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Chakraborty P, Magnuson T. INO80 regulates chromatin accessibility to facilitate suppression of sex-linked gene expression during mouse spermatogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.01.04.522761. [PMID: 36711658 PMCID: PMC9881943 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.04.522761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The INO80 protein is the main catalytic subunit of the INO80-chromatin remodeling complex, which is critical for DNA repair and transcription regulation in murine spermatocytes. In this study, we explored the role of INO80 in silencing genes on meiotic sex chromosomes in male mice. INO80 immunolocalization at the XY body in pachytene spermatocytes suggested a role for INO80 in the meiotic sex body. Subsequent deletion of Ino80 resulted in high expression of sex-linked genes. Furthermore, the active form of RNA polymerase II at the sex body of Ino80 -null pachytene spermatocytes indicates incomplete inactivation of sex-linked genes. A reduction in the recruitment of initiators of meiotic sex chromosome inhibition (MSCI) argues for INO80-facilitated recruitment of DNA repair factors required for silencing sex-linked genes. This role of INO80 is independent of a common INO80 target H2A.Z. Instead, in the absence of INO80, a reduction in chromatin accessibility at DNA repair sites occurs on the sex chromosomes. These data suggest a role for INO80 in DNA repair factor localization, thereby facilitating the silencing of sex-linked genes during the onset of pachynema. Summary Statement Chromatin accessibility and DNA repair factor localization at the sex chromosomes are facilitated by INO80, which regulates sex-linked gene silencing during meiotic progression in spermatocytes.
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2
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Barutc AR, Frit AJ, McCor RP, Nick JA, Asla M. Heat shock factor 5 establishes the male germ-line meiotic sex chromosome inactivation through regulation of Smarca4. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15194. [PMID: 37206036 PMCID: PMC10189179 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiotic sex chromosome inactivation is an essential event in male germ cell development, which is directed by DNA damage response signaling independent of Xist RNA to silence the transcription activity of the sex chromosomes. However, the specific mechanism of establishment and maintenance of meiotic chromosome silencing is still unclear. Here we identify the HSF5 as a testicular specific protein and the expression of which was at the onset of meiosis pachytene stage to round sperm. When the function of the HSF5 was lost, meiosis sex chromosome remodeling and silencing fail, followed by activation of CHK2 checkpoint leads to germ cell apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that SMARCA4 in the linking the HSF5 to MSCI and uncover additional factors with meiotic sex chromosome remodeling. Together, our results demonstrate a requirement for HSF5 activity in spermatogenesis and suggest a role for the mammalian HSF5-SMARCA4 in programmed meiotic sex chromosome remodeling and silencing events that take place during meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rasim Barutc
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21551, Saudi Arabia
- Program in Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Andrew J. Frit
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Rachel P. McCor
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21551, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jeffrey A. Nick
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21551, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Asla
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21551, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21551, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Sadek M, Sheth A, Zimmerman G, Hays E, Vélez-Cruz R. The role of SWI/SNF chromatin remodelers in the repair of DNA double strand breaks and cancer therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1071786. [PMID: 36605718 PMCID: PMC9810387 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1071786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Switch/Sucrose non-fermenting (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodelers hydrolyze ATP to push and slide nucleosomes along the DNA thus modulating access to various genomic loci. These complexes are the most frequently mutated epigenetic regulators in human cancers. SWI/SNF complexes are well known for their function in transcription regulation, but more recent work has uncovered a role for these complexes in the repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). As radiotherapy and most chemotherapeutic agents kill cancer cells by inducing double strand breaks, by identifying a role for these complexes in double strand break repair we are also identifying a DNA repair vulnerability that can be exploited therapeutically in the treatment of SWI/SNF-mutated cancers. In this review we summarize work describing the function of various SWI/SNF subunits in the repair of double strand breaks with a focus on homologous recombination repair and discuss the implication for the treatment of cancers with SWI/SNF mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sadek
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
| | - Anand Sheth
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
| | - Grant Zimmerman
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
| | - Emily Hays
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
| | - Renier Vélez-Cruz
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
- Chicago College of Optometry, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
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4
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de Castro RO, Previato de Almeida L, Carbajal A, Gryniuk I, Pezza RJ. PBAF chromatin remodeler complexes that mediate meiotic transitions in mouse. Development 2022; 149:dev199967. [PMID: 36111709 PMCID: PMC9573785 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Gametogenesis in mammals encompasses highly regulated developmental transitions. These are associated with changes in transcription that cause characteristic patterns of gene expression observed during distinct stages of gamete development, which include specific activities with critical meiotic functions. SWI/SNF chromatin remodelers are recognized regulators of gene transcription and DNA repair, but their composition and functions in meiosis are poorly understood. We have generated gamete-specific conditional knockout mice for ARID2, a specific regulatory subunit of PBAF, and have compared its phenotype with BRG1 knockouts, the catalytic subunit of PBAF/BAF complexes. While Brg1Δ/Δ knockout acts at an early stage of meiosis and causes cell arrest at pachynema, ARID2 activity is apparently required at the end of prophase I. Striking defects in spindle assembly and chromosome-spindle attachment observed in Arid2Δ/Δ knockouts are attributed to an increase in aurora B kinase, a master regulator of chromosome segregation, at centromeres. Further genetic and biochemical analyses suggest the formation of a canonical PBAF and a BRG1-independent complex containing ARID2 and PBRM1 as core components. The data support a model in which different PBAF complexes regulate different stages of meiosis and gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo O. de Castro
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Luciana Previato de Almeida
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Agustin Carbajal
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Irma Gryniuk
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Roberto J. Pezza
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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5
