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Apu MNH, Shirokikh NE, Khochbin S, Soboleva TA. An Improved Method for Purification of the Residual Bodies from the Seminiferous Tubules of Mice. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e920. [PMID: 37933593 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Human fertility is declining in Western countries, and it is becoming increasingly clear that male infertility plays a pivotal role in the overall fertility decline. To understand the process that drives successful male germ cell maturation, the study of spermatogenesis of model organisms, such as mice, is essential. Residual bodies (RBs) play an important role in the last stages of spermatogenesis. They are formed at the time when post-meiotic spermatids undergo sequential differentiation steps so that the acrosome and flagellum are developed, the nucleus is markedly condensed, and the cytoplasm is lost. The masses of lost cytoplasm become RBs. Our recent work has shown that RB dynamics are highly sensitive to even small fertility defects. It was also noted that the transcriptome and proteome of RBs changes in response to spermatogenic defects. Thus, RBs represent an excellent and highly sensitive entity for studying male fertility. Previously published protocols for RB purification had some major limitations: they produced an RB fraction that was heavily contaminated with spermatozoa and erythrocytes or required tens of grams of starting material. In addition, most of the available protocols were developed for purification of RBs from rat testes. Here, we present a protocol that allows the isolation of 2.5-3 × 106 RBs from mouse testes with a purity of 98% from only 1 g of starting material. The purified material can be used for various downstream applications to study male fertility, such as transcriptome and proteome analyses, super-resolution microscopy, and electron and cryo-electron microscopy, amongst many others. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: An improved method for purification of the residual bodies from the seminiferous tubules of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nazmul Hasan Apu
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Nikolay E Shirokikh
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Saadi Khochbin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM U1209, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Tatiana A Soboleva
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Sun W, Tian F, Pan H, Chang X, Xia M, Hu J, Wang Y, Li R, Li W, Yang M, Zhou Z. Flurochloridone induced abnormal spermatogenesis by damaging testicular Sertoli cells in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 246:114163. [PMID: 36240522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flurochloridone (FLC), a selective herbicide used on a global scale, has been reported to have male reproductive toxicity whose evidence is limited, but its mechanism remains unclear. The present study was conducted to systematically explore the male reproductive toxicity of FLC, including sperm quality, spermatogenesis, toxicity targets, and potential mechanisms. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice aged 6-7 weeks received gavage administration of FLC (365/730 mg/kg/day) for 28 consecutive days. Then, the tissue and sperm of mice were collected for analysis. We measured the gonadosomatic index and analyzed sperm concentration, motility, malformation rate, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Spermatocyte immunofluorescence staining was performed to analyze meiosis. We also performed pathological staining on the testis and epididymis tissue and TUNEL staining, immunohistochemical analysis, and ultrastructural observation on the testicular tissue. RESULTS Results showed that FLC caused testicular weight reduction, dysfunction, and architectural damage in mice, but no significant adverse effect was found in the epididymis. The exposure interfered with spermatogonial proliferation and meiosis, affecting sperm concentration, motility, kinematic parameters, morphology, and MMP, decreasing sperm quality. Furthermore, mitochondrial damage and apoptosis of testicular Sertoli cells were observed in mice treated with FLC. CONCLUSION We found that FLC has significant adverse effects on spermatogonial proliferation and meiosis. Meanwhile, apoptosis and mitochondrial damage may be the potential mechanism of Sertoli cell damage. Our study demonstrated that FLC could induce testicular Sertoli cell damage, leading to abnormal spermatogenesis, which decreased sperm quality. The data provided references for the toxicity risk and research methods of FLC application in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Sun
- School of Public Health/MOE Key Laboratory for Public Health Safety/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Fang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Health Commission (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongjie Pan
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Health Commission (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiuli Chang
- School of Public Health/MOE Key Laboratory for Public Health Safety/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Minjie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Health Commission (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Health Commission (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Health Commission (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Runsheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Health Commission (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Health Commission (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Health Commission (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health/MOE Key Laboratory for Public Health Safety/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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3
