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McCue PM, Matthews PM, Prell MJ, Bellone RR, Allen H. Delayed embryonic development or a long sperm survival in two mares-A registration conundrum. Equine Vet J 2024; 56:131-136. [PMID: 36917554 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic testing is required for the registration of foals of most equine breeds. OBJECTIVES To describe two clinical cases of marked delayed embryonic development or delayed fertilisation in pregnancies generated by embryo transfer. STUDY DESIGN Case report. METHODS Donor mares were inseminated with semen from one stallion during one oestrous cycle and semen from a different stallion on the subsequent oestrous cycle. Embryo(s) were collected 8 days after ovulation during the second oestrous cycle and transferred into synchronised recipient mares. Genetic testing was performed to determine parentage of the two foals. RESULTS For both foals, DNA parentage testing excluded the second stallion as the genetic sire and confirmed that the first stallion, whose semen was inseminated on the previous oestrous cycle, was the actual genetic sire. MAIN LIMITATIONS Rare event in horses; two clinical cases are described. CONCLUSIONS It is hypothesised that either marked delayed embryonic development or extended sperm survival occurred in the donor mares. Without genetic testing, parentage assignment based solely on breeding records would have been incorrect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M McCue
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Philip M Matthews
- Peterson Smith Advanced Fertility Center, Peterson & Smith Equine Hospital, Ocala, Florida, USA
| | - Melissa J Prell
- Peterson Smith Advanced Fertility Center, Peterson & Smith Equine Hospital, Ocala, Florida, USA
| | - Rebecca R Bellone
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Heather Allen
- Bureau Veritas Laboratories, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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2
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McCue PM, Bisiau C, Divine C, May E. Congenital, Inherited Bilateral Amastia in a Quarter Horse Mare. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 128:104874. [PMID: 37419397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Congential amastia, a medical condition in which mammary tissue fails to develop, was detected in a 3-year-old Quarter Horse mare. The dam of the mare was also afflicted with amastia, suggesting that the condition was due to an inherited genetic mutation as noted in other species. In addition, on presentation the mare had a purulent vaginal discharge secondary to a pyometra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M McCue
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.
| | - Christian Bisiau
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Christina Divine
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Emily May
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
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3
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Kimball AL, Petrie MA, McCue PM, Johnson KA, Shields RK. Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Visceral Adipose Tissue Thickness among Lean and Non-Lean People with and without Spinal Cord Injury. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:123. [PMID: 37606417 PMCID: PMC10443282 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8030123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), multiple adaptations occur that influence metabolic health and life quality. Prolonged sitting and inactivity predispose people with SCI to body composition changes, such as increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) thickness, which is often associated with impaired glucose tolerance. Our goal is to understand whether VAT is an index of leanness, and, secondarily, whether mobility methods influence glucose tolerance for people living with SCI. A total of 15 people with SCI and 20 people without SCI had fasting oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and VAT thickness (leanness) measured during a single session. Glucose was 51% and 67% greater for individuals with SCI relative to those without SCI after 60 and 120 min of an OGTT (p < 0.001). Glucose area under the curve (AUC) was 28%, 34%, and 60% higher for non-lean people with SCI than lean people with SCI and non-lean and lean people without SCI, respectively (p = 0.05, p = 0.009, p < 0.001). VAT was associated with glucose AUC (R2 = 0.23, p = 0.004). Taken together, these findings suggest that leanness, as estimated from VAT, may be an important consideration when developing rehabilitation programs to influence metabolism among people with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Richard K. Shields
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.L.K.); (M.A.P.); (P.M.M.); (K.A.J.)
