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Li F, He Z, Lu Y, Zhou J, Cao H, Zhang X, Ji H, Lv K, Yu D, Yu M. Identification of relevant differential genes to the divergent development of pectoral muscle in ducks by transcriptomic analysis. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:1345-1354. [PMID: 38575126 PMCID: PMC11222850 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify candidate genes that play important roles in skeletal muscle development in ducks. METHODS In this study, we investigated the transcriptional sequencing of embryonic pectoral muscles from two specialized lines: Liancheng white ducks (female) and Cherry valley ducks (male) hybrid Line A (LCA) and Line C (LCC) ducks. In addition, prediction of target genes for the differentially expressed mRNAs was conducted and the enriched gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes signaling pathways were further analyzed. Finally, a protein-to-protein interaction network was analyzed by using the target genes to gain insights into their potential functional association. RESULTS A total of 1,428 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with 762 being up-regulated genes and 666 being down-regulated genes in pectoral muscle of LCA and LCC ducks identified by RNA-seq (p<0.05). Meanwhile, 23 GO terms in the down-regulated genes and 75 GO terms in up-regulated genes were significantly enriched (p<0.05). Furthermore, the top 5 most enriched pathways were ECM-receptor interaction, fatty acid degradation, pyruvate degradation, PPAR signaling pathway, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Finally, the candidate genes including integrin b3 (Itgb3), pyruvate kinase M1/2 (Pkm), insulinlike growth factor 1 (Igf1), glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Gpi), GABA type A receptorassociated protein-like 1 (Gabarapl1), and thyroid hormone receptor beta (Thrb) showed the most expression difference, and then were selected to verification by quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The result of qRT-PCR was consistent with that of transcriptome sequencing. CONCLUSION This study provided information of molecular mechanisms underlying the developmental differences in skeletal muscles between specialized duck lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095,
China
| | - Zongliang He
- Nanjing Institute of Animal Husbandry and Poultry Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210036,
China
| | - Yinglin Lu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095,
China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095,
China
| | - Heng Cao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095,
China
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095,
China
| | - Hongjie Ji
- Nanjing Institute of Animal Husbandry and Poultry Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210036,
China
| | - Kunpeng Lv
- Nanjing Institute of Animal Husbandry and Poultry Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210036,
China
| | - Debing Yu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095,
China
| | - Minli Yu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095,
China
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Kanaan MN, Pileggi CA, Karam CY, Kennedy LS, Fong-McMaster C, Cuperlovic-Culf M, Harper ME. Cystine/glutamate antiporter xCT controls skeletal muscle glutathione redox, bioenergetics and differentiation. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103213. [PMID: 38815331 PMCID: PMC11167394 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cysteine, the rate-controlling amino acid in cellular glutathione synthesis is imported as cystine, by the cystine/glutamate antiporter, xCT, and subsequently reduced to cysteine. As glutathione redox is important in muscle regeneration in aging, we hypothesized that xCT exerts upstream control over skeletal muscle glutathione redox, metabolism and regeneration. Bioinformatic analyses of publicly available datasets revealed that expression levels of xCT and GSH-related genes are inversely correlated with myogenic differentiation genes. Muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) isolated from Slc7a11sut/sut mice, which harbour a mutation in the Slc7a11 gene encoding xCT, required media supplementation with 2-mercaptoethanol to support cell proliferation but not myotube differentiation, despite persistently lower GSH. Slc7a11sut/sut primary myotubes were larger compared to WT myotubes, and also exhibited higher glucose uptake and cellular oxidative capacities. Immunostaining of myogenic markers (Pax7, MyoD, and myogenin) in cardiotoxin-damaged tibialis anterior muscle fibres revealed greater MuSC activation and commitment to differentiation in Slc7a11sut/sut muscle compared to WT mice, culminating in larger myofiber cross-sectional areas at 21 days post-injury. Slc7a11sut/sut mice subjected to a 5-week exercise training protocol demonstrated enhanced insulin tolerance compared to WT mice, but blunted muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration in response to exercise training. Our results demonstrate that the absence of xCT inhibits cell proliferation but promotes myotube differentiation by regulating cellular metabolism and glutathione redox. Altogether, these results support the notion that myogenesis is a redox-regulated process and may help inform novel therapeutic approaches for muscle wasting and dysfunction in aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel N Kanaan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Dr. Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease (CNMD), University of Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Chantal A Pileggi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Charbel Y Karam
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Luke S Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Claire Fong-McMaster
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Miroslava Cuperlovic-Culf
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; National Research Council of Canada, Digital Technologies Research Centre, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Endo Y, Samandari M, Karvar M, Mostafavi A, Quint J, Rinoldi C, Yazdi IK, Swieszkowski W, Mauney J, Agarwal S, Tamayol A, Sinha I. Aerobic exercise and scaffolds with hierarchical porosity synergistically promote functional recovery post volumetric muscle loss. Biomaterials 2023; 296:122058. [PMID: 36841214 PMCID: PMC10085854 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML), which refers to a composite skeletal muscle defect, most commonly heals by scarring and minimal muscle regeneration but substantial fibrosis. Current surgical interventions and physical therapy techniques are limited in restoring muscle function following VML. Novel tissue engineering strategies may offer an option to promote functional muscle recovery. The present study evaluates a colloidal scaffold with hierarchical porosity and controlled mechanical properties for the treatment of VML. In addition, as VML results in an acute decrease in insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a myogenic factor, the scaffold was designed to slowly release IGF-1 following implantation. The foam-like scaffold is directly crosslinked onto remnant muscle without the need for suturing. In situ 3D printing of IGF-1-releasing porous muscle scaffold onto VML injuries resulted in robust tissue ingrowth, improved muscle repair, and increased muscle strength in a murine VML model. Histological analysis confirmed regeneration of new muscle in the engineered scaffolds. In addition, the scaffolds significantly reduced fibrosis and increased the expression of neuromuscular junctions in the newly regenerated tissue. Exercise training, when combined with the engineered scaffolds, augmented the treatment outcome in a synergistic fashion. These data suggest highly porous scaffolds and exercise therapy, in combination, may be a treatment option following VML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yori Endo
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mohamadmahdi Samandari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Mehran Karvar
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Azadeh Mostafavi
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Jacob Quint
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Chiara Rinoldi
- Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, 02-507, Poland
| | - Iman K Yazdi
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wojciech Swieszkowski
- Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, 02-507, Poland
| | - Joshua Mauney
- Department of Urology and Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Shailesh Agarwal
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06269, USA; Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Rose N, Estrada Chavez B, Sonam S, Nguyen T, Grenci G, Bigot A, Muchir A, Ladoux B, Cadot B, Le Grand F, Trichet L. Bioengineering a miniaturized in vitro 3D myotube contraction monitoring chip to model muscular dystrophies. Biomaterials 2023; 293:121935. [PMID: 36584444 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of skeletal muscle functional contraction is essential to assess the outcomes of therapeutic procedures for neuromuscular disorders. Muscle three-dimensional "Organ-on-chip" models usually require a substantial amount of biological material, which rarely can be obtained from patient biopsies. Here, we developed a miniaturized 3D myotube culture chip with contraction monitoring capacity at the single cell level. Optimized micropatterned substrate design enabled to obtain high culture yields in tightly controlled microenvironments, with myotubes derived from primary human myoblasts displaying spontaneous contractions. Analysis of nuclear morphology confirmed similar myonuclei structure between obtained myotubes and in vivo myofibers, as compared to 2D monolayers. LMNA-related Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (L-CMD) was modeled with successful development of diseased 3D myotubes displaying reduced contraction. The miniaturized myotube technology can thus be used to study contraction characteristics and evaluate how diseases affect muscle organization and force generation. Importantly, it requires significantly fewer starting materials than current systems, which should substantially improve drug screening capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rose
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Berenice Estrada Chavez
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Surabhi Sonam
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Thao Nguyen
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Gianluca Grenci
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore.
| | - Anne Bigot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Antoine Muchir
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Benoît Ladoux
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Bruno Cadot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Fabien Le Grand
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, 69008, Lyon, France.
| | - Léa Trichet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de La Matière Condensée de Paris, 75005, Paris, France.
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Lyu P, Jiang H. RNA-Sequencing Reveals Upregulation and a Beneficial Role of Autophagy in Myoblast Differentiation and Fusion. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223549. [PMID: 36428978 PMCID: PMC9688917 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoblast differentiation is a complex process whereby the mononuclear muscle precursor cells myoblasts express skeletal-muscle-specific genes and fuse with each other to form multinucleated myotubes. The objective of this study was to identify potentially novel mechanisms that mediate myoblast differentiation. We first compared transcriptomes in C2C12 myoblasts before and 6 days after induction of myogenic differentiation by RNA-seq. This analysis identified 11,046 differentially expressed genes, of which 5615 and 5431 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, from before differentiation to differentiation. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that the upregulated genes were associated with skeletal muscle contraction, autophagy, and sarcomeres while the downregulated genes were associated with ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis, mRNA processing, ribosomes, and other biological processes or cellular components. Western blot analyses showed an increased conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II protein during myoblast differentiation, further demonstrating the upregulation of autophagy during myoblast differentiation. Blocking the autophagic flux in C2C12 cells with chloroquine inhibited the expression of skeletal-muscle-specific genes and the formation of myotubes, confirming a positive role for autophagy in myoblast differentiation and fusion.
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Hinkle ER, Blue RE, Tsai YH, Combs M, Davi J, Coffey AR, Boriek AM, Taylor JM, Parker JS, Giudice J. Stretching muscle cells induces transcriptional and splicing transitions and changes in SR proteins. Commun Biol 2022; 5:987. [PMID: 36123433 PMCID: PMC9485123 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03915-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing is an RNA processing mechanism involved in skeletal muscle development and pathology. Muscular diseases exhibit splicing alterations and changes in mechanobiology leading us to investigate the interconnection between mechanical forces and RNA processing. We performed deep RNA-sequencing after stretching muscle cells. First, we uncovered transcriptional changes in genes encoding proteins involved in muscle function and transcription. Second, we observed that numerous mechanosensitive genes were part of the MAPK pathway which was activated in response to stretching. Third, we revealed that stretching skeletal muscle cells increased the proportion of alternatively spliced cassette exons and their inclusion. Fourth, we demonstrated that the serine and arginine-rich proteins exhibited stronger transcriptional changes than other RNA-binding proteins and that SRSF4 phosphorylation is mechanosensitive. Identifying SRSF4 as a mechanosensitive RNA-binding protein that might contribute to crosstalk between mechanotransduction, transcription, and splicing could potentially reveal novel insights into muscular diseases, particularly those with unknown etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Hinkle
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology (GMB), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA
| | - R Eric Blue
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA
| | - Yi-Hsuan Tsai
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA
| | - Matthew Combs
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Davi
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA
| | - Alisha R Coffey
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA
| | - Aladin M Boriek
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joan M Taylor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA
| | - Joel S Parker
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology (GMB), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA
| | - Jimena Giudice
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA.
