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Gremmel T, Frelinger AL, Michelson AD. Platelet Physiology. Semin Thromb Hemost 2024; 50:1173-1186. [PMID: 38653463 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Platelets are the smallest blood cells, numbering 150 to 350 × 109/L in healthy individuals. The ability of activated platelets to adhere to an injured vessel wall and form aggregates was first described in the 19th century. Besides their long-established roles in thrombosis and hemostasis, platelets are increasingly recognized as pivotal players in numerous other pathophysiological processes including inflammation and atherogenesis, antimicrobial host defense, and tumor growth and metastasis. Consequently, profound knowledge of platelet structure and function is becoming more important in research and in many fields of modern medicine. This review provides an overview of platelet physiology focusing particularly on the structure, granules, surface glycoproteins, and activation pathways of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gremmel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Interventional Cardiology, Karl Landsteiner Society, St. Pölten, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, Mistelbach, Austria
| | - Andrew L Frelinger
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alan D Michelson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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2
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Abstract
This article represents a republication of an article originally published in STH in 2005. This republication is to help celebrate 50 years of publishing for STH. The original abstract follows.Platelets are specialized blood cells that play central roles in physiologic and pathologic processes of hemostasis, inflammation, tumor metastasis, wound healing, and host defense. Activation of platelets is crucial for platelet function that includes a complex interplay of adhesion and signaling molecules. This article gives an overview of the activation processes involved in primary and secondary hemostasis, for example, platelet adhesion, platelet secretion, platelet aggregation, microvesicle formation, and clot retraction/stabilization. In addition, activated platelets are predominantly involved in cross-talk to other blood and vascular cells. Stimulated "sticky" platelets enable recruitment of leukocytes at sites of vascular injury under high shear conditions. Platelet-derived microparticles as well as soluble adhesion molecules, sP-selectin and sCD40L, shed from the surface of activated platelets, are capable of activating, in turn, leukocytes and endothelial cells. This article focuses further on the new view of receptor-mediated thrombin generation of human platelets, necessary for the formation of a stable platelet-fibrin clot during secondary hemostasis. Finally, special emphasis is placed on important stimulatory and inhibitory signaling pathways that modulate platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Jurk
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Experimental and Clinical Haemostasis, University-Hospital Munster, Munster, Germany
| | - Beate E Kehrel
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Experimental and Clinical Haemostasis, University-Hospital Munster, Munster, Germany
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3
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Abstract
CD36 (also known as platelet glycoprotein IV) is expressed by a variety of different cell entities, where it possesses functions as a signaling receptor, but additionally acts as a transporter for long-chain fatty acids. This dual function of CD36 has been investigated for its relevance in immune and nonimmune cells. Although CD36 was first identified on platelets, the understanding of the role of CD36 in platelet biology remained scarce for decades. In the past few years, several discoveries have shed a new light on the CD36 signaling activity in platelets. Notably, CD36 has been recognized as a sensor for oxidized low-density lipoproteins in the circulation that mitigates the threshold for platelet activation under conditions of dyslipidemia. Thus, platelet CD36 transduces atherogenic lipid stress into an increased risk for thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The underlying pathways that are affected by CD36 are the inhibition of cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways and simultaneously the induction of activatory signaling events. Furthermore, thrombospondin-1 secreted by activated platelets binds to CD36 and furthers paracrine platelet activation. CD36 also serves as a binding hub for different coagulation factors and, thus, contributes to the plasmatic coagulation cascade. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent findings on platelet CD36 and presents CD36 as a relevant target for the prevention of thrombotic events for dyslipidemic individuals with an elevated risk for thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Bendas
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Schlesinger
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
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4
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Hosseini-Fard SR, Etemad-Moghadam S, Alaeddini M, Dehpour AR, Emamgholipour S, Golestani A. Exploring the impact of naltrexone on the THBS1/eNOS/NO pathway in osteoporotic bile duct-ligated rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:48. [PMID: 38167957 PMCID: PMC10761994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50547-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatic osteodystrophy, a prevalent manifestation of metabolic bone disease, can arise in the context of chronic liver disease. The THBS1-eNOS-NO signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the maturation of osteoclast precursors. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Naltrexone (NTX) on bone loss by examining the THBS1-eNOS-NO signaling pathways in bile duct ligated (BDL) rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10 per group): control, sham-operated + normal saline, BDL + normal saline, sham-operated + NTX (10 mg/kg), and BDL + NTX. Parameters related to liver injury were measured at the study's conclusion, and Masson-trichrome staining was employed to evaluate collagen deposition in liver tissue. Bone THBS-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression levels were measured using real-time PCR, while the level of bone nitric oxide (NO) was assessed through a colorimetric assay. NTX treatment significantly attenuated the BDL-induced increase in circulating levels of liver enzymes and bilirubin. THBS-1 expression levels, elevated after BDL, were significantly suppressed following NTX administration in the BDL + NTX group. Despite no alterations in eNOS expression between groups, the bone NO level, significantly decreased in the BDL group, was significantly reduced by NTX in the BDL + NTX group. This study partly provides insights into the possible molecular mechanisms in BDL-induced osteoporosis and highlights the modulating effect of NTX on these pathways. Further research is needed to establish the impact of NTX on histomorphometric indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Reza Hosseini-Fard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahroo Etemad-Moghadam
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Alaeddini
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solaleh Emamgholipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abolfazl Golestani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Platelet-Neutrophil Association in NETs-Rich Areas in the Retrieved AIS Patient Thrombi. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214477. [PMID: 36430952 PMCID: PMC9694992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Histological structure of thrombi is a strong determinant of the outcome of vascular recanalization therapy, the only treatment option for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. A total of 21 AIS patients from this study after undergoing non-enhanced CT scan and multimodal MRI were treated with mechanical stent-based and manual aspiration thrombectomy, and thromboembolic retrieved from a cerebral artery. Complementary histopathological and imaging analyses were performed to understand their composition with a specific focus on fibrin, von Willebrand factor, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Though distinct RBC-rich and platelet-rich areas were found, AIS patient thrombi were overwhelmingly platelet-rich, with 90% of thrombi containing <40% total RBC-rich contents (1.5 to 37%). Structurally, RBC-rich areas were simple, consisting of tightly packed RBCs in thin fibrin meshwork with sparsely populated nucleated cells and lacked any substantial von Willebrand factor (VWF). Platelet-rich areas were structurally more complex with thick fibrin meshwork associated with VWF. Plenty of leukocytes populated the platelet-rich areas, particularly in the periphery and border areas between platelet-rich and RBC-rich areas. Platelet-rich areas showed abundant activated neutrophils (myeloperoxidase+ and neutrophil-elastase+) containing citrullinated histone-decorated DNA. Citrullinated histone-decorated DNA also accumulated extracellularly, pointing to NETosis by the activated neutrophils. Notably, NETs-containing areas showed strong reactivity to VWF, platelets, and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), signifying a close interplay between these components.
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Zhang Y, Ehrlich SM, Zhu C, Du X. Signaling mechanisms of the platelet glycoprotein Ib-IX complex. Platelets 2022; 33:823-832. [PMID: 35615944 PMCID: PMC9378482 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2071852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The glycoprotein Ib-IX (GPIb-IX) complex mediates initial platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor (VWF) immobilized on subendothelial matrix and endothelial surfaces, and transmits VWF binding-induced signals to stimulate platelet activation. GPIb-IX also functions as part of a mechanosensor to convert mechanical force received via VWF binding into intracellular signals, thereby greatly enhancing platelet activation. Thrombin binding to GPIb-IX initiates GPIb-IX signaling cooperatively with protease-activated receptors to synergistically stimulate the platelet response to low-dose thrombin. GPIb-IX signaling may also occur following the binding of other GPIb-IX ligands such as leukocyte integrin αMβ2 and red cell-derived semaphorin 7A, contributing to thrombo-inflammation. GPIb-IX signaling requires the interaction between the cytoplasmic domains of GPIb-IX and 14-3-3 protein and is mediated through Src family kinases, the Rho family of small GTPases, phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt-cGMP-mitogen-activated protein kinase, and LIM kinase 1 signaling pathways, leading to calcium mobilization, integrin activation, and granule secretion. This review summarizes the current understanding of GPIb-IX signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago,Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Samuel M Ehrlich
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cheng Zhu
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xiaoping Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago,Chicago, Illinois, USA
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7
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Bendas G, Schlesinger M. The GPIb-IX complex on platelets: insight into its novel physiological functions affecting immune surveillance, hepatic thrombopoietin generation, platelet clearance and its relevance for cancer development and metastasis. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:19. [PMID: 35366951 PMCID: PMC8976409 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX complex is a platelet receptor that mediates the initial interaction with subendothelial von Willebrand factor (VWF) causing platelet arrest at sites of vascular injury even under conditions of high shear. GPIb-IX dysfunction or deficiency is the reason for the rare but severe Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS), a congenital bleeding disorder. Although knowledge on GPIb-IX structure, its basic functions, ligands, and intracellular signaling cascades have been well established, several advances in GPIb-IX biology have been made in the recent years. Thus, two mechanosensitive domains and a trigger sequence in GPIb were characterized and its role as a thrombin receptor was deciphered. Furthermore, it became clear that GPIb-IX is involved in the regulation of platelet production, clearance and thrombopoietin secretion. GPIb is deemed to contribute to liver cancer development and metastasis. This review recapitulates these novel findings highlighting GPIb-IX in its multiple functions as a key for immune regulation, host defense, and liver cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Bendas
- Department of Pharmacy, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Schlesinger
- Department of Pharmacy, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany. .,Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany.