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4
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McCue PM, Matthews PM, Prell MJ, Bellone RR, Allen H. Delayed embryonic development or long sperm survival in embryo donor mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.103987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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H A Morris L, M McCue P, Aurich C. Equine endometritis: a review of challenges and new approaches. Reproduction 2021; 160:R95-R110. [PMID: 32805710 DOI: 10.1530/rep-19-0478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Endometritis in the mare begins as a normal physiological inflammatory response to breeding that involves both a mechanical and immunological response pathway activated to rid the uterus of semen and bacteria. With successful resolution of this inflammation, the mare's uterus will provide a hospitable environment for the development of the semi-allogenic conceptus. If the mare fails to resolve this inflammatory response within 48 h of breeding, she will become susceptible to persistent breeding-induced endometritis (PBIE) which will have detrimental effects on her fertility. This condition can then predispose the mare to bacterial or fungal endometritis leading to further degeneration of the endometrium. Optimisation of the mare's fertility requires a fine balance between allowing the natural immune response of the endometrium to its exposure to allogenic semen to run its course, and yet preventing its progression to PBIE or the involvement of infectious agents. This review discusses the challenges presented by PBIE, latent infections, biofilms, fungal infections and the need to utilise diagnostic methods available and implement targeted treatments to optimise fertility in the mare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P M McCue
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Christine Aurich
- Centre for Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Renaudin CD, Kelleman AA, Keel K, McCracken JL, Ball BA, Ferris RA, McCue PM, Dujovne G, Conley AJ. Equine granulosa cell tumours among other ovarian conditions: Diagnostic challenges. Equine Vet J 2020; 53:60-70. [PMID: 32391939 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulosa cell tumours (GCT) are the most common ovarian tumours in mares. While the classical presentation may not represent diagnostic challenges, diagnosis is not easy in the early stages. OBJECTIVES Illustrate the variability in the presentation and serum biomarkers associated with ovarian abnormalities in the mare. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS Nonclassical cases of GCTs and other ovarian conditions were identified and behaviour, GCT endocrine results, palpation and ultrasonographic findings are described and the diagnostic value of each is discussed. RESULTS Mares in this case series with GCTs had been presenting clinical signs ranging from no behavioural changes to behaviours including aggression, stallion-like and inability to work under saddle. Hormonal profiles of endocrinologically functional GCTs can be erratic and unpredictable. The clinical form and ultrasonographic appearance may also vary with time from an initially enlarged/anovulatory follicular structure that later develops a multicystic 'honeycomb' appearance. Mares with GCTs can also present with persistent anovulatory follicles or apparent luteal tissue that are unresponsive to treatment. If both ovaries are of relatively normal size and symmetry, but hormonal biomarkers are markedly increased (AMH >10 ng/mL, inhibin B and/or testosterone >100 pg/mL; 0.37 nmol/L), it is likely that a functional GCT is present. Still, it can be a challenge to decide which ovary to remove. Post-surgical endocrine testing can be helpful, especially if histopathology is not performed or a GCT is not found. MAIN LIMITATIONS Cases limited to 14. CONCLUSIONS Granulosa cell tumours present with a wide variety of clinical signs that do not fit what is commonly described as 'classic'. Only if AMH, testosterone and inhibin B concentrations are markedly increased, and there is an abnormally enlarged ovary, the diagnosis of a GCT is more confident. In the presence of normal size ovaries, normal hormonal biomarkers and abnormal behaviour, it is more likely that the ovaries are not involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine D Renaudin
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Audrey A Kelleman
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kevin Keel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Barry A Ball
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ryan A Ferris
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Patrick M McCue
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ghislaine Dujovne
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alan J Conley
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Shields RK, Dudley-Javoroski SA, Lee J, Dubey O, McCue PM, Johnson KA, Buelow A, Petrie MA, Cross S, Gutmann L, Nopoulos P. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 alters muscle twitch properties, spinal reflexes, and perturbation‐induced trans‐cortical reflexes. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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Petrie MA, Johnson KA, McCue PM, Suneja M, Shields RK. Low force exercise training using muscle stimulation adapts physiologic phenotype in people with Spinal Cord Injury. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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Lee J, Dudley-Javoroski SA, Dubey O, McCue PM, Johnson KA, Petrie MA, Shields RK. Cognitive function and regional body water analysis across the lifespan. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Parsons Aubone AM, Bisiau CM, McCue PM, Bouma GJ. Presence of Clock genes in equine full-term placenta. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5811452. [PMID: 32211788 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals have a circadian rhythm that is synchronized by a master clock located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The SCN regulates additional clocks located in peripheral tissues, including some involved in endocrine or reproductive functions. Studies in humans and mice report that molecular clocks also exist in the placenta. However, little is known about the presence of "Clock genes," namely Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK), Brain and Muscle Arnt-Like 1 (BMAL1), Period 1 (PER1), Period 2 (PER2), Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1), and Cryptochrome 2 (CRY2), in equine placenta. Pregnancy length in mares varies and shows fluctuations in hormone concentrations throughout pregnancy. We postulate that similar to humans and mice, Clock genes are present in the horse placentas. Our goal was to determine if relative levels of clock genes were different between placentas associated with males and female fetuses or correlated with gestational length. We used polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence to study the presence of CLOCK, BMAL1, PER1, PER2, CRY1, and CRY2 in full-term mare placentas. Clock genes were present in all placentas, with significant lower levels of CRY2 and CLOCK in placentas that were associated with male fetuses. There was no association between relative levels of Clock genes and gestational length. These data provide the stage for future studies aimed at uncovering a function for Clock genes in the horse placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata M Parsons Aubone
- Animal Reproduction & Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Christian M Bisiau
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Patrick M McCue
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Animal Reproduction & Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
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11
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Prell MJ, McCue PM, Moffett PD, Graham JK. Motility and Fertility Evaluation of Thawed Frozen Stallion Semen After 24 Hours of Cooled Storage. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 90:102983. [PMID: 32534766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.102983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Breeding mares with cryopreserved semen requires specialized equipment for storage and thawing and more intensive mare management. The objectives of this study were (1) evaluate the longevity of frozen stallion semen once it had been thawed, extended, and maintained at 5°C for 48 hours in a passive cooling container, and (2) determine fertility potential of frozen semen that had been thawed, extended, and used to inseminate mares after 24 hours of cooled storage. Eight ejaculates were collected and aliquots were cooled in either INRA96 and CryoMax LE minus cryoprotectant at a concentration of 50 million total sperm/mL. The remainder of the ejaculate was frozen in CryoMax LE extender at a concentration of 200 million total sperm/mL. Semen was thawed using 1 of 3 thawing protocols, and diluted to a concentration of 50 million total sperm/mL in either INRA96 or CryoMax LE minus cryoprotectant and cooled to 5°C. Sperm motility was evaluated at 24 and 48 hours. Eight mares were inseminated over two estrous cycles using frozen semen that had been thawed, extended in INRA96, and cooled for 24 hours. There was no difference in progressive motility at 24 or 48 hours of cooled-storage post-thaw between the 3 thawing protocols. An overall per cycle pregnancy rate of 56% (9/16 cycles) was achieved using frozen-thawed semen that had been extended and cooled for 24 hours. In summary, frozen stallion sperm was thawed, extended, and cooled to 5°C for 24 hours and still maintained adequate (>30%) sperm motility and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Prell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Patrick M McCue
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.