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology (GMB), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA.
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA.
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Copola AGL, Dos Santos ÍGD, Coutinho LL, Del-Bem LEV, de Almeida Campos-Junior PH, da Conceição IMCA, Nogueira JM, do Carmo Costa A, Silva GAB, Jorge EC. Transcriptomic characterization of the molecular mechanisms induced by RGMa during skeletal muscle nuclei accretion and hypertrophy. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:188. [PMID: 35255809 PMCID: PMC8902710 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08396-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The repulsive guidance molecule a (RGMa) is a GPI-anchor axon guidance molecule first found to play important roles during neuronal development. RGMa expression patterns and signaling pathways via Neogenin and/or as BMP coreceptors indicated that this axon guidance molecule could also be working in other processes and diseases, including during myogenesis. Previous works from our research group have consistently shown that RGMa is expressed in skeletal muscle cells and that its overexpression induces both nuclei accretion and hypertrophy in muscle cell lineages. However, the cellular components and molecular mechanisms induced by RGMa during the differentiation of skeletal muscle cells are poorly understood. In this work, the global transcription expression profile of RGMa-treated C2C12 myoblasts during the differentiation stage, obtained by RNA-seq, were reported. Results RGMa treatment could modulate the expression pattern of 2,195 transcripts in C2C12 skeletal muscle, with 943 upregulated and 1,252 downregulated. Among them, RGMa interfered with the expression of several RNA types, including categories related to the regulation of RNA splicing and degradation. The data also suggested that nuclei accretion induced by RGMa could be due to their capacity to induce the expression of transcripts related to ‘adherens junsctions’ and ‘extracellular-cell adhesion’, while RGMa effects on muscle hypertrophy might be due to (i) the activation of the mTOR-Akt independent axis and (ii) the regulation of the expression of transcripts related to atrophy. Finally, RGMa induced the expression of transcripts that encode skeletal muscle structural proteins, especially from sarcolemma and also those associated with striated muscle cell differentiation. Conclusions These results provide comprehensive knowledge of skeletal muscle transcript changes and pathways in response to RGMa. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08396-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Gonçalves Lio Copola
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31.270-901, Brasil
| | - Íria Gabriela Dias Dos Santos
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31.270-901, Brasil
| | - Luiz Lehmann Coutinho
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brasil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Vieira Del-Bem
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | | | | | - Júlia Meireles Nogueira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31.270-901, Brasil
| | - Alinne do Carmo Costa
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31.270-901, Brasil
| | - Gerluza Aparecida Borges Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31.270-901, Brasil
| | - Erika Cristina Jorge
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31.270-901, Brasil.
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Jang M, Scheffold J, Røst LM, Cheon H, Bruheim P. Serum-free cultures of C2C12 cells show different muscle phenotypes which can be estimated by metabolic profiling. Sci Rep 2022; 12:827. [PMID: 35039582 PMCID: PMC8764040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro skeletal muscle cell production is emerging in the field of artificial lab-grown meat as alternative future food. Currently, there is an urgent paradigm shift towards a serum replacement culture system. Surprisingly, little is known about the impact of serum-free culture on skeletal muscle cells to date. Therefore, we performed metabolic profiling of the C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes in serum-free mediums (B27, AIM-V) and compared it with conventional serum supplementation culture. Furthermore, cell morphology, viability, and myogenic differentiation were observed for 7 days of cultivation. Intriguingly, the metabolic difference is more dominant between the cell status than medium effects. In addition, proliferative myoblast showed more distinct metabolic differences than differentiated myotubes in different culture conditions. The intracellular levels of GL3P and UDP-GlcNAc were significantly increased in myotubes versus myoblast. Non-essential amino acids and pyruvate reduction and transamination showed significant differences among serum, B27, and AIM-V cultures. Intracellular metabolite profiles indicated that C2C12 myotubes cultured in serum and B27 had predominant glycolytic and oxidative metabolism, respectively, indicating fast and slow types of muscle confirmed by MHC immunostaining. This work might be helpful to understand the altered metabolism of skeletal muscle cells in serum-free culture and contribute to future artificial meat research work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Hogskoleringen 1, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jana Scheffold
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Hogskoleringen 1, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lisa Marie Røst
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Hogskoleringen 1, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hyejeong Cheon
- PoreLab, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Hogskoleringen 1, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Per Bruheim
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Hogskoleringen 1, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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The Role of Satellite Cells in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration-The Effect of Exercise and Age. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101056. [PMID: 34681155 PMCID: PMC8533525 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Studies describing the effects of various forms of exercise and age on muscle regeneration were reviewed. Satellite cells are a heterogeneous group of cells that includes stem cells and skeletal muscle progenitor cells. Each skeletal muscle fiber has its own pool of satellite cells that remain inactive until the muscle is damaged. Minor damage within the cell membrane of muscle fibers is patched by fusing intracellular vesicles with the damaged sarcolemma. More severe muscle damage initiates a multistep regeneration process in which satellite cells play an essential role. The condition that initiates the cascade of reactions is the formation of inflammation at the structural discontinuity site, resulting in satellite cell activation. The multitude of reactions and pathways occurring during this process means that many different substances are involved in it and control it. Not all of them are well-understood yet. In parallel, the body’s own population of satellite cells is being rebuilt so that more fibers can be regenerated in the future. Athletes and the elderly are primarily at risk for muscle damage, and pathologies in muscle fiber regeneration cause serious diseases. Abstract The population of satellite cells (mSCs) is highly diversified. The cells comprising it differ in their ability to regenerate their own population and differentiate, as well as in the properties they exhibit. The heterogeneity of this group of cells is evidenced by multiple differentiating markers that enable their recognition, classification, labeling, and characterization. One of the main tasks of satellite cells is skeletal muscle regeneration. Myofibers are often damaged during vigorous exercise in people who participate in sports activities. The number of satellite cells and the speed of the regeneration processes that depend on them affect the time structure of an athlete’s training. This process depends on inflammatory cells. The multitude of reactions and pathways that occur during the regeneration process results in the participation and control of many factors that are activated and secreted during muscle fiber damage and at different stages of its regeneration. However, not all of them are well understood yet. This paper presents the current state of knowledge on satellite cell-dependent skeletal muscle regeneration. Studies describing the effects of various forms of exercise and age on this process were reviewed.
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Kostyuk SV, Proskurnina EV, Ershova ES, Kameneva LV, Malinovskaya EM, Savinova EA, Sergeeva VA, Umriukhin PE, Dolgikh OA, Khakina EA, Kraevaya OA, Troshin PA, Kutsev SI, Veiko NN. The Phosphonate Derivative of C 60 Fullerene Induces Differentiation towards the Myogenic Lineage in Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179284. [PMID: 34502190 PMCID: PMC8431706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inductors of myogenic stem cell differentiation attract attention, as they can be used to treat myodystrophies and post-traumatic injuries. Functionalization of fullerenes makes it possible to obtain water-soluble derivatives with targeted biochemical activity. This study examined the effects of the phosphonate C60 fullerene derivatives on the expression of myogenic transcription factors and myogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Uptake of the phosphonate C60 fullerene derivatives in human MSCs, intracellular ROS visualization, superoxide scavenging potential, and the expression of myogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic differentiation genes were studied. The prolonged MSC incubation (within 7–14 days) with the C60 pentaphoshonate potassium salt promoted their differentiation towards the myogenic lineage. The transcription factors and gene expressions determining myogenic differentiation (MYOD1, MYOG, MYF5, and MRF4) increased, while the expression of osteogenic differentiation factors (BMP2, BMP4, RUNX2, SPP1, and OCN) and adipogenic differentiation factors (CEBPB, LPL, and AP2 (FABP4)) was reduced or did not change. The stimulation of autophagy may be one of the factors contributing to the increased expression of myogenic differentiation genes in MSCs. Autophagy may be caused by intracellular alkalosis and/or short-term intracellular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V. Kostyuk
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, ul. Moskvorechye 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.K.); (E.S.E.); (L.V.K.); (E.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (V.A.S.); (P.E.U.); (O.A.D.); (S.I.K.); (N.N.V.)
| | - Elena V. Proskurnina
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, ul. Moskvorechye 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.K.); (E.S.E.); (L.V.K.); (E.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (V.A.S.); (P.E.U.); (O.A.D.); (S.I.K.); (N.N.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Elizaveta S. Ershova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, ul. Moskvorechye 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.K.); (E.S.E.); (L.V.K.); (E.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (V.A.S.); (P.E.U.); (O.A.D.); (S.I.K.); (N.N.V.)
| | - Larisa V. Kameneva
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, ul. Moskvorechye 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.K.); (E.S.E.); (L.V.K.); (E.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (V.A.S.); (P.E.U.); (O.A.D.); (S.I.K.); (N.N.V.)
| | - Elena M. Malinovskaya
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, ul. Moskvorechye 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.K.); (E.S.E.); (L.V.K.); (E.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (V.A.S.); (P.E.U.); (O.A.D.); (S.I.K.); (N.N.V.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Savinova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, ul. Moskvorechye 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.K.); (E.S.E.); (L.V.K.); (E.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (V.A.S.); (P.E.U.); (O.A.D.); (S.I.K.); (N.N.V.)
| | - Vasilina A. Sergeeva
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, ul. Moskvorechye 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.K.); (E.S.E.); (L.V.K.); (E.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (V.A.S.); (P.E.U.); (O.A.D.); (S.I.K.); (N.N.V.)
| | - Pavel E. Umriukhin
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, ul. Moskvorechye 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.K.); (E.S.E.); (L.V.K.); (E.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (V.A.S.); (P.E.U.); (O.A.D.); (S.I.K.); (N.N.V.)
- Department of Normal Physiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) , Mohovaya Str. 11-4, 125009 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A. Dolgikh
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, ul. Moskvorechye 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.K.); (E.S.E.); (L.V.K.); (E.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (V.A.S.); (P.E.U.); (O.A.D.); (S.I.K.); (N.N.V.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Khakina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavylova St. 28, B-334, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Olga A. Kraevaya
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Semenov Prospect 1, 142432 Chernogolovka (Moscow Region), Russia; (O.A.K.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Pavel A. Troshin
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Semenov Prospect 1, 142432 Chernogolovka (Moscow Region), Russia; (O.A.K.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Sergey I. Kutsev
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, ul. Moskvorechye 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.K.); (E.S.E.); (L.V.K.); (E.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (V.A.S.); (P.E.U.); (O.A.D.); (S.I.K.); (N.N.V.)
| | - Natalia N. Veiko
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, ul. Moskvorechye 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.K.); (E.S.E.); (L.V.K.); (E.M.M.); (E.A.S.); (V.A.S.); (P.E.U.); (O.A.D.); (S.I.K.); (N.N.V.)
