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Beaufrère H, Pacumio L, Susta L, Tarbert D, Ammersbach M, Keel K. Hepatic lipid accumulation is associated with multiple metabolic pathway alterations but not dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps). Am J Vet Res 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38593838 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.23.12.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between hepatic fat accumulation, fibrosis, and plasma values of primary metabolites, biochemical measurands, insulin, and lipoproteins in bearded dragons. ANIMALS 48 adult central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps). METHODS Dragons were sedated with alfaxalone, and a blood sample was collected. Plasma was submitted for untargeted primary metabolomics using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry, a biochemistry panel, and a lipoprotein panel determined by PAGE. Hepatic lipid content was quantified by liver attenuation measurements from CT images and digital image analysis of standardized histologic sections of the liver. Fibrosis was quantified by digital image analysis on Masson's trichrome-stained histologic sections. Severity was determined from pathologic review of liver sections according to a standardized grading system. Statistical associations were investigated using serial linear models adjusted for false discovery rate and multivariate statistics. RESULTS Both hepatic fat and fibrosis had a significant effect on CT liver attenuation values. Several oligosaccharides (maltotriose, maltose, ribose, trehalose) and alkaline phosphatase were significantly and linearly increased with hepatic lipid content (all q < .05). On partial least square-discriminant analysis, β-hydroxybutyric acid was the most important discriminatory variable between fatty liver severity grades on histology. No significant associations were found with insulin, lipoproteins, and succinic acid. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bearded dragons with hepatic lipid accumulation experienced multiple metabolic pathway disruptions, some being compatible with mitochondrial dysfunction. No evidence of insulin resistance or dyslipidemia was found. Hepatic biopsy and histopathology remain recommended for reliably diagnosing and staging fatty liver disease in bearded dragons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Beaufrère
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Lisa Pacumio
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Leonardo Susta
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle Tarbert
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Mélanie Ammersbach
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Kevin Keel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
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Techeira N, Keel K, Garay A, Harte F, Mendoza A, Cartaya A, Fariña S, López-Pedemonte T. Milk fatty acid profile from grass feeding strategies on 2 Holstein genotypes: Implications for health and technological properties. JDS Commun 2023; 4:169-174. [PMID: 37360123 PMCID: PMC10285234 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine if a feeding system with a variable supply of grass promoted rapid changes in the fatty acid profile and technological and health indices of milk obtained from North American (NAHF) and New Zealand (NZHF) Holstein-Friesian cows. Two feeding strategies were conducted: fixed grass (GFix) and maximized grass intake when available (GMax). The results showed that as the grass intake increased in the GMax treatments, the relative amount of palmitic acid in milk decreased, whereas oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and conjugated linoleic acids increased, causing a reduction in the atherogenic, thrombogenic, and spreadability calculated indices. The changes occurred in rapid response to the changing diet, with reductions ranging from approximately 5 to 15% in the healthy and technological indices within a period of 15 d of grass intake increase. Differences were found between the 2 genotypes, with NZHF responding faster to changes in grass intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Techeira
- Unidad de Ciencia y Tecnología de Lácteos, Universidad Tecnológica del Uruguay, 70200, La Paz, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - K. Keel
- Unidad de Ciencia y Tecnología de Lácteos, Universidad Tecnológica del Uruguay, 70200, La Paz, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - A. Garay
- Unidad de Ciencia y Tecnología de Lácteos, Universidad Tecnológica del Uruguay, 70200, La Paz, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - F. Harte
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, State College 16802
| | - A. Mendoza
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Programa de Producción de Leche, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, 39173, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - A. Cartaya