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8
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Chen R, Zheng S, Zhang L. Development of antithrombotic peptides based on the molecular interactions between von Willebrand factor and GPIbα. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:22670-22678. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03148e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Binding of platelets on vascular endothelia at the damaged site using von Willebrand factor (vWF) as a bridge is of great significance for platelet adhesion and subsequent arterial thrombosis. Molecular...
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9
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Baidildinova G, Nagy M, Jurk K, Wild PS, Ten Cate H, van der Meijden PEJ. Soluble Platelet Release Factors as Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:684920. [PMID: 34235190 PMCID: PMC8255615 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.684920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are the main players in thrombotic diseases, where activated platelets not only mediate thrombus formation but also are involved in multiple interactions with vascular cells, inflammatory components, and the coagulation system. Although in vitro reactivity of platelets provides information on the function of circulating platelets, it is not a full reflection of the in vivo activation state, which may be relevant for thrombotic risk assessment in various disease conditions. Therefore, studying release markers of activated platelets in plasma is of interest. While this type of study has been done for decades, there are several new discoveries that highlight the need for a critical assessment of the available tests and indications for platelet release products. First, new insights have shown that platelets are not only prominent players in arterial vascular disease, but also in venous thromboembolism and atrial fibrillation. Second, knowledge of the platelet proteome has dramatically expanded over the past years, which contributed to an increasing array of tests for proteins released and shed from platelets upon activation. Identification of changes in the level of plasma biomarkers associated with upcoming thromboembolic events allows timely and individualized adjustment of the treatment strategy to prevent disease aggravation. Therefore, biomarkers of platelet activation may become a valuable instrument for acute event prognosis. In this narrative review based on a systematic search of the literature, we summarize the process of platelet activation and release products, discuss the clinical context in which platelet release products have been measured as well as the potential clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaukhar Baidildinova
- Departments of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Magdolna Nagy
- Departments of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Jurk
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp S Wild
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.,Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hugo Ten Cate
- Departments of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Thrombosis Expertise Center, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Paola E J van der Meijden
- Departments of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Thrombosis Expertise Center, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
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10
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Li BX, Dai X, Xu XR, Adili R, Neves MAD, Lei X, Shen C, Zhu G, Wang Y, Zhou H, Hou Y, Ni T, Pasman Y, Yang Z, Qian F, Zhao Y, Gao Y, Liu J, Teng M, Marshall AH, Cerenzia EG, Li ML, Ni H. In vitro assessment and phase I randomized clinical trial of anfibatide a snake venom derived anti-thrombotic agent targeting human platelet GPIbα. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11663. [PMID: 34083615 PMCID: PMC8175443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91165-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of platelet GPIbα with von Willebrand factor (VWF) is essential to initiate platelet adhesion and thrombosis, particularly under high shear stress conditions. However, no drug targeting GPIbα has been developed for clinical practice. Here we characterized anfibatide, a GPIbα antagonist purified from snake (Deinagkistrodon acutus) venom, and evaluated its interaction with GPIbα by surface plasmon resonance and in silico modeling. We demonstrated that anfibatide interferds with both VWF and thrombin binding, inhibited ristocetin/botrocetin- and low-dose thrombin-induced human platelet aggregation, and decreased thrombus volume and stability in blood flowing over collagen. In a single-center, randomized, and open-label phase I clinical trial, anfibatide was administered intravenously to 94 healthy volunteers either as a single dose bolus, or a bolus followed by a constant rate infusion of anfibatide for 24 h. Anfibatide inhibited VWF-mediated platelet aggregation without significantly altering bleeding time or coagulation. The inhibitory effects disappeared within 8 h after drug withdrawal. No thrombocytopenia or anti-anfibatide antibodies were detected, and no serious adverse events or allergic reactions were observed during the studies. Therefore, anfibatide was well-tolerated among healthy subjects. Interestingly, anfibatide exhibited pharmacologic effects in vivo at concentrations thousand-fold lower than in vitro, a phenomenon which deserves further investigation.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01588132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Xiaoyi Li
- Lee's Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited, 1/F, Building 20E, Phase 3, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, N.T. Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Zhaoke Pharmaceutical Co. Limited, Hefei, China.
| | - Xiangrong Dai
- Lee's Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited, 1/F, Building 20E, Phase 3, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, N.T. Hong Kong SAR, China.,Zhaoke Pharmaceutical Co. Limited, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohong Ruby Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Reheman Adili
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada
| | - Miguel Antonio Dias Neves
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, Canada
| | - Xi Lei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chuanbin Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Guangheng Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yan Hou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tiffany Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yfke Pasman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Fang Qian
- Zhaoke Pharmaceutical Co. Limited, Hefei, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Wannan Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu, China
| | - Yongxiang Gao
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Maikun Teng
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Alexandra H Marshall
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eric G Cerenzia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mandy Lokyee Li
- Lee's Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited, 1/F, Building 20E, Phase 3, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, N.T. Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Heyu Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,St. Michael's Hospital, Room 421, LKSKI-Keenan Research Centre, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.
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11
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Age-Dependent Control of Collagen-Dependent Platelet Responses by Thrombospondin-1-Comparative Analysis of Platelets from Neonates, Children, Adolescents, and Adults. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094883. [PMID: 34063076 PMCID: PMC8124951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet function is developmentally regulated. Healthy neonates do not spontaneously bleed, but their platelets are hypo-reactive to several agonists. The mechanisms underlying immature platelet function in neonates are incompletely understood. This critical issue remains challenging for the establishment of age-specific reference ranges. In this study, we evaluated platelet reactivity of five pediatric age categories, ranging from healthy full-term neonates up to adolescents (11–18 years) in comparison to healthy adults (>18 years) by flow cytometry. We confirmed that platelet hypo-reactivity detected by fibrinogen binding, P-selectin, and CD63 surface expression was most pronounced in neonates compared to other pediatric age groups. However, maturation of platelet responsiveness varied with age, agonist, and activation marker. In contrast to TRAP and ADP, collagen-induced platelet activation was nearly absent in neonates. Granule secretion markedly remained impaired at least up to 10 years of age compared to adults. We show for the first time that neonatal platelets are deficient in thrombospondin-1, and exogenous platelet-derived thrombospondin-1 allows platelet responsiveness to collagen. Platelets from all pediatric age groups normally responded to the C-terminal thrombospondin-1 peptide RFYVVMWK. Thus, thrombospondin-1 deficiency of neonatal platelets might contribute to the relatively impaired response to collagen, and platelet-derived thrombospondin-1 may control distinct collagen-induced platelet responses.
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12
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Jeanne A, Sarazin T, Charlé M, Kawecki C, Kauskot A, Hedtke T, Schmelzer CEH, Martiny L, Maurice P, Dedieu S. Towards the Therapeutic Use of Thrombospondin 1/CD47 Targeting TAX2 Peptide as an Antithrombotic Agent. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:e1-e17. [PMID: 33232198 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE TSP-1 (thrombospondin 1) is one of the most expressed proteins in platelet α-granules and plays an important role in the regulation of hemostasis and thrombosis. Interaction of released TSP-1 with CD47 membrane receptor has been shown to regulate major events leading to thrombus formation, such as, platelet adhesion to vascular endothelium, nitric oxide/cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate) signaling, platelet activation as well as aggregation. Therefore, targeting TSP-1:CD47 axis may represent a promising antithrombotic strategy. Approach and Results: A CD47-derived cyclic peptide was engineered, namely TAX2, that targets TSP-1 and selectively prevents TSP-1:CD47 interaction. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that TAX2 peptide strongly decreases platelet aggregation and interaction with collagen under arterial shear conditions. TAX2 also delays time for complete thrombotic occlusion in 2 mouse models of arterial thrombosis following chemical injury, while Thbs1-/- mice recapitulate TAX2 effects. Importantly, TAX2 administration is not associated with increased bleeding risk or modification of hematologic parameters. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study sheds light on the major contribution of TSP-1:CD47 interaction in platelet activation and thrombus formation while putting forward TAX2 as an innovative antithrombotic agent with high added-value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albin Jeanne
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France (A.J., T.S., M.C., C.K., L.M., P.M., S.D.)
- SATT Nord, Lille, France (A.J.)
- Apmonia Therapeutics, Reims, France (A.J., S.D.)
| | - Thomas Sarazin
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France (A.J., T.S., M.C., C.K., L.M., P.M., S.D.)
| | - Magalie Charlé
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France (A.J., T.S., M.C., C.K., L.M., P.M., S.D.)
| | - Charlotte Kawecki
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France (A.J., T.S., M.C., C.K., L.M., P.M., S.D.)
| | - Alexandre Kauskot
- HITh, UMR_S 1176, INSERM Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, France (A.K.)
| | - Tobias Hedtke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Halle (Saale), Germany (T.H., C.E.H.S.)
| | - Christian E H Schmelzer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Halle (Saale), Germany (T.H., C.E.H.S.)
| | - Laurent Martiny
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France (A.J., T.S., M.C., C.K., L.M., P.M., S.D.)
| | - Pascal Maurice
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France (A.J., T.S., M.C., C.K., L.M., P.M., S.D.)
| | - Stéphane Dedieu
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France (A.J., T.S., M.C., C.K., L.M., P.M., S.D.)
- Apmonia Therapeutics, Reims, France (A.J., S.D.)
