. Thus, the present study provided novel information that the luteinization rate is relatively high (83%) and consistent following aspiration of dominant follicles (≥25 mm) in the absence of a functional CL and that the increase in progesterone reaches sustainable progestational concentrations (≥2 ng/mL) in accord with the length of the estrous cycle that may potentially support development and maintenance of early pregnancy in recipient mares involved in an embryo transfer program.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Ignácio
- Sao Paulo State- University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil; Faculdade Eduvale de Avaré, Medicina Veterinária, Avaré, Sao Paulo, 18705-050, Brazil.
| | - D F Montechiesi
- Sao Paulo State- University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - D R Bergfelt
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis.
| | - C M B Orlandi
- Sao Paulo State- University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil; Universidade Brasil, Mestrado Stricto Sensu Profissional Em Produção Animal, Descalvado, Sao Paulo, 13690-000, Brazil
| | - L R Carvalho
- Sao Paulo State- University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - N J Puoli Filho
- Sao Paulo State- University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - C Meira
- Sao Paulo State- University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil.
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12
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Liu Q, Cui D, Cong G, Ma J, Yu J, Ji C, Zeng S. Timed Artificial Insemination by Combining Estrous Behavior Observation With Deslorelin Treatment in Jennies. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 95:103279. [PMID: 33276933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal time for ovulation induction and artificial insemination (AI) based on the relationship between estrous behavior and ovulation in jennies. Thirty-two jennies were teased by one jackass for 1 hour per day during 46 days and estrous behaviors were recorded, while the follicular development and ovulation was examined by ultrasound. Furthermore, another 31 jennies were teased by one jackass as the teasing group (group T), which were injected with Deslorelin at 2 and 4 days after the onset of estrus, and AI was performed at 8 hours after each injection. Moreover, Ultrasound was performed on the follicle development of 23 jennies as the ultrasonography group (group U). Injection with Deslorelin when the follicle diameter ≥ 30 mm, and AI was performed at 8 hours later. The results showed that mouth clapping was the specific estrous behavior of jennies and indicated the beginning of estrus. The mean time for jennies to develop dominant follicles (≥30 mm) after the onset of estrus was 3.5 ± 1.3 days, and the mean time between the onset of estrus and ovulation was 5.1 ± 1.5 days. Estrous behaviors ended 0.5 ± 1.2 days after ovulation. After AI, there were no significant differences in ovulation (96.8% vs. 91.3%) and conception rates (40.0% vs. 38.1%) between group T and U. The optimal breeding time of jennies can be determined by jackass teasing and hastening ovulation by Deslorelin injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Daiyong Cui
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guanglei Cong
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinliang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanliang Ji
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co. Ltd., Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Shenming Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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13
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Piotrowska-Tomala KK, Jonczyk AW, Skarzynski DJ, Szóstek-Mioduchowska AZ. Luteinizing hormone and ovarian steroids affect in vitro prostaglandin production in the equine myometrium and endometrium. Theriogenology 2020; 153:1-8. [PMID: 32416544 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) play crucial roles in the regulation of the oestrus cycle and establishment of pregnancy in animals. Luteinizing hormone (LH) and ovarian steroids are involved in regulating endometrial PG production in many species. Their effects on PG production and associated pathways in the mare myometrium and endometrium are the subjects of our interest. This study aimed to evaluate the specific effects of LH and ovarian steroids on equine myometrial and endometrial tissues on (i) PGE2 and PGF2α secretion and (ii) transcription of genes encoding specific enzymes responsible for PG synthesis, such as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS2), PGE2 synthases (PGES), PGF2α synthases (PGFS), and PGI2 synthases (PGIS), using equine myometrial