| | - Paula D Moffett
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - James K Graham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
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Devick IF, Leise BS, McCue PM, Rao S, Hendrickson DA. Ovarian histopathology, pre- and post-operative endocrinological analysis and behavior alterations in 27 mares undergoing bilateral standing laparoscopic ovariectomy. Can Vet J 2020; 61:181-186. [PMID: 32020939 PMCID: PMC6973214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Determining if ovariectomy will abolish unwanted behaviors can be challenging in mares without ultrasonographic ovarian abnormalities and/or endocrine values not consistent with a granulosa cell tumor. The objective of the study was to identify mares that have a positive improvement in unwanted behaviors after elective standing laparoscopic ovariectomy and to determine if the change is associated with any pre- and post-operative endocrine profiles and/or with ovarian histological findings. During the study period 27 mares underwent a bilateral standing laparoscopic ovariectomy. Pre- and post-operative questionnaires and endocrine profiles, along with ovarian histopathology were performed and data were analyzed. Eighty-nine percent of clients were satisfied with the change in behavior after surgery. There were no significant associations between specific elevated hormones or absent luteal tissue with any specific unwanted behaviors. Pre-operative endocrine values were not predictive of post-operative owner satisfaction but bilateral ovariectomy for the treatment of unwanted behaviors in mares had a high likelihood of achieving owner satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian F Devick
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (Devick, McCue, Rao, Hendrickson); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA (Leise)
| | - Britta S Leise
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (Devick, McCue, Rao, Hendrickson); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA (Leise)
| | - Patrick M McCue
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (Devick, McCue, Rao, Hendrickson); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA (Leise)
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (Devick, McCue, Rao, Hendrickson); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA (Leise)
| | - Dean A Hendrickson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (Devick, McCue, Rao, Hendrickson); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA (Leise)
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Aleman M, McCue PM, Chigerwe M, Madigan JE. Plasma concentrations of steroid precursors, steroids, neuroactive steroids, and neurosteroids in healthy neonatal foals from birth to 7 days of age. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:2286-2293. [PMID: 31489708 PMCID: PMC6766486 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction occurs in critically ill foals with sepsis and neonatal maladjustment syndrome (NMS). Cortisol is the most commonly measured steroid. However, a complex interaction of various steroid compounds might play a role in pathophysiology of this disorder. OBJECTIVE To identify steroid compounds present at high concentrations at birth that rapidly and steadily decrease within the first 7 days of life in healthy foals and that might be supportive diagnosis of NMS and other neonatal disorders. ANIMALS Ten healthy neonatal Quarter Horse foals (5 females and 5 males). METHODS Prospective study. Blood was collected in heparinized tubes within 30 minutes after birth, and at 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours of age. Plasma was separated and a panel of steroid compounds was analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A nonlinear regression model was used to determine decay concentrations over time. Confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and significance was set a P ≤ .05. RESULTS Five compounds were identified: pregnenolone, progesterone, deoxycorticosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Pregnenolone and progesterone concentrations rapidly decreased by 24 hours of age and remained low throughout the first 7 days of life. Their half-life (95% CI) was short at 3.7 (3.4, 4.0) and 4.5 (2.8, 6.1) hours, respectively. No statistical differences in the concentrations of these compounds were found between males and females. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Progesterone might be a useful marker for identifying continuous endogenous production of neuroactive steroids in foals with suspected NMS and other neonatal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Aleman
- Medicine and EpidemiologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCalifornia
| | | | - Munashe Chigerwe
- Medicine and EpidemiologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCalifornia
| | - John E. Madigan
- Medicine and EpidemiologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCalifornia
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Petrie MA, Lee J, Johnson KA, McCue PM, Sharma A, Suneja M, Taylor EB, Shields RK. Long‐Term Electrically‐Induced Muscle Exercise Duration Modulates Distinct Gene Signaling Pathways in People with Spinal Cord Injury. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.537.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Petrie
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
| | - Jinhyun Lee
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
| | - Kristin A Johnson
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
| | - Patrick M McCue
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
| | | | | | | | - Richard K Shields
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
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Lee JA, Dudley‐Javoroski SA, McCue PM, Johnson KA, Petrie MA, Shields RK. A Motor Response Offset Score Mitigates Apparent Differences in Cognitive Function between People with and without Spinal Cord Injury. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.738.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyun A Lee
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
| | | | - Patrick M McCue
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
| | - Kristin A Johnson
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
| | - Michael A Petrie
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
| | - Richard K Shields
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
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16
