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Hazrati P, Mirtaleb MH, Boroojeni HSH, Koma AAY, Nokhbatolfoghahaei H. Current Trends, Advances, and Challenges of Tissue Engineering-Based Approaches of Tooth Regeneration: A Review of the Literature. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:473-496. [PMID: 35984017 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220818103228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tooth loss is a significant health issue. Currently, this situation is often treated with the use of synthetic materials such as implants and prostheses. However, these treatment modalities do not fully meet patients' biological and mechanical needs and have limited longevity. Regenerative medicine focuses on the restoration of patients' natural tissues via tissue engineering techniques instead of rehabilitating with artificial appliances. Therefore, a tissue-engineered tooth regeneration strategy seems like a promising option to treat tooth loss. OBJECTIVE This review aims to demonstrate recent advances in tooth regeneration strategies and discoveries about underlying mechanisms and pathways of tooth formation. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Whole tooth regeneration, tooth root formation, and dentin-pulp organoid generation have been achieved by using different seed cells and various materials for scaffold production. Bioactive agents are critical elements for the induction of cells into odontoblast or ameloblast lineage. Some substantial pathways enrolled in tooth development have been figured out, helping researchers design their experiments more effectively and aligned with the natural process of tooth formation. CONCLUSION According to current knowledge, tooth regeneration is possible in case of proper selection of stem cells, appropriate design and manufacturing of a biocompatible scaffold, and meticulous application of bioactive agents for odontogenic induction. Understanding innate odontogenesis pathways play a crucial role in accurately planning regenerative therapeutic interventions in order to reproduce teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Hazrati
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Helia Sadat Haeri Boroojeni
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hanieh Nokhbatolfoghahaei
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bio-Pulsed Stimulation Effectively Improves the Production of Avian Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles That Enhance the Bioactivity of Skin Fibroblasts and Hair Follicle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315010. [PMID: 36499339 PMCID: PMC9740660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (exosomes) possess regeneration, cell proliferation, wound healing, and anti-senescence capabilities. The functions of exosomes can be modified by preconditioning MSCs through treatment with bio-pulsed reagents (Polygonum multiflorum Thunb extract). However, the beneficial effects of bio-pulsed small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) on the skin or hair remain unknown. This study investigated the in vitro mechanistic basis through which bio-pulsed sEVs enhance the bioactivity of the skin fibroblasts and hair follicle cells. Avian-derived MSCs (AMSCs) were isolated, characterized, and bio-pulsed to produce AMSC-sEVs, which were isolated, lyophilized, characterized, and analyzed. The effects of bio-pulsed AMSC-sEVs on cell proliferation, wound healing, and gene expression associated with skin and hair bioactivity were examined using human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) and follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs). Bio-pulsed treatment significantly enhanced sEVs production by possibly upregulating RAB27A expression in AMSCs. Bio-pulsed AMSC-sEVs contained more exosomal proteins and RNAs than the control. Bio-pulsed AMSC-sEVs significantly augmented cell proliferation, wound healing, and gene expression in HSFs and HFDPCs. The present study investigated the role of bio-pulsed AMSC-sEVs in the bioactivity of the skin fibroblasts and hair follicle cells as mediators to offer potential health benefits for skin and hair.
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Tu Z, Karnoub AE. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in breast cancer development and management. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:81-92. [PMID: 36087857 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) encompass a heterogeneous population of fibroblastic progenitor cells that reside in multiple tissues around the body. They are endowed with capacities to differentiate into multiple connective tissue lineages, including chondrocytes, adipocytes, and osteoblasts, and are thought to function as trophic cells recruited to sites of injury and inflammation where they contribute to tissue regeneration. In keeping with these roles, MSCs also to home to sites of breast tumorigenesis, akin to their migration to wounds, and participate in tumor stroma formation. Mounting evidence over the past two decades has described the critical regulatory roles for tumor-associated MSCs in various aspects of breast tumor pathogenesis, be it tumor initiation, growth, angiogenesis, tumor microenvironment formation, immune evasion, cancer cell migration, invasion, survival, therapeutic resistance, dissemination, and metastatic colonization. In this review, we present a brief summary of the role of MSCs in breast tumor development and progression, highlight some of the molecular frameworks underlying their pro-malignant contributions, and present evidence of their promising utility in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Tu
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Antoine E Karnoub
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Boston Veterans Affairs Research Institute, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA.