and endometrial explants. Equine myometrial and endometrial tissues were collected at the mid-luteal (n = 6) and follicular (n = 6) phases of the oestrus cycle and were exposed to: (1) vehicle (control), (2) arachidonic acid (AA, 50 ng/mL, positive control), (3) LH (10 ng/mL), (4) progesterone (P4, 10-7M) and (5) 17-β oestradiol (E2, 10-9M) for 24 h. After exposure, PGF2α and PGE2 concentrations were determined using direct enzyme immunoassays. Alterations in PG synthase mRNA expression were determined using RT-qPCR. After 24 h, LH and P4 increased PGE2 and PGF2α secretion by myometrial tissues at the mid-luteal phase (P < 0.05), whereas PG secretion was augmented by LH and E2 during the follicular phase (P < 0.01). In contrast, LH and E2 increased PGE2 and PGF2α secretion by endometrial tissues during the mid-luteal phase (P < 0.05), while E2 enhanced PGE2 secretion during the follicular phase of the oestrus cycle (P < 0.01). These results indicate that LH and ovarian steroids modulate PG production in equine myometrial and endometrial tissues and affect PG synthase expression at the mRNA level. We conclude that the equine myometrium is an alternative source of PG production and participates in the regulation of uterus function during the oestrus cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Piotrowska-Tomala
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - A W Jonczyk
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - D J Skarzynski
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - A Z Szóstek-Mioduchowska
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
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14
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Montani DA, Braga DPDAF, Borges E, Camargo M, Cordeiro FB, Pilau EJ, Gozzo FC, Fraietta R, Lo Turco EG. Understanding mechanisms of oocyte development by follicular fluid lipidomics. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:1003-1011. [PMID: 31011990 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to provide a non-invasive approach to studying mechanisms responsible for oocyte development. METHODS To this end, follicular fluid (FF) from 62 patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles was split into two groups depending on the pregnancy outcome: pregnant (n = 28) and non-pregnant (n = 34) groups. Data were acquired by the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied to the data set. A ROC curve, to predict success rate, was constructed, and the lipids were attributed. RESULTS Six ions were differentially represented in FF of pregnant and non-pregnant patients, with an area under the curve of 0.962. Phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, and triacylglycerol were hyper-represented in the pregnant group, while glucosylceramide was hyper-represented in the non-pregnant group. Enriched functions related to these lipids are steroidogenesis, cellular response, signal transduction, cell cycle, and activation of protein kinase C for the pregnant group and apoptosis inhibition for the non-pregnant group. CONCLUSION Human FF fingerprinting can both improve the understanding concerning mechanisms responsible for oocyte development and its effect on embryo implantation potential and assist in the management of IVF cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Antunes Montani
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Sao Paulo Federal University, Rua Embau, 231, CEP: 04039-060, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Paes de Almeida Ferreira Braga
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Sao Paulo Federal University, Rua Embau, 231, CEP: 04039-060, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Fertility Medical Group, Av. Brigadeiro Luiz Antônio, 4545, CEP: 04511-010, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Edson Borges
- Fertility Medical Group, Av. Brigadeiro Luiz Antônio, 4545, CEP: 04511-010, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Camargo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Sao Paulo Federal University, Rua Embau, 231, CEP: 04039-060, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bertuccez Cordeiro
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Sao Paulo Federal University, Rua Embau, 231, CEP: 04039-060, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Km. 30.5 Via Perimetral, CEP: 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Jorge Pilau
- Department of Chemistry, Maringa State University, Avenida Colombo, 5790, CEP: 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Fábio Cesar Gozzo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, R. Josué de Castro, 126, CEP: 13083-861, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Fraietta