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Hsiao ZH, Li L, Yu X, Yin L. Characterization of primary canine Sertoli cells as a model to test male reproductive toxicant. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 84:105452. [PMID: 35931286 PMCID: PMC10351342 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sertoli cells play critical roles in regulating spermatogenesis and testis development by providing structural and nutritional support. This study aimed to develop a standard protocol for canine Sertoli cell isolation and culture; and characterize its biological features, functionality, and application of compound toxicity testing. Canine testicles were received from the neuter clinic, and three-step of enzymatic digestion was applied to isolate Sertoli cells. We characterized the growth and purity of Sertoli cells with the expression of SOX9, GATA4, and Clusterin. In addition, we selected cadmium as a model toxicant to evaluate the toxic responses in the newly established Sertoli cells using High-content Analysis (HCA). With our optimized protocol, the purity of isolated Sertoli cells was above 95%, as determined with Sertoli cell-specific protein markers of SOX9 and GATA4. More importantly, primary Sertoli cell populations could be expanded rapidly in vitro, passaged (up to seven), and cryopreserved. The HCA-based assay revealed that cadmium at 1 μM induced both disruptions of cytoskeletal and DNA damage responses. Furthermore, we established an HCA assay with the newly isolated and optimized culture of canine Sertoli cells to evaluate the epigenetic markers of histone modification. We found cadmium-induced differential changes in histone modifications H3Me3K9, H3Me3K36, H4Me3K20, and H4acK5. In summary, we have established the standardized protocol to produce canine Sertoli cells with Sertoli cell-specific phenotype. The isolation and expansion of large quantities of canine Sertoli cells will provide broad applications in studying male infertility, reproductive toxicology, testicular cancer, and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoey Hsuan Hsiao
- Reprotox Biotech LLC, 800 Bradbury, Drive, SE, Science &Technology Park, Albuquerque, NM 87106, United States of America
| | - Lu Li
- Reprotox Biotech LLC, 800 Bradbury, Drive, SE, Science &Technology Park, Albuquerque, NM 87106, United States of America
| | - Xiaozhong Yu
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Lei Yin
- Reprotox Biotech LLC, 800 Bradbury, Drive, SE, Science &Technology Park, Albuquerque, NM 87106, United States of America.
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Immune homeostasis and disorder in the testis —roles of Sertoli cells. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 152:103625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Lei Y, Zhang X, Xu Q, Liu S, Li C, Jiang H, Lin H, Kong E, Liu J, Qi S, Li H, Xu W, Lu K. Autophagic elimination of ribosomes during spermiogenesis provides energy for flagellar motility. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2313-2328.e7. [PMID: 34428398 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
How autophagy initiation is regulated and what the functional significance of this regulation is are unknown. Here, we characterized the role of yeast Vac8 in autophagy initiation through recruitment of PIK3C3-C1 to the phagophore assembly site (PAS). This recruitment is dependent on the palmitoylation of Vac8 and on its middle ARM domains for binding PIK3C3-C1. Vac8-mediated anchoring of PIK3C3-C1 promotes PtdIns3P generation at the PAS and recruitment of the PtdIns3P binding protein Atg18-Atg2. The mouse homolog of Vac8, ARMC3, is conserved and functions in autophagy in mouse testes. Mice lacking ARMC3 have normal viability but show complete male infertility. Proteomic analysis indicated that the autophagic degradation of cytosolic ribosomes was blocked in ARMC3-deficient spermatids, which caused low energy levels of mitochondria and motionless flagella. These studies uncovered a function of Vac8/ARMC3 in PtdIns3-kinase anchoring at the PAS and its physical significance in mammalian spermatogenesis with a germ tissue-specific autophagic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Lei
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xueguang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (SCU-CUHK), Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qingjia Xu
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shiyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haocheng Lin
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Eryan Kong
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shiqian Qi
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Wenming Xu
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (SCU-CUHK), Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Kefeng Lu
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Yefimova MG, Lefevre C, Bashamboo A, Eozenou C, Burel A, Lavault MT, Meunier AC, Pimentel C, Veau S, Neyroud AS, Jaillard S, Jégou B, Bourmeyster N, Ravel C. Granulosa cells provide elimination of apoptotic oocytes through unconventional autophagy-assisted phagocytosis. Hum Reprod 2021; 35:1346-1362. [PMID: 32531067 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do human granulosa cells (GCs) ingest and destroy apoptotic oocytes? SUMMARY ANSWER Somatic GCs ingest and destroy apoptotic oocytes and other apoptotic substrates through unconventional autophagy-assisted phagocytosis. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Most (99%) ovarian germ cells undergo apoptosis through follicular atresia. The mode of cleaning of atretic follicles from the ovary is unclear. Ovarian GCs share striking similarities with testicular Sertoli cells with respect to their origin and function. Somatic Sertoli cells are responsible for the elimination of apoptotic spermatogenic cells through unconventional autophagy-assisted phagocytosis. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Human GCs were tested for the ability to ingest and destroy the apoptotic oocytes and other apoptotic substrates. A systemic study of the main phagocytosis steps has been performed at different time points after loading of apoptotic substrates into the GC. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Primary cultures of GC retrieved following controlled ovarian stimulation of five women for IVF/ICSI and a human granulosa KGN cell line were incubated with different apoptotic substrates: oocytes which underwent spontaneous apoptosis during the cultivation of immature germ cells for IVF/ICSI; apoptotic KGN cells; and apoptotic membranes from rat retinas. Cultured GC were analyzed for the presence of specific molecular markers characteristic of different steps of phagocytic and autophagy machineries by immunocytochemistry, confocal microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and western blotting, before and after loading with apoptotic substrates. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Incubation of human GC with apoptotic substrates resulted in their translocation in cell cytoplasm, concomitant with activation of the phagocytosis receptor c-mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase MERTK (P < 0.001), clumping of motor molecule myosin II, recruitment of autophagy proteins: autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5), autophagy-related protein 6 (Beclin1) and the rise of a membrane form of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3-II) protein. Ingestion of apoptotic substrates was accompanied by increased expression of the lysosomal protease Cathepsin D (P < 0.001), and a rise of lysosomes in the GCs, as assessed by different techniques. The level of autophagy adaptor, sequestosome 1/p62 (p62) protein remained unchanged. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The number of patients described here is limited. Also the dependence of phagocytosis on reproductive hormone status of patients should be analyzed. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Removal of apoptotic oocytes by surrounding GC seems likely to be a physiological mechanism involved in follicular atresia. Proper functioning of this mechanism may be a new strategy for the treatment of ovarian dysfunctions associated with an imbalance in content of germ cells in the ovaries, such as premature ovarian failure and polycystic ovary syndrome. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study was funded by Rennes Metropole (AIS 2015) and Agence de BioMédecine. This work was supported by funding from Université de Rennes1, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) and CHU de Rennes. A.B. is funded in part by the program Actions Concertées Interpasteuriennes (ACIP) and a research grant from the European Society of Pediatric Endocrinology. This work is supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche Grants ANR-17-CE14-0038 and ANR-10-LABX-73. The authors declare no competing interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Yefimova
- CHU RENNES, Département de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Reproduction Humaine - CECOS, F-35000 Rennes, France.,Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St-Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - C Lefevre
- Université Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - A Bashamboo
- Human Developmental Genetics, Institut Pasteur, 75724, Paris, France
| | - C Eozenou
- Human Developmental Genetics, Institut Pasteur, 75724, Paris, France
| | - A Burel
- MRic TEM Plateform, BIOSIT, Université Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - M T Lavault
- MRic TEM Plateform, BIOSIT, Université Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - A C Meunier
- Laboratoire STIM, Université de Poitiers, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - C Pimentel
- CHU RENNES, Département de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Reproduction Humaine - CECOS, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - S Veau
- CHU RENNES, Département de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Reproduction Humaine - CECOS, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - A S Neyroud
- CHU RENNES, Département de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Reproduction Humaine - CECOS, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - S Jaillard
- CHU RENNES, Département de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Reproduction Humaine - CECOS, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - B Jégou
- Université Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - N Bourmeyster
- Laboratoire STIM, Université de Poitiers, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France.,CHU POITIERS, Pôle Biospharm, secteur Biochimie, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - C Ravel
- CHU RENNES, Département de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Reproduction Humaine - CECOS, F-35000 Rennes, France.,Université Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
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7
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Jin X, Zhang S, Ding T, Zhao P, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Li W. Testicular Lmcd1 regulates phagocytosis by Sertoli cells through modulation of NFAT1/Txlna signaling pathway. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13217. [PMID: 32840323 PMCID: PMC7576262 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress is well known to cause testicular dysfunction in aging males, but the detailed relationships between aging, oxidative stress, and testicular function remain to be elucidated. LIM and cysteine‐rich domains 1 (LMCD1) regulates fundamentally cellular process by interacting with transcription factors. A recent study has identified Lmcd1 as one of the most upregulated nuclear proteins associated with Sertoli cell (SC) differentiation, raising the possibility that testicular actions of LMCD1 are likely to take place. Herein, we reported that LMCD1 was exclusively expressed in the nuclei of SCs. This expression was regulated by TNF‐α signaling produced by apoptotic germ cells (GCs) and was suppressed by oxidative stress in a STAT3‐dependent manner. Ablation of endogenous LMCD1 expression caused lipid accumulation and senescence in GC co‐incubated SCs. Using a previously validated in vivo siRNA approach, we showed that LMCD1 depletion significantly impaired male fertility by inducing oligozoospermia and asthenospermia. Mechanistically, LMCD1 upregulation was associated with the nuclear enrichment of the nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFAT1), a core component of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent pathway. LMCD1 facilitated the dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NFAT1, which consequently expedited the transactivation of Txlna, a binding partner of the syntaxin family essential for testicular phagocytosis, and thus promoted the removal of apoptotic GCs by phagocytic SCs. Collectively, LMCD1 may operate as a novel pretranscriptional integrator linking SC phagocytosis, lipid homeostasis, and cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Jin
