1
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Penfield J, Zhang L. Interaction and dynamics of chemokine receptor CXCR4 binding with CXCL12 and hBD-3. Commun Chem 2024; 7:205. [PMID: 39271963 PMCID: PMC11399392 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01280-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptor CXCR4 is involved in diverse diseases. A comparative study was conducted on CXCR4 embedded in a POPC lipid bilayer binding with CXCL12 in full and truncated forms, hBD-3 in wildtype, analog, and mutant forms based on in total 63 µs all-atom MD simulations. The initial binding structures of CXCR4 with ligands were predicted using HADDOCK docking or random-seed method, then μs-long simulations were performed to refine the structures. CXCR4&ligand binding structures predicted agree with available literature data. Both kinds of ligands bind stably to the N-terminus, extracellular loop 2 (ECL2), and ECL3 regions of CXCR4; the C2-C3 (K32-R38) region and occasionally the head of hBD-3 bind stably with CXCR4. hBD-3 analogs with Cys11-Cys40 disulfide bond can activate CXCR4 based on the Helix3-Helix6 distance calculation, but not other analogs or mutant. The results provide insight into understanding the dynamics and activation mechanism of CXCR4 receptor binding with different ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Penfield
- Chemical Engineering Department, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, 38505, USA
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
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2
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Sati S, Huang J, Kersh AE, Jones P, Ahart O, Murphy C, Prouty SM, Hedberg ML, Jain V, Gregory SG, Leung DH, Seykora JT, Rosenbach M, Leung TH. Recruitment of CXCR4+ type 1 innate lymphoid cells distinguishes sarcoidosis from other skin granulomatous diseases. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e178711. [PMID: 39225100 PMCID: PMC11364400 DOI: 10.1172/jci178711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multiorgan granulomatous disease that lacks diagnostic biomarkers and targeted treatments. Using blood and skin from patients with sarcoid and non-sarcoid skin granulomas, we discovered that skin granulomas from different diseases exhibit unique immune cell recruitment and molecular signatures. Sarcoid skin granulomas were specifically enriched for type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) and B cells and exhibited molecular programs associated with formation of mature tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), including increased CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling. Lung sarcoidosis granulomas also displayed similar immune cell recruitment. Thus, granuloma formation was not a generic molecular response. In addition to tissue-specific effects, patients with sarcoidosis exhibited an 8-fold increase in circulating ILC1s, which correlated with treatment status. Multiple immune cell types induced CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling in sarcoidosis, including Th1 T cells, macrophages, and ILCs. Mechanistically, CXCR4 inhibition reduced sarcoidosis-activated immune cell migration, and targeting CXCR4 or total ILCs attenuated granuloma formation in a noninfectious mouse model. Taken together, our results show that ILC1s are a tissue and circulating biomarker that distinguishes sarcoidosis from other skin granulomatous diseases. Repurposing existing CXCR4 inhibitors may offer a new targeted treatment for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Sati
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jianhe Huang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna E. Kersh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Parker Jones
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Olivia Ahart
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christina Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen M. Prouty
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew L. Hedberg
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vaibhav Jain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Simon G. Gregory
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - John T. Seykora
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Misha Rosenbach
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas H. Leung
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Anbuhl SM, Dervillez X, Neubacher S, Schriek AI, Bobkov V, de Taeye SW, Szpakowska M, Siderius M, Grossmann TN, Chevigné A, Smit MJ, Heukers R. Multivalent CXCR4-targeting nanobody formats differently affect affinity, receptor clustering, and antagonism. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 227:116457. [PMID: 39098732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is involved in the development and migration of stem and immune cells but is also implicated in tumor progression and metastasis for a variety of cancers. Antagonizing ligand (CXCL12)-induced CXCR4 signaling is, therefore, of therapeutic interest. Currently, there are two small-molecule CXCR4 antagonists on the market for the mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells. Other molecules with improved potencies and safety profiles are being developed for different indications, including cancer. Moreover, multiple antagonistic nanobodies targeting CXCR4 displayed similar or better potencies as compared to the CXCR4-targeting molecule AMD3100 (Plerixafor), which was further enhanced through avid binding of bivalent derivatives. In this study, we aimed to compare the affinities of various multivalent nanobody formats which might be differently impacted by avidity. By fusion to a flexible GS-linker, Fc-region of human IgG1, different C4bp/CLR multimerization domains, or via site-directed conjugation to a trivalent linker scaffold, we generated different types of multivalent nanobodies with varying valencies ranging from bivalent to decavalent. Of these, C-terminal fusion, especially to human Fc, was most advantageous with a 2-log-fold and 3-log-fold increased potency in inhibiting CXCL12-mediated Gαi- or β-arrestin recruitment, respectively. Overall, we describe strategies for generating multivalent and high-potency CXCR4 antagonistic nanobodies able to induce receptor clustering and conclude that fusion to an Fc-tail results in the highest avidity effect irrespective of the hinge linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Anbuhl
- QVQ Holding BV, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xavier Dervillez
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Saskia Neubacher
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Incircular BV, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angela I Schriek
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vladimir Bobkov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Argenx, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven W de Taeye
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Marco Siderius
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom N Grossmann
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Incircular BV, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Martine J Smit
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raimond Heukers
- QVQ Holding BV, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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4
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Rodríguez-Frade JM, González-Granado LI, Santiago CA, Mellado M. The complex nature of CXCR4 mutations in WHIM syndrome. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1406532. [PMID: 39035006 PMCID: PMC11257845 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1406532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous autosomal dominant mutations in the CXCR4 gene cause WHIM syndrome, a severe combined immunodeficiency disorder. The mutations primarily affect the C-terminal region of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor, specifically several potential phosphorylation sites critical for agonist (CXCL12)-mediated receptor internalization and desensitization. Mutant receptors have a prolonged residence time on the cell surface, leading to hyperactive signaling that is responsible for some of the symptoms of WHIM syndrome. Recent studies have shown that the situation is more complex than originally thought, as mutant WHIM receptors and CXCR4 exhibit different dynamics at the cell membrane, which also influences their respective cellular functions. This review examines the functional mechanisms of CXCR4 and the impact of WHIM mutations in both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Miguel Rodríguez-Frade
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Chemokine Signaling Group, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Ignacio González-Granado
- Department of Pediatrics, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Public Health School of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - César A. Santiago
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Mellado
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Chemokine Signaling Group, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Yen JH, Chang CC, Hsu HJ, Yang CH, Mani H, Liou JW. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12-C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 signaling axis in cancer and the development of chemotherapeutic molecules. Tzu Chi Med J 2024; 36:231-239. [PMID: 38993827 PMCID: PMC11236080 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_52_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are small, secreted cytokines crucial in the regulation of a variety of cell functions. The binding of chemokine C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) (stromal cell-derived factor 1) to a G-protein-coupled receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) triggers downstream signaling pathways with effects on cell survival, proliferation, chemotaxis, migration, and gene expression. Intensive and extensive investigations have provided evidence suggesting that the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis plays a pivotal role in tumor development, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis, as well as in creating tumor microenvironment, thus implying that this axis is a potential target for the development of cancer therapies. The structures of CXCL12 and CXCR4 have been resolved with experimental methods such as X-ray crystallography, NMR, or cryo-EM. Therefore, it is possible to apply structure-based computational approaches to discover, design, and modify therapeutic molecules for cancer treatments. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the roles played by the CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling axis in cellular functions linking to cancer progression and metastasis. This review also provides an introduction to protein structures of CXCL12 and CXCR4 and the application of computer simulation and analysis in understanding CXCR4 activation and antagonist binding. Furthermore, examples of strategies and current progress in CXCL12-CXCR4 axis-targeted development of therapeutic anticancer inhibitors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Hung Yen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chun Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jen Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hemalatha Mani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Je-Wen Liou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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6
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Ma Z, Zhou F, Jin H, Wu X. Crosstalk between CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 and the STAT3 Pathway. Cells 2024; 13:1027. [PMID: 38920657 PMCID: PMC11201928 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The reciprocal modulation between the CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 axis and the STAT3 signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the progression of various diseases and neoplasms. Activation of the CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 axis triggers the STAT3 pathway through multiple mechanisms, while the STAT3 pathway also regulates the expression of CXCL12. This review offers a thorough and systematic analysis of the reciprocal regulatory mechanisms between the CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 signaling axis and the STAT3 signaling pathway in the context of diseases, particularly tumors. It explores the potential clinical applications in tumor treatment, highlighting possible therapeutic targets and novel strategies for targeted tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaoming Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming 650500, China; (Z.M.); (F.Z.); (H.J.)