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Sao Paulo Federal University, Rua Embau, 231, CEP: 04039-060, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson Guimarães Lo Turco
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, Sao Paulo Federal University, Rua Embau, 231, CEP: 04039-060, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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15
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Regan SLP, Knight PG, Yovich JL, Arfuso F, Dharmarajan A. Growth hormone during in vitro fertilization in older women modulates the density of receptors in granulosa cells, with improved pregnancy outcomes. Fertil Steril 2019; 110:1298-1310. [PMID: 30503129 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of aging and granulosa cell growth hormone receptor (GHR) expression, and the effect of growth hormone (GH) co-treatment during IVF on receptor expression. DESIGN Laboratory study. SETTING University. PATIENT(S) A total of 445 follicles were collected from 62 women undergoing standard infertility treatment. INTERVENTION(S) Preovulatory ovarian follicle biopsies of granulosa cells and follicular fluid. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Older women with a poor ovarian reserve were co-treated with GH to determine the effect of the adjuvant during IVF on the granulosal expression density of FSH receptor (FSHR), LH receptor (LHR), bone morphogenetic hormone receptor (BMPR1B), and GHR. Ovarian reserve, granulosa cell receptor density, oocyte quality, and pregnancy and live birth rates were determined. RESULT(S) Growth hormone co-treatment increased the receptor density for granulosal FSHR, BMPR1B, LHR, and GHR compared with the non-GH-treated patients of the same age and ovarian reserve. Growth hormone co-treatment increased GHR density, which may increase GHR activity. The GH co-treatment was associated with a significant increase in pregnancy rate. CONCLUSION(S) Growth hormone co-treatment restored the preovulatory down-regulation of FSHR, BMPR1B, and LHR density of the largest follicles, which may improve the maturation process of luteinization in older patients with reduced ovarian reserve. The fertility of the GH-treated patients improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena L P Regan
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
| | - Phil G Knight
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - John L Yovich
- PIVET Medical Centre, Perth, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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16
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Inhibin anti-peptide antibody macromolecule: An approach to improve fecundity in Clarias batrachus. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:195-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone associated with follicle selection, number of follicles, and ipsilateral vs contralateral relationships in mares. Theriogenology 2018; 113:159-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Tazawa SP, Gastal MO, Silva LA, Evans MJ, Gastal EL. Preovulatory Follicle Dynamics, and Ovulatory and Endometrial Responses to Different Doses of hCG and Prediction of Ovulation in Mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Meyers-Brown GA, Loud MC, Hyland JC, Roser JF. Deep anestrous mares under natural photoperiod treated with recombinant equine FSH (reFSH) and LH (reLH) have fertile ovulations and become pregnant. Theriogenology 2017; 98:108-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Abdelnaby EA, Abo El-Maaty AM. Dynamics of Follicular Blood Flow, Antrum Growth, and Angiogenic Mediators in Mares From Deviation to Ovulation. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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21
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22
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Ginther OJ. Systemic and intrafollicular components of follicle selection in mares. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2017; 59:116-133. [PMID: 28113119 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mares are superb models for study of follicle selection owing to similarities between mares and women in relative follicle diameters at specific events during the follicular wave and follicle accessibility for experimental sampling and manipulation. Usually, only 1 major follicular wave with a dominant follicle (DF) greater than 30 mm develops during the 22 to 24 d of the equine estrous cycle and is termed the primary or ovulatory wave. A major secondary wave occasionally (25%) develops early in the cycle. Follicles of the primary wave emerge at 6 mm on day 10 or 11 (day 0 = ovulation). The 2 largest follicles begin to deviate in diameter on day 16 when the future