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11
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Genome-Wide Association Study Based on Random Regression Model Reveals Candidate Genes Associated with Longitudinal Data in Chinese Simmental Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092524. [PMID: 34573489 PMCID: PMC8470172 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Genome-wide association study (GWAS) has become the main approach for detecting functional genes that affects complex traits. For growth traits, the conventional GWAS method can only deal with the single-record traits observed at specific time points, rather than the longitudinal traits measured at multiple time points. Previous studies have reported the random regression model (RRM) for longitudinal data could overcome the limitation of the traditional GWAS model. Here, we present an association analysis based on RRM (GWAS-RRM) for 808 Chinese Simmental beef cattle at four stages of age. Ultimately, 37 significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and several important candidate genes were screened to be associated with the body weight. Enrichment analysis showed these genes were significantly enriched in the signaling transduction pathway and lipid metabolism. This study not only offers a further understanding of the genetic basis for growth traits in beef cattle, but also provides a robust analytics tool for longitudinal traits in various species. Abstract Body weight (BW) is an important longitudinal trait that directly described the growth gain of bovine in production. However, previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) mainly focused on the single-record traits, with less attention paid to longitudinal traits. Compared with traditional GWAS models, the association studies based on the random regression model (GWAS-RRM) have better performance in the control of the false positive rate through considering time-stage effects. In this study, the BW trait data were collected from 808 Chinese Simmental beef cattle aged 0, 6, 12, and 18 months, then we performed a GWAS-RRM to fit the time-varied SNP effect. The results showed a total of 37 significant SNPs were associated with BW. Gene functional annotation and enrichment analysis indicated FGF4, ANGPT4, PLA2G4A, and ITGA5 were promising candidate genes for BW. Moreover, these genes were significantly enriched in the signaling transduction pathway and lipid metabolism. These findings will provide prior molecular information for bovine gene-based selection, as well as facilitate the extensive application of GWAS-RRM in domestic animals.
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12
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Jeong J, Choi KH, Kim SH, Lee DK, Oh JN, Lee M, Choe GC, Lee CK. Combination of cell signaling molecules can facilitate MYOD1-mediated myogenic transdifferentiation of pig fibroblasts. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:64. [PMID: 33980301 PMCID: PMC8117598 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myogenic transdifferentiation can be accomplished through ectopic MYOD1 expression, which is facilitated by various signaling pathways associated with myogenesis. In this study, we attempted to transdifferentiate pig embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs) myogenically into skeletal muscle through overexpression of the pig MYOD1 gene and modulation of the FGF, TGF-β, WNT, and cAMP signaling pathways. Results The MYOD1 overexpression vector was constructed based on comparative sequence analysis, demonstrating that pig MYOD1 has evolutionarily conserved domains across various species. Although forced MYOD1 expression through these vectors triggered the expression of endogenous muscle markers, transdifferentiated muscle cells from fibroblasts were not observed. Therefore, various signaling molecules, including FGF2, SB431542, CHIR99021, and forskolin, along with MYOD1 overexpression were applied to enhance the myogenic reprogramming. The modified conditions led to the derivation of myotubes and activation of muscle markers in PEFs, as determined by qPCR and immunostaining. Notably, a sarcomere-like structure was observed, indicating that terminally differentiated skeletal muscle could be obtained from transdifferentiated cells. Conclusions In summary, we established a protocol for reprogramming MYOD1-overexpressing PEFs into the mature skeletal muscle using signaling molecules. Our myogenic reprogramming can be used as a cell source for muscle disease models in regenerative medicine and the production of cultured meat in cellular agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsol Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Hwan Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.,Present address: Research and Development Center, Space F corporation, Hwasung-si, Gyeonggi-do, 18471, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kyung Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.,Present address: Research and Development Center, Space F corporation, Hwasung-si, Gyeonggi-do, 18471, South Korea
| | - Jong-Nam Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Mingyun Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Gyung Cheol Choe
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea. .,Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeong Chang, Kangwon-do, 25354, South Korea.
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13
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Lagerwaard B, van der Hoek MD, Hoeks J, Grevendonk L, Nieuwenhuizen AG, Keijer J, de Boer VCJ. Propionate hampers differentiation and modifies histone propionylation and acetylation in skeletal muscle cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 196:111495. [PMID: 33932454 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein acylation via metabolic acyl-CoA intermediates provides a link between cellular metabolism and protein functionality. A process in which acetyl-CoA and acetylation are fine-tuned is during myogenic differentiation. However, the roles of other protein acylations remain unknown. Protein propionylation could be functionally relevant because propionyl-CoA can be derived from the catabolism of amino acids and fatty acids and was shown to decrease during muscle differentiation. We aimed to explore the potential role of protein propionylation in muscle differentiation, by mimicking a pathophysiological situation with high extracellular propionate which increases propionyl-CoA and protein propionylation, rendering it a model to study increased protein propionylation. Exposure to extracellular propionate, but not acetate, impaired myogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells and propionate exposure impaired myogenic differentiation in primary human muscle cells. Impaired differentiation was accompanied by an increase in histone propionylation as well as histone acetylation. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation showed increased histone propionylation at specific regulatory myogenic differentiation sites of the Myod gene. Intramuscular propionylcarnitine levels are higher in old compared to young males and females, possibly indicating increased propionyl-CoA levels with age. The findings suggest a role for propionylation and propionyl-CoA in regulation of muscle cell differentiation and ageing, possibly via alterations in histone acylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Lagerwaard
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands; TI Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marjanne D van der Hoek
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Applied Research Centre Food and Dairy, Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; MCL Academy, Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lotte Grevendonk
- TI Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Arie G Nieuwenhuizen
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent C J de Boer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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14
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Neyroud D, Nosacka RL, Callaway CS, Trevino JG, Hu H, Judge SM, Judge AR. FoxP1 is a transcriptional repressor associated with cancer cachexia that induces skeletal muscle wasting and weakness. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:421-442. [PMID: 33527776 PMCID: PMC8061399 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle wasting is a devastating consequence of cancer that affects up to 80% of cancer patients and associates with reduced survival. Herein, we investigated the biological significance of Forkhead box P1 (FoxP1), a transcriptional repressor that we demonstrate is up-regulated in skeletal muscle in multiple models of cancer cachexia and in cachectic cancer patients. METHODS Inducible, skeletal muscle-specific FoxP1 over-expressing (FoxP1iSkmTg/Tg ) mice were generated through crossing conditional Foxp1a transgenic mice with HSA-MCM mice that express tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase under control of the skeletal muscle actin promoter. To determine the requirement of FoxP1 for cancer-induced skeletal muscle wasting, FoxP1-shRNA was packaged and targeted to muscles using AAV9 delivery prior to inoculation of mice with Colon-26 Adenocarcinoma (C26) cells. RESULTS Up-regulation of FoxP1 in adult skeletal muscle was sufficient to induce features of cachexia, including 15% reduction in body mass (P < 0.05), and a 16-27% reduction in skeletal muscle mass (P < 0.05) that was characterized by a 20% reduction in muscle fibre cross-sectional area of type IIX/B muscle fibres (P = 0.020). Skeletal muscles from FoxP1iSkmTg/Tg mice also showed significant damage and myopathy characterized by the presence of centrally nucleated myofibres, extracellular matrix expansion, and were 19-26% weaker than controls (P < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis revealed FoxP1 as a potent transcriptional repressor of skeletal muscle gene expression, with enrichment of pathways related to skeletal muscle structure and function, growth signalling, and cell quality control. Because FoxP1 functions, at least in part, as a transcriptional repressor through its interaction with histone deacetylase proteins, we treated FoxP1iSkmTg/Tg mice with Trichostatin A, and found that this completely prevented the loss of muscle mass (p = 0.007) and fibre atrophy (P < 0.001) in the tibialis anterior. In the context of cancer, FoxP1 knockdown blocked the cancer-induced repression of myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2)-target genes critical to muscle differentiation and repair, improved muscle ultrastructure, and attenuated muscle fibre atrophy by 50% (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In summary, we identify FoxP1 as a novel repressor of skeletal muscle gene expression that is increased in cancer cachexia, whose up-regulation is sufficient to induce skeletal muscle wasting and weakness, and required for the normal wasting response to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Neyroud
- Department of Physical TherapyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | | | | | | | - Hui Hu
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Sarah M. Judge
- Department of Physical TherapyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Andrew R. Judge
- Department of Physical TherapyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
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15
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Morton SU, Sefton CR, Zhang H, Dai M, Turner DL, Uhler MD, Agrawal PB. microRNA-mRNA Profile of Skeletal Muscle Differentiation and Relevance to Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052692. [PMID: 33799993 PMCID: PMC7962092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance and translation during key developmental processes including muscle differentiation. Assessment of miRNA targets can provide insight into muscle biology and gene expression profiles altered by disease. mRNA and miRNA libraries were generated from C2C12 myoblasts during differentiation, and predicted miRNA targets were identified based on presence of miRNA binding sites and reciprocal expression. Seventeen miRNAs were differentially expressed at all time intervals (comparing days 0, 2, and 5) of differentiation. mRNA targets of differentially expressed miRNAs were enriched for functions related to calcium signaling and sarcomere formation. To evaluate this relationship in a disease state, we evaluated the miRNAs differentially expressed in human congenital myotonic dystrophy (CMD) myoblasts and compared with normal control. Seventy-four miRNAs were differentially expressed during healthy human myocyte maturation, of which only 12 were also up- or downregulated in CMD patient cells. The 62 miRNAs that were only differentially expressed in healthy cells were compared with differentiating C2C12 cells. Eighteen of the 62 were conserved in mouse and up- or down-regulated during mouse myoblast differentiation, and their C2C12 targets were enriched for functions related to muscle differentiation and contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah U. Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (S.U.M.); (P.B.A.)
| | | | - Huanqing Zhang
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (M.D.); (D.L.T.); (M.D.U.)
| | - Manhong Dai
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (M.D.); (D.L.T.); (M.D.U.)
| | - David L. Turner
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (M.D.); (D.L.T.); (M.D.U.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael D. Uhler
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (M.D.); (D.L.T.); (M.D.U.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pankaj B. Agrawal
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (S.U.M.); (P.B.A.)