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13
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Pielsticker C, Brodde MF, Raum L, Jurk K, Kehrel BE. Plasmin-Induced Activation of Human Platelets Is Modulated by Thrombospondin-1, Bona Fide Misfolded Proteins and Thiol Isomerases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228851. [PMID: 33238433 PMCID: PMC7700677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes are triggered by the fibrinolytic enzyme plasmin. Tissue-type plasminogen activator, which cleaves plasminogen to plasmin, can be activated by the cross-β-structure of misfolded proteins. Misfolded protein aggregates also represent substrates for plasmin, promoting their degradation, and are potent platelet agonists. However, the regulation of plasmin-mediated platelet activation by misfolded proteins and vice versa is incompletely understood. In this study, we hypothesize that plasmin acts as potent agonist of human platelets in vitro after short-term incubation at room temperature, and that the response to thrombospondin-1 and the bona fide misfolded proteins Eap and SCN--denatured IgG interfere with plasmin, thereby modulating platelet activation. Plasmin dose-dependently induced CD62P surface expression on, and binding of fibrinogen to, human platelets in the absence/presence of plasma and in citrated whole blood, as analyzed by flow cytometry. Thrombospondin-1 pre-incubated with plasmin enhanced these plasmin-induced platelet responses at low concentration and diminished them at higher dose. Platelet fibrinogen binding was dose-dependently induced by the C-terminal thrombospondin-1 peptide RFYVVMWK, Eap or NaSCN-treated IgG, but diminished in the presence of plasmin. Blocking enzymatically catalyzed thiol-isomerization decreased plasmin-induced platelet responses, suggesting that plasmin activates platelets in a thiol-dependent manner. Thrombospondin-1, depending on the concentration, may act as cofactor or inhibitor of plasmin-induced platelet activation, and plasmin blocks platelet activation induced by misfolded proteins and vice versa, which might be of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pielsticker
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Experimental and Clinical Haemostasis, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (C.P.); (L.R.)
| | | | - Lisa Raum
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Experimental and Clinical Haemostasis, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (C.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Kerstin Jurk
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Experimental and Clinical Haemostasis, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (C.P.); (L.R.)
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: (K.J.); (B.E.K.); Tel.: +49-6131178278 (K.J.); +49-2518356725 (B.E.K.)
| | - Beate E. Kehrel
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Experimental and Clinical Haemostasis, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (C.P.); (L.R.)
- OxProtect GmbH, 48149 Muenster, Germany;
- Correspondence: (K.J.); (B.E.K.); Tel.: +49-6131178278 (K.J.); +49-2518356725 (B.E.K.)
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14
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Chen CM, Lu HC, Tung YT, Chen W. Antiplatelet Therapy for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070230. [PMID: 32708068 PMCID: PMC7399831 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common and devastating syndrome that contributes to serious morbidities and mortality in critically ill patients. No known pharmacologic therapy is beneficial in the treatment of ARDS, and the only effective management is through a protective lung strategy. Platelets play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ARDS, and antiplatelet therapy may be a potential medication for ARDS. In this review, we introduce the overall pathogenesis of ARDS, and then focus on platelet-related mechanisms underlying the development of ARDS, including platelet adhesion to the injured vessel wall, platelet-leukocyte-endothelium interactions, platelet-related lipid mediators, and neutrophil extracellular traps. We further summarize antiplatelet therapy, including aspirin, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists, and P2Y12 inhibitors for ARDS in experimental and clinical studies and a meta-analysis. Novel aspirin-derived agents, aspirin-triggered lipoxin, and aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 are also described here. In this narrative review, we summarize the current knowledge of the role of platelets in the pathogenesis of ARDS, and the potential benefits of antiplatelet therapy for the prevention and treatment of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, and the Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ching Lu
- Division of Respiratory Therapy, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-T.T.); (W.C.); Tel.: +886-227361661 (Y.-T.T.); +886-5-2779365 (ext. 6172) (W.C.)
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-T.T.); (W.C.); Tel.: +886-227361661 (Y.-T.T.); +886-5-2779365 (ext. 6172) (W.C.)
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15
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Döhrmann M, Makhoul S, Gross K, Krause M, Pillitteri D, von Auer C, Walter U, Lutz J, Volf I, Kehrel BE, Jurk K. CD36-fibrin interaction propagates FXI-dependent thrombin generation of human platelets. FASEB J 2020; 34:9337-9357. [PMID: 32463151 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903189r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates blood and vascular cells in thrombo-inflammatory diseases. Platelets are amplifiers of thrombin formation when activated by leukocyte- and vascular cell-derived thrombin. CD36 on platelets acts as sensitizer for molecules with damage-associated molecular patterns, thereby increasing platelet reactivity. Here, we investigated the role of CD36 in thrombin-generation on human platelets, including selected patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Platelets deficient in CD36 or blocked by anti-CD36 antibody FA6.152 showed impaired thrombin generation triggered by thrombin in calibrated automated thrombography. Using platelets with congenital function defects, blocking antibodies, pharmacological inhibitors, and factor-depleted plasma, CD36-sensitive thrombin generation was dependent on FXI, fibrin, and platelet signaling via GPIbα and SFKs. CD36-deficiency or blocking suppressed thrombin-induced platelet αIIbβ3 activation, granule exocytosis, binding of adhesion proteins and FV, FVIII, FIX, FX, but not anionic phospholipid exposure determined by flow cytometry. CD36 ligated specifically soluble fibrin, which recruited distinct coagulation factors via thiols. Selected patients with CKD showed elevated soluble fibrin plasma levels and enhanced thrombin-induced thrombin generation, which was normalized by CD36 blocking. Thus, CD36 is an important amplifier of platelet-dependent thrombin generation when exposure of anionic phospholipids is limited. This pathway might contribute to hypercoagulability in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Döhrmann
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephanie Makhoul
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kathrin Gross
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manuela Krause
- Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik HELIOS Klinik, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | - Charis von Auer
- Third Department of Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Walter
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens Lutz
- Section of Nephrology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Medical Clinic, Section of Nephrology and Infectious Diseases, Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Ivo Volf
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beate E Kehrel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Experimental and Clinical Hemostasis, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Jurk
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Experimental and Clinical Hemostasis, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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16
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Abstract
Von Willebrand factor (VWF) and coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) circulate as a complex in plasma and have a major role in the hemostatic system. VWF has a dual role in hemostasis. It promotes platelet adhesion by anchoring the platelets to the subendothelial matrix of damaged vessels and it protects FVIII from proteolytic degradation. Moreover, VWF is an acute phase protein that has multiple roles in vascular inflammation and is massively secreted from Weibel-Palade bodies upon endothelial cell activation. Activated FVIII on the other hand, together with coagulation factor IX forms the tenase complex, an essential feature of the propagation phase of coagulation on the surface of activated platelets. VWF deficiency, either quantitative or qualitative, results in von Willebrand disease (VWD), the most common bleeding disorder. The deficiency of FVIII is responsible for Hemophilia A, an X-linked bleeding disorder. Here, we provide an overview on the role of the VWF-FVIII interaction in vascular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klytaimnistra Kiouptsi
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Building 708, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Building 708, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Mainz, Germany.
