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Transcription factors regulated by cAMP in smooth muscle of the myometrium at human parturition. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:997-1011. [PMID: 33860781 PMCID: PMC8106496 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) contributes to maintenance of a quiescent (relaxed) state in the myometrium (i.e. uterine smooth muscle) during pregnancy, which most commonly has been attributed to activation of protein kinase A (PKA). PKA-mediated phosphorylation of cytosolic contractile apparatus components in myometrial smooth muscle cells (mSMCs) are known to promote relaxation. Additionally, PKA also regulates nuclear transcription factor (TF) activity to control expression of genes important to the labour process; these are mostly involved in actin-myosin interactions, cell-to-cell connectivity and inflammation, all of which influence mSMC transition from a quiescent to a contractile (pro-labour) phenotype. This review focuses on the evidence that cAMP modulates the activity of TFs linked to pro-labour gene expression, predominantly cAMP response element (CRE) binding TFs, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), activator protein 1 (AP-1) family and progesterone receptors (PRs). This review also considers the more recently described exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) that may oppose the pro-quiescent effects of PKA, as well as explores findings from other cell types that have the potential to be of novel relevance to cAMP action on TF function in the myometrium.
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Salemi S, Tremp M, Plock JA, Andersson KE, Gobet R, Sulser T, Eberli D. Differentiated adipose-derived stem cells for bladder bioengineering. Scand J Urol 2015; 49:407-14. [DOI: 10.3109/21681805.2015.1004642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Min J, Ahn JY, Sekhon SS, Jin YM, Park CK, Um HJ, Jo I, Kim YH. Toxicoproteomic analysis of bovine aortic endothelial cell under exposure to cigarette smoking extracts. Mol Cell Toxicol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-013-0043-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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The Inhibitory Effect of Haloxylon salicornicum on Contraction of the Mouse Uterus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:714075. [PMID: 24174981 PMCID: PMC3794631 DOI: 10.1155/2013/714075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Haloxylon salicornicum (H. salicornicum) is a plant that is frequently taken as a tea by Bedouin women in Egypt who are experiencing difficulties during pregnancy, as well as to provide relief from dysmenorrhoea. Despite its medical use, there has been no detailed evaluation of the effect of this plant on uterine tissue. Therefore, the initial aim of this study was to determine whether H. salicornicum affected the contraction of the mouse uterus in vitro. The crude aqueous extract of H. salicornicum was found to inhibit the spontaneous contractions of the uterus, with the effect being rapid in onset and completely reversible upon washout. Subsequent purification of the plant extract resulted in the identification of synephrine and N-methyltyramine, both of which were found to have inhibitory effects on the spontaneous contractions of the uterus. The EC50 for the purified constituent identified as synephrine was 0.82 ± 0.24 μg/mL. The inhibitory activity of crude H. salicornicum, as well as the isolated constituents, could be prevented by pretreatment of the uterus with the β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol. In conclusion, the use of H. salicornicum during preterm labour appears to be justified, and its pharmacologic effect is consistent with it acting as a β-adrenoceptor agonist.
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Kaya T, Karadas B, Altun A, Sarac İ, Bagcivan I. Effects and selectivity of CL 316243, beta-3-adrenoceptor agonist, in term-pregnant rat myometrium. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2011; 73:63-9. [PMID: 22189156 DOI: 10.1159/000332393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Recent evidence supports a predominant role of β(3)-adrenoceptors at the end of pregnancy in myometrium. This study was designed to characterize the pharmacology of the selective β(3)-adrenoceptor agonist CL 316243 on oxytocin-induced myometrial contractions and the levels of cAMP and cGMP of myometrial strips isolated from term-pregnant rats. METHODS Myometrial strips were obtained from term-pregnant Wistar albino rats (n = 10), mounted in organ baths and tested for changes in isometric tension in response to CL 316243 (10(-10)-10(-5) M) on oxytocin-induced myometrial contractions. Effects of CL 316243 on cAMP and cGMP levels in isolated myometrial strips (n = 8) were evaluated by radioimmunoassay kits. We evaluated the effect of increasing concentrations of CL 316243 on myometrial contractions and on contractions of myometrial smooth muscle pretreated with metoprolol, ICI 118.551 and SR 59230A (β(1)-, β(2)-, β(3)-adrenoceptor antagonists, respectively, 10(-6) M). RESULTS The inhibition of the amplitude of oxytocin-induced contractions by CL 316243 were antagonized with SR 59230A (10(-6) M), but they were not changed by metoprolol (10(-6) M) or ICI 118.551 (10(-6) M). CL 316243 increased cAMP levels compared to the control group. CL 316243 increased cGMP levels, in the CL 316243 group more than in the control group, but this increase is less significant than cAMP levels. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the inhibition of rat myometrial contractions with CL 316243 is mediated by β(3)-adrenoceptor subtype and increased cAMP and cGMP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijen Kaya
- Department of Pharmacology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey.