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Programa de Producción de Leche, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, 39173, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - S. Fariña
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Programa de Producción de Leche, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Ruta 50 km 11, 39173, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - T. López-Pedemonte
- Unidad de Ciencia y Tecnología de Lácteos, Universidad Tecnológica del Uruguay, 70200, La Paz, Colonia, Uruguay
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Robertson JA, Guzman DSM, Willcox JL, Keel K, Vernau W. Clinical and pathological findings of rabbits with lymphoma: 16 cases (1996-2019). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:1-10. [PMID: 35263294 DOI: 10.2460/javma.21.03.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical and pathological findings of rabbits diagnosed with lymphoma. ANIMALS 16 rabbits. PROCEDURES The medical and pathology records database of the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the University of California, Davis was searched for rabbits diagnosed with lymphoma from 1996 to 2019. RESULTS Mean age of the 16 rabbits was 8 years (range, 4.5 to 12 years). Immunophenotyping was performed in 14 cases. Diffuse, large, B-cell lymphoma was most common (n = 7) followed by epitheliotropic, T-cell lymphoma (2); type II enteropathy-associated, T-cell lymphoma (2); marginal-zone, B-cell lymphoma (1); peripheral, T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (cutaneous nonepitheliotropic lymphoma; 1); primary, mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma (1), and unclassified (cytology only with no immunophenotyping; 2). Multiple chemotherapy protocols were used on the basis of each individual animal's disease state. Initial clinical improvement was reported for most rabbits receiving chemotherapy (5/6), with diffuse B-cell lymphoma responding most favorably to treatment. The 11 rabbits included in the survival analysis had a median survival time of 60 days (range, 1 to 480 days), and those diagnosed with B- and T-cell lymphoma had a median survival time of 8 and 36 days (range, 1 to 150 and 1 to 90 days), respectively. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Rabbits develop a range of lymphoma subtypes and, similar to humans and dogs, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma appears to be the most common. Chemotherapy treatments followed multiple protocols, which were mostly well tolerated and had a highly variable response. Further research into chemotherapy protocols is needed to optimize treatment of lymphoma in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Robertson
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | | | - Jennifer L Willcox
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Kevin Keel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - William Vernau
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
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Ozawa S, Guzman DSM, Keel K, Gunther-Harrington C. Clinical and pathological findings in rabbits with cardiovascular disease: 59 cases (2001-2018). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:764-776. [PMID: 34516264 DOI: 10.2460/javma.259.7.764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine epidemiological features of cardiovascular disease in rabbits examined at a veterinary teaching hospital and characterize clinical and pathological findings. ANIMALS 59 rabbits. PROCEDURES Medical records from 2001 to 2018 were reviewed, and data were collected. Echocardiographic images and histologic diagnoses were reviewed. RESULTS The prevalence of cardiovascular disease was 2.6% (59/2,249). Clinical signs related to cardiac disease included heart murmur (n = 25 rabbits), arrhythmia (22), tachypnea or dyspnea (13), hyporexia or anorexia (13), and muscle wasting (9). Radiographic (n = 39) abnormalities included cardiomegaly (19) and peritoneal (12) and pleural (11) effusion. Common echocardiographic (n = 37) diagnoses included degenerative valve disease (15), dilated cardiomyopathy (7), unclassified cardiomyopathy (4), restrictive cardiomyopathy (3), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (2). On ECG (n = 19), supraventricular arrhythmias (16) were more common than ventricular arrhythmias (12). Thirty-five necropsy reports were available, and diagnoses included cardiomyopathy (n = 14), myocarditis (10), and arteriosclerosis (9). Medical management (n = 20) included a wide range of drugs and dosages with few adverse effects. Survival times (n = 36 rabbits) ranged from 1 to 2,353 days with a median cardiac disease-specific survival time of 306 days. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The findings provided information on the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in rabbits and survival times for affected rabbits. Right-sided, left-sided, and biventricular congestive heart failure occurred equally. Median survival time was lower than that reported for other species. Further research on the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease in rabbits is needed.