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16
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Rugowska A, Starosta A, Konieczny P. Epigenetic modifications in muscle regeneration and progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:13. [PMID: 33468200 PMCID: PMC7814631 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a multisystemic disorder that affects 1:5000 boys. The severity of the phenotype varies dependent on the mutation site in the DMD gene and the resultant dystrophin expression profile. In skeletal muscle, dystrophin loss is associated with the disintegration of myofibers and their ineffective regeneration due to defective expansion and differentiation of the muscle stem cell pool. Some of these phenotypic alterations stem from the dystrophin absence-mediated serine-threonine protein kinase 2 (MARK2) misplacement/downregulation in activated muscle stem (satellite) cells and neuronal nitric oxide synthase loss in cells committed to myogenesis. Here, we trace changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and expression of regulatory noncoding RNAs during muscle regeneration, from the stage of satellite cells to myofibers. Furthermore, we describe the abrogation of these epigenetic regulatory processes due to changes in signal transduction in DMD and point to therapeutic treatments increasing the regenerative potential of diseased muscles based on this acquired knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rugowska
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Alicja Starosta
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Patryk Konieczny
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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17
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Gheller BJ, Blum JE, Fong EHH, Malysheva OV, Cosgrove BD, Thalacker-Mercer AE. A defined N6-methyladenosine (m 6A) profile conferred by METTL3 regulates muscle stem cell/myoblast state transitions. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:95. [PMID: 33083017 PMCID: PMC7524727 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle-specific adult stem cells (MuSCs) are required for skeletal muscle regeneration. To ensure efficient skeletal muscle regeneration after injury, MuSCs must undergo state transitions as they are activated from quiescence, give rise to a population of proliferating myoblasts, and continue either to terminal differentiation, to repair or replace damaged myofibers, or self-renewal to repopulate the quiescent population. Changes in MuSC/myoblast state are accompanied by dramatic shifts in their transcriptional profile. Previous reports in other adult stem cell systems have identified alterations in the most abundant internal mRNA modification, N6-methyladenosine (m6A), conferred by its active writer, METTL3, to regulate cell state transitions through alterations in the transcriptional profile of these cells. Our objective was to determine if m6A-modification deposition via METTL3 is a regulator of MuSC/myoblast state transitions in vitro and in vivo. Using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry we identified that global m6A levels increase during the early stages of skeletal muscle regeneration, in vivo, and decline when C2C12 myoblasts transition from proliferation to differentiation, in vitro. Using m6A-specific RNA-sequencing (MeRIP-seq), a distinct profile of m6A-modification was identified, distinguishing proliferating from differentiating C2C12 myoblasts. RNAi studies show that reducing levels of METTL3, the active m6A methyltransferase, reduced global m6A levels and forced C2C12 myoblasts to prematurely differentiate. Reducing levels of METTL3 in primary mouse MuSCs prior to transplantation enhanced their engraftment capacity upon primary transplantation, however their capacity for serial transplantation was lost. In conclusion, METTL3 regulates m6A levels in MuSCs/myoblasts and controls the transition of MuSCs/myoblasts to different cell states. Furthermore, the first transcriptome wide map of m6A-modifications in proliferating and differentiating C2C12 myoblasts is provided and reveals a number of genes that may regulate MuSC/myoblast state transitions which had not been previously identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamie E. Blum
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | | | - Olga V. Malysheva
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | | | - Anna E. Thalacker-Mercer
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
- Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
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18
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Disabled-2: a positive regulator of the early differentiation of myoblasts. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 381:493-508. [PMID: 32607799 PMCID: PMC7431403 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dab2 is an adaptor protein and a tumor suppressor. Our previous study has found that Dab2 was expressed in early differentiating skeletal muscles in mouse embryos. In this study, we determined the role of Dab2 in the skeletal muscle differentiation using C2C12 myoblasts in vitro and Xenopus laevis embryos in vivo. The expression of Dab2 was increased in C2C12 myoblasts during the formation of myotubes in vitro. Knockdown of Dab2 expression in C2C12 myoblasts resulted in a reduction of myotube formation, whereas the myotube formation was enhanced upon overexpression of Dab2. Re-expression of Dab2 in C2C12 myoblasts with downregulated expression of Dab2 restored their capacity to form myotubes. Microarray profiling and subsequent network analyses on the 155 differentially expressed genes after Dab2 knockdown showed that Mef2c was an important myogenic transcription factor regulated by Dab2 through the p38 MAPK pathway. It was also involved in other pathways that are associated with muscular development and functions. In Xenopus embryos developed in vivo, XDab2 was expressed in the myotome of somites where various myogenic markers were also expressed. Knockdown of XDab2 expression with antisense morpholinos downregulated the expression of myogenic markers in somites. In conclusion, this study is the first to provide solid evidence to show that Dab2 is a positive regulator of the early myoblast differentiation.
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19
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Banerji CRS, Zammit PS. PAX7 target gene repression is a superior FSHD biomarker than DUX4 target gene activation, associating with pathological severity and identifying FSHD at the single-cell level. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:2224-2236. [PMID: 31067297 PMCID: PMC6586142 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a prevalent, incurable skeletal myopathy. The condition is linked to hypomethylation of the D4Z4 macrosatellite repeat at chromosome 4q35, leading to epigenetic derepression of the transcription factor DUX4; coupled with a permissive 4qA haplotype supplying a poly(A) signal. DUX4 may drive FSHD pathology via both induction of target genes and inhibition of the function of the myogenic master regulator PAX7. Biomarkers for FSHD have focused on DUX4 target gene expression. We have, however, reported that PAX7 target gene repression is a hallmark of FSHD skeletal muscle. Here we demonstrate that PAX7 target gene repression is an equivalent biomarker to DUX4 target gene expression when considering RNA-Sequencing data from magnetic resonance imaging-guided muscle biopsies. Moreover, PAX7 target gene repression correlates with active disease, independent to DUX4 target gene expression. PAX7 target genes are also repressed in RNA-Sequencing data from single cells, representing a significantly better biomarker of FSHD cells than DUX4 target gene expression. Importantly, PAX7 target gene repression is a significant biomarker in the majority of FSHD cells that are DUX4 target gene negative, and on which the DUX4 biomarker is indiscriminate. To facilitate the evaluation of validated biomarkers we provide a simple tool that outputs biomarker values from a normalized expression data matrix. In summary, PAX7 target gene repression in FSHD correlates with disease severity, independently of DUX4 target gene expression. At the single-cell level, PAX7 target gene repression can efficiently discriminate FSHD cells, even when no DUX4 target genes are detectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R S Banerji
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Level, Faculty Building, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Peter S Zammit
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, UK
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20
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Brearley MC, Li C, Daniel ZC, Loughna PT, Parr T, Brameld JM. Changes in expression of serine biosynthesis and integrated stress response genes during myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 20:100694. [PMID: 31681859 PMCID: PMC6818154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly metabolic and dynamic tissue that is formed through the complex and well-organised process of myogenesis. Although there is a good understanding about the role of the Muscle Regulatory Factors during myogenesis, little is known about the potential interplay of other metabolic proteins. The aim of this study was to determine the endogenous mRNA expression profile for a novel group of genes, recently associated with β2-adrenergic agonist (BA) induced muscle hypertrophy in pigs [1], during myogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells and their response to dibutyryl cyclic-AMP (dbcAMP). These genes included mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK2/PEPCK-M), genes involved in serine biosynthesis (Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, PHGDH; Phosphoserine aminotransferase-1, PSAT1; Phosphoserine phosphatase, PSPH) and those involved in an integrated stress response (Asparagine synthetase, ASNS; Sestrin-2, SESN2; and Activating transcription factor-5, ATF5). A coordinated peak in endogenous PCK2, PHGDH, PSAT1, PSPH, ASNS, ATF5 and SESN2 mRNA expression was observed at day 2 of differentiation (P < 0.001) in C2C12 cells, which coincided with the peak in myogenin mRNA. Myotube hypertrophy was induced with dbcAMP (1 mM) treatment from day 0, thereby mimicking the in vivo BA response. Although dbcAMP treatment from day 0 induced larger myotubes and increased both myosin heavy chain-IIB (MyHC-IIB) and pyruvate carboxylase (PC) mRNA, the expression of PCK2, PHGDH, PSAT1 and ASNS mRNA were all unaffected. Treatment with dbcAMP from day 4 increased MyHC-IIB mRNA, however this was less dramatic compared to the response observed following treatment from day 0, but there was no effect on PC mRNA. There was also no effect of dbcAMP treatment from day 4 on PCK2, PHGDH, PSAT1 and ASNS mRNA. To conclude, the coordinated day 2 peak in endogenous expression of PCK2, PHGDH, PSAT1, PSPH, ASNS, ATF5 and SESN2 mRNA may relate to a shift in biosynthetic demand required to initiate myogenic differentiation. However, dbcAMP had no effect on the expression of these genes in vitro suggesting that the effects observed in BA-treated pigs might be via other signalling pathways from the activation of the β2-adrenergic receptor, but independent of cAMP, or that there are species differences in the response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelaine C. Brearley
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Congcong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zoe C.T.R. Daniel
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Paul T. Loughna
- School of Veterinary Medicine & Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Tim Parr
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - John M. Brameld
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
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21
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Codato R, Perichon M, Divol A, Fung E, Sotiropoulos A, Bigot A, Weitzman JB, Medjkane S. The SMYD3 methyltransferase promotes myogenesis by activating the myogenin regulatory network. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17298. [PMID: 31754141 PMCID: PMC6872730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordinated expression of myogenic regulatory factors, including MyoD and myogenin, orchestrates the steps of skeletal muscle development, from myoblast proliferation and cell-cycle exit, to myoblast fusion and myotubes maturation. Yet, it remains unclear how key transcription factors and epigenetic enzymes cooperate to guide myogenic differentiation. Proteins of the SMYD (SET and MYND domain-containing) methyltransferase family participate in cardiac and skeletal myogenesis during development in zebrafish, Drosophila and mice. Here, we show that the mammalian SMYD3 methyltransferase coordinates skeletal muscle differentiation in vitro. Overexpression of SMYD3 in myoblasts promoted muscle differentiation and myoblasts fusion. Conversely, silencing of endogenous SMYD3 or its pharmacological inhibition impaired muscle differentiation. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of murine myoblasts, with silenced or overexpressed SMYD3, revealed that SMYD3 impacts skeletal muscle differentiation by targeting the key muscle regulatory factor myogenin. The role of SMYD3 in the regulation of skeletal muscle differentiation and myotube formation, partially via the myogenin transcriptional network, highlights the importance of methyltransferases in mammalian myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Codato
- Université de Paris, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Martine Perichon
- Université de Paris, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Divol
- Université de Paris, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, CNRS, Paris, France
- Atos, Paris, France
| | - Ella Fung
- Université de Paris, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, CNRS, Paris, France
- Pfizer, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Anne Bigot
- Université de Paris, Institut de Myologie, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Souhila Medjkane
- Université de Paris, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, CNRS, Paris, France.