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Hansel DE, Paner GP, Nese N, Amin MB. Limited smoothelin expression within the muscularis mucosae: validation in bladder diverticula. Hum Pathol 2011; 42:1770-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2011.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pradidarcheep W, Stallen J, Labruyère WT, Dabhoiwala NF, Michel MC, Lamers WH. Lack of specificity of commercially available antisera against muscarinergic and adrenergic receptors. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2009; 379:397-402. [PMID: 19198807 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-009-0393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Commercially available antisera against five subtypes of muscarinic receptors and nine subtypes of adrenoceptors showed highly distinct immunohistochemical staining patterns in rat ureter and stomach. However, using the M(1-4) muscarinic receptor subtypes and alpha(2B)-, beta(2)-, and beta(3)-adrenoceptors as examples, Western blots with membranes prepared from cell lines stably expressing various subtypes of muscarinic receptors or adrenoceptors revealed that each of the antisera recognized a set of proteins that differed between the cell lines used but lacked specificity for the claimed target receptor. We propose that receptor antibodies need better validation before they can reliably be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisuit Pradidarcheep
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Carvajal JA, Delpiano AM, Cuello MA, Poblete JA, Casanello PC, Sobrevia LA, Weiner CP. Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) Produced by the Human Chorioamnion May Mediate Pregnancy Myometrial Quiescence. Reprod Sci 2009; 16:32-42. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719108324137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Carvajal
- Unidad de Medicina Materno Fetal, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile,
| | - Ana M. Delpiano
- Unidad de Medicina Materno Fetal, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio A. Cuello
- Unidad de Medicina Materno Fetal, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose A. Poblete
- Unidad de Medicina Materno Fetal, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola C. Casanello
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A. Sobrevia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carl P. Weiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas
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Bardou M, Rouget C, Breuiller-Fouché M, Loustalot C, Naline E, Sagot P, Frydman R, Morcillo EJ, Advenier C, Leroy MJ, Morrison JJ. Is the beta3-adrenoceptor (ADRB3) a potential target for uterorelaxant drugs? BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2007; 7 Suppl 1:S14. [PMID: 17570158 PMCID: PMC1892055 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-7-s1-s14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of premature birth still remains unsatisfactory. Since the relative lack of efficiency and/or safety of current tocolytic agents have been highlighted, it is necessary to develop new uterorelaxant drugs deprived of important maternal and foetal side effects. Our work reported in this review focuses on a potential new target for tocolytic drugs, the β3-adrenoceptor (ADRB3). This third type of ADRB is shown to be present and functional in human myometrium. We demonstrated that ADRB3 agonists are able to inhibit in-vitro spontaneous contractions of myometrial strips, via a cyclic AMP-mediated pathway. Furthermore, we established that ADRB3 is the predominant subtype over the ADRB2 in human myometrium and that its expression is increased in near-term myometrium, compared to non-pregnant myometrium. Finally, we reported that contrary to ADRB2, the human myometrial ADRB3 is resistant to long-term agonist-induced desensitisation. These compelling data confirm the clinical potential interest of ADRB3 agonists in the pharmacological management of preterm labour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bardou
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaires Expérimentales, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon Cedex, France.