DF and largest subordinate follicle (SF) are 23 mm and 20 mm, respectively. The deviation process begins the day before diameter deviation as indicated in the future DF but not in the future SF by (1) increase in prominence of an anechoic layer and vascular perfusion of the wall and (2) increase in follicular-fluid concentrations of IGF1, vascular endothelial growth factor, estradiol, and inhibin-A. A systemic component of the deviation process is represented by suppression of circulating FSH from secretion of inhibin and estradiol from the developing DF. Production of inhibin is stimulated by IGF1 and LH, and estradiol is stimulated by LH and not by IGF1 in mares. A local intrafollicular component involves the production of IGF1, which apparently increases the responsiveness of the future DF to FSH. The roles of the IGF system have been well studied in mares, but the effect of IGF1 on increasing the sensitivity of the follicle cells to FSH is based primarily on studies in other species. The greater response of the future DF than the SF to the low concentrations of FSH is the essence of selection. During the common growth phase that precedes deviation, diameter of the 2 largest follicles increases in parallel on average when normalized to emergence or retrospectively to deviation. Study of individual waves indicates that (1) the 2 follicles change ranks (relative diameters) during the common growth phase in about 30% of primary waves and (2) after ablation of 1, 2, or 3 of the largest follicles at the expected beginning of deviation, the next largest retained follicle becomes the DF indicating that several follicles have the capacity for dominance; therefore, it is proposed that the deviation process represents the entire mechanism of follicle selection in mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Ginther
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI 53528, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Brito L, Baldrighi J, Wolf C, Ginther O. Effect of GnRH and hCG on progesterone concentration and ovarian and luteal blood flow in diestrous mares. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 176:64-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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24
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Endometrial prostaglandin synthases, ovarian steroids, and oxytocin receptors in mares with oxytocin-induced luteal maintenance. Theriogenology 2017; 87:193-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Ginther OJ, Baldrighi JM, Castro T, Wolf CA, Santos VG. Concentrations of progesterone, a metabolite of PGF2α, prolactin, and luteinizing hormone during development of idiopathic persistent corpus luteum in mares. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2016; 55:114-22. [PMID: 26808976 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In experiment 1, daily blood samples were available from Days 0 to 20 (Day 0 = ovulation) in mares with an interovulatory interval (IOI, n = 5) and in mares that developed idiopathic persistent corpus luteum (PCL, n = 5). The PCL was confirmed by maintenance of progesterone (P4) concentration until end of the experiment (Day 20). Significant interactions of group and day revealed the novel findings that luteinizing hormone (LH) was lower (P < 0.05) in the PCL group than that in the IOI group on Days 0 to 4, and prolactin was lower (P < 0.05) on Days 1, 4, 6, and 7. In experiment 2, treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (n = 6) significantly reduced LH on Days 1 to 6 compared with the controls (n = 6) but did not support the hypothesis that low LH during the postovulatory period increases the frequency of PCL. In experiment 3, P4, PGFM (a PGF2α metabolite), and prolactin concentrations on Days 12 to 20 from 2 reported experiments were combined to increase the number of mares with an IOI (n = 11) or a PCL (n = 11). An abrupt and complete decrease in P4 (luteolysis) began on Day 13 in the IOI group compared with a gradual and partial P4 decline after Day 12 in the PCL group. Concentrations of PGFM and prolactin were lower (P < 0.05) in the PCL group than those in the IOI group on the day at the end of the most pronounced decrease in P4. The PCL mares were subgrouped into those with an abrupt but incomplete P4 decrease (partial luteolysis; n = 5) at the expected time and those without partial luteolysis (n = 6). There were no significant differences between the 2 subgroups in concentrations of PGFM and prolactin, but on a tentative basis (P < 0.10), the concentration of PGFM seemed more focused on the day of the most pronounced decrease in P4 in the subgroup with partial luteolysis. Results for PCL compared with IOI indicated (1) postovulatory LH and prolactin were lower, (2) treatment to reduce postovulatory LH did not increase the incidence, and (3) both PGFM and prolactin were lower on the day of the most pronounced decrease in P4.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Ginther