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22
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Thakur SS, James JL, Cranna NJ, Chhen VL, Swiderski K, Ryall JG, Lynch GS. Expression and localization of heat-shock proteins during skeletal muscle cell proliferation and differentiation and the impact of heat stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:749-761. [PMID: 31098840 PMCID: PMC6657410 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal myogenesis is a coordinated sequence of events associated with dramatic changes in cell morphology, motility, and metabolism, which causes cellular stress and alters proteostasis. Chaperones, such as heat-shock proteins (HSPs), play important roles in limiting cellular stresses and maintaining proteostasis, but whether HSPs are specifically involved in myogenesis is not well understood. Here, we characterized gene and protein expression and subcellular localization of various HSPs in proliferating C2C12 myoblasts and differentiating myotubes under control conditions and in response to heat stress. Hsp25, Hsp40, and Hsp60 protein expression declined by 48, 35, and 83%, respectively, during differentiation. In contrast, Hsp70 protein levels doubled during early differentiation. Hsp25 was predominantly localized to the cytoplasm of myoblasts and myotubes but formed distinct aggregates in perinuclear spaces of myoblasts after heat-shock. Hsp40 was distributed diffusely throughout the cytoplasm and nucleus and, after heat-shock, translocated to the nucleus of myoblasts but formed aggregates in myotubes. Hsp60 localized to the perinuclear space in myoblasts but was distributed more diffusely across the cytoplasm in myotubes. Hsp70 was expressed diffusely throughout the cytoplasm and nucleus and translocated to the nucleus after heat-shock in myoblasts, but not in myotubes. Hsp90 was expressed diffusely across the cytoplasm in both myoblasts and myotubes under control conditions and did not change in response to heat-shock. These findings reveal distinct and different roles for HSPs in the regulation of myogenic cell proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savant S Thakur
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Janine L James
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Nicola J Cranna
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Victoria L Chhen
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Kristy Swiderski
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - James G Ryall
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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23
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Banerji CRS, Panamarova M, Pruller J, Figeac N, Hebaishi H, Fidanis E, Saxena A, Contet J, Sacconi S, Severini S, Zammit PS. Dynamic transcriptomic analysis reveals suppression of PGC1α/ERRα drives perturbed myogenesis in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:1244-1259. [PMID: 30462217 PMCID: PMC6452176 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a prevalent, incurable myopathy, linked to epigenetic derepression of D4Z4 repeats on chromosome 4q, leading to ectopic DUX4 expression. FSHD patient myoblasts have defective myogenic differentiation, forming smaller myotubes with reduced myosin content. However, molecular mechanisms driving such disrupted myogenesis in FSHD are poorly understood. We performed high-throughput morphological analysis describing FSHD and control myogenesis, revealing altered myogenic differentiation results in hypotrophic myotubes. Employing polynomial models and an empirical Bayes approach, we established eight critical time points during which human healthy and FSHD myogenesis differ. RNA-sequencing at these eight nodal time points in triplicate, provided temporal depth for a multivariate regression analysis, allowing assessment of interaction between progression of differentiation and FSHD disease status. Importantly, the unique size and structure of our data permitted identification of many novel FSHD pathomechanisms undetectable by previous approaches. For further analysis here, we selected pathways that control mitochondria: of interest considering known alterations in mitochondrial structure and function in FSHD muscle, and sensitivity of FSHD cells to oxidative stress. Notably, we identified suppression of mitochondrial biogenesis, in particular via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α (PGC1α), the cofactor and activator of oestrogen-related receptor α (ERRα). PGC1α knock-down caused hypotrophic myotubes to form from control myoblasts. Known ERRα agonists and safe food supplements biochanin A, daidzein or genistein, each rescued the hypotrophic FSHD myotube phenotype. Together our work describes transcriptomic changes in high resolution that occur during myogenesis in FSHD ex vivo, identifying suppression of the PGC1α-ERRα axis leading to perturbed myogenic differentiation, which can effectively be rescued by readily available food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R S Banerji
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
- Centre of Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maryna Panamarova
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Johanna Pruller
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicolas Figeac
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Husam Hebaishi
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Efthymios Fidanis
- Genomics Research Platform, Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Trust and Kings College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alka Saxena
- Genomics Research Platform, Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Trust and Kings College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Julian Contet
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, Faculty of Medicine, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, Cedex, France
| | - Sabrina Sacconi
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, Faculty of Medicine, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, Cedex, France
- Peripheral Nervous System, Muscle and ALS Department, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Simone Severini
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter S Zammit
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
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24
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Leng X, Ji X, Hou Y, Settlage R, Jiang H. Roles of the proteasome and inhibitor of DNA binding 1 protein in myoblast differentiation. FASEB J 2019; 33:7403-7416. [PMID: 30865843 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800574rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to further understand the mechanism that controls myoblast differentiation, a key step in skeletal muscle formation. RNA sequencing of primary bovine myoblasts revealed many genes encoding the ubiquitin-proteasome system were up-regulated during myoblast differentiation. This up-regulation was accompanied by increased proteasomal activity. Treating myoblasts with the proteasome-specific inhibitor lactacystin impeded myoblast differentiation. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID1) protein inhibited myoblast differentiation too. Further experiments were conducted to determine whether the proteasome promotes myoblast differentiation by degrading ID1 protein. Both ID1 protein and mRNA expression decreased during myoblast differentiation. However, treating myoblasts with lactacystin reversed the decrease in ID1 protein but not in ID1 mRNA expression. Surprisingly, this reversal was not observed when myoblasts were also treated with the mRNA translation inhibitor cycloheximide. Direct incubation of ID1 protein with proteasomes from myoblasts did not show differentiation stage-associated degradation of ID1 protein. Furthermore, ubiquitinated ID1 protein was not detected in lactacystin-treated myoblasts. Overall, the results of this study suggest that, during myoblast differentiation, the proteasomal activity is up-regulated to further myoblast differentiation and that the increased proteasomal activity improves myoblast differentiation partly by inhibiting the synthesis, not the degradation, of ID1 protein.-Leng, X., Ji, X., Hou, Y., Settlage, R., Jiang, H. Roles of the proteasome and inhibitor of DNA binding 1 protein in myoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Leng
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Xu Ji
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Yuguo Hou
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Robert Settlage
- Advanced Research Computing Unit, Division of Information Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Honglin Jiang
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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25
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Fan QC, Tian H, Wang Y, Liu XB. Integrin-α5 promoted the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma and modulated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 101:85-91. [PMID: 30909080 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrin-α5 (ITGA5) gene has been reported to be critical for the progression of several cancers. However, the effects of ITGA5 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. METHODS We firstly used bioinformatics methods to analyze the ITGA5 gene expression based on the public dataset. HO1-N-1 and SCC-9 cells with silenced ITGA5 were constructed using siRNA. Then, we determined the biological functions of ITGA5 in OSCC cells using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay and transwell assays. The expression of PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, ERK and pERK were determined by western blot. RESULTS Our results revealed that ITGA5 expression was up-regulated in OSCC. The biological experiments further confirmed that ITGA5 expression was higher in OSCC cell lines. Moreover, we found that knockdown of ITGA5 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of OSCC cells. The expression of phosphorylated-(p) PI3K, p-AKT and p-ERK obviously decreased after knockdown of ITGA5 in OSCC cells. CONCLUSION In summary, ITGA5 could promote the progression of OSCC via activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and it can be regarded as a potential biomarker for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Chun Fan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Hua Tian
- The Eighth Department of Neurology, Liaocheng Third People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xian-Bin Liu
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China.
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26
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Naa15 knockdown enhances c2c12 myoblast fusion and induces defects in zebrafish myotome morphogenesis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 228:61-67. [PMID: 30502388 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of muscle tissue formation and regeneration is essential for the development of therapeutic approaches to treat muscle diseases or loss of muscle mass and strength during ageing or cancer. One of the critical steps in muscle formation is the fusion of muscle cells to form or regenerate muscle fibres. To identify new genes controlling myoblast fusion, we performed a siRNA screen in c2c12 myoblasts. The genes identified during this screen were then studied in vivo by knockdown in zebrafish using morpholino. We found that N-alpha-acetyltransferase 15 (Naa15) knockdown enhanced c2c12 myoblast fusion, suggesting that Naa15 negatively regulates myogenic cell fusion. We identified two Naa15 orthologous genes in the zebrafish genome: Naa15a and Naa15b. These two orthologs were expressed in the myogenic domain of the somite. Knockdown of zebrafish Naa15a and Naa15b genes induced a "U"-shaped segmentation of the myotome and alteration of myotome boundaries, resulting in the formation of abnormally long myofibres spanning adjacent somites. Taken together, these results show that Naa15 regulates myotome formation and myogenesis in fish.
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27
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Low-level laser irradiation induces a transcriptional myotube-like profile in C2C12 myoblasts. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 33:1673-1683. [PMID: 29717386 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2513-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) has been used as a non-invasive method to improve muscular regeneration capability. However, the molecular mechanisms by which LLLI exerts these effects remain largely unknown. Here, we described global gene expression profiling analysis in C2C12 myoblasts after LLLI that identified 514 differentially expressed genes (DEG). Gene ontology and pathway analysis of the DEG revealed transcripts among categories related to cell cycle, ribosome biogenesis, response to stress, cell migration, and cell proliferation. We further intersected the DEG in C2C12 myoblasts after LLLI with publicly available transcriptomes data from myogenic differentiation studies (myoblasts vs myotube) to identify transcripts with potential effects on myogenesis. This analysis revealed 42 DEG between myoblasts and myotube that intersect with altered genes in myoblasts after LLLI. Next, we performed a hierarchical cluster analysis with this set of shared transcripts that showed that LLLI myoblasts have a myotube-like profile, clustering away from the myoblast profile. The myotube-like transcriptional profile of LLLI myoblasts was further confirmed globally considering all the transcripts detected in C2C12 myoblasts after LLLI, by bi-dimensional clustering with myotubes transcriptional profiles, and by the comparison with 154 gene sets derived from previous published in vitro omics data. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that LLLI regulates a set of mRNAs that control myoblast proliferation and differentiation into myotubes. Importantly, this set of mRNAs revealed a myotube-like transcriptional profile in LLLI myoblasts and provide new insights to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of LLLI on skeletal muscle cells.
