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Cardoso Dos Santos LM, Azar P, Brun C, König S, Roatti A, Baertschi AJ, Chaabane C, Bochaton-Piallat ML. Apelin is expressed in intimal smooth muscle cells and promotes their phenotypic transition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18736. [PMID: 37907514 PMCID: PMC10618247 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During atherosclerotic plaque formation, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) switch from a contractile/differentiated to a synthetic/dedifferentiated phenotype. We previously isolated differentiated spindle-shaped (S) and dedifferentiated rhomboid (R) SMCs from porcine coronary artery. R-SMCs express S100A4, a calcium-binding protein. We investigated the role of apelin in this phenotypic conversion, as well as its relationship with S100A4. We found that apelin was highly expressed in R-SMCs compared with S-SMCs. We observed a nuclear expression of apelin in SMCs within experimentally-induced intimal thickening of the porcine coronary artery and rat aorta. Plasmids targeting apelin to the nucleus (N. Ap) and to the secretory vesicles (S. Ap) were transfected into S-SMCs where apelin was barely detectable. Both plasmids induced the SMC transition towards a R-phenotype. Overexpression of N. Ap, and to a lesser degree S. Ap, led to a nuclear localization of S100A4. Stimulation of S-SMCs with platelet-derived growth factor-BB, known to induce the transition toward the R-phenotype, yielded the direct interaction and nuclear expression of both apelin and S100A4. In conclusion, apelin induces a SMC phenotypic transition towards the synthetic phenotype. These results suggest that apelin acts via nuclear re-localization of S100A4, raising the possibility of a new pro-atherogenic relationship between apelin and S100A4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pascal Azar
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Brun
- Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane König
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Angela Roatti
- Department of Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alex J Baertschi
- Department of Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chiraz Chaabane
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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Avian Neuropeptide Y: Beyond Feed Intake Regulation. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9040171. [PMID: 35448669 PMCID: PMC9028514 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9040171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most abundant and ubiquitously expressed neuropeptides in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, and its regulatory effects on feed intake and appetite- have been extensively studied in a wide variety of animals, including mammalian and non-mammalian species. Indeed, NPY has been shown to be involved in the regulation of feed intake and energy homeostasis by exerting stimulatory effects on appetite and feeding behavior in several species including chickens, rabbits, rats and mouse. More recent studies have shown that this neuropeptide and its receptors are expressed in various peripheral tissues, including the thyroid, heart, spleen, adrenal glands, white adipose tissue, muscle and bone. Although well researched centrally, studies investigating the distribution and function of peripherally expressed NPY in avian (non-mammalian vertebrates) species are very limited. Thus, peripherally expressed NPY merits more consideration and further in-depth exploration to fully elucidate its functions, especially in non-mammalian species. The aim of the current review is to provide an integrated synopsis of both centrally and peripherally expressed NPY, with a special focus on the distribution and function of the latter.
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Dhamad A, Zampiga M, Greene ES, Sirri F, Dridi S. Neuropeptide Y and its receptors are expressed in chicken skeletal muscle and regulate mitochondrial function. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 310:113798. [PMID: 33961876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a highly conserved 36-amino acid neurotransmitter, which is primarily expressed in the mammalian arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. It is a potent orexigenic neuropeptide, stimulating appetite and inducing feed intake in a variety of species. Recent research has shown that NPY and its receptors can be expressed by peripheral tissues, but their role is not yet well defined. Specifically, this information is particularly sparse in avian species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the expression of NPY and its receptors, and determine their regulation by environmental and nutritional stressors, in the skeletal muscle of avian species using in vivo and in vitro approaches. Here, we show that NPY and its receptors are expressed in chicken breast and leg muscle as well as in quail myoblast (QM7) cell line. Intraperitoneal injection of recombinant NPY increased feed intake in 9-d old chicks and upregulated the expression of NPY and NPY receptors in breast and leg muscle, suggesting autocrine and/or paracrine roles for NPY. Additionally, NPY is able to modulate the mitochondrial network. In breast muscle, a low dose of NPY upregulated (P < 0.05) the expression of genes involved in ATP production (uncoupling protein, UCP; nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2, NFE2L2) and dynamics (mitofusin 1, MFN1), while a high dose decreased (P < 0.05) markers of mitochondrial dynamics (mitofusin 2, MFN2; OPA1 mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase, OPA1) and increased (P < 0.05) genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (D-loop, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma, PPARG). In leg muscle, NPY decreased (P < 0.05) markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and ATP synthesis (D-loop; peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha, PCG1A; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 beta, PPARGC1B; PPARG; NFE2L2). In QM7 cells, genes associated with mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and ATP synthesis were all upregulated (P < 0.05), even though basal respiration and ATP production were decreased (P < 0.05) with NPY treatment as measured by XF Flux analysis. Together, these data show that the NPY system is expressed in avian skeletal muscle and plays a role in mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Dhamad
- University of Arkansas, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Marco Zampiga
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elizabeth S Greene
- University of Arkansas, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Federico Sirri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sami Dridi
- University of Arkansas, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States.