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7
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Virgili AC, Salazar J, Gallardo A, López-Pousa A, Terés R, Bagué S, Orellana R, Fumagalli C, Mangues R, Alba-Castellón L, Unzueta U, Casanova I, Sebio A. CXCR4 Expression as a Prognostic Biomarker in Soft Tissue Sarcomas. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1195. [PMID: 38893721 PMCID: PMC11172351 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14111195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Poor long-term survival in localized high-risk soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) of the extremities and trunk highlights the need to identify new prognostic factors. CXCR4 is a chemokine receptor involved in tumor progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between CXCR4 expression in tumor tissue and survival in STSs patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy. CXCR4 expression was retrospectively determined by immunohistochemical analysis in serial specimens including initial biopsies, tumors post-neoadjuvant treatment, and tumors after relapse. We found that a positive cytoplasmatic expression of CXCR4 in tumors after neoadjuvant treatment was a predictor of poor recurrence-free survival (RFS) (p = 0.003) and overall survival (p = 0.019) in synovial sarcomas. We also found that positive nuclear CXCR4 expression in the initial biopsies was associated with poor RFS (p = 0.022) in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas. In conclusion, our study adds to the evidence that CXCR4 expression in tumor tissue is a promising prognostic factor for STSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Virgili
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (A.C.V.); (A.L.-P.); (R.T.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Translational Medical Oncology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juliana Salazar
- Translational Medical Oncology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Gallardo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.); (S.B.); (R.O.); (C.F.)
| | - Antonio López-Pousa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (A.C.V.); (A.L.-P.); (R.T.)
- Translational Medical Oncology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Terés
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (A.C.V.); (A.L.-P.); (R.T.)
- Translational Medical Oncology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Bagué
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.); (S.B.); (R.O.); (C.F.)
| | - Ruth Orellana
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.); (S.B.); (R.O.); (C.F.)
| | - Caterina Fumagalli
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.); (S.B.); (R.O.); (C.F.)
| | - Ramon Mangues
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (R.M.); (L.A.-C.); (U.U.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Lorena Alba-Castellón
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (R.M.); (L.A.-C.); (U.U.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Ugutz Unzueta
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (R.M.); (L.A.-C.); (U.U.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Isolda Casanova
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (R.M.); (L.A.-C.); (U.U.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Ana Sebio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (A.C.V.); (A.L.-P.); (R.T.)
- Translational Medical Oncology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Barisas DAG, Choi K. Extramedullary hematopoiesis in cancer. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:549-558. [PMID: 38443597 PMCID: PMC10985111 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis can occur outside of the bone marrow during inflammatory stress to increase the production of primarily myeloid cells at extramedullary sites; this process is known as extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH). As observed in a broad range of hematologic and nonhematologic diseases, EMH is now recognized for its important contributions to solid tumor pathology and prognosis. To initiate EMH, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are mobilized from the bone marrow into the circulation and to extramedullary sites such as the spleen and liver. At these sites, HSCs primarily produce a pathological subset of myeloid cells that contributes to tumor pathology. The EMH HSC niche, which is distinct from the bone marrow HSC niche, is beginning to be characterized. The important cytokines that likely contribute to initiating and maintaining the EMH niche are KIT ligands, CXCL12, G-CSF, IL-1 family members, LIF, TNFα, and CXCR2. Further study of the role of EMH may offer valuable insights into emergency hematopoiesis and therapeutic approaches against cancer. Exciting future directions for the study of EMH include identifying common and distinct EMH mechanisms in cancer, infectious diseases, and chronic autoimmune diseases to control these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A G Barisas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kyunghee Choi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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9
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Prokopovich AK, Litvinova IS, Zubkova AE, Yudkin DV. CXCR4 Is a Potential Target for Anti-HIV Gene Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1187. [PMID: 38256260 PMCID: PMC10816112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic is a global issue. The estimated number of people with HIV is 39,000,000 to date. Antiviral therapy is the primary approach to treat the infection. However, it does not allow for a complete elimination of the pathogen. The advances in modern gene therapy methods open up new possibilities of effective therapy. One of these areas of possibility is the development of technologies to prevent virus penetration into the cell. Currently, a number of technologies aimed at either the prevention of virus binding to the CCR5 coreceptor or its knockout are undergoing various stages of clinical trials. Since HIV can also utilize the CXCR4 coreceptor, technologies to modify this receptor are also required. Standard knockout of CXCR4 is impossible due to its physiological significance. This review presents an analysis of interactions between individual amino acids in CXCR4 and physiological ligands and HIV gp120. It also discusses potential targets for gene therapy approaches aimed at modifying the coreceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Appolinaria K. Prokopovich
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (FBRI SRC VB “Vector”, Rospotrebnadzor), 630559 Koltsovo, Russia; (A.K.P.); (I.S.L.); (A.E.Z.)
| | - Irina S. Litvinova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (FBRI SRC VB “Vector”, Rospotrebnadzor), 630559 Koltsovo, Russia; (A.K.P.); (I.S.L.); (A.E.Z.)
| | - Alexandra E. Zubkova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (FBRI SRC VB “Vector”, Rospotrebnadzor), 630559 Koltsovo, Russia; (A.K.P.); (I.S.L.); (A.E.Z.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Yudkin
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (FBRI SRC VB “Vector”, Rospotrebnadzor), 630559 Koltsovo, Russia; (A.K.P.); (I.S.L.); (A.E.Z.)
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10
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Zhao J, Lin E, Bai Z, Jia Y, Wang B, Dai Y, Zhuo W, Zeng G, Liu X, Cai C, Li P, Zou B, Li J. Cancer-associated fibroblasts induce sorafenib resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through CXCL12/FOLR1. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1198. [PMID: 38057830 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11613-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the high drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), sorafenib has limited efficacy in the treatment of advanced HCC. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important regulatory role in the induction of chemoresistance. This study aimed to clarify the mechanism underlying CAF-mediated resistance to sorafenib in HCC. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence showed that the activation of CAFs was enhanced in HCC tissues. CAFs and paracancerous normal fibroblasts (NFs) were isolated from the cancer and paracancerous tissues of HCC, respectively. Cell cloning assays, ELISAs, and flow cytometry were used to detect whether CAFs induced sorafenib resistance in HCC cells via CXCL12. Western blotting and qPCR showed that CXCL12 induces sorafenib resistance in HCC cells by upregulating FOLR1. We investigated whether FOLR1 was the target molecule of CAFs regulating sorafenib resistance in HCC cells by querying gene expression data for human HCC specimens from the GEO database. RESULTS High levels of activated CAFs were present in HCC tissues but not in paracancerous tissues. CAFs decreased the sensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib. We found that CAFs secrete CXCL12, which upregulates FOLR1 in HCC cells to induce sorafenib resistance. CONCLUSIONS CAFs induce sorafenib resistance in HCC cells through CXCL12/FOLR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
| | - En Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zirui Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingbin Jia
- Department of Urology Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yihua Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Guifang Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xialei Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaonong Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiping Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Baojia Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
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11
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Chang HY, Huynh M, Roopra A, Callander NS, Miyamoto S. HAPLN1 matrikine: a bone marrow homing factor linked to poor outcomes in patients with MM. Blood Adv 2023; 7:6859-6872. [PMID: 37647592 PMCID: PMC10685165 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment is critical for dissemination, growth, and survival of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Homing of myeloma cells to the BM niche is a crucial step in MM dissemination, but the mechanisms involved are incompletely understood. In particular, any role of matrikines, neofunctional peptides derived from extracellular matrix proteins, remains unknown. Here, we report that a matrikine derived from hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1) induces MM cell adhesion to the BM stromal components, such as fibronectin, endothelial cells, and stromal cells and, furthermore, induces their chemotactic and chemokinetic migration. In a mouse xenograft model, we show that MM cells preferentially home to HAPLN1 matrikine-conditioned BM. The transcription factor STAT1 is activated by HAPLN1 matrikine and is necessary to induce MM cell adhesion, migration, migration-related genes, and BM homing. STAT1 activation is mediated by interferon beta (IFN-β), which is induced by NF-κB after stimulation by HAPLN1 matrikine. Finally, we also provide evidence that higher levels of HAPLN1 in BM samples correlate with poorer progression-free survival of patients with newly diagnosed MM. These data reveal that a matrikine present in the BM microenvironment acts as a chemoattractant, plays an important role in BM homing of MM cells via NF-κB-IFN-β-STAT1 signaling, and may help identify patients with poor outcomes. This study also provides a mechanistic rationale for targeting HAPLN1 matrikine in MM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Yeun Chang
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Mailee Huynh
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Avtar Roopra
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Natalie S. Callander
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Shigeki Miyamoto
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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12
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Pandey R, Bakay M, Hakonarson H. SOCS-JAK-STAT inhibitors and SOCS mimetics as treatment options for autoimmune uveitis, psoriasis, lupus, and autoimmune encephalitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1271102. [PMID: 38022642 PMCID: PMC10643230 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1271102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases arise from atypical immune responses that attack self-tissue epitopes, and their development is intricately connected to the disruption of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, where SOCS proteins play crucial roles. Conditions such as autoimmune uveitis, psoriasis, lupus, and autoimmune encephalitis exhibit immune system dysfunctions associated with JAK-STAT signaling dysregulation. Emerging therapeutic strategies utilize JAK-STAT inhibitors and SOCS mimetics to modulate immune responses and alleviate autoimmune manifestations. Although more research and clinical studies are required to assess their effectiveness, safety profiles, and potential for personalized therapeutic approaches in autoimmune conditions, JAK-STAT inhibitors and SOCS mimetics show promise as potential treatment options. This review explores the action, effectiveness, safety profiles, and future prospects of JAK inhibitors and SOCS mimetics as therapeutic agents for psoriasis, autoimmune uveitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and autoimmune encephalitis. The findings underscore the importance of investigating these targeted therapies to advance treatment options for individuals suffering from autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Pandey
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Marina Bakay
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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13
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Ferreira PA. Nucleocytoplasmic transport at the crossroads of proteostasis, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2567-2589. [PMID: 37597509 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Nucleocytoplasmic transport comprises the multistep assembly, transport, and disassembly of protein and RNA cargoes entering and exiting nuclear pores. Accruing evidence supports that impairments to nucleocytoplasmic transport are a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. These impairments cause dysregulations in nucleocytoplasmic partitioning and proteostasis of nuclear transport receptors and client substrates that promote intracellular deposits - another hallmark of neurodegeneration. Disturbances in liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) between dense and dilute phases of biomolecules implicated in nucleocytoplasmic transport promote micrometer-scale coacervates, leading to proteinaceous aggregates. This Review provides historical and emerging principles of LLPS at the interface of nucleocytoplasmic transport, proteostasis, aging and noxious insults, whose dysregulations promote intracellular aggregates. E3 SUMO-protein ligase Ranbp2 constitutes the cytoplasmic filaments of nuclear pores, where it acts as a molecular hub for rate-limiting steps of nucleocytoplasmic transport. A vignette is provided on the roles of Ranbp2 in nucleocytoplasmic transport and at the intersection of proteostasis in the survival of photoreceptor and motor neurons under homeostatic and pathophysiological environments. Current unmet clinical needs are highlighted, including therapeutics aiming to manipulate aggregation-dissolution models of purported neurotoxicity in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A Ferreira
- Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, NC, Durham, USA
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14
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Gill KS, Mehta K, Heredia JD, Krishnamurthy VV, Zhang K, Procko E. Multiple mechanisms of self-association of chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 demonstrated by deep mutagenesis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105229. [PMID: 37690681 PMCID: PMC10551899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are members of the rhodopsin-like class A GPCRs whose signaling through G proteins drives the directional movement of cells in response to a chemokine gradient. Chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 have been extensively studied due to their roles in leukocyte development and inflammation and their status as coreceptors for HIV-1 infection, among other roles. Both receptors form dimers or oligomers of unclear function. While CXCR4 has been crystallized in a dimeric arrangement, available atomic resolution structures of CCR5 are monomeric. To investigate their dimerization interfaces, we used a bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC)-based screen and deep mutational scanning to find mutations that change how the receptors self-associate, either via specific oligomer assembly or alternative mechanisms of clustering in close proximity. Many disruptive mutations promoted self-associations nonspecifically, suggesting they aggregated in the membrane. A mutationally intolerant region was found on CXCR4 that matched the crystallographic dimer interface, supporting this dimeric arrangement in living cells. A mutationally intolerant region was also observed on the surface of CCR5 by transmembrane helices 3 and 4. Mutations predicted from the scan to reduce BiFC were validated and were localized in the transmembrane domains as well as the C-terminal cytoplasmic tails where they reduced lipid microdomain localization. A mutation in the dimer interface of CXCR4 had increased binding to the ligand CXCL12 and yet diminished calcium signaling. There was no change in syncytia formation with cells expressing HIV-1 Env. The data highlight that multiple mechanisms are involved in self-association of chemokine receptor chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Gill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kritika Mehta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeremiah D Heredia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Erik Procko
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA; Cyrus Biotechnology, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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15
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Ge Z, Zhang Q, Lin W, Jiang X, Zhang Y. The role of angiogenic growth factors in the immune microenvironment of glioma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1254694. [PMID: 37790751 PMCID: PMC10542410 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1254694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenic growth factors (AGFs) are a class of secreted cytokines related to angiogenesis that mainly include vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and angiopoietins (ANGs). Accumulating evidence indicates that the role of AGFs is not only limited to tumor angiogenesis but also participating in tumor progression by other mechanisms that go beyond their angiogenic role. AGFs were shown to be upregulated in the glioma microenvironment characterized by extensive angiogenesis and high immunosuppression. AGFs produced by tumor and stromal cells can exert an immunomodulatory role in the glioma microenvironment by interacting with immune cells. This review aims to sum up the interactions among AGFs, immune cells and cancer cells with a particular emphasis on glioma and tries to provide new perspectives for understanding the glioma immune microenvironment and in-depth explorations for anti-glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaofan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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16
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Bergkamp ND, van Senten JR, Brink HJ, Bebelman MP, van den Bor J, Çobanoğlu TS, Dinkla K, Köster J, Klau G, Siderius M, Smit MJ. A virally encoded GPCR drives glioblastoma through feed-forward activation of the SK1-S1P 1 signaling axis. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eade6737. [PMID: 37582160 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.ade6737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) US28 encoded by the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is associated with accelerated progression of glioblastomas, aggressive brain tumors with a generally poor prognosis. Here, we showed that US28 increased the malignancy of U251 glioblastoma cells by enhancing signaling mediated by sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid that stimulates oncogenic pathways in glioblastoma. US28 expression increased the abundance of the key components of the S1P signaling axis, including an enzyme that generates S1P [sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1)], an S1P receptor [S1P receptor 1 (S1P1)], and S1P itself. Enhanced S1P signaling promoted glioblastoma cell proliferation and survival by activating the kinases AKT and CHK1 and the transcriptional regulators cMYC and STAT3 and by increasing the abundance of cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A), driving several feed-forward signaling loops. Inhibition of S1P signaling abrogated the proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects of US28. US28 also activated the S1P signaling axis in HCMV-infected cells. This study uncovers central roles for S1P and CIP2A in feed-forward signaling that contributes to the US28-mediated exacerbation of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick D Bergkamp
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey R van Senten
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hendrik J Brink
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maarten P Bebelman
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jelle van den Bor
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tuğçe S Çobanoğlu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Johannes Köster
- Algorithms for Reproducible Bioinformatics, Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gunnar Klau
- Algorithmic Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marco Siderius
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martine J Smit
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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17
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Bao S, Darvishi M, H Amin A, Al-Haideri MT, Patra I, Kashikova K, Ahmad I, Alsaikhan F, Al-Qaim ZH, Al-Gazally ME, Kiasari BA, Tavakoli-Far B, Sidikov AA, Mustafa YF, Akhavan-Sigari R. CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) blockade in cancer treatment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:7945-7968. [PMID: 36905421 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04444-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) superfamily and is specific for CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12, also known as SDF-1), which makes CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. CXCR4 interacts with its ligand, triggering downstream signaling pathways that influence cell proliferation chemotaxis, migration, and gene expression. The interaction also regulates physiological processes, including hematopoiesis, organogenesis, and tissue repair. Multiple evidence revealed that CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is implicated in several pathways involved in carcinogenesis and plays a key role in tumor growth, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Several CXCR4-targeting compounds have been discovered and used for preclinical and clinical cancer therapy, most of which have shown promising anti-tumor activity. In this review, we summarized the physiological signaling of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis and described the role of this axis in tumor progression, and focused on the potential therapeutic options and strategies to block CXCR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunshun Bao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, 221000, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mohammad Darvishi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center (IDTMRC), Department of Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine, AJA University of Medicinal Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali H Amin
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maysoon T Al-Haideri
- Department of Physiotherapy, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Indrajit Patra
- An Independent Researcher, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Bahman Abedi Kiasari
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahareh Tavakoli-Far
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Akmal A Sidikov
- Rector, Ferghana Medical Institute of Public Health, Ferghana, Uzbekistan
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University, Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Valle-Mendiola A, Gutiérrez-Hoya A, Soto-Cruz I. JAK/STAT Signaling and Cervical Cancer: From the Cell Surface to the Nucleus. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1141. [PMID: 37372319 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway constitutes a rapid signaling module from the cell surface to the nucleus, and activates different cellular responses, such as proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and inflammation. When the JAK/STAT pathway is altered, it contributes to cancer progression and metastasis. STAT proteins play a central role in developing cervical cancer, and inhibiting the JAK/STAT signaling may be necessary to induce tumor cell death. Several cancers show continuous activation of different STATs, including cervical cancer. The constitutive activation of STAT proteins is associated with a poor prognosis and overall survival. The human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoproteins E6 and E7 play an essential role in cervical cancer progression, and they activate the JAK/STAT pathway and other signals that induce proliferation, survival, and migration of cancer cells. Moreover, there is a crosstalk between the JAK/STAT signaling cascade with other signaling pathways, where a plethora of different proteins activate to induce gene transcription and cell responses that contribute to tumor growth. Therefore, inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway shows promise as a new target in cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the role of the JAK/STAT pathway components and the role of the HPV oncoproteins associated with cellular malignancy through the JAK/STAT proteins and other signaling pathways to induce tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Valle-Mendiola
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cell Differentiation and Cancer Research Unit, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Batalla 5 de Mayo s/n, Colonia Ejército de Oriente, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
| | - Adriana Gutiérrez-Hoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cell Differentiation and Cancer Research Unit, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Batalla 5 de Mayo s/n, Colonia Ejército de Oriente, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
- Cátedra CONACYT, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
| | - Isabel Soto-Cruz
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cell Differentiation and Cancer Research Unit, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Batalla 5 de Mayo s/n, Colonia Ejército de Oriente, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
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19
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Gill KS, Mehta K, Heredia JD, Krishnamurthy VV, Zhang K, Procko E. Multiple mechanisms of self-association of chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 demonstrated by deep mutagenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.25.534231. [PMID: 36993221 PMCID: PMC10055436 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.25.534231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are members of the rhodopsin-like class A GPCRs whose signaling through G proteins drives the directional movement of cells in response to a chemokine gradient. Chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 have been extensively studied due to their roles in white blood cell development and inflammation and their status as coreceptors for HIV-1 infection, among other functions. Both receptors form dimers or oligomers but the function/s of self-associations are unclear. While CXCR4 has been crystallized in a dimeric arrangement, available atomic resolution structures of CCR5 are monomeric. To investigate the dimerization interfaces of these chemokine receptors, we used a bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC)-based screen and deep mutational scanning to find mutations that modify receptor self-association. Many disruptive mutations promoted self-associations nonspecifically, suggesting they aggregated in the membrane. A mutationally intolerant region was found on CXCR4 that matched the crystallographic dimer interface, supporting this dimeric arrangement in living cells. A mutationally intolerant region was also observed on the surface of CCR5 by transmembrane helices 3 and 4. Mutations from the deep mutational scan that reduce BiFC were validated and were localized in the transmembrane domains as well as the C-terminal cytoplasmic tails where they reduced lipid microdomain localization. The reduced self-association mutants of CXCR4 had increased binding to the ligand CXCL12 but diminished calcium signaling. There was no change in syncytia formation with cells expressing HIV-1 Env. The data highlight that multiple mechanisms are involved in self-association of chemokine receptor chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Gill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kritika Mehta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jeremiah D Heredia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Current affiliation: Codexis, Redwood City, CA 94063
| | | | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Erik Procko
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cyrus Biotechnology, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
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20
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Hewavisenti RV, Arena J, Ahlenstiel CL, Sasson SC. Human papillomavirus in the setting of immunodeficiency: Pathogenesis and the emergence of next-generation therapies to reduce the high associated cancer risk. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1112513. [PMID: 36960048 PMCID: PMC10027931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1112513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted virus infecting mucosal or cutaneous stratified epithelia, is implicated in the rising of associated cancers worldwide. While HPV infection can be cleared by an adequate immune response, immunocompromised individuals can develop persistent, treatment-refractory, and progressive disease. Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) associated with HPV-related disease include inborn errors of GATA, EVER1/2, and CXCR4 mutations, resulting in defective cellular function. People living with secondary immunodeficiency (e.g. solid-organ transplants recipients of immunosuppression) and acquired immunodeficiency (e.g. concurrent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection) are also at significant risk of HPV-related disease. Immunocompromised people are highly susceptible to the development of cutaneous and mucosal warts, and cervical, anogenital and oropharyngeal carcinomas. The specific mechanisms underlying high-risk HPV-driven cancer development in immunocompromised hosts are not well understood. Current treatments for HPV-related cancers include surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, with clinical trials underway to investigate the use of anti-PD-1 therapy. In the setting of HIV co-infection, persistent high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia can occur despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy, resulting in an ongoing risk for transformation to overt malignancy. Although therapeutic vaccines against HPV are under development, the efficacy of these in the setting of PID, secondary- or acquired- immunodeficiencies remains unclear. RNA-based therapeutic targeting of the HPV genome or mRNA transcript has become a promising next-generation therapeutic avenue. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of HPV pathogenesis, immune evasion, and malignant transformation, with a focus on key PIDs, secondary immunodeficiencies, and HIV infection. Current management and vaccine regimes are outlined in relation to HPV-driven cancer, and specifically, the need for more effective therapeutic strategies for immunocompromised hosts. The recent advances in RNA-based gene targeting including CRISPR and short interfering RNA (siRNA), and the potential application to HPV infection are of great interest. An increased understanding of both the dysregulated immune responses in immunocompromised hosts and of viral persistence is essential for the design of next-generation therapies to eliminate HPV persistence and cancer development in the most at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana V. Hewavisenti
- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua Arena
- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW RNA Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chantelle L. Ahlenstiel
- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW RNA Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah C. Sasson
- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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21
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Khan AB, Lee S, Harmanci AS, Patel R, Latha K, Yang Y, Marisetty A, Lee HK, Heimberger AB, Fuller GN, Deneen B, Rao G. CXCR4 expression is associated with proneural-to-mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:713-724. [PMID: 36250346 PMCID: PMC10071545 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary intracranial malignant tumor and consists of three molecular subtypes: proneural (PN), mesenchymal (MES) and classical (CL). Transition between PN to MES subtypes (PMT) is the glioma analog of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in carcinomas and is associated with resistance to therapy. CXCR4 signaling increases the expression of MES genes in glioma cell lines and promotes EMT in other cancers. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data of PN GBMs in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and secondary high-grade gliomas (HGGs) from an internal cohort were examined for correlation between CXCR4 expression and survival as well as expression of MES markers. Publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data was analyzed for cell type specific CXCR4 expression. These results were validated in a genetic mouse model of PN GBM. Higher CXCR4 expression was associated with significantly reduced survival and increased expression of MES markers in TCGA and internal cohorts. CXCR4 was expressed in immune and tumor cells based on scRNAseq analysis. Higher CXCR4 expression within tumor cells on scRNAseq was associated with increased MES phenotype, suggesting a cell-autonomous effect. In a genetically engineered mouse model, tumors induced with CXCR4 exhibited a mesenchymal phenotype and shortened survival. These results suggest that CXCR4 signaling promotes PMT and shortens survival in GBM and highlights its inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Basit Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sungho Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Rajan Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Khatri Latha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Yuhui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Hyun-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Benjamin Deneen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ganesh Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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22
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Park C, Lee JW, Kim K, Seen DS, Jeong JY, Huh WK. Simultaneous activation of CXC chemokine receptor 4 and histamine receptor H1 enhances calcium signaling and cancer cell migration. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1894. [PMID: 36732336 PMCID: PMC9895059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is widely overexpressed in various types of cancer and is involved in several cancer phenotypes including tumor growth, survival, and metastasis. The roles of histamine and histamine receptor H1 (HRH1) in cancer pathogenesis remain controversial. Here, we show that HRH1 is widely expressed in various cancer cell lines and cancer tissues and that coexpression of CXCR4 and HRH1 is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Using bimolecular fluorescence complementation and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer donor saturation assays, we demonstrate that CXCR4 and HRH1 can assemble into a heteromeric complex. Simultaneous activation of CXCR4 and HRH1 synergistically increases calcium flux in MDA-MB-231 cells that endogenously express CXCR4 and HRH1 but not in cells deficient in CXCR4 or HRH1. Costimulation of CXCR4 and HRH1 also significantly enhances CXCL12-induced MDA-MB-231 cell migration, while histamine alone does not induce cell migration. Synergistic effects on calcium flux and cell migration are inhibited by the Gαi inhibitor pertussis toxin and the Gαq inhibitor YM254890, suggesting that the Gαi and Gαq pathways are involved in the synergy. Enhanced calcium signaling and cell migration are also observed in NCI-H23 and HeLa cells, which coexpress CXCR4 and HRH1. Taken together, our findings demonstrate an interplay between CXCR4 and HRH1, and suggest the possibility of the CXCR4-HRH1 heteromer as a potential therapeutic target for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulo Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08790, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiheon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seung Seen
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08790, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Jeong
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08790, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Ki Huh
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08790, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Cui Y, Wu H, Liu Z, Ma T, Liang W, Zeng Q, Chen D, Qin Q, Huang B, Wang MH, Huang X, He Y, Kuang Y, Sugimoto S, Sato T, Wang L. CXCL16 inhibits epithelial regeneration and promotes fibrosis during the progression of radiation enteritis. J Pathol 2023; 259:180-193. [PMID: 36373877 DOI: 10.1002/path.6031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Radiation enteritis (RE) is a prevalent complication of radiotherapy for pelvic malignant tumors, characterized by severe intestinal epithelial destruction and progressive submucosal fibrosis. However, little is known about the pathogenesis of this disease, and so far, there is no specific targeted therapy. Here, we report that CXCL16 is upregulated in the injured intestinal tissues of RE patients and in a mouse model. Genetic deletion of Cxcl16 mitigates fibrosis and promotes intestinal stem cell-mediated epithelial regeneration after radiation injury in mice. Mechanistically, CXCL16 functions on myofibroblasts through its receptor CXCR6 and activates JAK3/STAT3 signaling to promote fibrosis and, at the same time, to transcriptionally modulate the levels of BMP4 and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in myofibroblasts. Moreover, we find that CXCL16 and CXCR6 auto- and cross-regulate themselves in positive feedback loops. Treatment with CXCL16 neutralizing monoclonal antibody attenuates fibrosis and improves the epithelial repair in RE mouse model. Our findings emphasize the important role of CXCL16 in the progression of RE and suggest that CXCL16 signaling could be a potential therapeutic target for RE. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Haiyong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhihang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Tenghui Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenfeng Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qingzhi Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Daici Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qiyuan Qin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Binjie Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Michael Hu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yanjiong He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yingyi Kuang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shinya Sugimoto
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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24
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Li S, Co CM, Izuagbe S, Hong Y, Liao J, Borrelli J, Tang L. Biomolecules-releasing click chemistry-based bioadhesives for repairing acetabular labrum tears. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:2646-2655. [PMID: 35112388 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there are no effective clinical or experimental treatments to fully restore the function of the torn acetabular labrum. To fill the gap, here, we report the finding of progenitor cells in labral tissue, which can be recruited and stimulated to repair torn acetabular labral tissue. This study aimed to develop a biomolecule releasing bioadhesive which can speed up labral tissue healing by eliciting autologous labral progenitor cellular responses. A click chemistry-based bioadhesive, capable of releasing biomolecules, was synthesized to exert ~3× adhesion strength compared with fibrin glue. Via the release of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), the adhesive was shown to actively recruit and stimulate the proliferation of labral progenitor cells to the tear sites and within the adhesive. Finally, the ability of this biomolecules-releasing adhesive designed to promote labral tissue regeneration was evaluated using discarded human acetabular labrum tissue compared with surgical suture ex vivo. Histological analysis shows that PDGF-releasing bioadhesive yielded significantly more labrum cell responses and extracellular matrix protein (proteoglycan and collagen) production at the tear tissue site than surgical suture controls. The results confirm that the new PDGF-releasing bioadhesive can activate the responses of autologous labral progenitor cells to significantly improve labral tissue regeneration. Clinical significance: These PDGF-releasing bioadhesives may serve as a new and effective tool for repairing and regenerating acetabular labrum tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Li
- Department of Research & Development, Progenitec Inc., Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Cynthia M Co
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Samira Izuagbe
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Jun Liao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph Borrelli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Liping Tang
- Department of Research & Development, Progenitec Inc., Arlington, Texas, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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25
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Targeting CXCR4 and CD47 Receptors: An Overview of New and Old Molecules for a Biological Personalized Anticancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012499. [PMID: 36293358 PMCID: PMC9604048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological therapy, with its multifaceted applications, has revolutionized the treatment of tumors, mainly due to its ability to exclusively target cancer cells and reduce the adverse effects on normal tissues. This review focuses on the therapies targeting the CXCR4 and CD47 receptors. We surveyed the results of early clinical trials testing compounds classified as nonpeptides, small peptides, CXCR4 antagonists or specific antibodies whose activity reduces or completely blocks the intracellular signaling pathways and cell proliferation. We then examined antibodies and fusion proteins against CD47, the receptor that acts as a “do not eat me” signal to phagocytes escaping immune surveillance. Despite these molecules being tested in early clinical trials, some drawbacks are emerging that impair their use in practice. Finally, we examined the ImmunoGenic Surrender mechanism that involves crosstalk and co-internalization of CXCR4 and CD47 upon engagement of CXCR4 by ligands or other molecules. The favorable effect of such compounds is dual as CD47 surface reduction impact on the immune response adds to the block of CXCR4 proliferative potential. These results suggest that a combination of different therapeutic approaches has more beneficial effects on patients’ survival and may pave the way for new accomplishments in personalized anticancer therapy.