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI 53528, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - J M Baldrighi
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI 53528, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - T Castro
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI 53528, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - C A Wolf
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI 53528, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia-DF, 70040-020, Brazil
| | - V G Santos
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI 53528, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Bashir ST, Gastal MO, Tazawa SP, Tarso SGS, Hales DB, Cuervo-Arango J, Baerwald AR, Gastal EL. The mare as a model for luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome: intrafollicular endocrine milieu. Reproduction 2016; 151:271-83. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Luteinized unruptured follicle (LUF) syndrome is a recurrent anovulatory dysfunction that affects up to 23% of women with normal menstrual cycles and up to 73% with endometriosis. Mechanisms underlying the development of LUF syndrome in mares were studied to provide a potential model for human anovulation. The effect of extended increase in circulating LH achieved by administration of recombinant equine LH (reLH) or a short surge of LH and decrease in progesterone induced by prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) on LUF formation (Experiment 1), identification of an optimal dose of COX-2 inhibitor (flunixin meglumine, FM; to block the effect of prostaglandins) for inducing LUFs (Experiment 2), and evaluation of intrafollicular endocrine milieu in LUFs (Experiment 3) were investigated. In Experiment 1, mares were treated with reLH from Day 7 to Day 15 (Day 0=ovulation), PGF2α on Day 7, or in combination. In Experiment 2, FM at doses of 2.0 or 3.0 mg/kg every 12 h and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (1500 IU) were administered after a follicle ≥32 mm was detected. In Experiment 3, FM at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg every 12 h plus hCG was used to induce LUFs and investigate the intrafollicular endocrine milieu. No LUFs were induced by reLH or PGF2α treatment; however, LUFs were induced in 100% of mares using FM. Intrafollicular PGF2α metabolite, PGF2α, and PGE2were lower and the ratio of PGE2:PGF2α was higher in the induced LUF group. Higher levels of intrafollicular E2 and total primary sex steroids were observed in the induced LUF group along with a tendency for higher levels of GH, cortisol, and T; however, LH, PRL, VEGF-A, and NO did not differ between groups. In conclusion, this study reveals part of the intrafollicular endocrine milieu and the association of prostaglandins in LUF formation, and indicates that the mare might be an appropriate model for studying the poorly understood LUF syndrome.
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Yan L, Li H, Shi Z. Immunization against inhibin improves in vivo and in vitro embryo production. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 163:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Castro T, Oliveira FA, Siddiqui MAR, Baldrighi JM, Wolf CA, Ginther OJ. Stimulation of LH, FSH, and luteal blood flow by GnRH during the luteal phase in mares. Theriogenology 2015; 85:740-6. [PMID: 26600292 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A study was performed on the effect of a single dose per mare of 0 (n = 9), 100 (n = 8), or 300 (n = 9) of GnRH on Day 10 (Day 0 = ovulation) on concentrations of LH, FSH, and progesterone (P4) and blood flow to the CL ovary. Hormone concentration and blood flow measurements were performed at hours 0 (hour of treatment), 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. Blood flow was assessed by spectral Doppler ultrasonography for resistance to blood flow in an ovarian artery before entry into the CL ovary. The percentage of the CL with color Doppler signals of blood flow was estimated from videotapes of real-time color Doppler imaging by an operator who was unaware of mare identity, hour, or treatment dose. Concentrations of LH and FSH increased (P < 0.05) at hour 0.25 and decreased (P < 0.05) over hours 1 to 6; P4 concentration was not altered by treatment. Blood flow resistance decreased between hours 0 and 1, but the decrease was greater (P < 0.05) for the 100-μg dose than for the 300-μg dose. The percentage of CL with blood flow signals increased (P < 0.05) between hours 0 and 1 with no significant difference between the 100- and 300-μg doses. The results supported the hypothesis that GnRH increases LH concentration, vascular perfusion of the CL ovary, and CL blood flow during the luteal phase; however, P4 concentration was not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Castro