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17
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The Glycoprotein Ib-IX-V Complex. Platelets 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813456-6.00010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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18
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Binsker U, Kohler TP, Hammerschmidt S. Contribution of Human Thrombospondin-1 to the Pathogenesis of Gram-Positive Bacteria. J Innate Immun 2019; 11:303-315. [PMID: 30814475 PMCID: PMC6738282 DOI: 10.1159/000496033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful colonization of different compartments of the human host requires multifactorial contacts between bacterial surface proteins and host factors. Extracellular matrix proteins and matricellular proteins such as thrombospondin-1 play a pivotal role as adhesive substrates to ensure a strong interaction with pathobionts like the Gram-positive Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. The human glycoprotein thrombospondin-1 is a component of the extracellular matrix and is highly abundant in the bloodstream during bacteremia. Human platelets secrete thrombospondin-1, which is then acquired by invading pathogens to facilitate colonization and immune evasion. Gram-positive bacteria express a broad spectrum of surface-exposed proteins, some of which also recognize thrombospondin-1. This review highlights the importance of thrombospondin-1 as an adhesion substrate to facilitate colonization, and we summarize the variety of thrombospondin-1-binding proteins of S. pneumoniae and S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Binsker
- Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Langone Health, Alexandria Center for the Life Sciences, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Thomas P Kohler
- Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany,
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19
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Rogers NM, Ghimire K, Calzada MJ, Isenberg JS. Matricellular protein thrombospondin-1 in pulmonary hypertension: multiple pathways to disease. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:858-868. [PMID: 28472457 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins are secreted molecules that have affinities for both extracellular matrix and cell surface receptors. Through interaction with structural proteins and the cells that maintain the matrix these proteins can alter matrix strength. Matricellular proteins exert control on cell activity primarily through engagement of membrane receptors that mediate outside-in signaling. An example of this group is thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), first identified as a component of the secreted product of activated platelets. As a result, TSP1 was initially studied in relation to coagulation, growth factor signaling and angiogenesis. More recently, TSP1 has been found to alter the effects of the gaseous transmitter nitric oxide (NO). This latter capacity has provided motivation to study TSP1 in diseases associated with loss of NO signaling as observed in cardiovascular disease and pulmonary hypertension (PH). PH is characterized by progressive changes in the pulmonary vasculature leading to increased resistance to blood flow and subsequent right heart failure. Studies have linked TSP1 to pre-clinical animal models of PH and more recently to clinical PH. This review will provide analysis of the vascular and non-vascular effects of TSP1 that contribute to PH, the experimental and translational studies that support a role for TSP1 in disease promotion and frame the relevance of these findings to therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M Rogers
- Medicine, Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Kedar Ghimire
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Maria J Calzada
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Diego de León, Hospital Universitario of the Princesa, 62?28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeffrey S Isenberg
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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20
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Bongrazio M, Silva-Azevedo LDA, Bergmann E, Baum O, Hinz B, Pries A, Zakrzewicz A. Shear Stress Modulates the Expression of Thrombospondin-1 and CD36 in Endothelial Cells in vitro and during Shear Stress-Induced Angiogenesis in vivo. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/205873920601900104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) to the CD36 receptor inhibits angiogenesis and induces apoptosis in endothelial cells (EC). Conversely, matrix-bound TSP-1 supports vessel formation. In this study we analyzed the shear stress-dependent expression of TSP-1 and CD36 in endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo to reveal its putative role in the blood flow-induced remodelling of vascular networks. Shear stress was applied to EC using a cone-and-plate apparatus and gene expression was analyzed by RT-PCR, Northern and Western blot. Angiogenesis in skeletal muscles of prazosin-fed (50 mg/1 drinking water; 4 d) mice was assessed by measuring capillary-to-fiber (C/F) ratios. Protein expression in whole muscle homogenates (WMH) or BS-1 lectin-enriched EC fractions (ECF) was analyzed by Western blot. Shear stress down-regulated TSP-1 and CD36 expression in vitro in a force- and time-dependent manner sustained for at least 72 h and reversible by restoration of no-flow conditions. In vivo, shear stress-driven increase of C/F in prazosin-fed mice was associated with reduced expression of TSP-1 and CD36 in ECF, while TSP-1 expression in WMH was increased. Down-regulation of endothelial TSP-1/CD36 by shear stress suggests a mechanism for inhibition of apoptosis in perfused vessels and pruning in the absence of flow. The increase of extra-endothelial (e.g. matrix-bound) TSP-1 could support a splitting type of vessel growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bongrazio
- Department of Physiology, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - E.C. Bergmann
- Department of Physiology, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - O. Baum
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B. Hinz
- Department of Physiology, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A.R. Pries
- Department of Physiology, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Zakrzewicz
- Department of Physiology, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Hou Y, Zhou H, Wang Y, Marshall A, Liang C, Dai X, Li BX, Vanhoorelbeke K, Lei X, Reheman A, Ni H. Anfibatide, a novel GPIb complex antagonist, inhibits platelet adhesion and thrombus formation in vitro and in vivo in murine models of thrombosis. Thromb Haemost 2017; 111:279-89. [DOI: 10.1160/th13-06-0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SummaryPlatelet adhesion and aggregation at the sites of vascular injury are key events for thrombosis and haemostasis. It has been well demonstrated that interaction between glycoprotein (GP) Ib and von Willebrand factor (VWF) initiates platelet adhesion and contributes to platelet aggregation, particularly at high shear. GPIb has long been suggested as a desirable antithrombotic target, but anti-GPIb therapy has never been successfully developed. Here, we evaluated the antithrombotic potential of Anfibatide, a novel snake venom-derived GPIb antagonist. We found Anfibatide inhibited washed murine platelet aggregation induced by ristocetin and recombinant murine VWF. It also blocked botrocetin-induced binding of murine plasma VWF to recombinant human GPIb . Interestingly, Anfibatide did not inhibit botrocetin- induced aggregation of platelet-rich plasma, indicating that its binding site may differ from other snake venom-derived GPIb antagonists. Anfibatide strongly inhibited platelet adhesion, aggregation, and thrombus formation in perfusion chambers at high shear conditions and efficiently dissolved preformed thrombi. Anfibatide also inhibited thrombus growth at low shear conditions, though less than at high shear. Using intravital microscopy, we found that Anfibatide markedly inhibited thrombosis in laser-injured cremaster vessels and prevented vessel occlusion in FeCl3-injured mesenteric vessels. Importantly, Anfibatide further inhibited residual thrombosis in VWF-deficient mice, suggesting that Anfibatide has additional antithrombotic effect beyond its inhibitory role in GPIb-VWF interaction. Anfibatide did not significantly cause platelet activation, prolong tail bleeding time, or cause bleeding diathesis in mice. Thus, consistent with the data from an ongoing clinical trial, the data from this study suggests that Anfibatide is a potent and safe antithrombotic agent.
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22
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Prakash P, Nayak MK, Chauhan AK. P-selectin can promote thrombus propagation independently of both von Willebrand factor and thrombospondin-1 in mice. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:388-394. [PMID: 27943541 PMCID: PMC5305620 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Essentials The main receptor for platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ibα is von Willebrand factor (VWF). P-selectin and thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) have been suggested as counter receptors for GPIbα. In a laser injury model, P-selectin promotes thrombus propagation independently of VWF and TSP1. In a laser injury model, thrombus persists in interleukin-4 receptor α/GPIbα-transgenic mice. SUMMARY Background P-selectin and thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) have been suggested as counter ligands that may mediate GPIbα-dependent thrombus growth independently of von Willebrand factor (VWF) in vitro. However, residual thrombus formation still persists in Vwf -/- Tsp1-/- mice, suggesting existence of other mechanisms that modulate thrombus propagation. Objective We determined whether P-selectin modulates thrombus propagation in injured arterioles independently of TSP1 and VWF. Methods CD-62P blocking antibody in Vwf -/- Tsp1-/- mice was used to inhibit P-selectin. We determined thrombus growth kinetics in two models of thrombosis: FeCl3 injury-induced and laser injury-induced thrombosis. Results In a 10% FeCl3 injury-induced thrombosis model, the initial platelet adhesion, time to form first thrombus, and non-occlusive residual thrombus growth kinetics were comparable between P-selectin-blocking antibody-treated Vwf -/- Tsp1-/- mice and control IgG-treated Vwf -/- Tsp1-/- mice. On the other hand, in a laser injury-induced thrombosis model, residual thrombus growth kinetics were significantly decreased in P-selectin-blocking antibody-treated Vwf -/- Tsp1-/- mice vs. control IgG-treated Vwf -/- Tsp1-/- mice. Because P-selectin has been suggested as a counter ligand for platelet GPIbα, we determined the role of GPIbα in a laser injury-induced thrombosis model. Surprisingly, in a laser injury model, unlike in a FeCl3 injury model, thrombus formation was not completely inhibited in IL4Rα/GPIbα-tg mice. Residual thrombus growth kinetics were comparable between P-selectin-blocking antibody-treated IL4Rα/GPIbα-tg mice and control IgG-treated IL4Rα/GPIbα-tg mice. Comparison of slopes over time showed that residual thrombus growth kinetics were comparable in P-selectin-blocking antibody-treated Vwf -/- Tsp1-/- and control IgG-treated IL4Rα/GPIbα-tg mice Conclusion In a laser injury-induced thrombosis model, P-selectin modulates thrombus propagation independently of VWF and TSP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Prakash
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - M K Nayak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - A K Chauhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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23
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Development of a platelet adhesion transport equation for a computational thrombosis model. J Biomech 2016; 50:114-120. [PMID: 27855988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Thrombosis is a significant issue for cardiovascular device development and use. While thrombosis models are available, very few are device-related and none have been thoroughly validated experimentally. Here, we introduce a surface adherent platelet transport equation into a continuum model to account for the biomaterial interface/blood interaction. Using a rotating disc system and polyurethane-urea material, we characterize steady and pulsatile flow fields using laser Doppler velocimetry. In vitro measurements of platelet adhesion are used in combination with the LDV data to provide further experimental validation. The rotating disc system is computationally studied using the device-induced thrombosis model with the surface platelet adherent transport equation. The results indicate that the flow field is in excellent agreement to the experimental LDV data and that the platelet adhesion simulations are in good agreement with the in vitro platelet data. These results provide good evidence that this transport equation can be used to express the relationship between blood and a biomaterial if the correct platelet adhesion characteristics are known for the biomaterial. Further validation is necessary with other materials.