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26
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Jung YY, Um JY, Sethi G, Ahn KS. Potential Application of Leelamine as a Novel Regulator of Chemokine-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179848. [PMID: 36077241 PMCID: PMC9456465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR7 and CXCR4 are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that can be stimulated by CXCL12 in various human cancers. CXCR7/4–CXCL12 binding can initiate activation of multiple pathways including JAK/STAT and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) signaling, and initiate epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. It is established that cancer cell invasion and migration are caused because of these events. In particular, the EMT process is an important process that can determine the prognosis for cancer. Since the antitumor effect of leelamine (LEE) has been reported in various previous studies, here, we have evaluated the influence of LEE on the CXCR7/4 signaling axis and EMT processes. We first found that LEE suppressed expression of CXCR7 and CXCR4 both at the protein and mRNA levels, and showed inhibitory effects on these chemokines even after stimulation by CXCL12 ligand. In addition, LEE also reduced the level of MnSOD and inhibited the EMT process to attenuate the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells. In addition, phosphorylation of the JAK/STAT pathway, which acts down-stream of these chemokines, was also abrogated by LEE. It was also confirmed that LEE can induce an imbalance of GSH/GSSG and increases ROS, thereby resulting in antitumor activity. Thus, we establish that targeting CXCR7/4 in breast cancer cells can not only inhibit the invasion and migration of cancer cells but also can affect JAK/STAT, EMT process, and production of ROS. Overall, the findings suggest that LEE can function as a novel agent affecting the breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Yun Jung
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (K.S.A.); Tel.: +65-6516-3267 (G.S.); +82-2-961-2316 (K.S.A.)
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (K.S.A.); Tel.: +65-6516-3267 (G.S.); +82-2-961-2316 (K.S.A.)
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27
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Fu Q, Hu J, Zhang P, Li Y, Zhao S, Cao M, Yang N, Li C. CC and CXC chemokines in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.): Identification, evolutionary analyses, and expression profiling after Aeromonas salmonicida infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:82-98. [PMID: 35690275 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are a superfamily of structurally related cytokines, which exert essential roles in guiding cell migration in development, homeostasis, and immunity. CC and CXC chemokines are the two major subfamilies in teleost species. In this study, a total of seventeen CC and CXC chemokines, with inclusion of twelve CC and five CXC chemokines, were systematically identified from the turbot genome, making turbot the teleost harboring the least number of CC and CXC chemokines among all teleost species ever reported. Phylogeny, synteny, and genomic organization analyses were performed to annotate these genes, and multiple chemokine genes were identified in the turbot genome, due to the tandem duplications (CCL19 and CCL20), the whole genome duplications (CCL20, CCL25, and CXCL12), and the teleost-specific members (CCL34-36, CCL44, and CXCL18). In addition, chemokines were ubiquitously expressed in nine examined healthy tissues, with high expression levels observed in liver, gill, and spleen. Moreover, most chemokines were significantly differentially expressed in gill and spleen after Aeromonas salmonicida infection, and exhibited tissue-specific and time-dependent manner. Finally, protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analysis indicated that turbot chemokines interacted with a few immune-related genes such as interleukins, cathepsins, stats, and TLRs. These results should be valuable for comparative immunological studies and provide insights for further functional characterization of chemokines in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jie Hu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shoucong Zhao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Min Cao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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28
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Chen Y, Zhang B, Liu T, Chen X, Wang Y, Zhang H. T Cells With Activated STAT4 Drive the High-Risk Rejection State to Renal Allograft Failure After Kidney Transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:895762. [PMID: 35844542 PMCID: PMC9283858 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.895762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In kidney transplantation, deteriorated progression of rejection is considered to be a leading course of postoperative mortality. However, the conventional histologic diagnosis is limited in reading the rejection status at the molecular level, thereby triggering mismatched pathogenesis with clinical phenotypes. Here, by applying uniform manifold approximation and projection and Leiden algorithms to 2,611 publicly available microarray datasets of renal transplantation, we uncovered six rejection states with corresponding signature genes and revealed a high-risk (HR) state that was essential in promoting allograft loss. By identifying cell populations from single-cell RNA sequencing data that were associated with the six rejection states, we identified a T-cell population to be the pathogenesis-triggering cells associated with the HR rejection state. Additionally, by constructing gene regulatory networks, we identified that activated STAT4, as a core transcription factor that was regulated by PTPN6 in T cells, was closely linked to poor allograft function and prognosis. Taken together, our study provides a novel strategy to help with the precise diagnosis of kidney allograft rejection progression, which is powerful in investigating the underlying molecular pathogenesis, and therefore, for further clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- The Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- The Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianliang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- The Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- The Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaning Wang
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- The Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yaning Wang, ; Hongbo Zhang,
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- The Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yaning Wang, ; Hongbo Zhang,
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29
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Maintenance of Epstein-Barr virus latency through interaction of LMP2A with CXCR4. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1947-1959. [PMID: 35752684 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05511-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) belongs to the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae and was the first human tumor virus to be discovered. The global rate of EBV infection in adults exceeds 90%. EBV can participate in the regulation of multiple genes and signal pathways through its latency genes. Many studies have shown that CXCR4 is involved in the development of gastric cancer, but there have been few studies on the specific mechanisms involved in EBV-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC). In this study, we explored the mechanism by which EBV-encoded products maintain latent EBV infection through interaction with CXCR4 and investigated the role of CXCR4 in EBV-positive cells. The results show that there is a positive feedback between the EBV-encoded products and CXCR4, and LMP2A can activate CXCR4 through the NF-κB pathway. In addition, CXCR4 can be fed back to LMP2A and EBNA1 through the ERK signaling pathway. At the same time, CXCR4 can promote the proliferation and migration of EBV-positive cells, reduce the expression of the immediate early protein BZLF1, the late protein EBV gp350, and the viral capsid antigen, and play an important role in maintaining the incubation period of EBV infection. These findings are applicable to the further targeted therapy of EBVaGC.