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Qing H, Hu J, Fu H, Zhao Z, Nong W, Wang J, Yang F, Zhao S. Activation of thermogenesis pathways in testis of diet-induced obesity mice. Reprod Biol 2022; 22:100652. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2022.100652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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6
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Chakraborty P, Magnuson T. INO80 requires a polycomb subunit to regulate the establishment of poised chromatin in murine spermatocytes. Development 2022; 149:273926. [PMID: 35006254 PMCID: PMC8881737 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INO80 is the catalytic subunit of the INO80-chromatin remodeling complex that is involved in DNA replication, repair and transcription regulation. Ino80 deficiency in murine spermatocytes (Ino80cKO) results in pachytene arrest of spermatocytes due to incomplete synapsis and aberrant DNA double-strand break repair, which leads to apoptosis. RNA-seq on Ino80cKO spermatocytes revealed major changes in transcription, indicating that an aberrant transcription program arises upon INO80 depletion. In Ino80WT spermatocytes, genome-wide analysis showed that INO80-binding sites were mostly promoter proximal and necessary for the regulation of spermatogenic gene expression, primarily of premeiotic and meiotic genes. Furthermore, most of the genes poised for activity, as well as those genes that are active, shared INO80 binding. In Ino80cKO spermatocytes, most poised genes demonstrated de-repression due to reduced H3K27me3 enrichment and, in turn, showed increased expression levels. INO80 interacts with the core PRC2 complex member SUZ12 and promotes its recruitment. Furthermore, INO80 mediates H2A.Z incorporation at the poised promoters, which was reduced in Ino80cKO spermatocytes. Taken together, INO80 is emerging as a major regulator of the meiotic transcription program by mediating poised chromatin establishment through SUZ12 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabuddha Chakraborty
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264, USA
| | - Terry Magnuson
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264, USA,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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7
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Moritz L, Hammoud SS. The Art of Packaging the Sperm Genome: Molecular and Structural Basis of the Histone-To-Protamine Exchange. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:895502. [PMID: 35813619 PMCID: PMC9258737 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.895502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Male fertility throughout life hinges on the successful production of motile sperm, a developmental process that involves three coordinated transitions: mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. Germ cells undergo both mitosis and meiosis to generate haploid round spermatids, in which histones bound to the male genome are replaced with small nuclear proteins known as protamines. During this transformation, the chromatin undergoes extensive remodeling to become highly compacted in the sperm head. Despite its central role in spermiogenesis and fertility, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the remodeling process, including which remodelers/chaperones are involved, and whether intermediate chromatin proteins function as discrete steps, or unite simultaneously to drive successful exchange. Furthermore, it remains largely unknown whether more nuanced interactions instructed by protamine post-translational modifications affect chromatin dynamics or gene expression in the early embryo. Here, we bring together past and more recent work to explore these topics and suggest future studies that will elevate our understanding of the molecular basis of the histone-to-protamine exchange and the underlying etiology of idiopathic male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Moritz
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Lindsay Moritz, ; Saher Sue Hammoud,
| | - Saher Sue Hammoud
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Lindsay Moritz, ; Saher Sue Hammoud,
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8
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Ito T, Osada A, Ohta M, Yokota K, Nishiyama A, Niikura Y, Tamura T, Sekita Y, Kimura T. SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex is required for initiation of sex-dependent differentiation in mouse germline. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24074. [PMID: 34912016 PMCID: PMC8674328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual reproduction involves the creation of sex-dependent gametes, oocytes and sperm. In mammals, sexually dimorphic differentiation commences in the primordial germ cells (PGCs) in embryonic gonads; PGCs in ovaries and testes differentiate into meiotic primary oocytes and mitotically quiescent prospermatogonia, respectively. Here, we show that the transition from PGCs to sex-specific germ cells was abrogated in conditional knockout mice carrying a null mutation of Smarcb1 (also known as Snf5) gene, which encodes a core subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. In female mutant mice, failure to upregulate meiosis-related genes resulted in impaired meiotic entry and progression, including defects in synapsis formation and DNA double strand break repair. Mutant male mice exhibited delayed mitotic arrest and DNA hypomethylation in retrotransposons and imprinted genes, resulting from aberrant expression of genes related to growth and de novo DNA methylation. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the SWI/SNF complex is required for transcriptional reprogramming in the initiation of sex-dependent differentiation of germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Ito
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Science, Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Atsuki Osada
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Science, Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Masami Ohta
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Science, Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kana Yokota
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Science, Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yuichi Niikura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane, Chiba, 283-8555, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sekita
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Science, Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Tohru Kimura
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Science, Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan.
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9
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Hays E, Nettleton E, Carter C, Morales M, Vo L, Passo M, Vélez-Cruz R. The SWI/SNF ATPase BRG1 stimulates DNA end resection and homologous recombination by reducing nucleosome density at DNA double strand breaks and by promoting the recruitment of the CtIP nuclease. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:3096-3114. [PMID: 33044911 PMCID: PMC7714457 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1831256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are among the most toxic DNA lesions and can be repaired accurately through homologous recombination (HR). HR requires processing of the DNA ends by nucleases (DNA end resection) in order to generate the required single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) regions. The SWI/SNF chromatin remodelers are 10–15 subunit complexes that contain one ATPase (BRG1 or BRM). Multiple subunits of these complexes have recently been identified as a novel family of tumor suppressors. These complexes are capable of remodeling chromatin by pushing nucleosomes along the DNA. More recent studies have identified these chromatin remodelers as important factors in DNA repair. Using the DR-U2OS reporter system, we show that the down regulation of BRG1 significantly reduces HR efficiency, while BRM has a minor effect. Inactivation of BRG1 impairs DSB repair and results in a defect in DNA end resection, as measured by the amount of BrdU-containing ssDNA generated after DNA damage. Inactivation of BRG1 also impairs the activation of the ATR kinase, reduces the levels of chromatin-bound RPA, and reduces the number of RPA and RAD51 foci after DNA damage. This defect in DNA end resection is explained by the defective recruitment of GFP-CtIP to laser-induced DSBs in the absence of BRG1. Importantly, we show that BRG1 reduces nucleosome density at DSBs. Finally, inactivation of BRG1 renders cells sensitive to anti-cancer drugs that induce DSBs. This study identifies BRG1 as an important factor for HR, which suggests that BRG1-mutated cancers have a DNA repair vulnerability that can be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hays