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GLP-1 receptor independent pathways: emerging beneficial effects of GLP-1 breakdown products. Eat Weight Disord 2017; 22:231-240. [PMID: 28040864 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-016-0352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) axis has emerged as a major therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and, recently, of obesity. The insulinotropic activity of the native incretin hormone GLP-1(7-36)amide, which is mainly exerted through a unique G protein-coupled receptor (GLP-1R), is terminated via enzymatic cleavage by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV that generates a C-terminal GLP-1 metabolite GLP-1(9-36)amide, the major circulating form in plasma. GLP-1(28-36)amide and GLP-1(32-36)amide are further cleavage products derived from GLP-1(7-36)amide and GLP-1(9-36)amide by the action of a neutral endopeptidase known as neprilysin. Until recently, GLP-1-derived metabolites were generally considered metabolically inactive. However, emerging evidence indicates that GLP-1 byproducts have insulinomimetic activities that may contribute to the pleiotropic effects of GLP-1 independently of the canonical GLP-1R. The recent studies reporting the beneficial effects of the administration of these metabolites in vivo and in vitro are the focus of this review. Collectively, these results suggest that GLP-1 metabolites inhibit hepatic glucose production, exert antioxidant cardio- and neuroprotective actions, reduce oxidative stress in vasculature and have both anti-apoptotic and proliferative effects in pancreatic β-cells, putatively by the modulation of mitochondrial functions. These findings have implication in energy homeostasis, obesity and its associated metabolic and cardiovascular complications as well as incretin-based therapies for the treatment of diabetes and obesity.
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Tomas E, Stanojevic V, Habener JF. GLP-1-derived nonapeptide GLP-1(28–36)amide targets to mitochondria and suppresses glucose production and oxidative stress in isolated mouse hepatocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 167:177-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Courel M, Soler-Jover A, Rodriguez-Flores JL, Mahata SK, Elias S, Montero-Hadjadje M, Anouar Y, Giuly RJ, O'Connor DT, Taupenot L. Pro-hormone secretogranin II regulates dense core secretory granule biogenesis in catecholaminergic cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:10030-10043. [PMID: 20061385 PMCID: PMC2843166 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.064196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Processes underlying the formation of dense core secretory granules (DCGs) of neuroendocrine cells are poorly understood. Here, we present evidence that DCG biogenesis is dependent on the secretory protein secretogranin (Sg) II, a member of the granin family of pro-hormone cargo of DCGs in neuroendocrine cells. Depletion of SgII expression in PC12 cells leads to a decrease in both the number and size of DCGs and impairs DCG trafficking of other regulated hormones. Expression of SgII fusion proteins in a secretory-deficient PC12 variant rescues a regulated secretory pathway. SgII-containing dense core vesicles share morphological and physical properties with bona fide DCGs, are competent for regulated exocytosis, and maintain an acidic luminal pH through the V-type H(+)-translocating ATPase. The granulogenic activity of SgII requires a pH gradient along this secretory pathway. We conclude that SgII is a critical factor for the regulation of DCG biogenesis in neuroendocrine cells, mediating the formation of functional DCGs via its pH-dependent aggregation at the trans-Golgi network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïté Courel
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0838.
| | - Alex Soler-Jover
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0838
| | | | - Sushil K Mahata
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0838; Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92093
| | - Salah Elias
- INSERM U982, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-St.-Aignan Cedex, France
| | | | - Youssef Anouar
- INSERM U982, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-St.-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Richard J Giuly
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Daniel T O'Connor
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0838; Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92093.
| | - Laurent Taupenot
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0838; Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92093.