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30
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Guo Q, Huang L, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Bi Y, Chen G, Bai H, Chang G. Genome-Wide Association Study of Feed Efficiency Related Traits in Ducks. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121532. [PMID: 35739869 PMCID: PMC9219419 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Good feed efficiency (FE) is an important trait to ensure the economic output of the livestock and poultry industries. Herein, a genome-wide association study was conducted to identify potential variants and genes associated with seven FE measures in ducks. Genomic DNA samples of 308 ducks were collected and sequenced. All animals were evaluated concerning body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), residual feed intake (RFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and weight at 21 (BW21) and 42 days of age (BW42). Overall, 4 (FCR), 3 (FI), 36 (RFI), 6 (BWG), 8 (BW21), and 10 (BW42) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were significantly associated with these FE traits, respectively. Moreover, candidate genes close to the identified variants were found to be mainly involved in key pathways and terms related to metabolism. In summary, these findings improve our understanding of poultry genetics and provide new foundations for breeding programs aimed at maximizing the economic potential of duck breeding and farming. Abstract Feed efficiency (FE) is the most important economic trait in the poultry and livestock industry. Thus, genetic improvement of FE may result in a considerable reduction of the cost and energy burdens. As genome-wide association studies (GWASs) can help identify candidate variants influencing FE, the present study aimed to analyze the phenotypic correlation and identify candidate variants of the seven FE traits in ducks. All traits were found to have significant positive correlations with varying degrees. In particular, residual feed intake presented correlation coefficients of 0.61, 0.54, and 0.13 with feed conversion ratio, and feed intake, respectively. Furthermore, data from seven FE-related GWAS revealed 4 (FCR), 3 (FI), 36 (RFI), 6 (BWG), 8 (BW21), and 10 (BW42) SNPs were significantly associated with body weight gain, feed intake, residual feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and weight at 21 and 42 days, respectively. Candidate SNPs of seven FE trait-related genes were involved in galactose metabolism, starch, propanoate metabolism, sucrose metabolism and etc. Taken together, these findings provide insight into the genetic mechanisms and genes involved in FE-related traits in ducks. However, further investigations are warranted to further validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.G.); (L.H.); (Y.J.); (Z.W.); (Y.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Lan Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.G.); (L.H.); (Y.J.); (Z.W.); (Y.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Yong Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.G.); (L.H.); (Y.J.); (Z.W.); (Y.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Zhixiu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.G.); (L.H.); (Y.J.); (Z.W.); (Y.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Yulin Bi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.G.); (L.H.); (Y.J.); (Z.W.); (Y.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Guohong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.G.); (L.H.); (Y.J.); (Z.W.); (Y.B.); (G.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hao Bai
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (H.B.); (G.C.); Tel.:+86-187-9660-8824 (H.B.); + 86-178-5197-5060 (G.C.)
| | - Guobin Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.G.); (L.H.); (Y.J.); (Z.W.); (Y.B.); (G.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (H.B.); (G.C.); Tel.:+86-187-9660-8824 (H.B.); + 86-178-5197-5060 (G.C.)
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31
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Bousoik E, Mahdipoor P, Alhazza A, Aliabadi HM. Combinational Silencing of Components Involved in JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 175:106233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Hu Q, Dong X, Zhang K, Song H, Li C, Zhang T, Feng J, Ke X, Li H, Chen Y, Nie R, Chen X, Liu Y. Fluid Shear Stress Ameliorates Prehypertension-Associated Decline in Endothelium-Reparative Potential of Early Endothelial Progenitor Cells. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 15:1049-1063. [PMID: 35391709 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of prehypertension and shear stress on the reendothelialization potential of human early EPCs and explored its potential mechanisms. Early EPCs from the prehypertensive patients showed reduced migration and adhesion in vitro and demonstrated a significantly impaired in vivo reendothelialization capacity. Shear stress pretreatment markedly promoted the in vivo reendothelialization capacity of EPCs. Although basal CXCR4 expression in early EPCs from prehypertensive donors was similar to that from healthy control, SDF-1-induced phosphorylation of CXCR4 was lower in prehypertensive EPCs. Shear stress up-regulated CXCR4 expression and increased CXCR4 phosphorylation, and restored the SDF-1/CXCR4-dependent JAK-2 phosphorylation in prehypertensive EPCs. CXCR4 knockdown or JAK-2 inhibitor treatment prevents against shear stress-induced increase in the migration, adhesion and reendothelialization capacity of the prehypertensive EPCs. Collectively, CXCR4 receptor profoundly modulates the reendothelialization potential of early EPCs. The abnormal CXCR4-mediated JAK-2 signaling may contribute to impaired functions of EPCs from patients with prehypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Hu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, NO.603, Huangpu Big Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, 510630, China
| | - Xiaobian Dong
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, NO.603, Huangpu Big Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, 510630, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Huangfeng Song
- Department of Cardiology, The Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, NO.8 Huaying road, Baiyun district, Guangzhou city, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuizhi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, NO.8 Huaying road, Baiyun district, Guangzhou city, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, NO.603, Huangpu Big Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, 510630, China
| | - Jianyi Feng
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, NO.603, Huangpu Big Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, 510630, China
| | - Xiao Ke
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Sun Yat-sen Cardiovascular Hospital, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Hairui Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, NO.603, Huangpu Big Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, 510630, China
| | - Yangxin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ruqiong Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, NO.603, Huangpu Big Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, 510630, China.
| | - Youbin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, NO.8 Huaying road, Baiyun district, Guangzhou city, 510000, Guangdong, China.
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33
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Sadri F, Rezaei Z, Fereidouni M. The significance of the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway in the normal development. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:3307-3320. [PMID: 35067815 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are chemoattractants that can regulate cell movement and adhesion. SDF-1 [stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)] is a homeostatic CXC chemokine. SDF-1 and its receptors [CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4)] form a signaling pathway that plays critical roles in different pathological and physiological mechanisms, including embryogenesis, wound healing, angiogenesis, tumor growth, and proliferation. Therefore, the current review aimed to summarize the related studies that addressed the molecular signature of the SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway and to explain how this axis is involved in normal events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Sadri
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zohreh Rezaei
- Department of Biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fereidouni
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. .,Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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34
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Abstract
Cell migration, a crucial step in numerous biological processes, is tightly regulated in space and time. Cells employ Rho GTPases, primarily Rho, Rac, and Cdc42, to regulate their motility. Like other small G proteins, Rho GTPases function as biomolecular switches in regulating cell migration by operating between GDP bound 'OFF' and GTP bound 'ON' states. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) catalyse the shuttling of GTPases from OFF to ON state. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell surface receptors that are involved in many signalling phenomena including cell survival and cell migration events. In this review, we summarize signalling mechanisms, involving GPCRs, leading to the activation of RhoGEFs. GPCRs exhibit diverse GEF activation modes that include the interaction of heterotrimeric G protein subunits with different domains of GEFs, phosphorylation, protein-protein interaction, protein-lipid interaction, and/or a combination of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Omble
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kiran Kulkarni
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India,CONTACT Kiran Kulkarni Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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35
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Hu X, Li J, Fu M, Zhao X, Wang W. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway: from bench to clinic. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:402. [PMID: 34824210 PMCID: PMC8617206 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 829] [Impact Index Per Article: 276.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway was discovered more than a quarter-century ago. As a fulcrum of many vital cellular processes, the JAK/STAT pathway constitutes a rapid membrane-to-nucleus signaling module and induces the expression of various critical mediators of cancer and inflammation. Growing evidence suggests that dysregulation of the JAK/STAT pathway is associated with various cancers and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the composition, activation, and regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Moreover, we highlight the role of the JAK/STAT pathway and its inhibitors in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Maorong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China.
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China.