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28
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Zhu M, Zheng R, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Zuo B. NDRG4 promotes myogenesis via Akt/CREB activation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:101720-101734. [PMID: 29254199 PMCID: PMC5731909 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 4 (NDRG4) plays an important role in biological processes and pathogenesis, but its function in muscle development is unclear. In this study, we investigated the function of the NDRG4 gene in the regulation of myogenic differentiation. NDRG4 expression is upregulated during muscle regeneration and C2C12 myoblast differentiation. Gain and loss of function studies revealed that NDRG4 dramatically promotes expression of myogenic differentiation factor (MyoD), myogenin (MyoG), and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) genes and myotube formation. Mechanistically, the binding of NDRG4 to carboxyl-terminal modulator protein (CTMP) abates the interaction of CTMP and protein kinase B (Akt) and increases the phosphorylation of Akt and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), which leads to increased expression of myogenic genes. Our results reveal that NDRG4 promotes myogenic differentiation via Akt/CREB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yiwen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466000, China
| | - Bo Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
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29
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An siRNA-based screen in C2C12 myoblasts identifies novel genes involved in myogenic differentiation. Exp Cell Res 2017; 359:145-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Chen YW, Gregory C, Ye F, Harafuji N, Lott D, Lai SH, Mathur S, Scarborough M, Gibbs P, Baligand C, Vandenborne K. Molecular signatures of differential responses to exercise trainings during rehabilitation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 2. [PMID: 28845464 PMCID: PMC5568829 DOI: 10.15761/bgg.1000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The loss and recovery of muscle mass and function following injury and during rehabilitation varies among individuals. While recent expression profiling studies have illustrated transcriptomic responses to muscle disuse and remodeling, how these changes contribute to the physiological responses are not clear. In this study, we quantified the effects of immobilization and subsequent rehabilitation training on muscle size and identified molecular pathways associated with muscle responsiveness in an orthopaedic patient cohort study. The injured leg of 16 individuals with ankle injury was immobilized for a minimum of 4 weeks, followed by a 6-week rehabilitation program. The maximal cross-sectional area (CSA) of the medial gastrocnemius muscle of the immobilized and control legs were determined by T1-weighted axial MRI images. Genome-wide mRNA profiling data were used to identify molecular signatures that distinguish the patients who responded to immobilization and rehabilitation and those who were considered minimal responders. RESULTS: Using 6% change as the threshold to define responsiveness, a greater degree of changes in muscle size was noted in high responders (−14.9 ± 3.6%) compared to low responders (0.1 ± 0.0%) during immobilization. In addition, a greater degree of changes in muscle size was observed in high responders (20.5 ± 3.2%) compared to low responders (2.5 ± 0.9%) at 6-week rehabilitation. Microarray analysis showed a higher number of genes differentially expressed in the responders compared to low responders in general; with more expression changes observed at the acute stage of rehabilitation in both groups. Pathways analysis revealed top molecular pathways differentially affected in the groups, including genes involved in mitochondrial function, protein turn over, integrin signaling and inflammation. This study confirmed the extent of muscle atrophy due to immobilization and recovery by exercise training is associated with distinct remodeling signature, which can potentially be used for evaluating and predicting clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Chen
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, USA.,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Chris Gregory
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Fan Ye
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Naoe Harafuji
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Donovan Lott
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - San-Huei Lai
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Sunita Mathur
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, USA
| | - Mark Scarborough
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Parker Gibbs
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Celine Baligand
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Krista Vandenborne
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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31
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González-Barriga A, Nillessen B, Kranzen J, van Kessel IDG, Croes HJE, Aguilera B, de Visser PC, Datson NA, Mulders SAM, van Deutekom JCT, Wieringa B, Wansink DG. Intracellular Distribution and Nuclear Activity of Antisense Oligonucleotides After Unassisted Uptake in Myoblasts and Differentiated Myotubes In Vitro. Nucleic Acid Ther 2017; 27:144-158. [PMID: 28375678 PMCID: PMC5467152 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2016.0641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical efficacy of antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) for the treatment of neuromuscular disorders depends on efficient cellular uptake and proper intracellular routing to the target. Selection of AONs with highest in vitro efficiencies is usually based on chemical or physical methods for forced cellular delivery. Since these methods largely bypass existing natural mechanisms for membrane passage and intracellular trafficking, spontaneous uptake and distribution of AONs in cells are still poorly understood. Here, we report on the unassisted uptake of naked AONs, so-called gymnosis, in muscle cells in culture. We found that gymnosis works similarly well for proliferating myoblasts as for terminally differentiated myotubes. Cell biological analyses combined with microscopy imaging showed that a phosphorothioate backbone promotes efficient gymnosis, that uptake is clathrin mediated and mainly results in endosomal-lysosomal accumulation. Nuclear localization occurred at a low level, but the gymnotically delivered AONs effectively modulated the expression of their nuclear RNA targets. Chloroquine treatment after gymnotic delivery helped increase nuclear AON levels. In sum, we demonstrate that gymnosis is feasible in proliferating and non-proliferating muscle cells and we confirm the relevance of AON chemistry for uptake and intracellular trafficking with this method, which provides a useful means for bio-activity screening of AONs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchel González-Barriga
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands .,2 BioMarin Nederland B.V., Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Nillessen
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Kranzen
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg D G van Kessel
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Huib J E Croes
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bé Wieringa
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Derick G Wansink
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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32
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Ishida Y, Kiyokawa Y, Asai T, Oku N. Ameliorating Effects of Sphingomyelin-Based Liposomes on Sarcopenia in Senescence-Accelerated Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 39:786-93. [PMID: 27150148 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of orally administered sphingomyelin-based liposomes (SM-lipo) on muscle function were investigated in senescence-accelerated mice prone 1 (SAMP1) for the purpose of protection against or treatment of sarcopenia. SM-lipo were prepared by thin lipid-film hydration followed by extrusion. Their spherical shape was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The obtained liposomes were stable in gastric liquid and intestinal fluid models as well as in water. In in vitro tests liposomalization of sphingomyelin significantly increased its transport into human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. In addition, SM-lipo upregulated the proliferation of murine C2C12 myoblasts compared with free sphingomyelin or phosphatidylcholine-based liposomes (PC-lipo). Finally, SM-lipo orally administered to SAMP1 for 10 weeks significantly increased quadriceps femoris weight and extended swimming time until fatigue compared with PC-lipo. In conclusion, these findings indicate that SM-lipo are well absorbed into the body and improve muscle weakness caused by senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Ishida
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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33
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Sakane H, Makiyama T, Nogami S, Horii Y, Akasaki K, Shirataki H. β‐Taxilin participates in differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts into myotubes. Exp Cell Res 2016; 345:230-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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34
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Poli A, Billi AM, Mongiorgi S, Ratti S, McCubrey JA, Suh PG, Cocco L, Ramazzotti G. Nuclear Phosphatidylinositol Signaling: Focus on Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Kinases and Phospholipases C. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1645-55. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Poli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Anna Maria Billi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Sara Mongiorgi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - James A. McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville North Carolina
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Life Sciences; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology; Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
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Network Analysis for the Identification of Differentially Expressed Hub Genes Using Myogenin Knock-down Muscle Satellite Cells. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26200109 PMCID: PMC4511796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle, a multinucleate syncytium formed by the fusion of mononuclear myoblasts, arises from quiescent progenitors (satellite cells) via activation of muscle-specific transcription factors (MyoD, Myf5, myogenin: MYOG, and MRF4). Subsequent to a decline in Pax7, induction in the expression of MYOG is a hallmark of myoblasts that have entered the differentiation phase following cell cycle withdrawal. It is evident that MYOG function cannot be compensated by any other myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). Despite a plethora of information available regarding MYOG, the mechanism by which MYOG regulates muscle cell differentiation has not yet been identified. Using an RNA-Seq approach, analysis of MYOG knock-down muscle satellite cells (MSCs) have shown that genes associated with cell cycle and division, DNA replication, and phosphate metabolism are differentially expressed. By constructing an interaction network of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using GeneMANIA, cadherin-associated protein (CTNNA2) was identified as the main hub gene in the network with highest node degree. Four functional clusters (modules or communities) were identified in the network and the functional enrichment analysis revealed that genes included in these clusters significantly contribute to skeletal muscle development. To confirm this finding, in vitro studies revealed increased expression of CTNNA2 in MSCs on day 12 compared to day 10. Expression of CTNNA2 was decreased in MYOG knock-down cells. However, knocking down CTNNA2, which leads to increased expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes (type I collagen α1 and type I collagen α2) along with myostatin (MSTN), was not found significantly affecting the expression of MYOG in C2C12 cells. We therefore propose that MYOG exerts its regulatory effects by acting upstream of CTNNA2, which in turn regulates the differentiation of C2C12 cells via interaction with ECM genes. Taken together, these findings highlight a new mechanism by which MYOG interacts with CTNNA2 in order to promote myoblast differentiation.
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36
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Skeletal muscle microRNA and messenger RNA profiling in cofilin-2 deficient mice reveals cell cycle dysregulation hindering muscle regeneration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123829. [PMID: 25874796 PMCID: PMC4395318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital myopathies are rare skeletal muscle diseases presenting in early age with hypotonia and weakness often linked to a genetic defect. Mutations in the gene for cofilin-2 (CFL2) have been identified in several families as a cause of congenital myopathy with nemaline bodies and cores. Here we explore the global messenger and microRNA expression patterns in quadriceps muscle samples from cofillin-2-null mice and compare them with sibling-matched wild-type mice to determine the molecular pathways and mechanisms involved. Cell cycle processes are markedly dysregulated, with altered expression of genes involved in mitotic spindle formation, and evidence of loss of cell cycle checkpoint regulation. Importantly, alterations in cell cycle, apoptosis and proliferation pathways are present in both mRNA and miRNA expression patterns. Specifically, p21 transcript levels were increased, and the expression of p21 targets, such as cyclin D and cyclin E, was decreased. We therefore hypothesize that deficiency of cofilin-2 is associated with interruption of the cell cycle at several checkpoints, hindering muscle regeneration. Identification of these pathways is an important step towards developing appropriate therapies against various congenital myopathies.