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Petrie MA, Kimball AL, Lee J, McCue PM, Johnson KA, Sharma A, Taylor EB, Shields RK. Low Frequency Electrically Induced Muscle Exercise Modulates Glucose Tolerance and Uric Acid Levels in People with SCI. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.868.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Petrie
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
| | - Amy L Kimball
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
| | - Jinhyun Lee
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
| | - Patrick M McCue
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
| | - Kristin A Johnson
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
| | | | | | - Richard K Shields
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Kimball
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Patrick M. McCue
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael A. Petrie
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Richard K. Shields
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Squires EL, Lexington K, McCue PM. In Memory: Robert (Bob) K. Shideler. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.05.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ferris RA, Palmer BA, Borlee BR, McCue PM. Ability of Chromogenic Agar, MALDI-TOF, API 20E and 20 Strep Strips, and BBL Crystal Enteric and Gram-Positive Identification Kits to Precisely Identify Common Equine Uterine Pathogens. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Trundell DA, Ferris RA, Hennet MR, Wittenburg LA, Gustafson DL, Borlee BR, McCue PM. Pharmacokinetics of Intrauterine Ciprofloxacin in the Mare and Establishment of Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations for Equine Uterine Bacterial Isolates. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Loncar KD, Ferris RA, McCue PM, Borlee GI, Hennet ML, Borlee BR. In Vitro Biofilm Disruption and Bacterial Killing Using Nonantibiotic Compounds Against Gram-Negative Equine Uterine Pathogens. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Burden CA, McCue PM, Ferris RA. Effect of Cloprostenol Administration on Interval to Subsequent Ovulation and Anovulatory Follicle Formation in Quarter Horse Mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hatzel JN, Bouma GJ, Cleys ER, Bemis LT, Ehrhart EJ, McCue PM. Identification of heat shock protein 10 within the equine embryo, endometrium, and maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Theriogenology 2015; 83:832-9. [PMID: 25542459 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Early pregnancy factor has been identified as a 10-kDa extracellular homolog of heat shock protein 10 (Hsp10). Hsp10 has been detected during early pregnancy in serum of mice, sheep, pigs, horses, cows, and humans by the rosette inhibition test. Hsp10 has also been associated with several neoplastic and autoimmune diseases. The goal of the present study was to determine if Hsp10 could be detected in the early equine embryo through the use of immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR. Additionally, analysis of systemically harvested peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from both pregnant and nonpregnant mares was evaluated to determine expression levels of HSP10. Embryos were collected from Quarter Horse mares by uterine lavage at either 8 or 25 days after ovulation. Collection and separation of PBMCs occurred on Day 8 for both pregnant and nonpregnant mares. Immunohistochemistry revealed cytoplasmic localization of HSP10 throughout the single layer of ectodermal cells forming the trophoblast in Day-8 embryos. Day-25 embryos demonstrated intense localization focally along the apical border of ectodermal cells forming the trophoblast layer of the developing chorion. There was no nuclear staining in either embryonic population. Quantitative real-time PCR detected the presence of mRNA for HSP10 in both 8- and 25-day equine embryos. Day-25 embryos exhibited an elevated degree of expression (P = 0.006) compared with the 8-day embryos for HSP10. Endometrial samples did not display any significant difference in degree of expression for HSP10 (P = 0.10). Finally, PBMCs from pregnant mares demonstrated elevated (P = 0.03) expression of HSP10 compared to the nonpregnant mares on Day 8 of the estrous cycle. This study confirmed the presence of HSP10 protein and mRNA expression of HSP10 in equine embryos at two maturation stages. Additionally, the presence of increased gene expression within PBMCs of pregnant mares suggests communication, possibly leading to necessary immunomodulatory effects between the embryo and mare.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Hatzel
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
| | - G J Bouma
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - E R Cleys
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - L T Bemis
- Department of Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - E J Ehrhart
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - P M McCue
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Bohn AA, Ferris RA, McCue PM. Comparison of equine endometrial cytology samples collected with uterine swab, uterine brush, and low-volume lavage from healthy mares. Vet Clin Pathol 2014; 43:594-600. [PMID: 25208767 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been no studies evaluating and comparing the quality of equine endometrial cytology samples obtained via the 3 most common sampling techniques from healthy mares. OBJECTIVES The objective was to compare the quality and contents of equine endometrial samples obtained by 3 different sampling techniques: double-guarded uterine swab, double-guarded uterine brush, and low-volume lavage (LVL), all collected from clinically healthy mares. METHODS Samples were collected from 24 healthy mares in early estrus. In 19 mares, samples were obtained in a sequential manner, first with the swab, then with the brush, followed by LVL. Cytologic evaluation included estimates of quality, cellularity, and presence of inflammatory cells. The clinical pathologist performing the evaluations was blinded to the collection technique. The Friedman test with Dunn's multiple comparisons was used to compare rankings of quality, cellularity, and the presence or absence of inflammatory cells. Observed cytologic differences were described. RESULTS All techniques provided diagnostic samples, but swabs yielded the lowest quality sample. In our hands, the uterine brush provided the highest