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Croci T, Cecchi R, Marini P, Rouget C, Viviani N, Germain G, Guagnini F, Fradin Y, Descamps L, Pascal M, Advenier C, Breuiller-Fouché M, Leroy MJ, Bardou M. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization of ethyl-4-[trans-4-[((2S)-2-hydroxy-3-[4-hydroxy-3[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-phenoxy]propyl) amino]cyclohexyl]benzoate hydrochloride (SAR150640), a new potent and selective human beta3-adrenoceptor agonist for the treatment of preterm labor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 321:1118-26. [PMID: 17351104 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.119123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethyl-4-[trans-4-[((2S)-2-hydroxy-3-[4-hydroxy-3[(methylsulfonyl)amino] phenoxy]propyl) amino]cyclohexyl]benzoate hydrochloride (SAR150640) was characterized as a new potent and selective beta(3)-adrenoceptor agonist for the treatment of preterm labor. SAR150640 and its major metabolite, the corresponding acid 4-[trans-4-[((2S)-2-hydroxy-3-[4-hydroxy-3[(methylsulfonyl) amino] phenoxy]propyl)amino]cyclohexyl]benzoic acid (SSR500400), showed high affinity for beta(3)-adrenoceptors (K(i) = 73 and 358 nM) and greater potency than (-)-isoproterenol in increasing cAMP production in membrane preparations from human neuroblastoma cells (SKNMC), which express native beta(3)-adrenoceptors (pEC(50) = 6.5, 6.2, and 5.1, respectively). SAR150640 and SSR500400 also increased cAMP production in membrane preparations from human uterine smooth muscle cells (UtSMC), which also express native beta(3)-adrenoceptors (pEC(50) = 7.7 and 7.7, respectively). In these cells, SAR150640 dose-dependently inhibited oxytocin-induced intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation. SAR150640 and SSR500400 had no beta(1)- or beta(2)-agonist or antagonist activity in guinea pig atrium and trachea, or in human isolated atrium and bronchus preparations. Both compounds concentration-dependently inhibited spontaneous contractions in human near-term myometrial strips, with greater potency than salbutamol and 4-[3-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)-amino]-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one hydrochloride (CGP12177) (pIC(50) = 6.4, 6.8, 5.9, and 5.8, respectively), but with similar potency to (-)-isoproterenol and atosiban (oxytocin/vasopressin V(1)a receptor antagonist). SAR150640 also inhibited the contractions induced by oxytocin and prostaglandin F(2alpha). In vivo, after intravenous administration, SAR150640 (1 and 6 mg/kg), but not atosiban (6 mg/kg), dose-dependently inhibited myometrial contractions in conscious unrestrained female cynomolgus monkeys, with no significant effects on heart rate or blood pressure. In contrast, salbutamol (50 and 250 microg/kg) had no inhibitory effect on uterine contractions, but it dose-dependently increased heart rate. These findings indicate a potential for the therapeutic use of SAR150640 in mammals during preterm labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Croci
- Exploratory Research Department, Sanofi-Midy Research Center, sanofi-aventis, SpA., Via G. B. Piranesi, 38, 20137 Milan, Italy.
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Weiner CP, Mason C, Hall G, Ahmad U, Swaan P, Buhimschi IA. Pregnancy and estradiol modulate myometrial G-protein pathways in the guinea pig. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 195:275-87. [PMID: 16681987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2005] [Revised: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coupled to hundreds of receptors, G-proteins modulate signal transduction pathways and are important hormonal targets. The first objective was to determine the effect of pregnancy and estradiol on myometrial guanosine triphosphatase activity. The second objective was to begin dissecting the molecular mechanism(s) underlying alterations in guanosine triphosphatase activity. STUDY DESIGN Myometrial tissue was obtained from pregnant, nonpregnant, and ovariectomized untreated and estradiol-treated guinea pigs. Myometrial membranes were prepared by homogenization and differential centrifugation. Basal high-affinity specific guanosine triphosphatase activity was quantitated by enzymatic assay and expressed in rhomol 32Pi per milligram protein per minute. Guanosine triphosphatase activity was stimulated using oxytocin, isoproterenol, and prostaglandin F2alpha. Specific G-protein subunits were quantitated using Western blots. G-protein associated gene expression was semiquantitated using HGU133A gene array chips from Affymetrix. RESULTS Basal myometrial guanosine triphosphatase activity was increased in pregnant compared with nonpregnant animals. Estradiol increased basal myometrial guanosine triphosphatase activity, compared with untreated controls. The effect of estradiol on stimulated activity was agonist dependent. Both Galphas and Galphai isoform 1 protein levels were increased in myometrium from late pregnant compared with nonpregnant animals. By late gestation, the messenger ribonucleic acid levels of those genes were unaltered, compared with the nonpregnant animal. In general, the impact of pregnancy on G-protein family member gene messenger ribonucleic acid expression was modest. Only the small guanosine triphosphatase Rap1b demonstrated altered expression more than 2-fold during either myometrial quiescence (midpregnancy) or activation (term pregnancy) (up 3-fold during quiescence). Genomic network analyses revealed that the expression of another small guanosine triphosphatase, Rab7, was exclusively up-regulated (80%) during quiescence. During late pregnancy, network analysis showed that only G-protein beta was exclusively altered (up-regulated). Estradiol mimicked the pregnancy effect on both transcription and translation of G-protein family members for some but not all potentially relevant genes. CONCLUSION The increase in functional myometrial guanosine triphosphatase activity during pregnancy may reflect increased synthesis of 1 or more small guanosine triphosphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl P Weiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160-7316, USA.