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Renaudin CD, Kelleman AA, Keel K, McCracken JL, Ball BA, Ferris RA, McCue PM, Dujovne G, Conley AJ. Equine granulosa cell tumours among other ovarian conditions: Diagnostic challenges. Equine Vet J 2020; 53:60-70. [PMID: 32391939 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulosa cell tumours (GCT) are the most common ovarian tumours in mares. While the classical presentation may not represent diagnostic challenges, diagnosis is not easy in the early stages. OBJECTIVES Illustrate the variability in the presentation and serum biomarkers associated with ovarian abnormalities in the mare. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS Nonclassical cases of GCTs and other ovarian conditions were identified and behaviour, GCT endocrine results, palpation and ultrasonographic findings are described and the diagnostic value of each is discussed. RESULTS Mares in this case series with GCTs had been presenting clinical signs ranging from no behavioural changes to behaviours including aggression, stallion-like and inability to work under saddle. Hormonal profiles of endocrinologically functional GCTs can be erratic and unpredictable. The clinical form and ultrasonographic appearance may also vary with time from an initially enlarged/anovulatory follicular structure that later develops a multicystic 'honeycomb' appearance. Mares with GCTs can also present with persistent anovulatory follicles or apparent luteal tissue that are unresponsive to treatment. If both ovaries are of relatively normal size and symmetry, but hormonal biomarkers are markedly increased (AMH >10 ng/mL, inhibin B and/or testosterone >100 pg/mL; 0.37 nmol/L), it is likely that a functional GCT is present. Still, it can be a challenge to decide which ovary to remove. Post-surgical endocrine testing can be helpful, especially if histopathology is not performed or a GCT is not found. MAIN LIMITATIONS Cases limited to 14. CONCLUSIONS Granulosa cell tumours present with a wide variety of clinical signs that do not fit what is commonly described as 'classic'. Only if AMH, testosterone and inhibin B concentrations are markedly increased, and there is an abnormally enlarged ovary, the diagnosis of a GCT is more confident. In the presence of normal size ovaries, normal hormonal biomarkers and abnormal behaviour, it is more likely that the ovaries are not involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine D Renaudin
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Audrey A Kelleman
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kevin Keel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Barry A Ball
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ryan A Ferris
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Patrick M McCue
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ghislaine Dujovne
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alan J Conley
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Eskew EA, Shock BC, LaDouceur EEB, Keel K, Miller MR, Foley JE, Todd BD. Gene expression differs in susceptible and resistant amphibians exposed to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:170910. [PMID: 29515828 PMCID: PMC5830717 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chytridiomycosis, the disease caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has devastated global amphibian biodiversity. Nevertheless, some hosts avoid disease after Bd exposure even as others experience near-complete extirpation. It remains unclear whether the amphibian adaptive immune system plays a role in Bd defence. Here, we describe gene expression in two host species-one susceptible to chytridiomycosis and one resistant-following exposure to two Bd isolates that differ in virulence. Susceptible wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) had high infection loads and mortality when exposed to the more virulent Bd isolate but lower infection loads and no fatal disease when exposed to the less virulent isolate. Resistant American bullfrogs (R. catesbeiana) had high survival across treatments and rapidly cleared Bd infection or avoided infection entirely. We found widespread upregulation of adaptive immune genes and downregulation of important metabolic and cellular maintenance components in wood frogs after Bd exposure, whereas American bullfrogs showed little gene expression change and no evidence of an adaptive immune response. Wood frog responses suggest that adaptive immune defences may be ineffective against virulent Bd isolates that can cause rapid physiological dysfunction. By contrast, American bullfrogs exhibited robust resistance to Bd that is likely attributable, at least in part, to their continued upkeep of metabolic and skin integrity pathways as well as greater antimicrobial peptide expression compared to wood frogs, regardless of exposure. Greater understanding of these defences will ultimately help conservationists manage chytridiomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A. Eskew
- Graduate Group in Ecology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street – 17th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA
- Author for correspondence: Evan A. Eskew e-mail:
| | - Barbara C. Shock
- Department of Biology, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Parkway, Harrogate, TN 37752, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Kevin Keel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael R. Miller
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Janet E. Foley
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brian D. Todd
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Houck EL, Keller KA, Hawkins MG, Burton AG, Casey KM, Keel K, Tong N, Guzman DSM. Bilateral Aural Adenocarcinoma in a Congo African Grey Parrot ( Psittacus erithacus erithacus). J Avian Med Surg 2016; 30:257-262. [PMID: 27736232 DOI: 10.1647/2015-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 28-year-old female Congo African grey parrot ( Psittacus erithacus erithacus) was evaluated because of a mass in the left external auditory meatus. Results of a computed tomography scan revealed an osteolytic left hemimandibular mass with irregular bone production and a soft tissue mass in the left external auditory meatus. Results of cytologic examination of fine needle aspirates of the hemimandible were interpreted as adenocarcinoma with reactive osteoblasts. The owner chose palliative treatment, and a debulking procedure was performed on the left external auditory meatus mass 52 days after initial presentation to control self-trauma. Euthanasia was elected 67 days after initial presentation because of poor prognosis associated with the development of bilateral masses of the external auditory meatus and lateral deviation of the mandible, findings that were confirmed by postmortem examination. Histopathologic results confirmed the diagnosis of bilateral aural adenocarcinoma with invasion of both temporal bones and hemimandibles.