quality sample. Low-volume lavage samples contained higher numbers of neutrophils, although, in general, < 1 neutrophil/400× field is expected for all endometrial sampling techniques in healthy mares. CONCLUSIONS All sampling techniques can be adequate methods for endometrial cytology, but the brush technique consistently provided the best sample. Sample contamination or poor slide quality can adversely affect interpretation. The most accurate criteria for determining what constitutes mild endometritis in mares have yet to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A Bohn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Ferris RA, Veir JK, Lappin MR, McCue PM. Development and Comparison of Sampling Techniques for a Broad Range, Semiquantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Detection of Bacterial DNA in the Equine Uterus. J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rezende ML, Ferris RA, Leise BS, Mama KR, Scofield DA, McCue PM. Treatment of Intraoperative Persistent Penile Erection in a Stallion. J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ferris RA, Frisbie DD, McCue PM. Use of mesenchymal stem cells or autologous conditioned serum to modulate the inflammatory response to spermatozoa in mares. Theriogenology 2014; 82:36-42. [PMID: 24681213 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Current treatments for Persistent mating-induced endometritis such as uterine lavage and oxytocin therapy focus on aiding the uterus in removal of inflammatory products, but these treatments do not modulate the inciting inflammatory response. Biological treatments, such as autologous conditioned serum (ACS) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have been used in human and veterinary medicine for immunomodulation for over 10 years. The objectives of this project were to evaluate the ability of ACS or MSCs to modulate the inflammatory response to spermatozoa after breeding. Two experiments were performed with six normal mares in each study to evaluate the effects of intrauterine administration of ACS, dexamethasone, or a placebo (experiment 1), or allogeneic MSCs or a placebo (experiment 2) on the inflammatory response to spermatozoa using clinical and biochemical endpoints. Treatment with ACS and MSCs significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the number of neutrophils in the uterine lumen 6 hours after the sperm challenge. An increase (P < 0.05) in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1Ra was observed after treatment with MSCs before exposure to spermatozoa. There was no difference in IL-1Ra concentration in mares treated with ACS, dexamethasone, or a placebo. Mesenchymal stem cells and ACS were able to modulate the immune response to spermatozoa in normal mares. The effect may be due to an increase in IL-1Ra in MSCs-treated mares, but other bioactive molecules may be responsible for the decrease in neutrophils in ACS-treated mares. Autologous conditioned serum and bone-derived culture expanded MSCs were able to modulate the uterine inflammatory response to spermatozoa in normal mares. Treatment with allogeneic stem cells may be beneficial if a similar modulation in inflammatory cytokines occurs in mares affected by persistent mating-induced endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Ferris
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins Colorado USA.
| | - David D Frisbie
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Patrick M McCue
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins Colorado USA
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Ortis HA, Foss RR, McCue PM, Bradecamp EA, Ferris RA, Hendrickson DA. Laparoscopic Application of PGE2 to the Uterine Tube Surface Enhances Fertility in Selected Subfertile Mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Meyers-Brown GA, McCue PM, Troedsson MHT, Klein C, Zent W, Ferris RA, Lindholm ARG, Scofield DB, Claes AN, Morganti M, Colgin MA, Wetzel RL, Peters AR, Roser JF. Induction of ovulation in seasonally anestrous mares under ambient lights using recombinant equine FSH (reFSH). Theriogenology 2013; 80:456-62. [PMID: 23768752 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, mares are put under artificial lights to advance the first ovulation of the year. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of recombinant equine FSH (reFSH) in stimulating follicular development and advancing the first ovulation of the year in seasonally anestrous mares compared with anestrous mares given a placebo. Both groups of mares were housed under ambient light conditions. Sixty deep anestrous mares of light horse breeds (follicular diameters ≤ 20 mm in diameter and progesterone <1 ng/mL) were maintained under a natural photoperiod at three different sites: University of California, Davis, Colorado State University, and University of Kentucky Gluck Centre. Twenty mares at each site were randomly allocated to receive either 0.65 mg of reFSH (group A: treatment; n = 10) or a placebo (group B: control; n = 10) twice daily by im beginning on January 31. Treatment continued until one or more preovulatory follicles developed or up to a maximum of 15 days. Randomized treatments were blinded. Follicular development was closely monitored by transrectal ultrasonography. When the largest follicle reached ≥ 35 mm in diameter, reFSH treatment was discontinued and an injection of 2500 international units of hCG was administered iv 36 hours later to induce ovulation. Jugular blood samples were collected daily from all mares at University of California, Davis, and processed for LH, FSH, progesterone, estradiol-17β, and immunoreactive-inhibin by RIA. All 30 mares receiving reFSH (group A) developed follicles ≥ 35 mm within 7.4 ± 1.6 days of treatment. Twenty-three of the 30 reFSH-treated mares (group A) ovulated within 72 hours after hCG administration. In contrast, mares in group B (placebo, control) did not exhibit significant follicular development and none ovulated within the 15-day observation period. Mares in group A had significantly higher plasma levels of FSH, estradiol-17β, and immunoreactive-inhibin during treatment but did not exhibit a preovulatory LH surge. Mares administered reFSH returned to anestrus and spontaneously ovulated at a similar calendar date as control mares. These data indicate that reFSH was effective in stimulating the development of ovarian follicles and advancing the first ovulation of the year in seasonally anestrous mares under ambient lights but was not successful in inducing continued cyclicity.