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24
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Xu XR, Carrim N, Neves MAD, McKeown T, Stratton TW, Coelho RMP, Lei X, Chen P, Xu J, Dai X, Li BX, Ni H. Platelets and platelet adhesion molecules: novel mechanisms of thrombosis and anti-thrombotic therapies. Thromb J 2016; 14:29. [PMID: 27766055 PMCID: PMC5056500 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-016-0100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are central mediators of thrombosis and hemostasis. At the site of vascular injury, platelet accumulation (i.e. adhesion and aggregation) constitutes the first wave of hemostasis. Blood coagulation, initiated by the coagulation cascades, is the second wave of thrombin generation and enhance phosphatidylserine exposure, can markedly potentiate cell-based thrombin generation and enhance blood coagulation. Recently, deposition of plasma fibronectin and other proteins onto the injured vessel wall has been identified as a new "protein wave of hemostasis" that occurs prior to platelet accumulation (i.e. the classical first wave of hemostasis). These three waves of hemostasis, in the event of atherosclerotic plaque rupture, may turn pathogenic, and cause uncontrolled vessel occlusion and thrombotic disorders (e.g. heart attack and stroke). Current anti-platelet therapies have significantly reduced cardiovascular mortality, however, on-treatment thrombotic events, thrombocytopenia, and bleeding complications are still major concerns that continue to motivate innovation and drive therapeutic advances. Emerging evidence has brought platelet adhesion molecules back into the spotlight as targets for the development of novel anti-thrombotic agents. These potential antiplatelet targets mainly include the platelet receptors glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V complex, β3 integrins (αIIb subunit and PSI domain of β3 subunit) and GPVI. Numerous efforts have been made aiming to balance the efficacy of inhibiting thrombosis without compromising hemostasis. This mini-review will update the mechanisms of thrombosis and the current state of antiplatelet therapies, and will focus on platelet adhesion molecules and the novel anti-thrombotic therapies that target them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Ruby Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Naadiya Carrim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
- Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Miguel Antonio Dias Neves
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Thomas McKeown
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Tyler W. Stratton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Rodrigo Matos Pinto Coelho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Xi Lei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Pingguo Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
- Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Jianhua Xu
- CCOA Therapeutics Inc, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Xiangrong Dai
- Lee’s Pharmaceutical holdings limited, Shatin Hong Kong, China
- Zhaoke Pharmaceutical co. limited, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Benjamin Xiaoyi Li
- Lee’s Pharmaceutical holdings limited, Shatin Hong Kong, China
- Zhaoke Pharmaceutical co. limited, Hefei, Anhui China
- Hong Kong University of Science and technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Heyu Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
- Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, ON Canada
- CCOA Therapeutics Inc, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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25
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Schaff M, Gachet C, Mangin PH. [Anti-platelets without a bleeding risk: novel targets and strategies]. Biol Aujourdhui 2016; 209:211-28. [PMID: 26820829 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2015023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Anti-platelet agents such as aspirin, clopidogrel and antagonists of integrin αIIbβ3 allowed to efficiently reduce morbidity and mortality associated with arterial thrombosis. A major limit of these drugs is that they increase the risk of bleeding. During the last few years, several innovative anti-thrombotic strategies with a potentially low bleeding risk were proposed. These approaches target the collagen receptor glycoprotein (GP) VI, the GPIb/von Willebrand factor axis, the thrombin receptor PAR-1, the activated form of integrin αIIbβ3 or the ADP receptor P2Y1. While an antagonist of PAR-1 was recently marketed, the clinical proofs of the efficiency and safety of the other agents remain to be established. This review evaluates these new anti-platelet approaches toward safer anti-thrombotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Schaff
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australie
| | - Christian Gachet
- UMR_S949, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Henri Mangin
- UMR_S949, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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26
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Maurer E, Schaff M, Receveur N, Bourdon C, Mercier L, Nieswandt B, Dubois C, Jandrot-Perrus M, Goetz JG, Lanza F, Gachet C, Mangin PH. Fibrillar cellular fibronectin supports efficient platelet aggregation and procoagulant activity. Thromb Haemost 2015; 114:1175-88. [PMID: 26245230 DOI: 10.1160/th14-11-0958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cellular fibronectin, found in the vessel wall in a fibrillar conformation, to regulate platelet functions and trigger thrombus formation remains largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated how parietal cellular fibronectin can modulate platelet responses under flow conditions. A fibrillar network was formed by mechanically stretching immobilised dimeric cellular fibronectin. Perfusion of anticoagulated whole blood over this surface resulted in efficient platelet adhesion and thrombus growth. The initial steps of platelet adhesion and activation, as evidenced by filopodia extension and an increase in intracellular calcium levels (419 ± 29 nmol/l), were dependent on integrins α5β1 and αIIbβ3. Subsequent thrombus growth was mediated by these integrins together with the GPIb-V-IX complex, GPVI and Toll-like receptor 4. The involvement of Toll-like receptor 4 could be conveyed via its binding to the EDA region of cellular fibronectin. Upon thrombus formation, the platelets became procoagulant and generated fibrin as revealed by video-microscopy. This work provides evidence that fibrillar cellular fibronectin is a strong thrombogenic surface which supports efficient platelet adhesion, activation, aggregation and procoagulant activity through the interplay of a series of receptors including integrins α5β1 and αIIbβ3, the GPIb-V-IX complex, GPVI and Toll-like receptor 4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pierre H Mangin
- Pierre H. Mangin, UMR_S949, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace (EFS-Alsace), 10, rue Spielmann, BP 36, F-67065 Strasbourg Cedex, France, Tel.: +33 3 88 21 25 25, Fax: +33 3 88 21 25 21, E-mail:
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27
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Jurk K. Analysis of platelet function and dysfunction. Hamostaseologie 2014; 35:60-72. [PMID: 25482925 DOI: 10.5482/hamo-14-09-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although platelets act as central players of haemostasis only their cross-talk with other blood cells, plasma factors and the vascular compartment enables the formation of a stable thrombus. Multiple activation processes and complex signalling networks are responsible for appropriate platelet function. Thus, a variety of platelet function tests are available for platelet research and diagnosis of platelet dysfunction. However, universal platelet function tests that are sensitive to all platelet function defects do not exist and therefore diagnostic algorithms for suspected platelet function disorders are still recommended in clinical practice. Based on the current knowledge of human platelet activation this review evaluates point-of-care related screening tests in comparison with specific platelet function assays and focuses on their diagnostic utility in relation to severity of platelet dysfunction. Further, systems biology-based platelet function methods that integrate global and specific analysis of platelet vessel wall interaction (advanced flow chamber devices) and post-translational modifications (platelet proteomics) are presented and their diagnostic potential is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jurk
- Priv.-Doz. Dr. rer. nat. Kerstin Jurk, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany, E-mail:
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28
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Abstract
Thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) has been suggested as a counter receptor to platelet glycoprotein Ibα that supports initial platelet adhesion in absence of von Willebrand factor (VWF). Conversely, several other studies have shown that TSP1 interacts with VWF and may play a mechanistic role in modulating thrombosis. However, the in vivo evidence to support this mechanism remains unclear. Using intravital microscopy, in a 10% FeCl3-induced thrombosis model, we report similar platelet adhesion in Tsp1(-/-)/Vwf(-/-) mice compared with littermate Vwf(-/-) mice, suggesting that TSP1 does not mediate initial platelet adhesion in the absence of VWF. Tsp1(-/-) mice exhibited prolonged occlusion time and a significant decrease in the rate of thrombus growth (P < .05 vs wild-type), but not in the initial platelet adhesion. Complete deficiency of VWF abrogated the rate of thrombus growth in Tsp1(-/-) mice; therefore, we generated Tsp1(-/-)/Vwf(+/-) mice to determine whether TSP1 modulates thrombus growth under conditions of partial VWF deficiency. Tsp1(-/-)/Vwf(+/-) mice exhibited delayed thrombus growth kinetics and prolonged occlusion time (P < .05 vs Vwf(+/-)). Finally, we demonstrate that platelet-derived TSP1 modulates arterial thrombosis in vivo. We conclude that TSP1 released from platelets plays a mechanistic role in modulating thrombosis in the presence of VWF.
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29
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Bryckaert M, Rosa JP, Denis CV, Lenting PJ. Of von Willebrand factor and platelets. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 72:307-26. [PMID: 25297919 PMCID: PMC4284388 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hemostasis and pathological thrombus formation are dynamic processes that require multiple adhesive receptor-ligand interactions, with blood platelets at the heart of such events. Many studies have contributed to shed light on the importance of von Willebrand factor (VWF) interaction with its platelet receptors, glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V and αIIbβ3 integrin, in promoting primary platelet adhesion and aggregation following vessel injury. This review will recapitulate our current knowledge on the subject from the rheological aspect to the spatio-temporal development of thrombus formation. We will also discuss the signaling events generated by VWF/GPIb-IX-V interaction, leading to platelet activation. Additionally, we will review the growing body of evidence gathered from the recent development of pathological mouse models suggesting that VWF binding to GPIb-IX-V is a promising target in arterial and venous pathological thrombosis. Finally, the pathological aspects of VWF and its impact on platelets will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke Bryckaert
- INSERM U770, Hôpital Bicêtre, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, 94276, Le Kremlin Bicêtre Cedex, France,
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30
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Identification of platelet function defects by multi-parameter assessment of thrombus formation. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4257. [PMID: 25027852 PMCID: PMC4109023 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Assays measuring platelet aggregation (thrombus formation) at arterial shear rate mostly use collagen as only platelet-adhesive surface. Here we report a multi-surface and multi-parameter flow assay to characterize thrombus formation in whole blood from healthy subjects and patients with platelet function deficiencies. A systematic comparison is made of 52 adhesive surfaces with components activating the main platelet-adhesive receptors, and of eight output parameters reflecting distinct stages of thrombus formation. Three types of thrombus formation can be identified with a predicted hierarchy of the following receptors: glycoprotein (GP)VI, C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2)>GPIb>α6β1, αIIbβ3>α2β1>CD36, α5β1, αvβ3. Application with patient blood reveals distinct abnormalities in thrombus formation in patients with severe combined immune deficiency, Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, May-Hegglin anomaly or grey platelet syndrome. We suggest this test may be useful for the diagnosis of patients with suspected bleeding disorders or a pro-thrombotic tendency.
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31
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Kuijpers MJ, de Witt S, Nergiz-Unal R, van Kruchten R, Korporaal SJ, Verhamme P, Febbraio M, Tjwa M, Voshol PJ, Hoylaerts MF, Cosemans JM, Heemskerk JW. Supporting Roles of Platelet Thrombospondin-1 and CD36 in Thrombus Formation on Collagen. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1187-92. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Platelets abundantly express the membrane receptor CD36 and store its ligand thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) in the α-granules. We investigated whether released TSP1 can support platelet adhesion and thrombus formation via interaction with CD36.