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Midwestern University , Downers Grove, IL, USA.,College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University , Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Nettleton
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University , Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Caitlin Carter
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University , Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Mariangel Morales
- College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University , Downers Grove, IL, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Program, Midwestern University , Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Lynn Vo
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University , Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Max Passo
- College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University , Downers Grove, IL, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Program, Midwestern University , Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Renier Vélez-Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Midwestern University , Downers Grove, IL, USA.,College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University , Downers Grove, IL, USA.,Chicago College of Optometry, Midwestern University , Downers Grove, IL, USA
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10
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Zhou S, Feng S, Qin W, Wang X, Tang Y, Yuan S. Epigenetic Regulation of Spermatogonial Stem Cell Homeostasis: From DNA Methylation to Histone Modification. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:562-580. [PMID: 32939648 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells(SSCs)are the ultimate germline stem cells with the potential of self-renewal and differentiation, and a dynamic balance of SSCs play an essential role in spermatogenesis. During the gene expression process, genomic DNA and nuclear protein, working together, contribute to SSC homeostasis. Recently, emerging studies have shown that epigenome-related molecules such as chromatin modifiers play an important role in SSC homeostasis through regulating target gene expression. Here, we focus on two types of epigenetic events, including DNA methylation and histone modification, and summarize their function in SSC homeostasis. Understanding the molecular mechanism during SSC homeostasis will promote the recognition of epigenetic biomarkers in male infertility, and bring light into therapies of infertile patients.Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Zhou
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenglei Feng
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Weibing Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, 510500, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunge Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, 510500, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shuiqiao Yuan
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China. .,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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11
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Wang S, Wang P, Liang D, Wang Y. BRG1 Is Dispensable for Sertoli Cell Development and Functions in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124358. [PMID: 32575410 PMCID: PMC7353015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sertoli cells are somatic supporting cells in spermatogenic niche and play critical roles in germ cell development, but it is yet to be understood how epigenetic modifiers regulate Sertoli cell development and contribution to spermatogenesis. BRG1 (Brahma related gene 1) is a catalytic subunit of the mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and participates in transcriptional regulation. The present study aimed to define the functions of BRG1 in mouse Sertoli cells during mouse spermatogenesis. We found that BRG1 protein was localized in the nuclei of both Sertoli cells and germ cells in seminiferous tubules. We further examined the requirement of BRG1 in Sertoli cell development using a Brg1 conditional knockout mouse model and two Amh-Cre mouse strains to specifically delete Brg1 gene from Sertoli cells. We found that the Amh-Cre mice from Jackson Laboratory had inefficient recombinase activities in Sertoli cells, while the other Amh-Cre strain from the European Mouse Mutant Archive achieved complete Brg1 deletion in Sertoli cells. Nevertheless, the conditional knockout of Brg1 from Sertoli cells by neither of Amh-Cre strains led to any detectable abnormalities in the development of either Sertoli cells or germ cells, suggesting that BRG1-SWI/SNF complex is dispensable to the functions of Sertoli cells in spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (S.W.); (P.W.)
| | - Pengxiang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (S.W.); (P.W.)
| | - Dongli Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (S.W.); (P.W.)
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-21-54345023 (D.L.); +1-517-3531416 (Y.W.)
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-21-54345023 (D.L.); +1-517-3531416 (Y.W.)
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12
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Palmer N, Talib SZA, Ratnacaram CK, Low D, Bisteau X, Lee JHS, Pfeiffenberger E, Wollmann H, Tan JHL, Wee S, Sobota R, Gunaratne J, Messerschmidt DM, Guccione E, Kaldis P. CDK2 regulates the NRF1/ Ehmt1 axis during meiotic prophase I. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2896-2918. [PMID: 31350280 PMCID: PMC6719441 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201903125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmer et al. identify NRF1 as a novel CDK2 interactor and substrate. This interaction was found to be important for the DNA-binding activity of NRF1. Their findings demonstrate that the loss of CDK2 expression impairs the regulation of NRF1 transcriptional activity, leading to inappropriate transcription during meiotic division. Meiosis generates four genetically distinct haploid gametes over the course of two reductional cell divisions. Meiotic divisions are characterized by the coordinated deposition and removal of various epigenetic marks. Here we propose that nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) regulates transcription of euchromatic histone methyltransferase 1 (EHMT1) to ensure normal patterns of H3K9 methylation during meiotic prophase I. We demonstrate that cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK2) can bind to the promoters of a number of genes in male germ cells including that of Ehmt1 through interaction with the NRF1 transcription factor. Our data indicate that CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of NRF1 can occur at two distinct serine residues and negatively regulates NRF1 DNA binding activity in vitro. Furthermore, induced deletion of Cdk2 in spermatocytes results in increased expression of many NRF1 target genes including Ehmt1. We hypothesize that the regulation of NRF1 transcriptional activity by CDK2 may allow the modulation of Ehmt1 expression, therefore controlling the dynamic methylation of H3K9 during meiotic prophase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Palmer
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Zakiah A Talib