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36
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Zhao S, Li Y, Cao M, Yang N, Hu J, Xue T, Li C, Fu Q. The CC and CXC chemokine receptors in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) and their response to Aeromonas salmonicida infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 123:104155. [PMID: 34081943 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are crucial regulators of cell mobilization for development, homeostasis, and immunity. Chemokines signal through binding to chemokine receptors, a superfamily of seven-transmembrane domain G-coupled receptors. In the present study, eleven CC chemokine receptors (CCRs) and seven CXC chemokine receptors (CXCRs) were identified from turbot genome. Phylogenetic and syntenic analyses were performed to annotate these genes, indicating the closest relationship between the turbot chemokine receptors and their counterparts of Japanese flounders (Paralichthys olivaceus). Evolutionary analyses revealed that the tandem duplications of CCR8 and CXCR3, the whole genome duplications of CCR6, CCR9, CCR12, and CXCR4, and the teleost-specific CCR12 led to the expansion of turbot chemokine receptors. In addition, turbot chemokine receptors were ubiquitously expressed in nine examined healthy tissues, with high expression levels observed in spleen, gill, and head kidney. Moreover, most turbot chemokine receptors were significantly differentially expressed in spleen and gill after Aeromonas salmonicida infection, and exhibited general down-regulations at early time points and then gradually up-regulated. Finally, protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analyses indicated that chemokine receptors interacted with a few immune-related genes such as interleukins, Grk genes, CD genes, etc. These results should be valuable for comparative immunological studies and provide insights for further functional characterization of chemokine receptors in turbots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoucong Zhao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Min Cao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jie Hu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ting Xue
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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37
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Okamoto Y, Kitakaze K, Takenouchi Y, Yamamoto S, Ishimaru H, Tsuboi K. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor type 2 positively regulates interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13-induced STAT6 phosphorylation. Cell Signal 2021; 88:110156. [PMID: 34592416 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports have demonstrated that sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor type 2 (S1P2) is involved in the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 6. Additionally, the major signaling pathway of S1P2 is the Rho-Rho kinase pathway. In this study, we examined the role of S1P2 in STAT6 activation in a macrophage (Mφ) model using THP-1 cells differentiated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). We established S1P2knockout THP-1 cells using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system. The PMA-treated S1P2knockout THP-1 Mφs showed decreases in IL-4/IL-13-induced phosphorylation of Janus-activated kinase (JAK) 1, JAK2, and STAT6 as well as mRNA expression of the M2 marker ARG1 compared with wild-type THP-1 Mφs. Pretreatment of PMA-treated THP-1 Mφs with the S1P2 antagonist JTE-013, the Rho inhibitor Rhosin or the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 inhibited the IL-4/IL-13-induced increase in STAT6 phosphorylation. The expressions of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 in the S1P2knockout THP-1 Mφs were higher than those in wild-type THP-1 Mφs. In addition, the protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor vanadate enhanced IL-4-induced STAT6 phosphorylation in the S1P2knockout THP-1 Mφs, suggesting that S1P2-Rho-Rho kinase inhibited the negative regulation of STAT6. These results suggest that the S1P2-Rho-Rho kinase pathway is necessary for full activation of STAT6 by IL-4/IL-13 in Mφs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Kitakaze
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takenouchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ishimaru
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tsuboi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
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38
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Nickoloff-Bybel EA, Festa L, Meucci O, Gaskill PJ. Co-receptor signaling in the pathogenesis of neuroHIV. Retrovirology 2021; 18:24. [PMID: 34429135 PMCID: PMC8385912 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-021-00569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV co-receptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, are necessary for HIV entry into target cells, interacting with the HIV envelope protein, gp120, to initiate several signaling cascades thought to be important to the entry process. Co-receptor signaling may also promote the development of neuroHIV by contributing to both persistent neuroinflammation and indirect neurotoxicity. But despite the critical importance of CXCR4 and CCR5 signaling to HIV pathogenesis, there is only one therapeutic (the CCR5 inhibitor Maraviroc) that targets these receptors. Moreover, our understanding of co-receptor signaling in the specific context of neuroHIV is relatively poor. Research into co-receptor signaling has largely stalled in the past decade, possibly owing to the complexity of the signaling cascades and functions mediated by these receptors. Examining the many signaling pathways triggered by co-receptor activation has been challenging due to the lack of specific molecular tools targeting many of the proteins involved in these pathways and the wide array of model systems used across these experiments. Studies examining the impact of co-receptor signaling on HIV neuropathogenesis often show activation of multiple overlapping pathways by similar stimuli, leading to contradictory data on the effects of co-receptor activation. To address this, we will broadly review HIV infection and neuropathogenesis, examine different co-receptor mediated signaling pathways and functions, then discuss the HIV mediated signaling and the differences between activation induced by HIV and cognate ligands. We will assess the specific effects of co-receptor activation on neuropathogenesis, focusing on neuroinflammation. We will also explore how the use of substances of abuse, which are highly prevalent in people living with HIV, can exacerbate the neuropathogenic effects of co-receptor signaling. Finally, we will discuss the current state of therapeutics targeting co-receptors, highlighting challenges the field has faced and areas in which research into co-receptor signaling would yield the most therapeutic benefit in the context of HIV infection. This discussion will provide a comprehensive overview of what is known and what remains to be explored in regard to co-receptor signaling and HIV infection, and will emphasize the potential value of HIV co-receptors as a target for future therapeutic development. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Nickoloff-Bybel
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - L Festa
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - O Meucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - P J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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39
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Britton C, Poznansky MC, Reeves P. Polyfunctionality of the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis in health and disease: Implications for therapeutic interventions in cancer and immune-mediated diseases. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21260. [PMID: 33715207 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001273r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Historically the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its canonical ligand CXCL12 are associated with the bone marrow niche and hematopoiesis. However, CXCL12 exhibits broad tissue expression including brain, thymus, heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, and bone marrow. CXCR4 can be considered as a node which is integrating and transducing inputs from a range of ligand-receptor interactions into a responsive and divergent network of intracellular signaling pathways that impact multiple cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, and stress resistance. Dysregulation of the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis and consequent fundamental cellular processes, are associated with a panoply of disease. This review frames the polyfunctionality of the receptor at a molecular, physiological, and pathophysiological levels. Transitioning our perspective of this axis from a single gene/protein:single function model to a polyfunctional signaling cascade highlights the potential for finer therapeutic intervention and cautions against a reductionist approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Britton
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - P Reeves
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, England
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40
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Khare T, Bissonnette M, Khare S. CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 Axis in Colorectal Cancer: Therapeutic Target in Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147371. [PMID: 34298991 PMCID: PMC8305488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that promote cancer growth, metastasis, and regulate resistance to chemotherapy. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) also known as C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12), a prognostic factor, is an extracellular homeostatic chemokine that is the natural ligand for chemokine receptors C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), also known as fusin or cluster of differentiation 184 (CD184) and chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR7). CXCR4 is the most widely expressed rhodopsin-like G protein coupled chemokine receptor (GPCR). The CXCL12–CXCR4 axis is involved in tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). CXCR7, recently termed as atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3), is amongst the G protein coupled cell surface receptor family that is also commonly expressed in a large variety of cancer cells. CXCR7, like CXCR4, regulates immunity, angiogenesis, stem cell trafficking, cell growth and organ-specific metastases. CXCR4 and CXCR7 are expressed individually or together, depending on the tumor type. When expressed together, CXCR4 and CXCR7 can form homo- or hetero-dimers. Homo- and hetero-dimerization of CXCL12 and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 alter their signaling activity. Only few drugs have been approved for clinical use targeting CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 axis. Several CXCR4 inhibitors are in clinical trials for solid tumor treatment with limited success whereas CXCR7-specific inhibitors are still in preclinical studies for CRC. This review focuses on current knowledge of chemokine CXCL12 and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7, with emphasis on targeting the CXCL12–CXCR4/CXCR7 axis as a treatment strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Khare
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Sharad Khare
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-573-884-8904; Fax: +1-573-885-4595
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41
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Crippa S, Santi L, Berti M, De Ponti G, Bernardo ME. Role of ex vivo Expanded Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Determining Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Outcome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:663316. [PMID: 34017834 PMCID: PMC8129582 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.663316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Overall, the human organism requires the production of ∼1 trillion new blood cells per day. Such goal is achieved via hematopoiesis occurring within the bone marrow (BM) under the tight regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) homeostasis made by the BM microenvironment. The BM niche is defined by the close interactions of HSPCs and non-hematopoietic cells of different origin, which control the maintenance of HSPCs and orchestrate hematopoiesis in response to the body’s requirements. The activity of the BM niche is regulated by specific signaling pathways in physiological conditions and in case of stress, including the one induced by the HSPC transplantation (HSCT) procedures. HSCT is the curative option for several hematological and non-hematological diseases, despite being associated with early and late complications, mainly due to a low level of HSPC engraftment, impaired hematopoietic recovery, immune-mediated graft rejection, and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in case of allogenic transplant. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are key elements of the BM niche, regulating HSPC homeostasis by direct contact and secreting several paracrine factors. In this review, we will explore the several mechanisms through which MSCs impact on the supportive activity of the BM niche and regulate HSPC homeostasis. We will further discuss how the growing understanding of such mechanisms have impacted, under a clinical point of view, on the transplantation field. In more recent years, these results have instructed the design of clinical trials to ameliorate the outcome of HSCT, especially in the allogenic setting, and when low doses of HSPCs were available for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Crippa
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovica Santi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Berti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada De Ponti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Ester Bernardo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Faculty of Medicine, Milan, Italy
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42