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Ferris RA, Dern K, Veir JK, Hawley JR, Lappin MR, McCue PM. Development of a broad-range quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay to detect and identify fungal DNA in equine endometrial samples. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74:161-5. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.1.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Scofield DB, Wittenburg LA, Ferris RA, Gustafson DL, McCue PM. Equine Endometrial Tissue Concentration of Fluconazole Following Oral Administration. J Equine Vet Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ferris RA, Hatzel JN, Lindholm AR, Scofield DB, McCue PM. Efficacy of Deslorelin Acetate (SucroMate) on Induction of Ovulation in American Quarter Horse Mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Summers-Lawyer KA, Go YY, Lu Z, Timoney PJ, McCue PM, Zhang J, Shuck KM, Bruemmer J. Response of Stallions to Primary Immunization with a Modified Live Equine Viral Arteritis Vaccine. J Equine Vet Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cullingford EL, Squires EL, McCue PM, Seidel GE. Attempts at Superovulation of Mares With Porcine Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Recombinant Equine Follicle Stimulating Hormone. J Equine Vet Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose assessment and regulation are important factors in the treatment of hospitalized horses and foals. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare glucose measurement by a veterinary glucometer, adjusted by code for use in horses and foals, to a reference chemistry analyzer. It was hypothesized that the veterinary glucometer and reference analyzer would yield similar results and that interpretation of glucose values obtained from a veterinary glucometer would result in clinically appropriate decisions. ANIMALS Fifty blood samples from adult horses and 50 blood samples from neonatal foals admitted to the Colorado State University Veterinary Hospital or Equine Reproduction Laboratory for evaluation. METHODS Glucose concentrations from fresh whole blood samples were evaluated in duplicate with a veterinary glucometer and these values were compared with those obtained with a reference plasma chemistry analyzer. The accuracy of glucometer measurement was evaluated with a Clarke error grid. RESULTS The veterinary glucometer accurately measured whole blood glucose concentrations in both horses and foals when compared with a reference plasma chemistry analyzer. Nearly 97% of the glucometer values obtained in this study would have resulted in appropriate clinical decisions based on the Clarke error grid analysis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The veterinary glucometer evaluated has potential utility for point-of-care whole blood glucose evaluation in both horses and foals.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Hackett
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Hackett ES, Bruemmer J, Hendrickson DA, McCue PM. Buccal mucosal urethroplasty for treatment of recurrent hemospermia in a stallion. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2009; 235:1212-5. [PMID: 19912044 DOI: 10.2460/javma.235.10.1212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CASE Description-An 11-year-old Quarter Horse stallion was admitted for intermittent hemospermia of 4 years' duration. CLINICAL FINDINGS A linear vertical defect had been detected endoscopically following multiple episodes of hemospermia on the caudodorsal convex surface of the urethra at the level of the ischial arch. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME When sexual rest alone did not result in complete healing of the urethral defect, a subischial urethrotomy and buccal mucosal urethroplasty were performed. The surgical site healed without complication. Four months of sexual rest was recommended after surgery. Repeat endoscopy at 4 months allowed inspection of the urethral graft site. Following endoscopic examination, resumption of semen collection was recommended on the basis of the apparent healing at the urethral defect site. Hemospermia did not reoccur following surgical repair. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Buccal mucosal urethroplasty resulted in a favorable outcome in a stallion with recurrent hemospermia. Buccal mucosal urethroplasty may be a useful surgical option in stallions that have hemospermia secondary to a urethral defect and do not heal with sexual rest alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen S Hackett
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Magee C, Foradori CD, Bruemmer JE, Arreguin-Arevalo JA, McCue PM, Handa RJ, Squires EL, Clay CM. Biological and anatomical evidence for kisspeptin regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of estrous horse mares. Endocrinology 2009; 150:2813-21. [PMID: 19228887 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-1698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of kisspeptin (KiSS) on LH and FSH secretion in the seasonally estrous mare and to examine the distribution and connectivity of GnRH and KiSS neurons in the equine preoptic area (POA) and hypothalamus. The diestrous mare has a threshold serum gonadotropin response to iv rodent KiSS decapeptide (rKP-10) administration between 1.0 and 500 microg. Administration of 500 microg and 1.0 mg rKP-10 elicited peak, mean, and area under the curve LH and FSH responses indistinguishable to that of 25 microg GnRH iv, although a single iv injection of 1.0 mg rKP-10 was insufficient to induce ovulation in the estrous mare. GnRH and KiSS-immunoreactive (ir) cells were identified in the POA and hypothalamus of the diestrous mare. In addition, KiSS-ir fibers were identified in close association with 33.7% of GnRH-ir soma, suggesting a direct action of KiSS on GnRH neurons in the mare. In conclusion, we are the first to reveal a physiological role for KiSS in the diestrous mare with direct anatomic evidence by demonstrating a