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | | | - Diana Low
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Xavier Bisteau
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Joanna Hui Si Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | | | - Heike Wollmann
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Joel Heng Loong Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheena Wee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Radoslaw Sobota
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Daniel M Messerschmidt
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore .,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore .,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Menon DU, Shibata Y, Mu W, Magnuson T. Mammalian SWI/SNF collaborates with a polycomb-associated protein to regulate male germline transcription in the mouse. Development 2019; 146:dev174094. [PMID: 31043422 PMCID: PMC6803380 DOI: 10.1242/dev.174094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A deficiency in BRG1, the catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, results in a meiotic arrest during spermatogenesis. Here, we explore the causative mechanisms. BRG1 is preferentially enriched at active promoters of genes essential for spermatogonial pluripotency and meiosis. In contrast, BRG1 is also associated with the repression of somatic genes. Chromatin accessibility at these target promoters is dependent upon BRG1. These results favor a model in which BRG1 coordinates spermatogenic transcription to ensure meiotic progression. In spermatocytes, BRG1 interacts with SCML2, a testis-specific PRC1 factor that is associated with the repression of somatic genes. We present evidence to suggest that BRG1 and SCML2 concordantly regulate genes during meiosis. Furthermore, BRG1 is required for the proper localization of SCML2 and its associated deubiquitylase, USP7, to the sex chromosomes during pachynema. SCML2-associated mono-ubiquitylation of histone H2A lysine 119 (H2AK119ub1) and acetylation of histone lysine 27 (H3K27ac) are elevated in Brg1cKO testes. Coincidentally, the PRC1 ubiquitin ligase RNF2 is activated while a histone H2A/H2B deubiquitylase USP3 is repressed. Thus, BRG1 impacts the male epigenome by influencing the localization and expression of epigenetic modifiers. This mechanism highlights a novel paradigm of cooperativity between SWI/SNF and PRC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashish U Menon
- Department of Genetics, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264, USA
| | - Yoichiro Shibata
- Department of Genetics, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264, USA
| | - Weipeng Mu
- Department of Genetics, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264, USA
| | - Terry Magnuson
- Department of Genetics, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264, USA
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14
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Sun L, Sun G, Shi C, Sun D. Transcriptome analysis reveals new microRNAs-mediated pathway involved in anther development in male sterile wheat. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:333. [PMID: 29739311 PMCID: PMC5941544 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4727-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 337S is a novel bi-pole-photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line in wheat, and sensitive to both long day length/high temperature and short day length/low temperature condition. Although the regulatory function of MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in reproductive development has been increasingly studied, their roles in pre-meiotic and meiotic cells formation of plants have not been clearly explored. Here, we explored the roles of miRNAs in regulating male sterility of 337S at short day length/low temperature condition. Results Small RNA sequencing and degradome analyses were employed to identify miRNAs and their targets in the 337S whose meiotic cells collapsed rapidly during male meiotic prophase, resulting in failure of meiosis at SL condition. A total of 102 unique miRNAs were detected. Noticeably, the largest miRNA family was MiR1122. The target CCR4-associated factor 1 (CAF1) of miR2275, a subunit of the Carbon Catabolite Repressed 4-Negative on TATA-less (CCR4-NOT) complex, contributes to the process of early meiosis, and was first identified here. Further studies showed that the expression of several pivotal anther-related miRNAs was altered in 337S at SL condition, especially tae-miR1127a, which may be related to male sterility of 337S. Here, we also identified a new member of SWI/SNF factors SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A, member 3-like 3 (SMARCA3L3) targeted by tae-miR1127a, whose function might be involved in faithful progression of meiosis in male reproductive cells. Conclusion The miRNA-target interactions of tae-miR2275-CAF1 and tae-miR1127a-SMARCA3L3 might be involved in regulating male fertility in 337S. Our results also implied that multiple roles for SMARCA3L3 and CAF1 in DNA repair and transcriptional regulation jointly orchestrated a tight and orderly system for maintaining chromatin and genome integrity during meiosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4727-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqing Sun
- College of plant science & technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Genlou Sun
- Biology Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Chenxia Shi
- College of plant science & technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Dongfa Sun
- College of plant science & technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China. .,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
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15
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Sato Y, Hasegawa C, Tajima A, Nozawa S, Yoshiike M, Koh E, Kanaya J, Namiki M, Matsumiya K, Tsujimura A, Komatsu K, Itoh N, Eguchi J, Yamauchi A, Iwamoto T. Association of TUSC1 and DPF3 gene polymorphisms with male infertility. J Assist Reprod Genet 2017; 35:257-263. [PMID: 28975488 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-017-1052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, genome-wide association studies of a Hutterite population in the USA revealed that five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with a significant association with sperm quality and/or function in ethnically diverse men from Chicago were significantly correlated with family size. Of these, three SNPs (rs7867029, rs7174015, and rs12870438) were found to be significantly associated with the risk of azoospermia and/or oligozoospermia in a Japanese population. In this study, we investigated whether the rs10966811 (located in an intergenic region between the TUSC1 and IZUMO3 genes) and rs10129954 (located in the DPF3 gene) SNPs, previously related to family size, are associated with male infertility. In addition, we performed association analysis between rs12348 in TUSC1 and rs2772579 in IZUMO3 and male infertility. METHODS We genotyped 145 patients with infertility (including 83 patients with azoospermia and 62 with oligozoospermia) and 713 fertile controls by PCR-RFLP technique for polymorphism. Because rs10966811 has no restriction sites, the SNP rs12376894 with strong linkage disequilibrium was selected as an alternative to rs10966811. RESULTS There was a statistically significant association between rs12376894 proxy SNP of rs10966811 and oligozoospermia. Also, a statistically significant association between rs10129954 and azoospermia, and oligozoospermia was observed. When we assessed the relationship between rs12348 in TUSC1 and rs2772579 in IZUMO3 and male infertility traits, we found that rs12348 in TUSC1 was significantly associated with azoospermia and oligozoospermia, but rs2772579 in IZUMO3 was not associated with male infertility. CONCLUSION We found that the polymorphisms in TUSC1 and DPF3 displayed strong associations with male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youichi Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Information Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Chise Hasegawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Information Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shiari Nozawa