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37
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Song YJ, Choi JH, Lee H. Setdb1 is required for myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblast cells via maintenance of MyoD expression. Mol Cells 2015; 38:362-72. [PMID: 25715926 PMCID: PMC4400312 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.2291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Setdb1, an H3-K9 specific histone methyltransferase, is associated with transcriptional silencing of euchromatic genes through chromatin modification. Functions of Setdb1 during development have been extensively studied in embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells as well as neurogenic progenitor cells. But the role of Sedtdb1 in myogenic differentiation remains unknown. In this study, we report that Setdb1 is required for myogenic potential of C2C12 myoblast cells through maintaining the expressions of MyoD and muscle-specific genes. We find that reduced Setdb1 expression in C2C12 myoblast cells severely delayed differentiation of C2C12 myoblast cells, whereas exogenous Setdb1 expression had little effect on. Gene expression profiling analysis using oligonucleotide micro-array and RNA-Seq technologies demonstrated that depletion of Setdb1 results in downregulation of MyoD as well as the components of muscle fiber in proliferating C2C12 cells. In addition, exogenous expression of MyoD reversed transcriptional repression of MyoD promoter-driven lucif-erase reporter by Setdb1 shRNA and rescued myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblast cells depleted of endogenous Setdb1. Taken together, these results provide new insights into how levels of key myogenic regulators are maintained prior to induction of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Joon Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Inha University, Incheon 402-751,
Korea
| | - Jang Hyun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Inha University, Incheon 402-751,
Korea
| | - Hansol Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Inha University, Incheon 402-751,
Korea
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38
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A cis-regulatory mutation in troponin-I of Drosophila reveals the importance of proper stoichiometry of structural proteins during muscle assembly. Genetics 2015; 200:149-65. [PMID: 25747460 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.175604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid and high wing-beat frequencies achieved during insect flight are powered by the indirect flight muscles, the largest group of muscles present in the thorax. Any anomaly during the assembly and/or structural impairment of the indirect flight muscles gives rise to a flightless phenotype. Multiple mutagenesis screens in Drosophila melanogaster for defective flight behavior have led to the isolation and characterization of mutations that have been instrumental in the identification of many proteins and residues that are important for muscle assembly, function, and disease. In this article, we present a molecular-genetic characterization of a flightless mutation, flightless-H (fliH), originally designated as heldup-a (hdp-a). We show that fliH is a cis-regulatory mutation of the wings up A (wupA) gene, which codes for the troponin-I protein, one of the troponin complex proteins, involved in regulation of muscle contraction. The mutation leads to reduced levels of troponin-I transcript and protein. In addition to this, there is also coordinated reduction in transcript and protein levels of other structural protein isoforms that are part of the troponin complex. The altered transcript and protein stoichiometry ultimately culminates in unregulated acto-myosin interactions and a hypercontraction muscle phenotype. Our results shed new insights into the importance of maintaining the stoichiometry of structural proteins during muscle assembly for proper function with implications for the identification of mutations and disease phenotypes in other species, including humans.
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39
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Cho OH, Mallappa C, Hernández-Hernández JM, Rivera-Pérez JA, Imbalzano AN. Contrasting roles for MyoD in organizing myogenic promoter structures during embryonic skeletal muscle development. Dev Dyn 2014; 244:43-55. [PMID: 25329411 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the complexities of skeletal muscle differentiation is a temporal distinction in the onset of expression of different lineage-specific genes. The lineage-determining factor MyoD is bound to myogenic genes at the onset of differentiation whether gene activation is immediate or delayed. How temporal regulation of differentiation-specific genes is established remains unclear. RESULTS Using embryonic tissue, we addressed the molecular differences in the organization of the myogenin and muscle creatine kinase (MCK) gene promoters by examining regulatory factor binding as a function of both time and spatial organization during somitogenesis. At the myogenin promoter, binding of the homeodomain factor Pbx1 coincided with H3 hyperacetylation and was followed by binding of co-activators that modulate chromatin structure. MyoD and myogenin binding occurred subsequently, demonstrating that Pbx1 facilitates chromatin remodeling and modification before myogenic regulatory factor binding. At the same time, the MCK promoter was bound by HDAC2 and MyoD, and activating histone marks were largely absent. The association of HDAC2 and MyoD was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation assay (PLA), and sequential ChIP. CONCLUSIONS MyoD differentially promotes activated and repressed chromatin structures at myogenic genes early after the onset of skeletal muscle differentiation in the developing mouse embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok Hyun Cho
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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40
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Ozdemir C, Akpulat U, Sharafi P, Yıldız Y, Onbaşılar I, Kocaefe C. Periostin is temporally expressed as an extracellular matrix component in skeletal muscle regeneration and differentiation. Gene 2014; 553:130-9. [PMID: 25303869 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional events and pathways responsible for the acquisition of the myogenic phenotype during regeneration and myogenesis have been studied extensively. The modulators that shape the extracellular matrix in health and disease, however, are less understood. Understanding the components and pathways of this remodeling will aid the restoration of the architecture and prevent deterioration under pathological conditions such as fibrosis. Periostin, a matricellular protein associated with remodeling of the extracellular matrix and connective tissue architecture, is emerging in pathological conditions associated with fibrosis in adult life. Periostin also complicates fibrosis in degenerative skeletal muscle conditions such as dystrophies. This study primarily addresses the spatial and temporal involvement of periostin along skeletal muscle regeneration. In the acute skeletal muscle injury model that shows recovery without fibrosis, we show that periostin is rapidly disrupted along with the extensive necrosis and periostin mRNA is transiently upregulated during the myotube maturation. This expression is stringently initiated from the newly regenerating fibers. However, this observation is contrasting to a model that displays extensive fibrosis where upregulation of periostin expression is stable and confined to the fibrotic compartments of endomysial and perimysial space. In vitro myoblast differentiation further supports the claim that upregulation of periostin expression is a function of extracellular matrix remodeling during myofiber differentiation and maturation. We further seek to identify the expression kinetics of various periostin isoforms during the differentiation of rat and mouse myoblasts. Results depict that a singular periostin isoform dominated the rat muscle, contrasting to multiple isoforms in C2C12 myoblast cells. This study shows that periostin, a mediator with deleterious impact on conditions exhibiting fibrosis, is also produced and secreted by myoblasts and regenerating myofibers during architectural remodeling in the course of development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Ozdemir
- Dept. of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Uğur Akpulat
- Dept. of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Parisa Sharafi
- Dept. of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yılmaz Yıldız
- Dept. of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ilyas Onbaşılar
- Laboratory Animal Breeding and Research Unit, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cetin Kocaefe
- Dept. of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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Grzelkowska-Kowalczyk K, Wicik Z, Majewska A, Tokarska J, Grabiec K, Kozłowski M, Milewska M, Błaszczyk M. Transcriptional regulation of important cellular processes in skeletal myogenesis through interferon-γ. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2014; 35:89-99. [PMID: 25237846 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of interferon (IFN)-γ on the transcriptomic profile of differentiating mouse C2C12 myogenic cells. Global gene expression was evaluated using whole mouse genome oligonucleotide microarrays, and the results were validated through real-time PCR. IFN-γ (1 ng/mL) increased myoblast proliferation but decreased cell respiration and myosin heavy chain content and slightly decreased the fusion index in differentiating C2C12 cell cultures. The genes upregulated through IFN-γ were involved in cell cycle; regulation of cell proliferation; programmed cell death; chemotaxis; and cytokine, growth factor, and peptidase activity, whereas the genes downregulated through IFN-γ primarily contributed to the regulation of transcription, cell-cell signaling, nitrogen compound biosynthesis, ser/thr protein kinase signaling, and regulation of the Wnt pathway. In conclusion, IFN-γ affects the expression of numerous genes associated with the regulation of several processes in myogenesis. The effects of IFN-γ on cellular transcription include (1) alteration of cytokine/growth factor expression, promoting cell proliferation and migration but inhibiting differentiation, (2) impairment of pro-myogenic transcription, (3) disruption of cell adhesion and sarcolemma/cytoskeleton organization, and (4) increased peptidase activity leading to enhanced proteolysis and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grzelkowska-Kowalczyk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW) , Warsaw, Poland
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42
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Rajabi HN, Takahashi C, Ewen ME. Retinoblastoma protein and MyoD function together to effect the repression of Fra-1 and in turn cyclin D1 during terminal cell cycle arrest associated with myogenesis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:23417-27. [PMID: 25006242 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.532572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of skeletal muscle-specific function and terminal cell cycle arrest represent two important features of the myogenic differentiation program. These cellular processes are distinct and can be separated genetically. The lineage-specific transcription factor MyoD and the retinoblastoma protein pRb participate in both of these cellular events. Whether and how MyoD and pRb work together to effect terminal cell cycle arrest is uncertain. To address this question, we focused on cyclin D1, whose stable repression is required for terminal cell cycle arrest and execution of myogenesis. MyoD and pRb are both required for the repression of cyclin D1; their actions, however, were found not to be direct. Rather, they operate to regulate the immediate early gene Fra-1, a critical player in mitogen-dependent induction of cyclin D1. Two conserved MyoD-binding sites were identified in an intronic enhancer of Fra-1 and shown to be required for the stable repression of Fra-1 and, in turn, cyclin D1. Localization of MyoD alone to the intronic enhancer of Fra-1 in the absence of pRb was not sufficient to elicit a block to Fra-1 induction; pRb was also recruited to the intronic enhancer in a MyoD-dependent manner. These observations suggest that MyoD and pRb work together cooperatively at the level of the intronic enhancer of Fra-1 during terminal cell cycle arrest. This work reveals a previously unappreciated link between a lineage-specific transcription factor, a tumor suppressor, and a proto-oncogene in the control of an important facet of myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan N Rajabi
- From the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Chiaki Takahashi
- From the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, the Cancer Research Institute of Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan, and
| | - Mark E Ewen
- From the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, the Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
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43
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Taylor J, Pereyra A, Zhang T, Messi ML, Wang ZM, Hereñú C, Kuan PF, Delbono O. The Cavβ1a subunit regulates gene expression and suppresses myogenin in muscle progenitor cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 205:829-46. [PMID: 24934157 PMCID: PMC4068134 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201403021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cavβ1a acts as a voltage-gated calcium channel-independent regulator of gene expression in muscle progenitor cells and is required for their normal expansion during myogenic development. Voltage-gated calcium channel (Cav) β subunits are auxiliary subunits to Cavs. Recent reports show Cavβ subunits may enter the nucleus and suggest a role in transcriptional regulation, but the physiological relevance of this localization remains unclear. We sought to define the nuclear function of Cavβ in muscle progenitor cells (MPCs). We found that Cavβ1a is expressed in proliferating MPCs, before expression of the calcium conducting subunit Cav1.1, and enters the nucleus. Loss of Cavβ1a expression impaired MPC expansion in vitro and in vivo and caused widespread changes in global gene expression, including up-regulation of myogenin. Additionally, we found that Cavβ1a localizes to the promoter region of a number of genes, preferentially at noncanonical (NC) E-box sites. Cavβ1a binds to a region of the Myog promoter containing an NC E-box, suggesting a mechanism for inhibition of myogenin gene expression. This work indicates that Cavβ1a acts as a Cav-independent regulator of gene expression in MPCs, and is required for their normal expansion during myogenic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Taylor
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Andrea Pereyra
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata (INIBIOLP)/National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), School of Medicine, National University of La Plata, 1900 La Plata, BA, Argentina
| | - Tan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Maria Laura Messi
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Zhong-Min Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Claudia Hereñú
- Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata (INIBIOLP)/National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), School of Medicine, National University of La Plata, 1900 La Plata, BA, Argentina
| | - Pei-Fen Kuan
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Osvaldo Delbono
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
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The dynamics and regulators of cell fate decisions are revealed by pseudotemporal ordering of single cells. Nat Biotechnol 2014. [PMID: 24658644 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2859.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Defining the transcriptional dynamics of a temporal process such as cell differentiation is challenging owing to the high variability in gene expression between individual cells. Time-series gene expression analyses of bulk cells have difficulty distinguishing early and late phases of a transcriptional cascade or identifying rare subpopulations of cells, and single-cell proteomic methods rely on a priori knowledge of key distinguishing markers. Here we describe Monocle, an unsupervised algorithm that increases the temporal resolution of transcriptome dynamics using single-cell RNA-Seq data collected at multiple time points. Applied to the differentiation of primary human myoblasts, Monocle revealed switch-like changes in expression of key regulatory factors, sequential waves of gene regulation, and expression of regulators that were not known to act in differentiation. We validated some of these predicted regulators in a loss-of function screen. Monocle can in principle be used to recover single-cell gene expression kinetics from a wide array of cellular processes, including differentiation, proliferation and oncogenic transformation.