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Luker GD, Yang J, Richmond A, Scala S, Festuccia C, Schottelius M, Wester HJ, Zimmermann J. At the Bench: Pre-clinical evidence for multiple functions of CXCR4 in cancer. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 109:969-989. [PMID: 33104270 PMCID: PMC8254203 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2bt1018-715rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling through chemokine receptor, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) regulates essential processes in normal physiology, including embryogenesis, tissue repair, angiogenesis, and trafficking of immune cells. Tumors co-opt many of these fundamental processes to directly stimulate proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. CXCR4 signaling contributes to critical functions of stromal cells in cancer, including angiogenesis and multiple cell types in the tumor immune environment. Studies in animal models of several different types of cancers consistently demonstrate essential functions of CXCR4 in tumor initiation, local invasion, and metastasis to lymph nodes and distant organs. Data from animal models support clinical observations showing that integrated effects of CXCR4 on cancer and stromal cells correlate with metastasis and overall poor prognosis in >20 different human malignancies. Small molecules, Abs, and peptidic agents have shown anticancer efficacy in animal models, sparking ongoing efforts at clinical translation for cancer therapy. Investigators also are developing companion CXCR4-targeted imaging agents with potential to stratify patients for CXCR4-targeted therapy and monitor treatment efficacy. Here, pre-clinical studies demonstrating functions of CXCR4 in cancer are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Luker
- Departments of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jinming Yang
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ann Richmond
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stefania Scala
- Research Department, Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Applied Clinical Science and Biotechnologies, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Margret Schottelius
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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Lu WJ, Zhou L, Gao FX, Zhou YL, Li Z, Zhang XJ, Wang Y, Gui JF. Dynamic and Differential Expression of Duplicated Cxcr4/Cxcl12 Genes Facilitates Antiviral Response in Hexaploid Gibel Carp. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2176. [PMID: 33013914 PMCID: PMC7516010 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptor cxcr4 and its ligand cxcl12 have evolved two paralogs in the teleost lineage. In this study, we have identified four duplicated cxcr4 and cxcl12 genes from hexaploid gibel carp, Carassius gibelio, respectively. Cgcxcr4bs and Cgcxcl12as were dynamically and differentially expressed in immune-related tissues, and significantly up-regulated in head kidney and spleen after crucian carp herpesvirus (CaHV) infection. Blocking Cxcr4/Cxcl12 axis by injecting AMD3100 brought more severe bleeding symptom and lower survival rate in CaHV-infected fish. AMD3100 treatment also suppressed the up-regulation of key antiviral genes in head kidney and spleen, and resulted in more acute replication of CaHV in vivo. Consistently, the similar suppression of up-regulated expression of key antiviral genes were also observed in CAB cells treated by AMD3100 after poly(I:C) stimulation. Finally, MAPK3 and JAK/STAT were identified as the possible pathways that CgCxcr4s and CgCxcl12s participate in to promote the antiviral response in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan-Xiang Gao
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Bianchi ME, Mezzapelle R. The Chemokine Receptor CXCR4 in Cell Proliferation and Tissue Regeneration. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2109. [PMID: 32983169 PMCID: PMC7484992 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The CXCR4 receptor upon binding its ligands triggers multiple signaling pathways that orchestrate cell migration, hematopoiesis and cell homing, and retention in the bone marrow. However, CXCR4 also directly controls cell proliferation of non-hematopoietic cells. This review focuses on recent reports pointing to its pivotal role in tissue regeneration and stem cell activation, and discusses the connection to the known role of CXCR4 in promoting tumor growth. The mechanisms may be similar in all cases, since regeneration often recapitulates developmental processes, and cancer often exploits developmental pathways. Moreover, cell migration and cell proliferation appear to be downstream of the same signaling pathways. A deeper understanding of the complex signaling originating from CXCR4 is needed to exploit the opportunities to repair damaged organs safely and effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco E Bianchi
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Mezzapelle
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Kaltenecker D, Spirk K, Ruge F, Grebien F, Herling M, Rupprecht A, Kenner L, Pohl EE, Mueller KM, Moriggl R. STAT5 is required for lipid breakdown and beta-adrenergic responsiveness of brown adipose tissue. Mol Metab 2020; 40:101026. [PMID: 32473405 PMCID: PMC7322099 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Increasing energy expenditure through activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis is an attractive approach to counteract obesity. It is therefore essential to understand the molecular mechanisms that control BAT functions. Until now several members of the Janus kinase (JAK) - signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway have been implicated as being relevant for BAT physiology. However, whether the STAT family member STAT5 is important for the thermogenic property of adipose tissues is unknown. Therefore, we have investigated the role of STAT5 in thermogenic fat in this paper. Methods We performed metabolic and molecular analyses using mice that harbor an adipocyte-specific deletion of Stat5a/b alleles. Results We found that STAT5 is necessary for acute cold-induced temperature maintenance and the induction of lipid mobilization in BAT following β3-adrenergic stimulation. Moreover, mitochondrial respiration of primary differentiated brown adipocytes lacking STAT5 was diminished. Increased sensitivity to cold stress upon STAT5 deficiency was associated with reduced expression of thermogenic markers including uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), while decreased stimulated lipolysis was linked to decreased protein kinase A (PKA) activity. Additionally, brown remodeling of white adipose tissue was diminished following chronic β3-adrenergic stimulation, which was accompanied by a decrease in mitochondrial performance. Conclusion We conclude that STAT5 is essential for the functionality and the β-adrenergic responsiveness of thermogenic adipose tissue. Impaired temperature maintenance in mice deficient in adipocyte STAT5 after acute cold exposure. Blocked β3-adrenergic induction of lipolysis and PKA activity in BAT upon STAT5 deficiency. Reduced respiratory capacity in primary differentiated brown adipocytes lacking STAT5. Diminished brown remodeling of STAT5 deficient ScWAT after chronic β3-adrenergic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Kaltenecker
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Spirk
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank Ruge
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Grebien
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Herling
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Oncoproteome, Department I of Internal Medicine, CIO Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Rupprecht
- Unit of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Unit of Pathology of Laboratory Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria; Department of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics, Medical University Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elena E Pohl
- Unit of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristina M Mueller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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D'Agostino G, García-Cuesta EM, Gomariz RP, Rodríguez-Frade JM, Mellado M. The multilayered complexity of the chemokine receptor system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:347-358. [PMID: 32145914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The chemokines receptor family are membrane-expressed class A-specific seven-transmembrane receptors linked to G proteins. Through interaction with the corresponding ligands, the chemokines, they induce a wide variety of cellular responses including cell polarization, movement, immune and inflammatory responses, as well as the prevention of HIV-1 infection. Like a Russian matryoshka doll, the chemokine receptor system is more complex than initially envisaged. This review focuses on the mechanisms that contribute to this dazzling complexity and how they modulate the signaling events triggered by chemokines. The chemokines and their receptors exist as monomers, dimers and oligomers, their expression pattern is highly regulated, and the ligands can bind distinct receptors with similar affinities. The use of novel imaging-based technologies, particularly real-time imaging modalities, has shed new light on the very dynamic conformations that chemokine receptors adopt depending on the cellular context, and that affect chemokine-mediated responses. This complex scenario presents both challenging and exciting opportunities for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca D'Agostino
- Dept. Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Darwin 3, Campus Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva M García-Cuesta
- Dept. Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Darwin 3, Campus Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa P Gomariz
- Dept. Cell Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), E-28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miguel Rodríguez-Frade
- Dept. Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Darwin 3, Campus Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Mellado
- Dept. Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Darwin 3, Campus Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Rogers TJ. Bidirectional Regulation of Opioid and Chemokine Function. Front Immunol 2020; 11:94. [PMID: 32076421 PMCID: PMC7006827 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The opioid family of GPCRs consists of the classical opioid receptors, designated μ-, κ-, and δ-opioid receptors, and the orphanin-FQ receptor, and these proteins are expressed on both neuronal and hematopoietic cells. A number of laboratories have reported that an important degree of cross-talk can occur between the opioid receptors and the chemokine and chemokine receptor families. As a part of this, the opioid receptors are known to regulate the expression of certain chemokines and chemokine receptors, including those that possess strong pro-inflammatory activity. At the level of receptor function, it is clear that certain members of the chemokine family can mediate cross-desensitization of the opioid receptors. Conversely, the opioid receptors are all able to induce heterologous desensitization of some of the chemokine receptors. Consequently, activation of one or more of the opioid receptors can selectively cross-desensitize chemokine receptors and regulate chemokine function. These cross-talk processes have significant implications for the inflammatory response, since the regulation of both the recruitment of inflammatory cells, as well as the sensation of pain, can be controlled in this way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Rogers
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Swiatek-Machado K, Kaminska B. STAT Signaling in Glioma Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1202:203-222. [PMID: 32034715 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30651-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) are latent cytoplasmic transcription factors that function as downstream effectors of cytokine and growth factor receptor signaling. The canonical JAK/STAT signaling pathway involves the activation of Janus kinases (JAK) or growth factors receptor kinases, phosphorylation of STAT proteins, their dimerization and translocation into the nucleus where STATs act as transcription factors with pleiotropic downstream effects. STAT signaling is tightly controlled with restricted kinetics due to action of its negative regulators. While STAT1 is believed to play an important role in growth arrest and apoptosis, and to act as a tumor suppressor, STAT3 and 5 are involved in promoting cell cycle progression, cellular transformation, and preventing apoptosis. Aberrant activation of STATs, in particular STAT3 and STAT5, have been found in a large number of human tumors, including gliomas and may contribute to oncogenesis. In this chapter, we have (1) summarized the mechanisms of STAT activation in normal and malignant signaling; (2) discussed evidence for the critical role of constitutively activated STAT3 and STAT5 in glioma pathobiology; (3) disclosed molecular and pharmacological strategies to interfere with STAT signaling for potential therapeutic intervention in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Swiatek-Machado
- Laboratory of Transcription Regulation, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St, PL 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- Laboratory of Transcription Regulation, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St, PL 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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Mousavi A. CXCL12/CXCR4 signal transduction in diseases and its molecular approaches in targeted-therapy. Immunol Lett 2019; 217:91-115. [PMID: 31747563 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are small molecules called "chemotactic cytokines" and regulate many processes like leukocyte trafficking, homing of immune cells, maturation, cytoskeletal rearrangement, physiology, migration during development, and host immune responses. These proteins bind to their corresponding 7-membrane G-protein-coupled receptors. Chemokines and their receptors are anti-inflammatory factors in autoimmune conditions, so consider as potential targets for neutralization in such diseases. They also express by cancer cells and function as angiogenic factors, and/or survival/growth factors that enhance tumor angiogenesis and development. Among chemokines, the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis has significantly been studied in numerous cancers and autoimmune diseases. CXCL12 is a homeostatic chemokine, which is acts as an anti-inflammatory chemokine during autoimmune inflammatory responses. In cancer cells, CXCL12 acts as an angiogenic, proliferative agent and regulates tumor cell apoptosis as well. CXCR4 has a role in leukocyte chemotaxis in inflammatory situations in numerous autoimmune diseases, as well as the high levels of CXCR4, observed in different types of human cancers. These findings suggest CXCL12/CXCR4 as a potential therapeutic target for therapy of autoimmune diseases and open a new approach to targeted-therapy of cancers by neutralizing CXCL12 and CXCR4. In this paper, we reviewed the current understanding of the role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in disease pathology and cancer biology, and discuss its therapeutic implications in cancer and diseases.
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Cheng LM, Li YJ, Chen XF, Li XL, Chen XS, Du YH. ClC-3 Deficiency Impairs the Neovascularization Capacity of Early Endothelial Progenitor Cells by Decreasing CXCR4/JAK-2 Signalling. Can J Cardiol 2019; 35:1546-1556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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