- Department of Basic Medical Morphology Medical College Xijing University Xi'an China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Morphology Medical College Xijing University Xi'an China
| | - Tianbing Ding
- Department of Basic Functioning Medicine Medical College Xijing University Xi'an China
| | - Pengtao Zhao
- Department of Basic Medical Morphology Medical College Xijing University Xi'an China
| | - Chunli Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Morphology Medical College Xijing University Xi'an China
| | - Yuxing Zhang
- Department of Basic Functioning Medicine Medical College Xijing University Xi'an China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
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Zomer HD, Reddi PP. Characterization of rodent Sertoli cell primary cultures. Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 87:857-870. [PMID: 32743879 PMCID: PMC7685524 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sertoli cells play a vital role in spermatogenesis by offering physical and nutritional support to the differentiating male germ cells. They form the blood-testis barrier and secrete growth factors essential for germ cell differentiation. Sertoli cell primary cultures are critical for understanding the regulation of spermatogenesis; however, obtaining pure cultures has been a challenge. Rodent Sertoli cell isolation protocols do not rule out contamination by the interstitial or connective tissue cells. Sertoli cell-specific markers could be helpful, but there is no consensus. Vimentin, the most commonly used marker, is not specific for Sertoli cells since its expression has been reported in peritubular myoid cells, mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells, which contaminate Sertoli cell preparations. Markers based on transcription and growth factors also have limitations. Thus, the impediment to obtaining pure Sertoli cell cultures pertains to both the method of isolation and marker usage. The aim of this review is to discuss improvements to current methods of rodent Sertoli cell primary cultures, assess the properties of prepubertal versus mature Sertoli cell cultures, and propose steps to improve cellular characterization. Potential benefits of using contemporary approaches, including lineage tracing, specific cell ablation, and RNA-seq for obtaining Sertoli-specific transcript markers are discussed. Evaluating the specificity and applicability of these markers at the protein level to characterize Sertoli cells in culture would be critical. This review is expected to positively impact future work using primary cultures of rodent Sertoli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena D Zomer
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Prabhakara P Reddi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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Ginisty A, Oliver L, Arnault P, Vallette F, Benzakour O, Coronas V. The vitamin K-dependent factor, protein S, regulates brain neural stem cell migration and phagocytic activities towards glioma cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 855:30-39. [PMID: 31028740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors. Due to both their invasive nature and resistance to multimodal treatments, these tumors have a very high percentage of recurrence leading in most cases to a rapid fatal outcome. Recent data demonstrated that neural stem/progenitor cells possess an inherent ability to migrate towards glioma cells, track them in the brain and reduce their growth. However, mechanisms involved in these processes have not been explored in-depth. In the present report, we investigated interactions between glioma cells and neural stem/progenitor cells derived from the subventricular zone, the major brain stem cell niche. Our data show that neural stem/progenitor cells are attracted by cultured glioma-derived factors. Using multiple approaches, we demonstrate for the first time that the vitamin K-dependent factor protein S produced by glioma cells is involved in tumor tropism through a mechanism involving the tyrosine kinase receptor Tyro3 that, in turn, is expressed by neural stem/progenitor cells. Neural stem/progenitor cells decrease the growth of both glioma cell cultures and clonogenic population. Cultured neural stem/progenitor cells also engulf, by phagocytosis, apoptotic glioma cell-derived fragments and this mechanism depends on the exposure of phosphatidylserine eat-me signal and is stimulated by protein S. The disclosure of a role of protein S/Tyro3 axis in neural stem/progenitor cell tumor-tropism and the demonstration of a phagocytic activity of neural stem/progenitor cells towards dead glioma cells that is regulated by protein S open up new perspectives for both stem cell biology and brain physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Ginisty
- Laboratoire Signalisations et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), CNRS ERL 7003 Equipe 4CS - Université de Poitiers, UFR SFA, Pôle Biologie Santé, Bâtiment B36, 1 Rue Georges Bonnet, TSA 51106, 86073, POITIERS Cedex 9, France; Present Address: Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A) UMR 8256 CNRS-UPMC Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS) Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Lisa Oliver
- CRCINA, Inserm U1232, Université de Nantes, 44 0000, Nantes, France; Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, René Gauducheau, 44 8000, St Herblain, France; Micronit GDR CNRS 3697, 75020, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Arnault
- Laboratoire Signalisations et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), CNRS ERL 7003 Equipe 4CS - Université de Poitiers, UFR SFA, Pôle Biologie Santé, Bâtiment B36, 1 Rue Georges Bonnet, TSA 51106, 86073, POITIERS Cedex 9, France; Micronit GDR CNRS 3697, 75020, Paris, France
| | - François Vallette
- CRCINA, Inserm U1232, Université de Nantes, 44 0000, Nantes, France; Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, René Gauducheau, 44 8000, St Herblain, France; Micronit GDR CNRS 3697, 75020, Paris, France
| | - Omar Benzakour
- Inserm U1082, Université de Poitiers, 86073, Poitiers cedex 09, France
| | - Valérie Coronas
- Laboratoire Signalisations et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), CNRS ERL 7003 Equipe 4CS - Université de Poitiers, UFR SFA, Pôle Biologie Santé, Bâtiment B36, 1 Rue Georges Bonnet, TSA 51106, 86073, POITIERS Cedex 9, France; Micronit GDR CNRS 3697, 75020, Paris, France.