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Maake C, Landman M, Wang X, Schmid DM, Ziegler U, John H. Expression of Smoothelin in the Normal and the Overactive Human Bladder. J Urol 2006; 175:1152-7. [PMID: 16469643 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(05)00315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We established the expression pattern of smoothelin, a marker protein for contractile smooth muscle cells, in the human detrusor and investigated its possible impact on bladder overactivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Detrusor samples of 13 overactive bladders (sensory urge and detrusor instability) were obtained before botulinum toxin injection and compared to those of 8 normally contractile, nonobstructed bladders obtained during radical cystectomy. Smoothelin mRNA expression patterns were investigated by Northern blot and variant specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction as well as by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction on laser capture, microdissected smooth muscle. At the protein level smoothelin was investigated by standard and quantitative immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The bladder muscularis expressed vascular and visceral smoothelin isoforms, and 2 of the known splice variants. In the smooth muscle of patients with detrusor instability and sensory urge a significant 2.4 and 2.2-fold increase, respectively, in smoothelin variant 1 mRNA was observed in comparison to that of normal controls. Analyses at the smoothelin protein level confirmed significant up-regulation in these bladder dysfunctions by a factor of 2.3 and 1.8, respectively. No significant difference in smoothelin expression was observed between detrusor instability and sensory urge. CONCLUSIONS Increased expression of smoothelin in patients with detrusor instability and sensory urge implies that the etiology of these dysfunctions includes changes in myogenic parameters. In addition, our data support the new classification of the International Continence Society for overactive bladder proposing that sensory urge and detrusor instability represent a single clinical entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Maake
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Leineweber K, Schwiebert C, Büscher R, Michel MC. Is cyclic AMP formation desensitized in patients with end-stage renal failure? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 25:25-32. [PMID: 15659151 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-8673.2004.00329.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1 Cyclic AMP formation has consistently been reported to be desensitized in various tissues including heart of animal models of end-stage renal failure (ESRF). In contrast, reports on desensitization of cAMP formation in ESRF patients remain contradictory. Whether this discrepancy results from a difference between human ESRF and its animal models or from the use of circulating blood cells in the human and various solid tissues in the animal studies, remains unclear. Therefore, we performed three studies with heart and platelets of ESRF patients undergoing haemodialysis or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and age- and gender-matched controls with normal renal function (n = 11-13 each). 2 In platelets from haemodialysis patients adenylyl cyclase activity in response to receptor-dependent and -independent agonists was reduced by approximately 30%, and this could be explained by an alteration at the level of adenylyl cyclase itself. However, no such desensitization was seen in platelets from peritoneal dialysis patients. 3 In hearts from ESRF patients undergoing haemodialysis, beta-adrenoceptor density and subtype distribution, cAMP formation in response to the beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline or various receptor-independent stimuli, were very similar to those in control patients but activity of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase was increased by approximately 20%. 4 We conclude that conflicting reports on the desensitization of cAMP formation between ESRF patients and ESRF animal models are not explained by the use of solid tissues in animal studies vs. circulating blood cells in patient studies. Rather desensitization of cAMP formation seems to be a less consistent feature of human ESRF than of its animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Leineweber
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