- Department of Urology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Miki Yoshiike
- Department of Urology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Eitetsue Koh
- Department of Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Jiro Kanaya
- Department of Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Mikio Namiki
- Department of Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.,Department of Urology, Hasegawa Hospital, Toyama, 930-0065, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Matsumiya
- Department of Urology, Suita Tokushukai Hospital, Osaka, 565-0814, Japan
| | - Akira Tsujimura
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Komatsu
- Department of Urology, Harasanshinkai Hospital, Fukuoka, 812-0033, Japan
| | - Naoki Itoh
- Department of Urology, NTT East Sapporo Hospital, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan
| | - Jiro Eguchi
- Department of Urology, Sasebo Kyosai Hospital, Sasebo, 857-8575, Japan
| | - Aiko Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Information Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Teruaki Iwamoto
- Department of Urology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Japan.,Center for Infertility and IVF, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Nasushiobara, 329-2763, Japan
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16
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Venkataramanan S, Douglass S, Galivanche AR, Johnson TL. The chromatin remodeling complex Swi/Snf regulates splicing of meiotic transcripts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:7708-7721. [PMID: 28637241 PMCID: PMC5570110 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its relatively streamlined genome, there are important examples of regulated RNA splicing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, such as splicing of meiotic transcripts. Like other eukaryotes, S. cerevisiae undergoes a dramatic reprogramming of gene expression during meiosis, including regulated splicing of a number of crucial meiosis-specific RNAs. Splicing of a subset of these is dependent upon the splicing activator Mer1. Here we show a crucial role for the chromatin remodeler Swi/Snf in regulation of splicing of meiotic genes and find that the complex affects meiotic splicing in two ways. First, we show that Swi/Snf regulates nutrient-dependent downregulation of ribosomal protein encoding RNAs, leading to the redistribution of spliceosomes from this abundant class of intron-containing RNAs (the ribosomal protein genes) to Mer1-regulated transcripts. We also demonstrate that Mer1 expression is dependent on Snf2, its acetylation state and histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation at the MER1 locus. Hence, Snf2 exerts systems level control of meiotic gene expression through two temporally distinct mechanisms, demonstrating that it is a key regulator of meiotic splicing in S. cerevisiae. We also reveal an evolutionarily conserved mechanism whereby the cell redirects its energy from maintaining its translational capacity to the process of meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivats Venkataramanan
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stephen Douglass
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anoop R. Galivanche
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tracy L. Johnson
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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17
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Rouhana L, Tasaki J, Saberi A, Newmark PA. Genetic dissection of the planarian reproductive system through characterization of Schmidtea mediterranea CPEB homologs. Dev Biol 2017; 426:43-55. [PMID: 28434803 PMCID: PMC5544531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic polyadenylation is a mechanism of mRNA regulation prevalent in metazoan germ cells; it is largely dependent on Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation Element Binding proteins (CPEBs). Two CPEB homologs were identified in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. Smed-CPEB1 is expressed in ovaries and yolk glands of sexually mature planarians, and required for oocyte and yolk gland development. In contrast, Smed-CPEB2 is expressed in the testes and the central nervous system; its function is required for spermatogenesis as well as non-autonomously for development of ovaries and accessory reproductive organs. Transcriptome analysis of CPEB knockdown animals uncovered a comprehensive collection of molecular markers for reproductive structures in S. mediterranea, including ovaries, testes, yolk glands, and the copulatory apparatus. Analysis by RNA interference revealed contributions for a dozen of these genes during oogenesis, spermatogenesis, or capsule formation. We also present evidence suggesting that Smed-CPEB2 promotes translation of Neuropeptide Y-8, a prohormone required for planarian sexual maturation. These findings provide mechanistic insight into potentially conserved processes of germ cell development, as well as events involved in capsule deposition by flatworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Labib Rouhana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Junichi Tasaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Amir Saberi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Phillip A Newmark
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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18
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de Castro RO, Previato L, Goitea V, Felberg A, Guiraldelli MF, Filiberti A, Pezza RJ. The chromatin-remodeling subunit Baf200 promotes homology-directed DNA repair and regulates distinct chromatin-remodeling complexes. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:8459-8471. [PMID: 28381560 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.778183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency and type of pathway chosen to repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are critically influenced by the nucleosome packaging and the chromatin architecture surrounding the DSBs. The Swi/Snf (PBAF and BAF) chromatin-remodeling complexes contribute to DNA damage-induced nucleosome remodeling, but the mechanism by which it contributes to this function is poorly understood. Herein, we report how the Baf200 (Arid2) PBAF-defining subunit regulates DSB repair. We used cytological and biochemical approaches to show that Baf200 plays an important function by facilitating homologous recombination-dependent processes, such as recruitment of Rad51 (a key component of homologous recombination) to DSBs, homology-directed repair, and cell survival after DNA damage. Furthermore, we observed that Baf200 and Rad51 are present in the same complex and that this interaction is mediated by C-terminal sequences in both proteins. It has been recognized previously that the interplay between distinct forms of Swi/Snf has profound functional consequences, but we understand little about the composition of complexes formed by PBAF protein subunits. Our biochemical analyses reveal that Baf200 forms at least two distinct complexes. One is a canonical form of PBAF including the Swi/Snf-associated Brg1 catalytic subunit, and the other contains Baf180 but not Brg1. This distinction of PBAF complexes based on their unique composition provides the foundation for future studies on the specific contributions of the PBAF forms to the regulation of DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Previato
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
| | - Victor Goitea
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
| | - Anna Felberg
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
| | | | - Adrian Filiberti
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
| | - Roberto J Pezza
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104.