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Sadar MJ, Hawkins MG, Byrne BA, Cartoceti AN, Keel K, Drazenovich TL, Tell LA. Pharmacokinetics of a single intramuscular injection of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid in red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis). Am J Vet Res 2016; 76:1077-84. [PMID: 26618733 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.76.12.1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics and adverse effects at the injection site of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (CCFA) following IM administration of 1 dose to red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis). ANIMALS 7 adult nonreleasable healthy red-tailed hawks. PROCEDURES In a randomized crossover study, CCFA (10 or 20 mg/kg) was administered IM to each hawk and blood samples were obtained. After a 2-month washout period, administration was repeated with the opposite dose. Muscle biopsy specimens were collected from the injection site 10 days after each sample collection period. Pharmacokinetic data were calculated. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of ceftiofur for various bacterial isolates were assessed. RESULTS Mean peak plasma concentrations of ceftiofur-free acid equivalent were 6.8 and 15.1 μg/mL for the 10 and 20 mg/kg doses, respectively. Mean times to maximum plasma concentration were 6.4 and 6.7 hours, and mean terminal half-lives were 29 and 50 hours, respectively. Little to no muscle inflammation was identified. On the basis of a target MIC of 1 μg/mL and target plasma ceftiofur concentration of 4 μg/mL, dose administration frequencies for infections with gram-negative and gram-positive organisms were estimated as every 36 and 45 hours for the 10 mg/kg dose and every 96 and 120 hours for the 20 mg/kg dose, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Study results suggested that CCFA could be administered IM to red-tailed hawks at 10 or 20 mg/kg to treat infections with ceftiofur-susceptible bacteria. Administration resulted in little to no inflammation at the injection site. Additional studies are needed to evaluate effects of repeated CCFA administration.
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Backer LC, Landsberg JH, Miller M, Keel K, Taylor TK. Canine cyanotoxin poisonings in the United States (1920s-2012): review of suspected and confirmed cases from three data sources. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:1597-628. [PMID: 24064718 PMCID: PMC3798876 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5091597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria (also called blue-green algae) are ubiquitous in aquatic environments. Some species produce potent toxins that can sicken or kill people, domestic animals, and wildlife. Dogs are particularly vulnerable to cyanotoxin poisoning because of their tendency to swim in and drink contaminated water during algal blooms or to ingestalgal mats.. Here, we summarize reports of suspected or confirmed canine cyanotoxin poisonings in the U.S. from three sources: (1) The Harmful Algal Bloom-related Illness Surveillance System (HABISS) of the National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); (2) Retrospective case files from a large, regional veterinary hospital in California; and (3) Publicly available scientific and medical manuscripts; written media; and web-based reports from pet owners, veterinarians, and other individuals. We identified 231 discreet cyanobacteria harmful algal bloom (cyanoHAB) events and 368 cases of cyanotoxinpoisoning associated with dogs throughout the U.S. between the late 1920s and 2012. The canine cyanotoxin poisoning events reviewed here likely represent a small fraction of cases that occur throughout the U.S. each year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine C. Backer
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS F-60, Chamblee, GA 30341, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-770-488-3426; Fax: +1-770-488-3450
| | - Jan H. Landsberg
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, 100 Eighth Avenue SE, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Melissa Miller
- Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center, Department of Fish and Wildlife, Office of Spill Prevention and Response, 1451 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA; E-Mails: (M.M.); (T.K.T.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Kevin Keel
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Tegwin K. Taylor
- Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center, Department of Fish and Wildlife, Office of Spill Prevention and Response, 1451 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA; E-Mails: (M.M.); (T.K.T.)