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Tomas E, Habener JF. Insulin-like actions of glucagon-like peptide-1: a dual receptor hypothesis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2010; 21:59-67. [PMID: 20018525 PMCID: PMC4085161 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 11/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
GLP-1 (9-36)amide is the cleavage product of GLP-1(7-36) amide, formed by the action of diaminopeptidyl peptidase-4 (Dpp4), and is the major circulating form in plasma. Whereas GLP-1(7-36)amide stimulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion, GLP-1(9-36)amide has only weak partial insulinotropic agonist activities on the GLP-1 receptor, but suppresses hepatic glucose production, exerts antioxidant cardioprotective actions and reduces oxidative stress in vasculature tissues. These insulin-like activities suggest a role for GLP-1 (9-36)amide in the modulation of mitochondrial functions by mechanisms independent of the GLP-1 receptor. In this paper, we discuss the current literature suggesting that GLP-1(9-36)amide is an active peptide with important insulin-like actions. These findings have implications in nutrient assimilation, energy homeostasis, obesity, and the use of Dpp4 inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tomas
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Kaipio K, Pesonen U. The intracellular mobility of NPY and a putative mitochondrial form of NPY in neuronal cells. Neurosci Lett 2008; 450:181-5. [PMID: 19022345 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2008] [Revised: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Preproneuropeptide Y is a precursor peptide to mature neuropeptide Y (NPY), which is a universally expressed peptide in the central and peripheral nervous system. NPY is normally routed to endoplasmic reticulum and secretory vesicles in cells, which secrete NPY. In our previous studies, we found a functional Leucine7 to Proline7 (L7P) polymorphism in the signal peptide sequence of preproNPY. This polymorphism affects the secretion of NPY and causes multiple physiological effects in humans. The sequence of NPY mRNA contains two in frame kozak sequences that allow translation initiation to shift, and translation of two proteins. In addition to mature NPY(1-36) also a putative truncated NPY(17-36) with mitochondrial targeting signal is produced. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protein mobility of the putative mitochondrial fragment and the effect of the L7P polymorphism on the cellular level using GFP tagged constructs. The mobility was studied with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching technique in a neuronal cell line. We found that the mobility of the secretory vesicles with NPY(1-36) in cells with L7P genotype was increased in comparison to vesicle mobility in cells with the more abundant L7L genotype. The mobility in the cells with the putative mitochondrial construct was found to be very low. According to the results of the present study, the mitochondrial truncated peptide stays in the mitochondrion. It can be hypothesized that this could be one of the factors affecting energy balance of the membranes of the mitochondrion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kaipio
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, PharmaCity, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
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Philip-Couderc P, Tavares NI, Roatti A, Lerch R, Montessuit C, Baertschi AJ. Forkhead Transcription Factors Coordinate Expression of Myocardial KATP Channel Subunits and Energy Metabolism. Circ Res 2008; 102:e20-35. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.107.166744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Philip-Couderc
- From the Department of Neuroscience (P.P.-C., A.R., A.J.B.) and Division of Cardiology (N.I.T., R.L., C.M.), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Isidoro Tavares
- From the Department of Neuroscience (P.P.-C., A.R., A.J.B.) and Division of Cardiology (N.I.T., R.L., C.M.), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Angela Roatti
- From the Department of Neuroscience (P.P.-C., A.R., A.J.B.) and Division of Cardiology (N.I.T., R.L., C.M.), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - René Lerch
- From the Department of Neuroscience (P.P.-C., A.R., A.J.B.) and Division of Cardiology (N.I.T., R.L., C.M.), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Montessuit
- From the Department of Neuroscience (P.P.-C., A.R., A.J.B.) and Division of Cardiology (N.I.T., R.L., C.M.), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alex J. Baertschi
- From the Department of Neuroscience (P.P.-C., A.R., A.J.B.) and Division of Cardiology (N.I.T., R.L., C.M.), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
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