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19
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Glanzner WG, Wachter A, Coutinho ARS, Albornoz MS, Duggavathi R, GonÇAlves PBD, Bordignon V. Altered expression of BRG1 and histone demethylases, and aberrant H3K4 methylation in less developmentally competent embryos at the time of embryonic genome activation. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 84:19-29. [PMID: 27879032 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics is a fundamental regulator underlying many biological functions, such as development and cell differentiation. Epigenetic modifications affect key chromatin regulation, including transcription and DNA repair, which are critical for normal embryo development. In this study, we profiled the expression of epigenetic modifiers and patterns of epigenetic changes in porcine embryos around the period of embryonic genome activation (EGA). We observed that Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1) and Lysine demethylase 1A (KDM1A), which can alter the methylation status of lysine 4 in histone 3 (H3K4), localize to the nucleus at Day 3-4 of development. We then compared the abundance of epigenetic modifiers between early- and late-cleaving embryos, which were classified based on the time to the first cell cleavage, to investigate if their nuclear localization contributes to developmental competence. The mRNA abundance of BRG1, KDM1A, as well as other lysine demethylases (KDM1B, KDM5A, KDM5B, and KDM5C), were significantly higher in late- compared to early-cleaving embryos near the EGA period, although these difference disappeared at the blastocyst stage. The abundance of H3K4 mono- (H3K4me) and di-methylation (H3K4me2) during the EGA period was reduced in late-cleaving and less developmentally competent embryos. By contrast, BRG1, KDM1A, and H3K4me2 abundance was greater in embryos with more than eight cells at Day 3-4 of development compared to those with fewer than four cells. These findings suggest that altered epigenetic modifications of H3K4 around the EGA period may affect the developmental capacity of porcine embryos to reach the blastocyst stage. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 84: 19-29, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner G Glanzner
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Audrey Wachter
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ana Rita S Coutinho
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marcelo S Albornoz
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Raj Duggavathi
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paulo B D GonÇAlves
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vilceu Bordignon
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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20
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Xiao Y, Pollack D, Andrusier M, Levy A, Callaway M, Nieves E, Reddi P, Vigodner M. Identification of cell-specific targets of sumoylation during mouse spermatogenesis. Reproduction 2016; 151:149-66. [PMID: 26701181 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings suggest diverse and potentially multiple roles of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) in testicular function and spermatogenesis. However, SUMO targets remain uncharacterized in the testis due to the complex multicellular nature of testicular tissue, the inability to maintain and manipulate spermatogenesis in vitro, and the technical challenges involved in identifying low-abundance endogenous SUMO targets. In this study, we performed cell-specific identification of sumoylated proteins using concentrated cell lysates prepared with de-sumoylation inhibitors from freshly purified spermatocytes and spermatids. One-hundred and twenty proteins were uniquely identified in the spermatocyte and/or spermatid fractions. The identified proteins are involved in the regulation of transcription, stress response, microRNA biogenesis, regulation of major enzymatic pathways, nuclear-cytoplasmic transport, cell-cycle control, acrosome biogenesis, and other processes. Several proteins with important roles during spermatogenesis were chosen for further characterization by co-immunoprecipitation, co-localization, and in vitro sumoylation studies. GPS-SUMO Software was used to identify consensus and non-consensus sumoylation sites within the amino acid sequences of the proteins. The analyses confirmed the cell-specific sumoylation and/or SUMO interaction of several novel, previously uncharacterized SUMO targets such as CDK1, RNAP II, CDC5, MILI, DDX4, TDP-43, and STK31. Furthermore, several proteins that were previously identified as SUMO targets in somatic cells (KAP1 and MDC1) were identified as SUMO targets in germ cells. Many of these proteins have a unique role in spermatogenesis and during meiotic progression. This research opens a novel avenue for further studies of SUMO at the level of individual targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Myrasol Callaway
- Department of BiologyStern College, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, USALaboratory for Macromolecular Analysis and ProteomicsAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USADepartment of BiologyStern College, Yeshiva University, 245 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USADepartment of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USADepartment of PathologyUniversity of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Edward Nieves
- Department of BiologyStern College, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, USALaboratory for Macromolecular Analysis and ProteomicsAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USADepartment of BiologyStern College, Yeshiva University, 245 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USADepartment of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USADepartment of PathologyUniversity of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Prabhakara Reddi
- Department of BiologyStern College, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, USALaboratory for Macromolecular Analysis and ProteomicsAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USADepartment of BiologyStern College, Yeshiva University, 245 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USADepartment of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USADepartment of PathologyUniversity of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Margarita Vigodner
- Department of BiologyStern College, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, USALaboratory for Macromolecular Analysis and ProteomicsAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USADepartment of BiologyStern College, Yeshiva University, 245 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USADepartment of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USADepartment of PathologyUniversity of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA Department of BiologyStern College, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, USALaboratory for Macromolecular Analysis and ProteomicsAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USADepartment of BiologyStern College, Yeshiva University, 245 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USADepartment of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USADepartment of PathologyUniversity of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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21
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Wang H, Zhao R, Guo C, Jiang S, Yang J, Xu Y, Liu Y, Fan L, Xiong W, Ma J, Peng S, Zeng Z, Zhou Y, Li X, Li Z, Li X, Schmitt DC, Tan M, Li G, Zhou M. Knockout of BRD7 results in impaired spermatogenesis and male infertility. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21776. [PMID: 26878912 PMCID: PMC4754950 DOI: 10.1038/srep21776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BRD7 was originally identified as a novel bromodomain gene and a potential transcriptional factor. BRD7 was found to be extensively expressed in multiple mouse tissues but was highly expressed in the testis. Furthermore, BRD7 was located in germ cells during multiple stages of spermatogenesis, ranging from the pachytene to the round spermatid stage. Homozygous knockout of BRD7 (BRD7−/−) resulted in complete male infertility and spermatogenesis defects, including deformed acrosomal formation, degenerative elongating spermatids and irregular head morphology in postmeiotic germ cells in the seminiferous epithelium, which led to the complete arrest of spermatogenesis at step 13. Moreover, a high ratio of apoptosis was determined by TUNEL analysis, which was supported by high levels of the apoptosis markers annexin V and p53 in knockout testes. Increased expression of the DNA damage maker λH2AX was also found in BRD7−/− mice, whereas DNA damage repair genes were down−regulated. Furthermore, no or lower expression of BRD7 was detected in the testes of azoospermia patients exhibiting spermatogenesis arrest than that in control group. These data demonstrate that BRD7 is involved in male infertility and spermatogenesis in mice, and BRD7 defect might be associated with the occurrence and development of human azoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heran Wang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.,Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P.R. China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P.R. China