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Boone S, Gerhold RW, Keel K. Aerial Attack Produces Reciprocal Fatal Trauma between Great Horned Owl and Red-Shouldered Hawk. SOUTHEAST NAT 2010. [DOI: 10.1656/058.009.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Keel K, Brazier JS, Post KW, Weese S, Songer JG. Prevalence of PCR ribotypes among Clostridium difficile isolates from pigs, calves, and other species. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:1963-4. [PMID: 17428945 PMCID: PMC1933037 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00224-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PCR ribotypes were obtained for 144 Clostridium difficile isolates from neonatal pigs. Porcine isolates comprised four PCR ribotypes, but one, ribotype 078, predominated (83%). This was also the most common ribotype (94%) among 33 calf isolates but was rarely identified in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Keel
- Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Dickinson PJ, McEntee MC, Lipsitz D, Keel K, LeCouteur RA. Radiation induced vertebral osteosarcoma following treatment of an intradural extramedullary spinal cord tumor in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2001; 42:463-70. [PMID: 11678571 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2001.tb00971.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A 2-year-old neutered female Rottweiler diagnosed with an intradural extramedullary spinal cord tumor at T12-T13 was successfully treated with cytoreductive surgery followed by Cobalt 60 teletherapy. The dog was euthanised 5-and-a-half years later following diagnosis of an osteosarcoma involving the L1 and L2 vertebrae. Evidence of the initial tumor was not present at necropsy. The vertebral neoplasm fulfilled all of the accepted criteria for a radiation induced tumor. It was concluded that adjunctive irradiation should be considered for treatment of intradural extramedullary tumors of young dogs when total surgical resection is not possible. Although tumor induction is a rare late effect of radiation therapy, the risk of this occurrence should be considered when irradiating young animals. Radiation induced tumors in dogs have been associated with coarse fractionation schemes, or when large intraoperative doses have been administered. A lower dose per fraction, e.g., 3 Gy/fraction or less, is advisable when irradiating young dogs or any dog in which the life expectancy is 3-5 or more years after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Dickinson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
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Pedersen NC, Elliott JB, Glasgow A, Poland A, Keel K. An isolated epizootic of hemorrhagic-like fever in cats caused by a novel and highly virulent strain of feline calicivirus. Vet Microbiol 2000; 73:281-300. [PMID: 10781727 PMCID: PMC7117377 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(00)00183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An isolated epizootic of a highly fatal feline calicivirus (FCV) infection, manifested in its severest form by a systemic hemorrhagic-like fever, occurred over a 1-month period among six cats owned by two different employees and a client of a private veterinary practice. The infection may have started with an unowned shelter kitten that was hospitalized during this same period for a severe atypical upper respiratory infection. The causative agent was isolated from blood and nasal swabs from two cats; the electron microscopic appearance was typical for FCV and capsid gene sequencing showed it to be genetically similar to other less pathogenic field strains. An identical disease syndrome was recreated in laboratory cats through oral inoculation with tissue culture grown virus. During the course of transmission studies in experimental cats, the agent was inadvertently spread by caretakers to an adjoining room containing a group of four normal adult cats. One of the four older cats was found dead and a second was moribund within 48-72h in spite of symptomatic treatment; lesions in these animals were similar to those of the field cats but with the added feature of severe pancreatitis. The mortality in field cats, deliberately infected laboratory cats, and inadvertently infected laboratory cats ranged from 33-50%. This new isolate of calicivirus, named FCV-Ari, was neutralized at negligible to low titer by antiserum against the universal FCV-F9 vaccine strain. Cats orally immunized with FCV-F9, and then challenge-exposed shortly thereafter with FCV-Ari, developed a milder self-limiting form of disease, indicating partial protection. However, all of the field cats, including the three that died, had been previously immunized with parenteral FCV-F9 vaccine. FCV-Ari caused a disease that was reminiscent of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease, a highly fatal calicivirus infection of older rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Pedersen
- Center for Companion Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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