threshold-like gonadotropin response to KiSS administration and characterizing KiSS and GnRH-ir in the POA and hypothalamus of the diestrous horse mare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christianne Magee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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Barfield JP, McCue PM, Squires EL, Seidel GE. Effect of dehydration prior to cryopreservation of large equine embryos. Cryobiology 2009; 59:36-41. [PMID: 19375416 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of equine embryos>300microm in diameter results in low survival rates using protocols that work well for smaller equine embryos. These experiments tested the potential benefit of incorporating a dehydration step prior to standard cryopreservation procedures. Forty-six, day 7-8, grade 1, equine embryos 300-1350microm in diameter were subjected to one of the following treatments: (A) 2 min in 0.6M galactose, 10min in 1.5M glycerol, slow freeze (n=21); (B) 10min in 1.5M glycerol, slow freeze (n=15); (C) 2min in 0.6M galactose, 10min in 1.5M glycerol, followed by exposure to thaw solutions, then culture medium (n=5); (D) transferred directly to culture medium (n=5). Frozen embryos were thawed and subjected to a three-step cryoprotectant removal. Five embryos from each treatment were evaluated morphologically after 24 and 48h culture (1=excellent, 5=degenerate/dead). All treatments had at least 4/5 embryos with a quality score >or=3 at these time points except treatment B (2/5 at 24h, 1/5 at 48h). Subsequent embryos from treatment A (n=16) or B (n=10) were matched in sets of two for size and treatment, thawed, and immediately transferred in pairs to 13 recipients. Only two recipient mares were pregnant; one received two 400microm embryos from treatment A, and the other one 400 and one 415microm embryo from treatment B. There was no advantage of incorporating a 2min dehydration step into the cryopreservation protocol for large equine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Barfield
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1683, USA.
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Lawler JB, Hassel DM, Magnuson RJ, Hill AE, McCue PM, Traub-Dargatz JL. Adsorptive effects of di-tri-octahedral smectite onClostridium perfringensalpha, beta, and beta-2 exotoxins and equine colostral antibodies. Am J Vet Res 2008; 69:233-9. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.69.2.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
The granulosa cell tumor is the most common ovarian tumor in mares. A clinical diagnosis can be made based on the presence ofa unilaterally enlarged ovary and a small inactive contralateral ovary. Endocrine testing may be beneficial to confirm a diagnosis. Surgical removal of the tumor eliminates the adverse effect on pituitary function and results in resumption of follicular development and ovulation in the opposite ovary over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M McCue
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Logan NL, McCue PM, Alonso MA, Squires EL. Evaluation of three equine FSH superovulation protocols in mares. Anim Reprod Sci 2007; 102:48-55. [PMID: 17188438 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Accepted: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Superovulation could potentially increase embryo recovery for immediate transfer or cryopreservation. The objectives were to evaluate the effect of pretreatment with progesterone and estradiol (P+E) on follicular response to eFSH and compare doses of eFSH and ovulatory agents on follicular development and ovulation in mares. In Experiment 1, 40 mares were assigned to one of four treatment groups. Group 1 consisted of untreated controls. Group 2 mares were administered eFSH without pretreatment with P+E. Group 3 mares were administered P+E for 10 days starting in mid-diestrus followed by eFSH therapy. Group 4 mares were administered P+E for 10 days followed by eFSH therapy. All treated mares were administered 12.5mg eFSH twice daily and prostaglandins were given on the second day of eFSH therapy. Mares were bred with fresh semen the day of hCG administration and with cooled semen the following day. The numbers of preovulatory follicles and ovulations were lower for mares treated with P+E prior to eFSH treatment. Pretreatment with P+E in estrus also resulted in a lower embryo recovery rate per ovulation compared to the other two eFSH treatment groups. In Experiment 2, two doses of eFSH (12.5 and 6.25mg) and two ovulation-inducing agents (hCG and deslorelin) were evaluated. The number of preovulatory follicles was greater for mares given 12.5mg of eFSH compared to mares given 6.25mg. Number of ovulations was greatest for mares given 12.5mg of eFSH twice daily followed by administration of hCG. Embryo recovery per flush was similar among treatment groups, but the percent of embryos per ovulation was higher for mares given the low dose of eFSH. In summary, there was no advantage to giving P+E prior to eFSH treatment. In addition, even though the lower dose of eFSH resulted in fewer ovulations, embryo recovery per flush and embryo recovery per ovulation were similar or better for those given the lower dose of eFSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Logan