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Yefimova MG, Messaddeq N, Meunier AC, Cantereau A, Jegou B, Bourmeyster N. Phagocytosis by Sertoli Cells: Analysis of Main Phagocytosis Steps by Confocal and Electron Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1748:85-101. [PMID: 29453567 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7698-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sertoli cells were discovered in the seminiferous tubules by Enrico Sertoli in 1865 (Morgagni 7:31-33, 1865). Intense phagocytosis is, in the context of spermatogenesis cycle, morphologically the most noticeable function of Sertoli cells. In this chapter the major principles of phagocytosis machinery and its specificities in the seminiferous tubules will be briefly reviewed, guidelines of analysis of main phagocytosis steps by confocal and transmission electron microscopy will be described, and a simplified method to assess phagocytosis rate in routine experiments will be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina G Yefimova
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers/CNRS, Poitiers, France.,Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersbourg, Russia
| | - Nadia Messaddeq
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Annie-Claire Meunier
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers/CNRS, Poitiers, France
| | - Anne Cantereau
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers/CNRS, Poitiers, France.,Plateforme IMAGE-UP, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Nicolas Bourmeyster
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers/CNRS, Poitiers, France. .,CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
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11
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Yefimova MG, Béré E, Cantereau-Becq A, Harnois T, Meunier AC, Messaddeq N, Becq F, Trottier Y, Bourmeyster N. Myelinosomes act as natural secretory organelles in Sertoli cells to prevent accumulation of aggregate-prone mutant Huntingtin and CFTR. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:4170-4185. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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12
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Ginisty A, Gély-Pernot A, Abaamrane L, Morel F, Arnault P, Coronas V, Benzakour O. Evidence for a Subventricular Zone Neural Stem Cell Phagocytic Activity Stimulated by the Vitamin K-Dependent Factor Protein S. Stem Cells 2015; 33:515-25. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Ginisty
- CNRS ERL 7368; Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers; Poitiers cedex 09 France
| | - Aurore Gély-Pernot
- CNRS ERL 7368; Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers; Poitiers cedex 09 France
| | - Loubna Abaamrane
- CNRS ERL 7368; Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers; Poitiers cedex 09 France
| | - Franck Morel
- LITEC, EA 4331; University of Poitiers; Poitiers cedex 09 France
| | - Patricia Arnault
- CNRS ERL 7368; Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers; Poitiers cedex 09 France
| | - Valérie Coronas
- CNRS ERL 7368; Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers; Poitiers cedex 09 France
| | - Omar Benzakour
- CNRS ERL 7368; Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers; Poitiers cedex 09 France
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13
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Baptissart M, Vega A, Martinot E, Volle DH. Male fertility: Is spermiogenesis the critical step for answering biomedical issues? SPERMATOGENESIS 2014; 3:e24114. [PMID: 23885302 PMCID: PMC3710220 DOI: 10.4161/spmg.24114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Regarding male fertility, biomedical issues have opposite goals to treat infertility or develop contraceptive drugs. Recently, the identification of the molecular mechanisms involved in germ cell differentiation suggest that spermiogenesis has to be put at the crossroad to reach these goals. Concerning fertility issues, citizens in our modern world are schizophrenic. On one side, couples have the possibility to control conception; and on the other side, more and more couples suffer from the misfortune of being infertile. These two societal problems lead to intensive research and conflicting government policies. However, these opposing goals rely on a better understanding of germ cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Baptissart
- Inserm U 1103; Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD); F-63177 AUBIERE, France ; Clermont Université; Université Blaise Pascal; GReD, BP 10448; F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, France ; CNRS; UMR 6293; GReD; F-63177 AUBIERE, France ; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne; F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, France
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14
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Le Borgne M, Chartier N, Buchet-Poyau K, Destaing O, Faurobert E, Thibert C, Rouault JP, Courchet J, Nègre D, Bouvard D, Albiges-Rizo C, Rousseaux S, Khochbin S, Segretain D, Crépieux P, Guillou F, Durand P, Perrard MH, Billaud M. The RNA-binding protein Mex3b regulates the spatial organization of the Rap1 pathway. Development 2014; 141:2096-107. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.108514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The four related mammalian MEX-3 RNA-binding proteins are evolutionarily conserved molecules for which the in vivo functions have not yet been fully characterized. Here, we report that male mice deficient for the gene encoding Mex3b are subfertile. Seminiferous tubules of Mex3b-deficient mice are obstructed as a consequence of the disrupted phagocytic capacity of somatic Sertoli cells. In addition, both the formation and the integrity of the blood-testis barrier are compromised owing to mislocalization of N-cadherin and connexin 43 at the surface of Sertoli cells. We further establish that Mex3b acts to regulate the cortical level of activated Rap1, a small G protein controlling phagocytosis and cell-cell interaction, through the activation and transport of Rap1GAP. The active form of Rap1 (Rap1-GTP) is abnormally increased at the membrane cortex and chemically restoring Rap1-GTP to physiological levels rescues the phagocytic and adhesion abilities of Sertoli cells. Overall, these findings implicate Mex3b in the spatial organization of the Rap1 pathway that orchestrates Sertoli cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïlys Le Borgne