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin, USA; Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - F A Oliveira
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - M A R Siddiqui
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - J M Baldrighi
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - C A Wolf
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - O J Ginther
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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Long-term characteristics of idiopathic persistent corpus luteum in the mare. Theriogenology 2015; 84:242-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hormonal, luteal, and follicular changes during initiation of persistent corpus luteum in mares. Theriogenology 2014; 83:757-65. [PMID: 25497782 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mares with persistent CL (PCL) with no known etiology (idiopathic) were matched with mares with an interovulatory interval (IOI) of apparent physiological length, so that ovulation at the beginning of each PCL and IOI occurred during the same month (n = 6/group). Blood samples were collected daily from Days 12 to 22 (Day 0 = ovulation). Mean progesterone (P4) decreased in both groups on Days 14 and 15 and then diverged with a continued decrease in the IOI group and the beginning of constant and greater (P < 0.05) P4 concentration on each day in the PCL group. Before P4 divergence between groups, P4 in the PCL group decreased either abruptly (apparent incomplete luteolysis) or gradually. Concentration of PGFM (a metabolite of PGF2α) was not different between groups and reached maximum on mean Day 15 in each group. After the divergence in P4 between groups, LH and estradiol (E2) remained low in the PCL group. There was no indication that an increase in a luteotropic effect of LH in the PCL group accounted for the divergence in P4. Differences in prolactin between the groups were inconclusive. The hypothesis that secretion of PGF2α at the time of expected luteolysis is defective in mares with idiopathic PCL was not supported. The hypothesis that E2 concentration before expected luteolysis is greater in mares with PCL than those without PCL was not supported; however, a difference on Day 12 approached significance (P < 0.06) and tentatively indicated greater E2 in the PCL group before the beginning of luteolysis.
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Gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases and LH receptors in mare follicular development. Theriogenology 2014; 82:1131-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Contri A, Robbe D, Gloria A, De Amicis I, Veronesi M, Carluccio A. Effect of the season on some aspects of the estrous cycle in Martina Franca donkey. Theriogenology 2014; 81:657-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kozai K, Hojo T, Tokuyama S, Szóstek AZ, Takahashi M, Sakatani M, Nambo Y, Skarzynski DJ, Okuda K. Expression of aldo-keto reductase 1C23 in the equine corpus luteum in different luteal phases. J Reprod Dev 2014; 60:150-4. [PMID: 24492656 PMCID: PMC3999394 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2013-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Regression of the corpus luteum (CL) is characterized by a decay in progesterone
(P4) production (functional luteolysis) and disappearance of luteal tissues
(structural luteolysis). In mares, structural luteolysis is thought to be caused by
apoptosis of luteal cells, but functional luteolysis is poorly understood.
20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20α-HSD) catabolizes P4 into its biologically
inactive form, 20α-hydroxyprogesterone (20α-OHP). In mares, aldo-keto reductase (AKR)
1C23, which is a member of the AKR superfamily, has 20α-HSD activity. To clarify whether
AKR1C23 is associated with functional luteolysis in mares, we investigated the expression
of AKR1C23 in the CL in different luteal phases. The luteal P4 concentration
and levels of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) mRNA were higher in the mid luteal
phase than in the late and regressed luteal phases (P<0.05), but the level of 3β-HSD
protein was higher in the late luteal phase than in the regressed luteal phase
(P<0.05). The luteal 20α-OHP concentration and the level of AKR1C23
mRNA were higher in the late luteal phase than in the early and mid luteal phases
(P<0.05), and the level of AKR1C23 protein was also highest in the late luteal phase.