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The dynamics and regulators of cell fate decisions are revealed by pseudotemporal ordering of single cells. Nat Biotechnol 2014; 32:381-386. [PMID: 24658644 PMCID: PMC4122333 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3646] [Impact Index Per Article: 364.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lee EJ, Malik A, Pokharel S, Ahmad S, Mir BA, Cho KH, Kim J, Kong JC, Lee DM, Chung KY, Kim SH, Choi I. Identification of genes differentially expressed in myogenin knock-down bovine muscle satellite cells during differentiation through RNA sequencing analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92447. [PMID: 24647404 PMCID: PMC3960249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) consisting of MyoD, Myf5, myogenin (MyoG) and MRF4 characterizes various phases of skeletal muscle development including myoblast proliferation, cell-cycle exit, cell fusion and the maturation of myotubes to form myofibers. Although it is well known that the function of MyoG cannot be compensated for other MRFs, the molecular mechanism by which MyoG controls muscle cell differentiation is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, RNA-Seq technology was applied to profile changes in gene expression in response to MyoG knock-down (MyoGkd) in primary bovine muscle satellite cells (MSCs). RESULTS About 61-64% of the reads of over 42 million total reads were mapped to more than 13,000 genes in the reference bovine genome. RNA-Seq analysis identified 8,469 unique genes that were differentially expressed in MyoGkd. Among these genes, 230 were up-regulated and 224 were down-regulated by at least four-fold. DAVID Functional Annotation Cluster (FAC) and pathway analysis of all up- and down-regulated genes identified overrepresentation for cell cycle and division, DNA replication, mitosis, organelle lumen, nucleoplasm and cytosol, phosphate metabolic process, phosphoprotein phosphatase activity, cytoskeleton and cell morphogenesis, signifying the functional implication of these processes and pathways during skeletal muscle development. The RNA-Seq data was validated by real time RT-PCR analysis for eight out of ten genes as well as five marker genes investigated. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first RNA-Seq based gene expression analysis of MyoGkd undertaken in primary bovine MSCs. Computational analysis of the differentially expressed genes has identified the significance of genes such as SAP30-like (SAP30L), Protein lyl-1 (LYL1), various matrix metalloproteinases, and several glycogenes in myogenesis. The results of the present study widen our knowledge of the molecular basis of skeletal muscle development and reveal the vital regulatory role of MyoG in retaining muscle cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Lee
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- Bovine Genome Resources Bank, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Adeel Malik
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Smritee Pokharel
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarafraz Ahmad
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bilal Ahmad Mir
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Cho
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoe Kim
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Chan Kong
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Mok Lee
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Yong Chung
- Hanwoo Experiment Station, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Kim
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- Bovine Genome Resources Bank, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Storer NY, White RM, Uong A, Price E, Nielsen GP, Langenau DM, Zon LI. Zebrafish rhabdomyosarcoma reflects the developmental stage of oncogene expression during myogenesis. Development 2013; 140:3040-50. [PMID: 23821038 DOI: 10.1242/dev.087858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma is a pediatric malignancy thought to arise from the uncontrolled proliferation of myogenic cells. Here, we have generated models of rhabdomyosarcoma in the zebrafish by inducing oncogenic KRAS(G12D) expression at different stages during muscle development. Several zebrafish promoters were used, including the cdh15 and rag2 promoters, which drive gene expression in early muscle progenitors, and the mylz2 promoter, which is expressed in differentiating myoblasts. The tumors that developed differed in their ability to recapitulate normal myogenesis. cdh15:KRAS(G12D) and rag2:KRAS(G12D) fish developed tumors that displayed an inability to complete muscle differentiation as determined by histological appearance and gene expression analyses. By contrast, mylz2:KRAS(G12D) tumors more closely resembled mature skeletal muscle and were most similar to well-differentiated human rhabdomyosarcoma in terms of gene expression. mylz2:KRAS(G12D) fish showed significantly improved survival compared with cdh15:KRAS(G12D) and rag2:KRAS(G12D) fish. Tumor-propagating activity was enriched in myf5-expressing cell populations within all of the tumor types. Our results demonstrate that oncogenic KRAS(G12D) expression at different stages during muscle development has profound effects on the ability of tumor cells to recapitulate normal myogenesis, altering the tumorigenic capability of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narie Y Storer
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Characterisation of nuclear architectural alterations during in vitro differentiation of human stem cells of myogenic origin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73231. [PMID: 24019912 PMCID: PMC3760906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell differentiation is based on a synchronised orchestra of complex pathways of intrinsic and extrinsic signals that manifest in the induced expression of specific transcription factors and pivotal genes within the nucleus. One cannot ignore the epigenetic status of differentiating cells, comprising not only histones and DNA modifications but also the spatial and temporal intranuclear chromatin organisation, which is an important regulator of nuclear processes. In the present study, we investigated the nuclear architecture of human primary myoblasts and myocytes in an in vitro culture, with reference to global changes in genomic expression. Repositioning of the chromosomal centromeres, along with alterations in the nuclear shape and volume, was observed as a consequence of myotube formation. Moreover, the microarray data showed that during in vitro myogenesis cells tend to silence rather than induce gene expression. The creation of a chromosome map marked with gene expression changes that were at least 2-fold confirmed the observation. Additionally, almost all of the chromosomal centromeres in the differentiated cells preferentially localised near the nuclear periphery when compared to the undifferentiated cells. The exceptions were chromosomes 7 and 11, in which we were unable to confirm the centromere repositioning. In our opinion, this is the first reported observation of the movement of chromosomal centromeres along differentiating myogenic cells. Based on these data we can conclude that the myogenic differentiation with global gene expression changes is accompanied by the spatial repositioning of chromosomes and chromatin remodelling, which are important processes that regulate cell differentiation.
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van Iterson M, Bervoets S, de Meijer EJ, Buermans HP, 't Hoen PAC, Menezes RX, Boer JM. Integrated analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression: adding biological significance to microRNA target predictions. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:e146. [PMID: 23771142 PMCID: PMC3753644 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Current microRNA target predictions are based on sequence information and empirically derived rules but do not make use of the expression of microRNAs and their targets. This study aimed to improve microRNA target predictions in a given biological context, using in silico predictions, microRNA and mRNA expression. We used target prediction tools to produce lists of predicted targets and used a gene set test designed to detect consistent effects of microRNAs on the joint expression of multiple targets. In a single test, association between microRNA expression and target gene set expression as well as the contribution of the individual target genes on the association are determined. The strongest negatively associated mRNAs as measured by the test were prioritized. We applied our integration method to a well-defined muscle differentiation model. Validation of our predictions in C2C12 cells confirmed predicted targets of known as well as novel muscle-related microRNAs. We further studied associations between microRNA–mRNA pairs in human prostate cancer, finding some pairs that have been recently experimentally validated by others. Using the same study, we showed the advantages of the global test over Pearson correlation and lasso. We conclude that our integrated approach successfully identifies regulated microRNAs and their targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten van Iterson
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics and Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands, Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Dr. Molewaterplein 60, 3015 GJ Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Dmitriev P, Barat A, Polesskaya A, O'Connell MJ, Robert T, Dessen P, Walsh TA, Lazar V, Turki A, Carnac G, Laoudj-Chenivesse D, Lipinski M, Vassetzky YS. Simultaneous miRNA and mRNA transcriptome profiling of human myoblasts reveals a novel set of myogenic differentiation-associated miRNAs and their target genes. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:265. [PMID: 23597168 PMCID: PMC3639941 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background miRNA profiling performed in myogenic cells and biopsies from skeletal muscles has previously identified miRNAs involved in myogenesis. Results Here, we have performed miRNA transcriptome profiling in human affinity-purified CD56+ myoblasts induced to differentiate in vitro. In total, we have identified 60 miRNAs differentially expressed during myogenic differentiation. Many were not known for being differentially expressed during myogenic differentiation. Of these, 14 (miR-23b, miR-28, miR-98, miR-103, miR-107, miR-193a, miR-210, miR-324-5p, miR-324-3p, miR-331, miR-374, miR-432, miR-502, and miR-660) were upregulated and 6 (miR-31, miR-451, miR-452, miR-565, miR-594 and miR-659) were downregulated. mRNA transcriptome profiling performed in parallel resulted in identification of 6,616 genes differentially expressed during myogenic differentiation. Conclusions This simultaneous miRNA/mRNA transcriptome profiling allowed us to predict with high accuracy target genes of myogenesis-related microRNAs and to deduce their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Dmitriev
- UMR 8126, Univ. Paris-Sud 11, CNRS, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, 39, rue Camille-Desmoulins, Villejuif 94805, France
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