| | - Chi Guo
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P.R. China
| | - Shihe Jiang
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P.R. China
| | - Yukun Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P.R. China
| | - Liqing Fan
- Institute of reproduction and stem cell engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P.R. China
| | - Jian Ma
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P.R. China
| | - Shuping Peng
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P.R. China
| | - Xiayu Li
- The Third Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P.R. China
| | - David C Schmitt
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36604, USA
| | - Ming Tan
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36604, USA
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.,Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.,Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, P.R. China
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22
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Serber DW, Runge JS, Menon DU, Magnuson T. The Mouse INO80 Chromatin-Remodeling Complex Is an Essential Meiotic Factor for Spermatogenesis. Biol Reprod 2015; 94:8. [PMID: 26607718 PMCID: PMC4809561 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.135533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to faithfully transmit genetic information across generations via the germ cells is a critical aspect of mammalian reproduction. The process of germ cell development requires a number of large-scale modulations of chromatin within the nucleus. One such occasion arises during meiotic recombination, when hundreds of DNA double-strand breaks are induced and subsequently repaired, enabling the transfer of genetic information between homologous chromosomes. The inability to properly repair DNA damage is known to lead to an arrest in the developing germ cells and sterility within the animal. Chromatin-remodeling activity, and in particular the BRG1 subunit of the SWI/SNF complex, has been shown to be required for successful completion of meiosis. In contrast, remodeling complexes of the ISWI and CHD families are required for postmeiotic processes. Little is known regarding the contribution of the INO80 family of chromatin-remodeling complexes, which is a particularly interesting candidate due to its well described functions during DNA double-strand break repair. Here we show that INO80 is expressed in developing spermatocytes during the early stages of meiotic prophase I. Based on this information, we used a conditional allele to delete the INO80 core ATPase subunit, thereby eliminating INO80 chromatin-remodeling activity in this lineage. The loss of INO80 resulted in an arrest during meiosis associated with a failure to repair DNA damage during meiotic recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Serber
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - John S Runge
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Debashish U Menon
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Terry Magnuson
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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23
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Skulte KA, Phan L, Clark SJ, Taberlay PC. Chromatin remodeler mutations in human cancers: epigenetic implications. Epigenomics 2015; 6:397-414. [PMID: 25333849 DOI: 10.2217/epi.14.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodeler complexes exhibit the ability to alter nucleosome composition and positions, with seemingly divergent roles in the regulation of chromatin architecture and gene expression. The outcome is directed by subunit variation and interactions with accessory factors. Recent studies have revealed that subunits of chromatin remodelers display an unexpectedly high mutation rate and/or are inactivated in a number of cancers. Consequently, a repertoire of epigenetic processes are likely to be affected, including interactions with histone modifying factors, as well as the ability to precisely modulate nucleosome positions, DNA methylation patterns and potentially, higher-order genome structure. However, the true significance of chromatin remodeler genetic aberrations in promoting a cascade of epigenetic changes, particularly during initiation and progression of cancer, remains largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Skulte
- Chromatin Dynamics Group, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 394 Victoria Rd, Darlinghurst 2010, New South Wales, Australia
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24
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Chen H, Lam Fok K, Jiang X, Chan HC. New insights into germ cell migration and survival/apoptosis in spermatogenesis: Lessons from CD147. SPERMATOGENESIS 2014; 2:264-272. [PMID: 23248767 PMCID: PMC3521748 DOI: 10.4161/spmg.22014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CD147, also named basigin (Bsg) or extracellular matrix (ECM) metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), is a highly glycosylated protein first identified as a tumor cell surface molecule. In cancer, it is well established that CD147 promotes metastasis by stimulating the production of MMPs. Recent studies have also suggested that it may be associated with tumor growth and angiogenesis. Interestingly, CD147 is expressed in germ cells of different development stages in the testis and its knockout mice are infertile, indicating an essential role of CD147 in spermatogenesis. While the detailed involvement of CD147 in spermatogenesis remains elusive, our recent findings have revealed a dual role of CD147 in germ cell development. On the one hand, it regulates the migration of spermatogonia and spermatocytes via the induction of MMP-2 production; on the other hand, it specifically regulates the survival/apoptosis of spermatocytes but not spermatogonia through a p53-independent pathway. In this review, we aim to provide an overview on the functions of CD147, comparing its roles in cancer and the testis, thereby providing new insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying the process of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen; The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University; Shenzhen, P.R. China ; Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center; School of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, Hong Kong
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25
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Zhang X, Li B, Li W, Ma L, Zheng D, Li L, Yang W, Chu M, Chen W, Mailman RB, Zhu J, Fan G, Archer TK, Wang Y. Transcriptional repression by the BRG1-SWI/SNF complex affects the pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:460-74. [PMID: 25241744 PMCID: PMC4266000 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The SWI/SNF complex plays an important role in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), but it remains to be determined whether this complex is required for the pluripotency of human ESCs (hESCs). Using RNAi, we demonstrated that depletion of BRG1, the catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complex, led to impaired self-renewing ability and dysregulated lineage specification of hESCs. A unique composition of the BRG1-SWI/SNF complex in hESCs was further defined by the presence of BRG1, BAF250A, BAF170, BAF155, BAF53A, and BAF47. Genome-wide expression analyses revealed that BRG1 participated in a broad range of biological processes in hESCs through pathways different from those in mESCs. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) demonstrated that BRG1 played a repressive role in transcriptional regulation by modulating the acetylation levels of H3K27 at the enhancers of lineage-specific genes. Our data thus provide valuable insights into molecular mechanisms by which transcriptional repression affects the self-renewal and differentiation of hESCs. We report a conserved but distinct role of SWI/SNF complex in hESC pluripotency Depletion of BAF170 in SWI/SNF complex leads to impaired pluripotency of hESCs BRG1 negatively regulates transcription of lineage-specific genes BRG1 downregulates H3K27ac levels at enhancers of lineage-specific genes
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Bing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wenguo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lijuan Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Dongyan Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Leping Li
- Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Weijing Yang
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Min Chu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Richard B Mailman