Taken together, these findings suggest that metabolism of P4 by AKR1C23 is one
of the processes contributing to functional luteolysis in mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kozai
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Decourt C, Caraty A, Briant C, Guillaume D, Lomet D, Chesneau D, Lardic L, Duchamp G, Reigner F, Monget P, Dufourny L, Beltramo M, Dardente H. Acute Injection and Chronic Perfusion of Kisspeptin Elicit Gonadotropins Release but Fail to Trigger Ovulation in the Mare1. Biol Reprod 2014; 90:36. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.114157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Bastos H, Kretzmann N, Santos G, Esmeraldino A, Wolf C, Rechsteiner SF, Mattos R, Neves A. Folliculogenesis in mares: gene expression and immunohistochemical staining of LH receptors. J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2013.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Santos V, Beg M, Bettencourt E, Ginther O. Role of PGF2α in luteolysis based on inhibition of PGF2α synthesis in the mare. Theriogenology 2013; 80:812-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Meyers-Brown GA, McCue PM, Troedsson MHT, Klein C, Zent W, Ferris RA, Lindholm ARG, Scofield DB, Claes AN, Morganti M, Colgin MA, Wetzel RL, Peters AR, Roser JF. Induction of ovulation in seasonally anestrous mares under ambient lights using recombinant equine FSH (reFSH). Theriogenology 2013; 80:456-62. [PMID: 23768752 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, mares are put under artificial lights to advance the first ovulation of the year. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of recombinant equine FSH (reFSH) in stimulating follicular development and advancing the first ovulation of the year in seasonally anestrous mares compared with anestrous mares given a placebo. Both groups of mares were housed under ambient light conditions. Sixty deep anestrous mares of light horse breeds (follicular diameters ≤ 20 mm in diameter and progesterone <1 ng/mL) were maintained under a natural photoperiod at three different sites: University of California, Davis, Colorado State University, and University of Kentucky Gluck Centre. Twenty mares at each site were randomly allocated to receive either 0.65 mg of reFSH (group A: treatment; n = 10) or a placebo (group B: control; n = 10) twice daily by im beginning on January 31. Treatment continued until one or more preovulatory follicles developed or up to a maximum of 15 days. Randomized treatments were blinded. Follicular development was closely monitored by transrectal ultrasonography. When the largest follicle reached ≥ 35 mm in diameter, reFSH treatment was discontinued and an injection of 2500 international units of hCG was administered iv 36 hours later to induce ovulation. Jugular blood samples were collected daily from all mares at University of California, Davis, and processed for LH, FSH, progesterone, estradiol-17β, and immunoreactive-inhibin by RIA. All 30 mares receiving reFSH (group A) developed follicles ≥ 35 mm within 7.4 ± 1.6 days of treatment. Twenty-three of the 30 reFSH-treated mares (group A) ovulated within 72 hours after hCG administration. In contrast, mares in group B (placebo, control) did not exhibit significant follicular development and none ovulated within the 15-day observation period. Mares in group A had significantly higher plasma levels of FSH, estradiol-17β, and immunoreactive-inhibin during treatment but did not exhibit a preovulatory LH surge. Mares administered reFSH returned to anestrus and spontaneously ovulated at a similar calendar date as control mares. These data indicate that reFSH was effective in stimulating the development of ovarian follicles and advancing the first ovulation of the year in seasonally anestrous mares under ambient lights but was not successful in inducing continued cyclicity.
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Lehman MN, Hileman SM, Goodman RL. Neuroanatomy of the kisspeptin signaling system in mammals: comparative and developmental aspects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 784:27-62. [PMID: 23550001 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of kisspeptin and its actions depends, in part, on a detailed knowledge of the neuroanatomy of the kisspeptin signaling system in the brain. In this chapter, we will review our current knowledge of the distribution of kisspeptin cells, fibers, and receptors in the mammalian brain, including the development, phenotype, and projections of different kisspeptin subpopulations. A fairly consistent picture emerges from this analysis. There are two major groups of kisspeptin cell bodies: a large number in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and a smaller collection in the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3V) of rodents and preoptic area (POA) of non-rodents. Both sets of neurons project to GnRH cell bodies, which contain Kiss1r, and the ARC kisspeptin population also projects to GnRH axons in the median eminence. ARC kisspeptin neurons contain neurokinin B and dynorphin, while a variable percentage of those cells in the RP3V of rodents contain galanin and/or dopamine. Neurokinin B and dynorphin have been postulated to contribute to the control of GnRH pulses and sex steroid negative feedback, while the role of galanin and dopamine in rostral kisspeptin neurons is not entirely clear. Kisspeptin neurons, fibers, and Kiss1r are found in other areas, including widespread areas outside the hypothalamus, but their physiological role(s) in these regions remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Lehman