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Foothills Campus, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1683, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate a turbidimetric immunoassay (TIA) for measurement of plasma IgG concentrations in foals. ANIMALS 36 foals. PROCEDURES Blood samples were collected from foals before suckling and at 12 and 24 to 36 hours after birth. Plasma IgG concentrations were determined via a commercial single radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay. By use of goat anti-equine IgG antiserum and a spectrophotometer, a TIA was developed to measure plasma and serum IgG concentrations; the percentage light transmission was calibrated against RID assay-determined IgG concentrations. Assay repeatability and effects of serial dilution, sample type, and ambient temperature on assay results were evaluated. RESULTS Serial dilution of plasma samples from foals 12 and 24 to 36 hours of age with presuckle plasma yielded percentage light transmission results that were highly inversely correlated (r = -0.95) with IgG concentrations determined via RID assay. Measurements of IgG in plasma and serum samples via TIA did not differ. When samples were assayed multiple times, the coefficient of variation was < 5.0%. Ambient temperature did not affect TIA results. At IgG concentrations of 400 and 800 mg/dL, TIA sensitivity was > 90%; specificity was 99.1% and 70.5%, respectively; and positive and negative predictive values were 98.1% and 71.5%, respectively, and 96.4% and 91.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Plasma IgG concentrations in foals determined via the TIA and RID assay were highly correlated. The TIA rapidly yielded quantitative results and would be useful in clinical situations where intervention decisions are time dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M McCue
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA
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Purcell SH, Seidel GE, McCue PM, Squires EL. Aspiration of oocytes from transitional, cycling, and pregnant mares. Anim Reprod Sci 2007; 100:291-300. [PMID: 16938415 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2006] [Accepted: 07/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of three approaches for recovering equine oocytes via transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration. Fourteen mares were used as oocyte donors during the spring transition period and physiologic breeding season, and 11 mares were bred for use as oocyte donors during early gestation. In all mares, large (>20 mm) and small (10-20 mm) follicles were aspirated in eight rounds every 10-11 days. In each of the four rounds during the transition period, half the mares received 12.5 mg eFSH once daily for 4 days prior to aspiration. For each of the four rounds during the cycling season, half the mares received 12.5 mg eFSH twice daily for 3 days prior to aspiration. Pregnant mares were aspirated on days 25, 40 and 55 of gestation and received no eFSH. There were more large (>20 mm) follicles in cycling controls (2.25+/-0.27) and cycling FSH-treated (2.64+/-0.27) mares than in transitional FSH-treated mares (1.18+/-0.27). The number of oocytes recovered from small (10-20 mm) follicles varied by mare (P<0.05) and averaged 1.08+/-0.22 per aspiration for transitional mares and 1.23+/-0.22 per aspiration for cycling mares (P>0.1). The number of oocytes per aspiration from large follicles was greater in cycling FSH-treated mares (0.46+/-0.09) than in transitional control mares (0.11+/-0.09). In pregnant mares, more large follicles were present at day 25 than at any other time, and the number of oocytes per aspiration from large follicles was greater at day 25 (0.73+/-0.16) than at day 55 (0.04+/-0.18). When compared across all seasons and treatments, the day 25 pregnant mares yielded the greatest number of oocytes per aspiration (2.91+/-0.66 per mare).
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Purcell
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Lab, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1683, USA
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Abstract
Equine follicle stimulating hormone (eFSH) has been used to induce follicular development in transitional mares and problem acyclic mares, as well as superovulate cycling mares. The most efficacious protocol is to administer 12.5 mg eFSH, intramuscularly, twice daily beginning 5 to 7 days after ovulation when the diameter of the largest follicle is 20 to 25 mm. Prostaglandins are to be administered on the second day of eFSH therapy. Treatment with eFSH is continued for 3 to 5 days until follicle(s) are >or=35 mm in diameter. The mare is subsequently allowed to 'coast' for 36 h, after which human chorionic gonadotropin is administered to induce ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M McCue
- Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, and Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, Lexington, KY 40580, United States.
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50
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Abstract
Embryo recovery from single ovulating mares is approximately 50 per cent per estrous cycle. Superovulation could be used to increase embryo recovery and provide extra embryos for embryo freezing. This review addresses some historical approaches to superovulation, as well as examines factors that affect the response of mares to equine FSH. eCG, GnRH and inhibin vaccines have been of limited success in stimulating multiple ovulation. Numerous studies have shown that injection of equine pituitary extract (EPE) will result in three to four ovulations per estrous cycle and two embryos. A purified, standardized EPE preparation (eFSH) also results in a similar response to EPE. Factors affecting the response to EPE and eFSH include day of initial treatment, size of largest follicle at initial treatment and frequency of injection. Embryos from single ovulating, untreated mares and eFSH-treated mares provide similar pregnancy rates upon nonsurgical transfer. Five to 7 days of eFSH treatment also has been shown to hasten the first ovulation of the breeding season. Potential problems after eFSH injections include anovulatory or luteinized follicles and overstimulation. Studies are needed to further evaluate the criteria for initiation of treatment and to determine how to increase ovulation rate without decreasing embryo recovery per ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Squires
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, ARBL Building, Foothills Campus, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1683, USA.
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