Approach and Results—
Mouse platelets deficient in CD36 showed reduced adhesion to TSP1 and subsequent phosphatidylserine expression. Deficiency in either CD36 or TSP1 resulted in markedly increased dissolution of thrombi formed on collagen, although thrombus buildup was unchanged. In mesenteric vessels in vivo, deficiency in CD36 prolonged the time to occlusion and enhanced embolization, which was in agreement with earlier observations in TSP1-deficient mice. Thrombi formed using wild-type blood stained positively for secreted TSP1. Releasate from wild-type but not from TSP1-deficient platelets enhanced platelet activation, phosphatidylserine expression, and thrombus formation on collagen. The enhancement was dependent on CD36 because it was without effect on thrombus formation by CD36-deficient platelets.
Conclusions—
These results demonstrate an anchoring role of platelet-released TSP1 via CD36 in platelet adhesion and collagen-dependent thrombus stabilization. Thus, the TSP1–CD36 tandem is another platelet ligand–receptor axis contributing to the maintenance of a stable thrombus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke J.E. Kuijpers
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.E.K., S.d.W., R.N.-U., R.v.K., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.); Department of Vascular Hematology/Angiogenesis (M.T.), Department of Metabolic Research (P.J.V.), and Department of Biopharmaceutics (S.J.A.K.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical
| | - Susanne de Witt
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.E.K., S.d.W., R.N.-U., R.v.K., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.); Department of Vascular Hematology/Angiogenesis (M.T.), Department of Metabolic Research (P.J.V.), and Department of Biopharmaceutics (S.J.A.K.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical
| | - Reyhan Nergiz-Unal
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.E.K., S.d.W., R.N.-U., R.v.K., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.); Department of Vascular Hematology/Angiogenesis (M.T.), Department of Metabolic Research (P.J.V.), and Department of Biopharmaceutics (S.J.A.K.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical
| | - Roger van Kruchten
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.E.K., S.d.W., R.N.-U., R.v.K., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.); Department of Vascular Hematology/Angiogenesis (M.T.), Department of Metabolic Research (P.J.V.), and Department of Biopharmaceutics (S.J.A.K.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical
| | - Suzanne J.A. Korporaal
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.E.K., S.d.W., R.N.-U., R.v.K., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.); Department of Vascular Hematology/Angiogenesis (M.T.), Department of Metabolic Research (P.J.V.), and Department of Biopharmaceutics (S.J.A.K.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical
| | - Peter Verhamme
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.E.K., S.d.W., R.N.-U., R.v.K., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.); Department of Vascular Hematology/Angiogenesis (M.T.), Department of Metabolic Research (P.J.V.), and Department of Biopharmaceutics (S.J.A.K.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical
| | - Maria Febbraio
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.E.K., S.d.W., R.N.-U., R.v.K., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.); Department of Vascular Hematology/Angiogenesis (M.T.), Department of Metabolic Research (P.J.V.), and Department of Biopharmaceutics (S.J.A.K.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical
| | - Marc Tjwa
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.E.K., S.d.W., R.N.-U., R.v.K., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.); Department of Vascular Hematology/Angiogenesis (M.T.), Department of Metabolic Research (P.J.V.), and Department of Biopharmaceutics (S.J.A.K.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical
| | - Peter J. Voshol
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.E.K., S.d.W., R.N.-U., R.v.K., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.); Department of Vascular Hematology/Angiogenesis (M.T.), Department of Metabolic Research (P.J.V.), and Department of Biopharmaceutics (S.J.A.K.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical
| | - Marc F. Hoylaerts
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.E.K., S.d.W., R.N.-U., R.v.K., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.); Department of Vascular Hematology/Angiogenesis (M.T.), Department of Metabolic Research (P.J.V.), and Department of Biopharmaceutics (S.J.A.K.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical
| | - Judith M.E.M. Cosemans
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.E.K., S.d.W., R.N.-U., R.v.K., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.); Department of Vascular Hematology/Angiogenesis (M.T.), Department of Metabolic Research (P.J.V.), and Department of Biopharmaceutics (S.J.A.K.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical
| | - Johan W.M. Heemskerk
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.E.K., S.d.W., R.N.-U., R.v.K., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.); Department of Vascular Hematology/Angiogenesis (M.T.), Department of Metabolic Research (P.J.V.), and Department of Biopharmaceutics (S.J.A.K.), Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical
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Navdaev A, Subramanian H, Petunin A, Clemetson KJ, Gambaryan S, Walter U. Echicetin coated polystyrene beads: a novel tool to investigate GPIb-specific platelet activation and aggregation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93569. [PMID: 24705415 PMCID: PMC3976279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
von Willebrand factor/ristocetin (vWF/R) induces GPIb-dependent platelet agglutination and activation of αIIbβ3 integrin, which also binds vWF. These conditions make it difficult to investigate GPIb-specific signaling pathways in washed platelets. Here, we investigated the specific mechanisms of GPIb signaling using echicetin-coated polystyrene beads, which specifically activate GPIb. We compared platelet activation induced by echicetin beads to vWF/R. Human platelets were stimulated with polystyrene beads coated with increasing amounts of echicetin and platelet activation by echicetin beads was then investigated to reveal GPIb specific signaling. Echicetin beads induced αIIbβ3-dependent aggregation of washed platelets, while under the same conditions vWF/R treatment led only to αIIbβ3-independent platelet agglutination. The average distance between the echicetin molecules on the polystyrene beads must be less than 7 nm for full platelet activation, while the total amount of echicetin used for activation is not critical. Echicetin beads induced strong phosphorylation of several proteins including p38, ERK and PKB. Synergistic signaling via P2Y12 and thromboxane receptor through secreted ADP and TxA2, respectively, were important for echicetin bead triggered platelet activation. Activation of PKG by the NO/sGC/cGMP pathway inhibited echicetin bead-induced platelet aggregation. Echicetin-coated beads are powerful and reliable tools to study signaling in human platelets activated solely via GPIb and GPIb-triggered pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Navdaev
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Hariharan Subramanian
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Alexey Petunin
- Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | | | - Stepan Gambaryan
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ulrich Walter
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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33
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Gardiner EE, Andrews RK. Structure and function of platelet receptors initiating blood clotting. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 844:263-75. [PMID: 25480646 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2095-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
At the clinical level, recent studies reveal the link between coagulation and other pathophysiological processes, including platelet activation, inflammation, cancer, the immune response, and/or infectious diseases. These links are likely to underpin the coagulopathy associated with risk factors for venous thromboembolic (VTE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). At the molecular level, the interactions between platelet-specific receptors and coagulation factors could help explain coagulopathy associated with aberrant platelet function, as well as revealing new approaches targeting platelet receptors in diagnosis or treatment of VTE or DVT. Glycoprotein (GP)Ibα, the major ligand-binding subunit of the platelet GPIb-IX-V complex, that binds the adhesive ligand, von Willebrand factor (VWF), is co-associated with the platelet-specific collagen receptor, GPVI. The GPIb-IX-V/GPVI adheso-signaling complex not only initiates platelet activation and aggregation (thrombus formation) in response to vascular injury or disease but GPIbα also regulates coagulation through a specific interaction with thrombin and other coagulation factors. Here, we discuss the structure and function of key platelet receptors involved in thrombus formation and coagulation in health and disease, with a particular focus on platelet GPIbα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Gardiner
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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34
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Highly sensitive and quantitative human thrombospondin-1 detection by an M55 aptasensor and clinical validation in patients with atherosclerotic disease. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 55:405-11. [PMID: 24434496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Aptamer-based biosensors (aptasensor) are powerful tools for rapid and sensitive biomarker detection. In this study, we report a DNA aptamer probe evolved from cell-SELEX that can recognize thrombospondin-1 protein in human plasma samples. The KD value of the aptamer M55 binding to thrombospondin-1 was determined as 0.5 ± 0.2 μM with an R(2) of 0.9144. A horseradish peroxidase-linked short oligo was complementarily bound onto the 3' end of the aptamer sequence to facilitate the 'smart' design of an M55-aptasensor for quantifying thrombospondin-1 protein in plasma samples. The limit of detection was 6.96 fM. Thrombospondin-1 is a glycoprotein with multiple biological functions, including inflammation, platelet aggregation and endothelial cell apoptosis, and is involved in the pathology of atherosclerosis. In total, 118 plasma subjects were analyzed by using the aptasensor measurement with 1 μL sample volume and 5 min incubation time. The thrombospondin-1 concentrations in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction patients with severe atherosclerotic plaque burden were statistically significantly higher than in the healthy volunteers without atherosclerosis conditions, suggesting that thromboposnidn-1 is a potential plasma biomarker for atherosclerosis progression.