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Guoping Fan
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7088, USA
| | - Trevor K Archer
- Chromatin and Gene Expression Group, Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Yuan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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26
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Arjomand A, Baker MA, Li C, Buckle AM, Jans DA, Loveland KL, Miyamoto Y. The α-importome of mammalian germ cell maturation provides novel insights for importin biology. FASEB J 2014; 28:3480-93. [PMID: 24790034 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-244913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Importin α proteins function as adaptors to connect a cargo protein and importin β1 in the classical nuclear import pathway. Here we measure for the first time the stoichiometry of importins α2, α3, α4, and β1 in primary cells corresponding to 2 successive stages of rat spermatogenesis: meiotic spermatocytes and haploid round spermatids. Importin α2 levels were more than 2-fold higher in spermatocytes than in spermatids, while importins α4 and β1 levels did not differ significantly. We performed a comprehensive proteomics analysis to identify binding proteins in spermatocytes and spermatids using recombinant importin α2 and α4 proteins. Among the 100 candidate partners, 42 contained a strong classical nuclear localization signal (cNLS; score of>6 by cNLS Mapper), while 8 nuclear proteins lacked any cNLS. In addition, we developed a new strategy to predict which cargoes bind to importin α through the conserved C-terminal acidic domain (ARM repeats 9-10), and provided functional validation of a predicted importin α C-terminal binding segment in Senataxin and Smarca4. Evaluation of this set of candidate binding partners from spermatogenic cells using several bioinformatics approaches provides new evidence that individual importin αs may serve unique and nonredundant roles in mediating cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Arjomand
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; and
| | - Mark A Baker
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; and Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | | | - David A Jans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; and
| | - Kate L Loveland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; and
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27
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Dowdle JA, Mehta M, Kass EM, Vuong BQ, Inagaki A, Egli D, Jasin M, Keeney S. Mouse BAZ1A (ACF1) is dispensable for double-strand break repair but is essential for averting improper gene expression during spermatogenesis. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003945. [PMID: 24244200 PMCID: PMC3820798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers control DNA access for transcription, recombination, and other processes. Acf1 (also known as BAZ1A in mammals) is a defining subunit of the conserved ISWI-family chromatin remodelers ACF and CHRAC, first purified over 15 years ago from Drosophila melanogaster embryos. Much is known about biochemical properties of ACF and CHRAC, which move nucleosomes in vitro and in vivo to establish ordered chromatin arrays. Genetic studies in yeast, flies and cultured human cells clearly implicate these complexes in transcriptional repression via control of chromatin structures. RNAi experiments in transformed mammalian cells in culture also implicate ACF and CHRAC in DNA damage checkpoints and double-strand break repair. However, their essential in vivo roles in mammals are unknown. Here, we show that Baz1a-knockout mice are viable and able to repair developmentally programmed DNA double-strand breaks in the immune system and germ line, I-SceI endonuclease-induced breaks in primary fibroblasts via homologous recombination, and DNA damage from mitomycin C exposure in vivo. However, Baz1a deficiency causes male-specific sterility in accord with its high expression in male germ cells, where it displays dynamic, stage-specific patterns of chromosomal localization. Sterility is caused by pronounced defects in sperm development, most likely a consequence of massively perturbed gene expression in spermatocytes and round spermatids in the absence of BAZ1A: the normal spermiogenic transcription program is largely intact but more than 900 other genes are mis-regulated, primarily reflecting inappropriate up-regulation. We propose that large-scale changes in chromatin composition that occur during spermatogenesis create a window of vulnerability to promiscuous transcription changes, with an essential function of ACF and/or CHRAC chromatin remodeling activities being to safeguard against these alterations. The eukaryotic genome is packaged into a periodic nucleoprotein complex known as chromatin. Wrapping of DNA around nucleosomes, the basic repeat unit of chromatin, enables packing of long stretches of DNA into a compact nucleus but also impedes access by protein factors involved in essential cellular processes such as transcription, replication, recombination and repair. Chromatin remodeling factors are multi-protein complexes that utilize the energy released during ATP-hydrolysis to assemble, reposition, restructure and disassemble nucleosomes. These complexes disrupt histone-DNA contacts to ‘remodel’ the chromatin and grant access to the genome. Alternatively, access can also be denied to repress transcription, for example. Spermatogenesis, the developmental program that produces sperm, comprises a dramatic chromatin makeover and the induction of a transcriptional program that engages nearly one-third of the genome. Here we provide evidence suggesting that these large-scale alterations leave the genomic material vulnerable to spurious transcriptional changes which are normally repressed by ACF1 (BAZ1A in mammals), the defining member of the well-studied ACF/CHRAC chromatin remodeling complex. These findings indicate that Baz1a plays a previously unrealized role in male fertility and may represent a novel target for male contraceptive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Dowdle
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York, United States of America
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Monika Mehta
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. Kass
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Bao Q. Vuong
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Akiko Inagaki
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Dieter Egli
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria Jasin
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York, United States of America
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Scott Keeney
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York, United States of America
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Smith-Roe SL, Bultman SJ. Combined gene dosage requirement for SWI/SNF catalytic subunits during early mammalian development. Mamm Genome 2012; 24:21-9. [PMID: 23076393 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-012-9433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian SWI/SNF complexes utilize either BRG1 or BRM as alternative catalytic subunits with DNA-dependent ATPase activity to remodel chromatin. Although the two proteins are 75 % identical, broadly expressed, and have similar biochemical activities in vitro, BRG1 is essential for mouse embryonic development, while BRM is dispensable. To investigate whether BRG1 and BRM have overlapping functions during mouse embryogenesis, we performed double-heterozygous intercrosses using constitutive null mutations previously created by gene targeting. The progeny of these crosses had a distribution of genotypes that was significantly skewed relative to their combined gene dosage. This was most pronounced at the top and bottom of the gene dosage hierarchy, with a 1.5-fold overrepresentation of Brg1 (+/+) ;Brm (+/+) mice and a corresponding 1.6-fold underrepresentation of Brg1 (+/-) ;Brm (-/-) mice. To account for the underrepresentation of Brg1 (+/-) ;Brm (-/-) mice, timed matings and blastocyst outgrowth assays demonstrated that ~50 % of these embryos failed to develop beyond the peri-implantation stage. These results challenge the idea that BRG1 is the exclusive catalytic subunit of SWI/SNF complexes in ES cells and suggest that BRM also interacts with the pluripotency transcription factors to facilitate self-renewal of the inner cell mass. In contrast to implantation, the Brm genotype did not influence an exencephaly phenotype that arises because of Brg1 haploinsufficiency during neural tube closure and that results in peri-natal lethality. Taken together, these results support the idea that BRG1 and BRM have overlapping functions for certain developmental processes but not others during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Smith-Roe
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264, USA
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