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Gogarten W, Lindeman KS, Hirshman CA, Emala CW. Tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulates adenylyl cyclase activity in human myometrial cells. Biol Reprod 2003; 68:751-7. [PMID: 12604622 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.004168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) have been implicated in amniotic fluid infections and preterm and term labor. The underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. In some smooth muscle cells, TNFalpha affects function of the beta-adrenergic/adenylyl cyclase pathway. The present study was performed to examine the effects of chronic TNFalpha exposure on adenylyl cyclase activity in cell cultures of human myometrium. Chronic TNFalpha exposure led to a dose- and time-dependent increase in basal-, GTP-, NaF-, and forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity. The increase in AC activity was not mediated by changes in the expression of the heterotrimeric G proteins G(s)alpha or G(i)alpha as determined by immunoblotting. In addition, increases in AC activity occurred in the presence of indomethacin, indicating that these changes were not provoked by TNFalpha-induced changes in prostaglandin production. The present results suggest that TNFalpha-induced increases in AC activity in human myometrial cells obtained from the lower uterine segment occur at the level of G-protein/AC interaction or at the level of the AC enzyme itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Gogarten
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Rümenapp U, Freichel-Blomquist A, Wittinghofer B, Jakobs KH, Wieland T. A mammalian Rho-specific guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (p164-RhoGEF) without a pleckstrin homology domain. Biochem J 2002; 366:721-8. [PMID: 12071859 PMCID: PMC1222833 DOI: 10.1042/bj20020654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2002] [Revised: 06/07/2002] [Accepted: 06/19/2002] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rho GTPases, which are activated by specific guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), play pivotal roles in several cellular functions. We identified a recently cloned human cDNA, namely KIAA0337, encoding a protein containing 1510 amino acids (p164). It contains a RhoGEF-specific Dbl homology (DH) domain but lacks their typical pleckstrin homology domain. The expression of the mRNA encoding p164 was found to be at least 4-fold higher in the heart than in other tissues. Recombinant p164 interacted with and induced GDP/GTP exchange at RhoA but not at Rac1 or Cdc42. p164-DeltaC and p164-DeltaN are p164 mutants that are truncated at the C- and N-termini respectively but contain the DH domain. In contrast with the full-length p164, expression of p164-DeltaC and p164-DeltaN strongly induced actin stress fibre formation and activated serum response factor-mediated and Rho-dependent gene transcription. Interestingly, p164-DeltaN2, a mutant containing the C-terminus but having a defective DH domain, bound to p164-DeltaC and suppressed the p164-DeltaC-induced gene transcription. Overexpression of the full-length p164 inhibited M(3) muscarinic receptor-induced gene transcription, whereas co-expression with Gbeta(1)gamma(2) dimers induced transcriptional activity. It is concluded that p164-RhoGEF is a Rho-specific GEF with novel structural and regulatory properties and predominant expression in the heart. Apparently, its N- and C-termini interact with each other, thereby inhibiting its GEF activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Rümenapp
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Germany
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Deruiter MC, Rensen SS, Coolen GP, Hierck BP, Bergwerff M, Debie WM, Gittenberger-De Groot AC, Van Eys GJ. Smoothelin expression during chicken embryogenesis: detection of an embryonic isoform. Dev Dyn 2001; 221:460-3. [PMID: 11500983 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Two isoforms of a novel smooth muscle cell (SMC) -specific cytoskeletal protein, smoothelin, have been described. In the adult chick, the 55-kDa smoothelin-A is expressed in visceral SMC, whereas the 120-kDa smoothelin-B is the major product in vascular SMC. Chicken was chosen to study smoothelin expression during embryogenesis and neonatally. Smoothelin-B was found in vascular SMC from stage 20 onward. In visceral SMC, smoothelin-B was present from stage 29 until hatching. Perinatally, a strong up-regulation of smoothelin synthesis was observed in visceral tissues, coinciding with a switch to the A-isoform. Transient smoothelin synthesis was observed in the somites and the developing heart. Western blotting revealed in these tissues a 62-kDa smoothelin isoform, designated smoothelin-C. Expression of the smoothelin isoforms seems to be strictly controlled with respect to cell type and developmental stage and may be related to the mode of contraction of the different cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Deruiter