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Schaff M, Tang C, Maurer E, Bourdon C, Receveur N, Eckly A, Hechler B, Arnold C, de Arcangelis A, Nieswandt B, Denis CV, Lefebvre O, Georges-Labouesse E, Gachet C, Lanza F, Mangin PH. Integrin α6β1 is the main receptor for vascular laminins and plays a role in platelet adhesion, activation, and arterial thrombosis. Circulation 2013; 128:541-52. [PMID: 23797810 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.000799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laminins are major components of basement membranes, well located to interact with platelets upon vascular injury. Laminin-111 (α1β1γ1) is known to support platelet adhesion but is absent from most blood vessels, which contain isoforms with the α2, α4, or α5 chain. Whether vascular laminins support platelet adhesion and activation and the significance of these interactions in hemostasis and thrombosis remain unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Using an in vitro flow assay, we show that laminin-411 (α4β1γ1), laminin-511 (α5β1γ1), and laminin-521 (α5β2γ1), but not laminin-211 (α2β1γ1), allow efficient platelet adhesion and activation across a wide range of arterial wall shear rates. Adhesion was critically dependent on integrin α6β1 and the glycoprotein Ib-IX complex, which binds to plasmatic von Willebrand factor adsorbed on laminins. Glycoprotein VI did not participate in the adhesive process but mediated platelet activation induced by α5-containing laminins. To address the significance of platelet/laminin interactions in vivo, we developed a platelet-specific knockout of integrin α6. Platelets from these mice failed to adhere to laminin-411, laminin-511, and laminin-521 but responded normally to a series of agonists. α6β1-Deficient mice presented a marked decrease in arterial thrombosis in 3 models of injury of the carotid, aorta, and mesenteric arterioles. The tail bleeding time and blood loss remained unaltered, indicating normal hemostasis. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals an unsuspected important contribution of laminins to thrombus formation in vivo and suggests that targeting their main receptor, integrin α6β1, could represent an alternative antithrombotic strategy with a potentially low bleeding risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Schaff
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S949, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Strasbourg, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Alsace, Strasbourg, France
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Cosemans JMEM, Angelillo-Scherrer A, Mattheij NJA, Heemskerk JWM. The effects of arterial flow on platelet activation, thrombus growth, and stabilization. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 99:342-52. [PMID: 23667186 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury of an arterial vessel wall acutely triggers a multifaceted process of thrombus formation, which is dictated by the high-shear flow conditions in the artery. In this overview, we describe how the classical concept of arterial thrombus formation and vascular occlusion, driven by platelet activation and fibrin formation, can be extended and fine-tuned. This has become possible because of recent insight into the mechanisms of: (i) platelet-vessel wall and platelet-platelet communication, (ii) autocrine platelet activation, and (iii) platelet-coagulation interactions, in relation to blood flow dynamics. We list over 40 studies with genetically modified mice showing a role of platelet and plasma proteins in the control of thrombus stability after vascular injury. These include multiple platelet adhesive receptors and other junctional molecules, components of the ADP receptor signalling cascade to integrin activation, proteins controlling platelet shape, and autocrine activation processes, as well as multiple plasma proteins binding to platelets and proteins of the intrinsic coagulation cascade. Regulatory roles herein of the endothelium and other blood cells are recapitulated as well. Patient studies support the contribution of platelet- and coagulation activation in the regulation of thrombus stability. Analysis of the factors determining flow-dependent thrombus stabilization and embolus formation in mice will help to understand the regulation of this process in human arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M E M Cosemans
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht , Maastricht University, PO Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
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E. Kehrel B, F. Brodde M. State of the art in platelet function testing. Transfus Med Hemother 2013; 40:73-86. [PMID: 23653569 PMCID: PMC3638976 DOI: 10.1159/000350469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets perform many functions in hemostasis but also in other areas of physiology and pathology. Therefore, it is obvious that many different function tests have been developed, each one conceived and standardized for a special purpose. This review will summarize the different fields in which platelet function testing is currently in use; diagnostics of patients with bleeding disorders, monitoring patients' response to anti-platelet therapy, monitoring in transfusion medicine (blood donors, platelet concentrates, and after transfusion), and monitoring in perioperative medicine to predict bleeding tendency. The second part of the review outlines different methods for platelet function testing, spanning bleeding time, and platelet counting as well as determining platelet adhesion, platelet secretion, platelet aggregation, platelet morphology, platelet signal transduction, platelet procoagulant activity, platelet apoptosis, platelet proteomics, and molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate E. Kehrel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Experimental and Clinical Hemostasis, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Martin F. Brodde
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Experimental and Clinical Hemostasis, University of Münster, Germany
- OxProtect GmbH, Münster, Germany
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Abstract
Rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque exposes a thrombogenic matrix, which instantly triggers platelet tethering and activation. We here delineate the sequence of events during arterial thrombus formation and dissect the specific role of the various platelet receptors in this process. We also discuss the interplay of platelets with circulating immune cells, which support arterial thrombosis by fibrin formation in a process that involves extracellular nucleosomes. In the second part of this chapter we describe the role of platelets in atherosclerotic lesion formation. Platelets adhere to the dysfunctional endothelium early during atherogenesis. They contain a large machinery of proinflammatory molecules, which can be released upon their activation. This prepares the ground for subsequent leukocyte recruitment and infiltration, and boosts the inflammatory process of the arterial wall. Together, platelets play a critical role in both acute and chronic processes of the vascular wall, which makes them an attractive target for pharmacological strategies to treat arterial thrombosis and, potentially, also atheroprogression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schulz
- Deutsches Herzzentrum and I. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany.
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Abstract
Hemostasis encompasses the tightly regulated processes of blood clotting, platelet activation, and vascular repair. After wounding, the hemostatic system engages a plethora of vascular and extravascular receptors that act in concert with blood components to seal off the damage inflicted to the vasculature and the surrounding tissue. The first important component that contributes to hemostasis is the coagulation system, while the second important component starts with platelet activation, which not only contributes to the hemostatic plug, but also accelerates the coagulation system. Eventually, coagulation and platelet activation are switched off by blood-borne inhibitors and proteolytic feedback loops. This review summarizes new concepts of activation of proteases that regulate coagulation and anticoagulation, to give rise to transient thrombin generation and fibrin clot formation. It further speculates on the (patho)physiological roles of intra- and extravascular receptors that operate in response to these proteases. Furthermore, this review provides a new framework for understanding how signaling and adhesive interactions between endothelial cells, leukocytes, and platelets can regulate thrombus formation and modulate the coagulation process. Now that the key molecular players of coagulation and platelet activation have become clear, and their complex interactions with the vessel wall have been mapped out, we can also better speculate on the causes of thrombosis-related angiopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri H. Versteeg
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and Department of Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W. M. Heemskerk
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and Department of Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Levi
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and Department of Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter H. Reitsma
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and Department of Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Abstract
Review on platelet function in inflammation and atherosclerosis.
Platelets play a crucial role in the physiology of the primary hemostasis and in the pathophysiological activity of arterial thrombosis, provide rapid protection against bleeding, and catalyze the formation of stable blood clots via the coagulation cascade. Over the past years, it has become clear that platelets are important, not only in hemostasis and thrombosis but also in inflammation and in distinct aspects of atherosclerosis. Nowadays, platelets are known to have a large variety of functions. Platelets are able to interact with a large variety of cell types, such as leukocytes, endothelial cells, and SMCs, and these interactions have been implicated in the pathophysiology of vascular inflammation. In addition, platelets carry a highly inflammatory payload and are able to transport, synthesize, and deposit cytokines, chemokines, and lipid mediators, thereby initiating and propagating atherosclerotic disease. In this review, the current state of the art of the proinflammatory functions in the context of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease will be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Projahn
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Clinic of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich , Munich, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University , Aachen, Germany
| | - Rory R Koenen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Clinic of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich , Munich, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht , The Netherlands
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Ferroni P, Vazzana N, Riondino S, Cuccurullo C, Guadagni F, Davì G. Platelet function in health and disease: from molecular mechanisms, redox considerations to novel therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:1447-85. [PMID: 22458931 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress appears to be of fundamental importance in the pathogenesis and development of several disease processes. Indeed, it is well known that reactive oxygen species (ROS) exert critical regulatory functions within the vascular wall, and it is, therefore, plausible that platelets represent a relevant target for their action. Platelet activation cascade (including receptor-mediated tethering to the endothelium, rolling, firm adhesion, aggregation, and thrombus formation) is tightly regulated. In addition to already well-defined platelet regulatory factors, ROS may participate in the regulation of platelet activation. It is already established that enhanced ROS release from the vascular wall can indirectly affect platelet activity by scavenging nitric oxide (NO), thereby decreasing the antiplatelet properties of endothelium. On the other hand, recent data suggest that platelets themselves generate ROS, which may evoke pro-thrombotic responses, triggering many biological processes participating in atherosclerosis initiation, progression, and complication. That oxidative stress may alter platelet function is conceivable when considering that antioxidants play a role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease, although the precise mechanism accounting for changes attributable to antioxidants in atherosclerosis remains unknown. It is possible that the effects of antioxidants may be a consequence of their enhancing or promoting the antiplatelet effects of NO derived from both endothelial cells and platelets. This review focuses on current knowledge regarding ROS-dependent regulation of platelet function in health and disease, and summarizes in vitro and in vivo evidence for their physiological and potential therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ferroni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
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Horn M, Bertling A, Brodde MF, Müller A, Roth J, Van Aken H, Jurk K, Heilmann C, Peters G, Kehrel BE. Human neutrophil alpha-defensins induce formation of fibrinogen and thrombospondin-1 amyloid-like structures and activate platelets via glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:647-61. [PMID: 22268819 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04640.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human neutrophil α-defensins (HNPs) are important constituents of the innate immune system. Beyond their antimicrobial properties, HNPs also have pro-inflammatory features. While HNPs in plasma from healthy individuals are barely detectable, their level is strongly elevated in septic plasma and plasma from patients with acute coronary syndromes. OBJECTIVES As thrombosis and inflammation are intertwined processes and activation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and subsequent degranulation is associated with full activation of surrounding platelets, we studied the effect of HNPs on platelet function. METHODS The effect of HNPs on platelet activation parameters and apoptosis was investigated via aggregometry, flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and the ELISA technique. RESULTS It was found that HNPs activate platelets in pathophysiologically relevant doses, inducing fibrinogen and thrombospondin-1 binding, aggregation, granule secretion, sCD40L shedding, and procoagulant activity. HNPs bound directly to the platelet membrane, induced membrane pore formation, microparticle formation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and caspase-3-activity. Confocal microscopy revealed the HNP-induced formation of polymeric fibrinogen and thrombospondin-1 amyloid-like structures, which bound microorganisms. Platelets adhered to these structures and formed aggregates. Blocking of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) markedly inhibited HNP-induced platelet activation. In addition, heparin, heparinoid, serpins and α(2)-macroglobulin, which all bind to HNPs, blocked HNP-1-induced platelet activation in contrast to direct thrombin inhibitors such as hirudin. CONCLUSIONS HNPs activate platelets and induce platelet apoptosis by formation of amyloid-like proteins. As these structures entrapped bacteria and fungi, they might reflect an additional function of HNPs in host defense. The described mechanism links again thrombosis and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Horn
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Experimental and Clinical Haemostasis, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Goggs R, Poole AW. Platelet signaling-a primer. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2012; 22:5-29. [PMID: 22316389 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2011.00704.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the receptors and signal transduction pathways involved in platelet plug formation and to highlight links between platelets, leukocytes, endothelium, and the coagulation system. DATA SOURCES Original studies, review articles, and book chapters in the human and veterinary medical fields. DATA SYNTHESIS Platelets express numerous surface receptors. Critical among these are glycoprotein VI, the glycoprotein Ib-IX-V complex, integrin α(IIb) β(3) , and the G-protein-coupled receptors for thrombin, ADP, and thromboxane. Activation of these receptors leads to various important functional events, in particular activation of the principal adhesion receptor α(IIb) β(3) . Integrin activation allows binding of ligands such as fibrinogen, mediating platelet-platelet interaction in the process of aggregation. Signals activated by these receptors also couple to 3 other important functional events, secretion of granule contents, change in cell shape through cytoskeletal rearrangement, and procoagulant membrane expression. These processes generate a stable thrombus to limit blood loss and promote restoration of endothelial integrity. CONCLUSIONS Improvements in our understanding of how platelets operate through their signaling networks are critical for diagnosis of unusual primary hemostatic disorders and for rational antithrombotic drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Goggs
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, UK.