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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Altermatt J, Marolf A, Wrigley R, Carnevale E. Effects of FSH and LH on ovarian and follicular blood flow, follicular growth and oocyte developmental competence in young and old mares. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 133:191-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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41
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Ginther O. The end of the tour de force of the corpus luteum in mares. Theriogenology 2012; 77:1042-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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42
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Meyers-Brown G, Bidstrup L, Famula T, Colgin M, Roser J. Treatment with recombinant equine follicle stimulating hormone (reFSH) followed by recombinant equine luteinizing hormone (reLH) increases embryo recovery in superovulated mares. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 128:52-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Evans MJ, Alexander SL, Irvine CH, Kitson NE, Taylor TB. Administration of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist to mares at different times during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 127:188-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cuervo-Arango J, Beg M, Ginther O. Follicle and systemic hormone interrelationships during induction of luteinized unruptured follicles with a prostaglandin inhibitor in mares. Theriogenology 2011; 76:361-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ginther O, Cuervo-Arango J, Beg M. Disruption of periovulatory FSH and LH surges during induced anovulation by an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis in mares. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 126:91-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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46
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Ginther O, Fuenzalida MJ, Hannan MA, Beg MA. Pulsatility and Interrelationships of 13,14-Dihydro-15-Keto-PGF2alpha (PGFM), Luteinizing Hormone, Progesterone, and Estradiol in Heifers1. Biol Reprod 2011; 84:922-32. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.089953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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47
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Cuervo-Arango J. The Effect of Systemic Administration of Cloprostenol on Ovulation in Mares Treated with a Prostaglandin Synthetase Inhibitor. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 47:32-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01796.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Willmann C, Schuler G, Hoffmann B, Parvizi N, Aurich C. Effects of age and altrenogest treatment on conceptus development and secretion of LH, progesterone and eCG in early-pregnant mares. Theriogenology 2011; 75:421-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ferreira-Dias G, Costa AS, Mateus L, Korzekwa AJ, Galvão A, Redmer DA, Lukasik K, Szóstek AZ, Woclawek-Potocka I, Skarzynski DJ. Nitric oxide stimulates progesterone and prostaglandin E2 secretion as well as angiogenic activity in the equine corpus luteum. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2011; 40:1-9. [PMID: 20961721 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) are potential mediators of luteal development and maintenance, angiogenesis, and blood flow. The aim of this study was to evaluate (i) the localization and protein expression of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases (eNOS and iNOS) in equine corpora lutea (CL) throughout the luteal phase and (ii) the effect of a nitric oxide donor (spermine NONOate, NONOate) on the production of progesterone (P4) and prostaglandin (PG) E(2) and factor(s) that stimulate endothelial cell proliferation using equine luteal explants. Luteal tissue was classified as corpora hemorrhagica (CH; n = 5), midluteal phase CL (mid-CL; n = 5) or late luteal phase CL (late CL; n = 5). Both eNOS and iNOS were localized in large luteal cells and endothelial cells throughout the luteal phase. The expression of eNOS was the lowest in mid-CL (P < 0.05) and the highest in late CL (P < 0.05). However, no change was found for iNOS expression. Luteal explants were cultured with no hormone added or with NONOate (10(-5) M), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα; 10 ng/mL; positive control), or equine LH (100 ng/mL; positive control). Conditioned media by luteal tissues were assayed for P4 and PGE(2) and for their ability to stimulate proliferation of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). All treatments stimulated release of P4 in CH, but not in mid-CL. TNFα and NONOate treatments also increased PGE(2) levels and BAEC proliferation in CH (P < 0.05). However, in mid-CL, no changes were observed, regardless of the treatments used. These data suggest that NO and TNFα stimulate equine CH secretory functions and the production of angiogenic factor(s). Furthermore, in mares, NO may play a role in CL growth during early luteal development, when vascular development is more intense.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ferreira-Dias
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, TULisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
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