- INSERM, U823; Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1; Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble F-38700, France
| | - Nicolas Chartier
- INSERM, U823; Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1; Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble F-38700, France
| | - Karine Buchet-Poyau
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pôle Information Médicale Evaluation Recherche, Lyon F-69003, France
| | - Olivier Destaing
- INSERM, U823; Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1; Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble F-38700, France
| | - Eva Faurobert
- INSERM, U823; Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1; Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble F-38700, France
| | - Chantal Thibert
- INSERM, U823; Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1; Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble F-38700, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Rouault
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR5242 CNRS/INRA/UCBL/ENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46, allée d'Italie, Lyon 69364, Cedex 07, France
| | - Julien Courchet
- Columbia University Department of Neurosciences, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Didier Nègre
- Université de Lyon, Inserm, EVIR, U758, Human Virology Department, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69007, France
| | - Daniel Bouvard
- INSERM, U823; Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1; Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble F-38700, France
| | - Corinne Albiges-Rizo
- INSERM, U823; Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1; Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble F-38700, France
| | - Sophie Rousseaux
- INSERM, U823; Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1; Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble F-38700, France
| | - Saadi Khochbin
- INSERM, U823; Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1; Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble F-38700, France
| | - Dominique Segretain
- UMR S775, University Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, Paris 75006, France
- University of Versailles, Saint Quentin 78035, France
| | - Pascale Crépieux
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 7247 INRA-CNRS-Université de Tours, Nouzilly 37380, France
| | - Florian Guillou
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 7247 INRA-CNRS-Université de Tours, Nouzilly 37380, France
| | - Philippe Durand
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR5242 CNRS/INRA/UCBL/ENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46, allée d'Italie, Lyon 69364, Cedex 07, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Perrard
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR5242 CNRS/INRA/UCBL/ENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46, allée d'Italie, Lyon 69364, Cedex 07, France
| | - Marc Billaud
- INSERM, U823; Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1; Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble F-38700, France
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Zhu CJ, Zhang S, Liang Y, Li W. Elicitation of metastasis associated protein 2 expression in the phagocytosis by murine testicular Sertoli cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 445:667-72. [PMID: 24583130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Efficient phagocytic clearance of apoptotic spermatogenic cells and residual bodies (RBs) by Sertoli cells (SCs) is crucial for functional mature spermatogenesis. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying this SCs function. Herein, we reported for the first time that SCs-expressing metastasis associated protein 2 (Mta2), a chromatin modifier playing a critical role in modifying DNA accessibility for transcriptional regulation, was steadily up-regulated when SCs were co-cultured with RBs. The most efficient stimulatory substrates for the inducement of phagocytosis-elicited Mta2 expression were RBs and fragments from apoptotic spermatocytes. Furthermore, one major result of this response is the transcriptional repression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene (Fshr) expression during phagocytosis, which should lead to a low level of circulated FSH because effects of FSH on spermatogenesis is fundamentally regulated by the down-regulation of Fshr after exposure to FSH. Given that high concentration of circulated FSH inhibits SCs phagocytic activity and impairment of MTA2 expression is associated with the abnormal high level of serum FSH, our present results suggest that the FSH/MTA2/Fshr cascade may serve as an indispensable negative feedback mechanism to help to maintain low level of circulated FSH, which is required for the normal occurrence of SCs phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Juan Zhu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Maqdasy S, Baptissart M, Vega A, Baron S, Lobaccaro JMA, Volle DH. Cholesterol and male fertility: what about orphans and adopted? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 368:30-46. [PMID: 22766106 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The link between cholesterol homeostasis and male fertility has been clearly suggested in patients who suffer from hyperlipidemia and metabolic syndrome. This has been confirmed by the generation of several transgenic mouse models or in animals fed with high cholesterol diet. Next to the alteration of the endocrine signaling pathways through steroid receptors (androgen and estrogen receptors); "orphan" and "adopted" nuclear receptors, such as the Liver X Receptors (LXRs), the Proliferating Peroxisomal Activated Receptors (PPARs) or the Liver Receptor Homolog-1 (LRH-1), have been involved in this cross-talk. These transcription factors show distinct expression patterns in the male genital tract, explaining the large panel of phenotypes observed in transgenic male mice and highlighting the importance of lipid homesostasis and the complexity of the molecular pathways involved. Increasing our knowledge of the roles of these nuclear receptors in male germ cell differentiation could help in proposing new approaches to either treat infertile men or define new strategies for contraception.