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Abstract
Platelets have attracted a growing interest among basic scientists and clinicians, as they have been shown to play an important role in many physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Beyond hemostasis, platelets participate in wound healing, inflammation, infectious diseases, maintenance of the endothelial barrier function, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis. Over the last 50 years enormous progress has been made in our understanding of the role of platelets in hemostasis. Platelets circulate in blood in a resting state, but they are able to react immediately upon a vessel wall injury by adhering to the exposed collagen, followed by platelet-platelet interaction to form a plug that effectively seals the injured vessel wall to prevent excessive blood loss. Comparable events will take place on a rupturing atherosclerotic plaque, which may result in a platelet-rich thrombus. This chapter will address the molecular basis of platelet adhesion and aggregation, the regulation of platelet function and the interaction of primary and secondary hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip G de Groot
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology (G03.550), University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Nergiz-Unal R, Lamers MME, Van Kruchten R, Luiken JJ, Cosemans JMEM, Glatz JFC, Kuijpers MJE, Heemskerk JWM. Signaling role of CD36 in platelet activation and thrombus formation on immobilized thrombospondin or oxidized low-density lipoprotein. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:1835-46. [PMID: 21696539 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04416.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Platelets abundantly express glycoprotein CD36 with thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) as proposed ligands. How these agents promote platelet activation is still poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS Both TSP1 and oxLDL caused limited activation of platelets in suspension. However, immobilized TSP1 and oxLDL, but not LDL, strongly supported platelet adhesion and spreading with a major role of CD36. Platelet spreading was accompanied by potent Ca(2+) rises, and resulted in exposure of P-selectin and integrin activation, all in a CD36-dependent manner with additional contributions of α(IIb) β(3) and ADP receptor stimulation. Signaling responses via CD36 involved activation of the protein tyrosine kinase Syk. In whole blood perfusion, co-coating of TSP1 or oxLDL with collagen enhanced thrombus formation at high-shear flow conditions, with increased expression on platelets of activated α(IIb) β(3), P-selectin and phosphatidylserine, again in a CD36-dependent way. CONCLUSIONS Immobilized TSP1 and oxLDL activate platelets partly via CD36 through a Syk kinase-dependent Ca(2+) signaling mechanism, which enhances collagen-dependent thrombus formation under flow. These findings provide novel insight into the role of CD36 in hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nergiz-Unal
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Sammartino G, Dohan Ehrenfest DM, Carile F, Tia M, Bucci P. Prevention of hemorrhagic complications after dental extractions into open heart surgery patients under anticoagulant therapy: the use of leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2011; 37:681-90. [PMID: 21718187 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-11-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) is a biomaterial commonly used in periodontology and implant dentistry to improve healing and tissue regeneration, particularly as filling material in alveolar sockets to regenerate bone for optimal dental implant placement. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of L-PRF as a safe filling and hemostatic material after dental extractions (or avulsions) for the prevention of hemorrhagic complications in heart surgery patients without modification of the anticoagulant oral therapy. Fifty heart surgery patients under oral anticoagulant therapy who needed dental extractions were selected for the study. Patients were treated with L-PRF clots placed into 168 postextraction sockets without modification of anticoagulant therapy (mean international normalized ratio = 3.16 ± 0.39). Only 2 patients reported hemorrhagic complications (4%), all of which resolved a few hours after the surgery by compression and hemostatic topical agents. Ten patients (20%) showed mild bleeding, which spontaneously resolved or was resolved by minimal compression less than 2 hours after surgery. No case of delayed bleeding was reported. The remaining 38 patients (76%) showed an adequate hemostasis after the dental extractions. In all cases, no alveolitis or painful events were reported, soft tissue healing was quick, and wound closure was always complete at the time of suture removal one week after surgery. The proposed protocol is a reliable therapeutic option to avoid significant bleeding after dental extractions without the suspension of the continuous oral anticoagulant therapy in heart surgery patients. Other applications of the hemostatic and healing properties of L-PRF should be investigated in oral implantology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Sammartino
- Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Martin-Manso G, Calzada MJ, Chuman Y, Sipes JM, Xavier CP, Wolf V, Kuznetsova SA, Rubin JS, Roberts DD. sFRP-1 binds via its netrin-related motif to the N-module of thrombospondin-1 and blocks thrombospondin-1 stimulation of MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cell adhesion and migration. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 509:147-56. [PMID: 21402050 PMCID: PMC3085965 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related protein (sFRP)-1 is a Wnt antagonist that inhibits breast carcinoma cell motility, whereas the secreted glycoprotein thrombospondin-1 stimulates adhesion and motility of the same cells. We examined whether thrombospondin-1 and sFRP-1 interact directly or indirectly to modulate cell behavior. Thrombospondin-1 bound sFRP-1 with an apparent K(d)=48nM and the related sFRP-2 with a K(d)=95nM. Thrombospondin-1 did not bind to the more distantly related sFRP-3. The association of thrombospondin-1 and sFRP-1 is primarily mediated by the amino-terminal N-module of thrombospondin-1 and the netrin domain of sFRP-1. sFRP-1 inhibited α3β1 integrin-mediated adhesion of MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells to a surface coated with thrombospondin-1 or recombinant N-module, but not adhesion of the cells on immobilized fibronectin or type I collagen. sFRP-1 also inhibited thrombospondin-1-mediated migration of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast carcinoma cells. Although sFRP-2 binds similarly to thrombospondin-1, it did not inhibit thrombospondin-1-stimulated adhesion. Thus, sFRP-1 binds to thrombospondin-1 and antagonizes stimulatory effects of thrombospondin-1 on breast carcinoma cell adhesion and motility. These results demonstrate that sFRP-1 can modulate breast cancer cell responses by interacting with thrombospondin-1 in addition to its known effects on Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Martin-Manso
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Maria J. Calzada
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Yoshiro Chuman
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - John M. Sipes
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Charles P. Xavier
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Vladimir Wolf
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Svetlana A. Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Jeffrey S. Rubin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - David D. Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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van Schie MC, van Loon JE, de Maat MPM, Leebeek FWG. Genetic determinants of von Willebrand factor levels and activity in relation to the risk of cardiovascular disease: a review. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:899-908. [PMID: 21342431 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that high plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) levels are associated with an increased risk of arterial thrombosis, including myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. As plasma VWF levels are, to a large extent, genetically determined, numerous association studies have been performed to assess the effect of genetic variability in the VWF gene (VWF) on VWF antigen and activity levels, and on the risk of arterial thrombosis. Genetic variations in other regulators of VWF, including the ABO blood group, ADAMTS-13, thrombospondin-1 and the recently identified SNARE protein genes, have also been investigated. In this article, we review the current literature as exploring the associations between genetic variations and the risk of arterial thrombosis may help elucidate the role of VWF in the pathogenesis of arterial thrombosis. However, as studies frequently differ in design, population and endpoint, and are often underpowered, it remains unclear whether VWF is causally related to the occurrence of arterial thrombosis or primarily mirrors endothelial dysfunction, which predisposes to atherosclerosis and subsequent arterial thrombosis. Nevertheless, current studies provide interesting results that do not exclude the possibility of VWF as causal mediator and justify further research into the relationship between VWF and arterial thrombosis. Large prospective studies are required to further establish the role of VWF in the occurrence of arterial thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C van Schie
- Department of Haematology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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