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Rümenapp U, Asmus M, Schablowski H, Woznicki M, Han L, Jakobs KH, Fahimi-Vahid M, Michalek C, Wieland T, Schmidt M. The M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor expressed in HEK-293 cells signals to phospholipase D via G12 but not Gq-type G proteins: regulators of G proteins as tools to dissect pertussis toxin-resistant G proteins in receptor-effector coupling. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:2474-9. [PMID: 11036069 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m004957200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The M(3) muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) expressed in HEK-293 cells couples to G(q) and G(12) proteins and stimulates phospholipase C (PLC) and phospholipase D (PLD) in a pertussis toxin-insensitive manner. To determine the type of G protein mediating M(3) mAChR-PLD coupling in comparison to M(3) mAChR-PLC coupling, we expressed various Galpha proteins and regulators of the G protein signaling (RGS), which act as GTPase-activating proteins for G(q)- or G(12)-type G proteins. PLD stimulation by the M(3) mAChR was enhanced by the overexpression of Galpha(12) and Galpha(13), whereas the overexpression of Galpha(q) strongly increased PLC activity without affecting PLD activity. Expression of the RGS homology domain of Lsc, which acts specifically on Galpha(12) and Galpha(13), blunted the M(3) mAChR-induced PLD stimulation without affecting PLC stimulation. On the other hand, overexpression of RGS4, which acts on Galpha(q)- but not Galpha(12)-type G proteins, suppressed the M(3) mAChR-induced PLC stimulation without altering PLD stimulation. We conclude that the M(3) mAChR in HEK-293 cells apparently signals to PLD via G(12)- but not G(q)-type G proteins and that G protein subtype-selective RGS proteins can be used as powerful tools to dissect the pertussis toxin-resistant G proteins and their role in receptor-effector coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Rümenapp
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45122 Essen, Germany.
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Zhou XB, Wang GX, Huneke B, Wieland T, Korth M. Pregnancy switches adrenergic signal transduction in rat and human uterine myocytes as probed by BKCa channel activity. J Physiol 2000; 524 Pt 2:339-52. [PMID: 10766916 PMCID: PMC2269869 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
1. We used large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channel activity as a probe to characterize the inhibitory/stimulatory G protein (Gi/Gs) signalling pathways in intact cells from pregnant (PM) and non-pregnant (NPM) myometrium. 2. Isoprenaline (10 microM) enhanced the outward current (Iout) in PM cells and inhibited Iout in NPM cells. Additional application of the alpha2-adrenoceptor (alpha2-AR) agonist clonidine (10 microM) further enhanced the isoprenaline-modulated Iout in PM cells but partially antagonized Iout in NPM cells. Clonidine alone did not affect Iout. The specific cAMP kinase (PKA) inhibitor H-89 (1 microM) abolished the effects of isoprenaline and clonidine. The specific BKCa channel blocker iberiotoxin (0.1 microM) inhibited Iout by approximately 80 %; the residual current was insensitive to isoprenaline. 3. Inhibition of Gi activity by either pertussis toxin or the GTPase activating protein RGS16 abolished inhibitory as well as stimulatory effects of clonidine on Iout. 4. Transducin-alpha, a scavenger of Gi betagamma dimers, converted the stimulatory action of clonidine on Iout into an inhibitory effect. Free transducin-betagamma enhanced both the stimulatory and the inhibitory effects of isoprenaline on Iout. 5. The results demonstrate that BKCa channel activity is a sensitive probe to follow adenylyl cyclase-cAMP-PKA signalling in myometrial smooth muscle cells. Both Gialpha-mediated inhibition and Gibetagamma-mediated stimulation can occur in the same cell, irrespective of pregnancy. It is speculated that the coupling between alpha2-AR and Gi proteins is more efficient during pregnancy and that Gibetagamma at high levels simply override the inhibitory action of Gi alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- X B Zhou
- Institut fur Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, und Frauenklinik, Universitats-Krankenhaus Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
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