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Yefimova MG, Messaddeq N, Harnois T, Meunier AC, Clarhaut J, Noblanc A, Weickert JL, Cantereau A, Philippe M, Bourmeyster N, Benzakour O. A chimerical phagocytosis model reveals the recruitment by Sertoli cells of autophagy for the degradation of ingested illegitimate substrates. Autophagy 2013; 9:653-66. [PMID: 23439251 PMCID: PMC3669177 DOI: 10.4161/auto.23839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis and autophagy are typically dedicated to degradation of substrates of extrinsic and intrinsic origins respectively. Although overlaps between phagocytosis and autophagy were reported, the use of autophagy for ingested substrate degradation by nonprofessional phagocytes has not been described. Blood-separated tissues use their tissue-specific nonprofessional phagocytes for homeostatic phagocytosis. In the testis, Sertoli cells phagocytose spermatid residual bodies produced during germ cell differentiation. In the retina, pigmented epithelium phagocytoses shed photoreceptor tips produced during photoreceptor renewal. Spermatid residual bodies and shed photoreceptor tips are phosphatidylserine-exposing substrates. Activation of the tyrosine kinase receptor MERTK, which is implicated in phagocytosis of phosphatidylserine-exposing substrates, is a common feature of Sertoli and retinal pigmented epithelial cell phagocytosis. The major aim of our study was to investigate to what extent phagocytosis by Sertoli cells may be tissue specific. We analyzed in Sertoli cell cultures that were exposed to either spermatid residual bodies (legitimate substrates) or retina photoreceptor outer segments (illegitimate substrates) the course of the main phagocytosis stages. We show that whereas substrate binding and ingestion stages occur similarly for legitimate or illegitimate substrates, the degradation of illegitimate but not of legitimate substrates triggers autophagy as evidenced by the formation of double-membrane wrapping, MAP1LC3A-II/LC3-II clustering, SQSTM1/p62 degradation, and by marked changes in ATG5, ATG9 and BECN1/Beclin 1 protein expression profiles. The recruitment by nonprofessional phagocytes of autophagy for the degradation of ingested cell-derived substrates is a novel feature that may be of major importance for fundamentals of both apoptotic substrate clearance and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina G Yefimova
- Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, CNRS-FRE 3511, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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Booyjzsen C, Scarff CA, Moreton B, Portman I, Scrivens JH, Costantini G, Sadler PJ. Fibrillation of transferrin. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1820:427-36. [PMID: 22119572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nature of fibrillar deposits from aqueous solutions of human serum and recombinant human transferrin on mica and carbon-coated formvar surfaces has been investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Atomic force microscopy showed that the deposition of recombinant transferrin onto the hydrophilic surface of mica resulted in the formation of a monolayer-thick film composed of conformationally-strained flattened protein molecules. Elongated fibres developed on top of this layer and appeared to be composed of single proteins or small clusters thereof. Monomeric and dimeric transferrins were separated by gel permeation chromatography and their states of aggregation confirmed by mass spectrometry and dynamic light scattering. Transmission electron-microscopy showed that dimeric transferrin, but not monomeric transferrin, deposited on carbon-coated formvar grids forms rounded (circular) structures ca. 250nm in diameter. Small transferrin fibrils ca. 250nm long appeared to be composed of smaller rounded sub-units. Synchrotron radiation-circular dichroism and, Congo red and thioflavin-T dye-binding experiments suggested that transferrin aggregation in solution does not involve major structural changes to the protein or formation of classical β-sheet amyloid structures. Collisional cross sections determined via ion mobility-mass spectrometry showed little difference between the overall protein shapes of apo- and holo-transferrin in the gas phase. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The possibility that transferrin deformation and aggregation are involved in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease is discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Transferrins: Molecular mechanisms of iron transport and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Booyjzsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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Zhang M, He Z, Wen L, Wu J, Yuan L, Lu Y, Guo C, Zhu L, Deng S, Yuan H. Cadmium suppresses the proliferation of piglet Sertoli cells and causes their DNA damage, cell apoptosis and aberrant ultrastructure. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2010; 8:97. [PMID: 20712887 PMCID: PMC3224921 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-8-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Very little information is known about the toxic effects of cadmium on somatic cells in mammalian testis. The objective of this study is to explore the toxicity of cadmium on piglet Sertoli cells. METHODS Sertoli cells were isolated from piglet testes using a two-step enzyme digestion and followed by differential plating. Piglet Sertoli cells were identified by oil red O staining and Fas ligand (FasL) expression as assayed by immunocytochemistry and expression of transferrin and androgen binding protein by RT-PCR. Sertoli cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum in the absence or presence of various concentrations of cadmium chloride, or treatment with p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190 and with cadmium chloride exposure. Apoptotic cells in seminiferous tubules of piglets were also performed using TUNEL assay in vivo. RESULTS Cadmium chloride inhibited the proliferation of Piglet Sertoli cells as shown by MTT assay, and it increased malondialdehyde (MDA) but reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. Inhibitor SB202190 alleviated the proliferation inhibition of cadmium on piglet Sertoli cells. Comet assay revealed that cadmium chloride caused DNA damage of Piglet Sertoli cells and resulted in cell apoptosis as assayed by flow cytometry. The in vivo study confirmed that cadmium induced cell apoptosis in seminiferous tubules of piglets. Transmission electronic microscopy showed abnormal and apoptotic ultrastructure in Piglet Sertoli cells treated with cadmium chloride compared to the control. CONCLUSION cadmium has obvious adverse effects on the proliferation of piglet Sertoli cells and causes their DNA damage, cell apoptosis, and aberrant morphology. This study thus offers novel insights into the toxicology of cadmium on male reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Biotech Vocational College, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, P. R. China
| | - Zuping He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Lixin Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P. R. China
| | - Liyun Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P. R. China
| | - Yin Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P. R. China
| | - Chengzhi Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P. R. China
| | - Sijun Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P. R. China
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Rich RL, Myszka DG. Grading the commercial optical biosensor literature-Class of 2008: 'The Mighty Binders'. J Mol Recognit 2010; 23:1-64. [PMID: 20017116 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Optical biosensor technology continues to be the method of choice for label-free, real-time interaction analysis. But when it comes to improving the quality of the biosensor literature, education should be fundamental. Of the 1413 articles published in 2008, less than 30% would pass the requirements for high-school chemistry. To teach by example, we spotlight 10 papers that illustrate how to implement the technology properly. Then we grade every paper published in 2008 on a scale from A to F and outline what features make a biosensor article fabulous, middling or abysmal. To help improve the quality of published data, we focus on a few experimental, analysis and presentation mistakes that are alarmingly common. With the literature as a guide, we want to ensure that no user is left behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Rich
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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Chen Y, Wang H, Qi N, Wu H, Xiong W, Ma J, Lu Q, Han D. Functions of TAM RTKs in regulating spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice. Reproduction 2009; 138:655-66. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-09-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mice lacking TYRO3, AXL and MER (TAM) receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are male sterile. The mechanism of TAM RTKs in regulating male fertility remains unknown. In this study, we analyzed in more detail the testicular phenotype of TAM triple mutant (TAM−/−) mice with an effort to understand the mechanism. We demonstrate that the three TAM RTKs cooperatively regulate male fertility, and MER appears to be more important than AXL and TYRO3. TAM−/− testes showed a progressive loss of germ cells from elongated spermatids to spermatogonia. Young adult TAM−/− mice exhibited oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia and various morphological malformations of sperm cells. As the mice aged, the germ cells were eventually depleted from the seminiferous tubules. Furthermore, we found that TAM−/− Sertoli cells have an impaired phagocytic activity and a large number of differentially expressed genes compared to wild-type controls. By contrast, the function of Leydig cells was not apparently affected by the mutation of TAM RTKs. Therefore, we conclude that the suboptimal function of Sertoli cells leads to the impaired spermatogenesis in TAM−/− mice. The results provide novel insight into the mechanism of TAM RTKs in regulating male fertility.
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Une nouvelle fonction pour la transferrine exprimée par le testicule. Basic Clin Androl 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12610-009-0013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Résumé
Chez l’homme, les oligospermies sévères sont associées à un faible taux de transferrine dans le liquide séminal. La transferrine apparaît comme un bon indicateur pour définir les dysfonctionnements testiculaires. Son niveau d’expression dans le testicule doit être parfaitement contrôlé. Elle y joue un rôl dans le transport du fer. Mais de récents résultats montrent l’existence d’une forme dimérique de la transferrine sertolienne comme puissant régulateur de la phagocytose des corps résiduels par les cellules de Sertoli.
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