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Salman IS, Al-Shammari AM, Haba MK. Direct Reprogramming of Mice Skin Fibroblasts into Insulin-Producing Cells In Vitro. Cell Reprogram 2021; 24:271-282. [PMID: 34637623 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2021.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transdifferentiation means mature cell conversion into other mature cells. Ethical issues, epigenetic failure, or teratoma development are found in cellular reprogramming strategies. Thus, new methods are needed. This study aimed to develop a new novel formula of chemical molecules and growth factors that differentiate skin fibroblasts into insulin-producing cells (IPCs). Newborn mice fibroblasts differentiated using four induction methods into IPCs to search for the best method. Fibroblasts, stem cells, and pancreatic markers were identified using an immunocytochemistry (ICC) assay. Insulin was measured using ELISA and dithizone (DTZ) assays. The skin fibroblasts were induced successfully into IPCs. The best method to obtain IPCs was indicated by measuring insulin concentration in differentiated cell supernatant from all induced cells by the four methods. The protein expression of the pancreatic markers of induced cells increased with time, as indicated by the ICC assay. OCT3/4 increased on day 9, after which the expression tended to decrease. DTZ-positive clusters were observed on day 16. Secreted insulin of differentiated cells was injected in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, which decreased blood glucose levels after injection. This study indicated an efficient new chemical method for transdifferentiating skin fibroblasts into functional IPCs, which is a promising method for diabetes mellitus therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa S Salman
- Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Majeed Al-Shammari
- Experimental Therapy Department, Iraqi Center of Cancer and Medical Genetic Research, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mukhtar Khamis Haba
- Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Chicken Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Applications: A Mini Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071883. [PMID: 34202772 PMCID: PMC8300106 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that are capable of differentiation into bone, muscle, fat, and closely related lineages and express unique and specific cell surface markers. They can be used as an avian culture model to better understand osteogenic, adipogenic, and myogenic pathways. Moreover, MSCs could also be used as a model to study various developmental and physiological processes in avian and other species. To obtain a comprehensive overview of this topic, the keywords “mesenchymal stem cells”, “chicken”, “disease”, “chicken dermatitis”, “viral infections in chicken”, and “antibiotics in chicken” were searched in WOS and PUBMED databases to obtain relevant information. Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that adhere to plastic; express the specific markers CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105; and produce cytokines and growth factors supporting and regulating hematopoiesis. MSCs have capacity for differentiating into osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and myocytes. They are useful for research toward better understanding the pathogenic potential of the infectious bursal disease virus, mineralization during osteogenesis, and interactions between MSCs as a feeder layer to other cells. MSCs are also important for immunomodulatory cell therapy, can provide a suitable strategy model for coculture with pathogens causing dermatitis disorders in chickens, can be cultured in vitro with probiotics and prebiotics with a view to eliminate the feeding of antibiotic growth promoters, and offer cell-based meat production. Moreover, bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) in coculture with hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells (HPCs/HSCs) can support expansion and regulation of the hematopoiesis process using the 3D-culture system in future research in chickens. MSCs’ several advantages, including ready availability, strong proliferation, and immune modulatory properties make them a suitable model in the field of stem cell research. This review summarizes current knowledge about the general characterization of MSCs and their application in chicken as a model organism.
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Comparison of similar cells: Mesenchymal stromal cells and fibroblasts. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151634. [PMID: 33059115 PMCID: PMC7550172 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Almost from all organs, both mesenchymal stromal cells and fibroblasts can be isolated. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are the most preferred cellular therapeutic agents with the regenerative potential, and fibroblasts are one of the most abundant cell types with the ability to maintain homeostasis. Because of the promising properties of MSCs, they have been well studied and their differentiation potentials, immunomodulatory potentials, gene expression profiles are identified. It has been observed that fibroblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells have similar morphology, gene expression patterns, surface markers, proliferation, differentiation, and immunomodulatory capacities. Thus, it is hard to distinguish these two cell types. Epigenetic signatures, i.e., methylation patterns of cells, are the only usable promising difference between them. Such significant similarities show that these two cells may be related to each other.
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Moon KC, Chung HY, Han SK, Jeong SH, Dhong ES. Tissue-engineered dermis grafts using stromal vascular fraction cells on the nose: A retrospective case-control study. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2019; 73:965-974. [PMID: 31902623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2019.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a previous study, our group demonstrated that cultured autologous fibroblast-seeded artificial dermis was superior to artificial dermis for covering defects after surgical excision of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in terms of scar quality. However, utilizing cultured cells for clinical purposes requires Food and Drug Administration-approved facilities and techniques and a lengthy culture period. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the effects of tissue-engineered dermis containing stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells with artificial dermis on scar quality after surgical excision of BCC on the nose. METHODS Between April 2010 and February 2018, patients who were treated with tissue-engineered or artificial dermis grafts and those with a follow-up period of greater than a year were included in this study. The Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scales (POSAS) were compared between two groups according to the location of the graft, which was classified based on nasal subunits: the upper two-thirds zone; the lower one-third zone, except for the ala; and the alar zone. RESULTS A tissue-engineered dermis composed of SVF cells and an artificial dermis were applied to 30 and 47 patients, respectively. In upper two-thirds and lower one-third zones, except for the ala, no statistically significant differences were found in any parameters. In the alar zone, statistically significant differences were detected in 10 of 21 POSAS parameters. CONCLUSION To cover nasal defects, the tissue-engineered dermis graft may be superior to the artificial dermis graft regarding scar quality at the ala. However, there were no significant differences in other zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Chul Moon
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Guro-Dong, Guro-Ku, 152-703 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Yoon Chung
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Guro-Dong, Guro-Ku, 152-703 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kyu Han
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Guro-Dong, Guro-Ku, 152-703 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Ho Jeong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Guro-Dong, Guro-Ku, 152-703 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sang Dhong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Guro-Dong, Guro-Ku, 152-703 Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Adhikari R, Chen C, Waters E, West FD, Kim WK. Isolation and Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Broiler Chicken Compact Bones. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1892. [PMID: 30723419 PMCID: PMC6350342 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used as an avian culture model to better understand osteogenic, adipogenic, and myogenic pathways and to identify unique bioactive nutrients and molecules which can promote or inhibit these pathways. MSCs could also be used as a model to study various developmental, physiological, and therapeutic processes in avian and other species. MSCs are multipotent stem cells that are capable of differentiation into bone, muscle, fat, and closely related lineages and express unique and specific cell surface markers. MSCs have been isolated from numerous sources including human, mouse, rabbit, and chicken with potential clinical and agricultural applications. MSCs from chicken compact bones have not been isolated and characterized yet. In this study, MSCs were isolated from compact bones of the femur and tibia of day-old male broiler chicks to investigate the biological characteristics of the isolated cells. Isolated cells took 8–10 days to expand, demonstrated a monolayer growth pattern and were plastic adherent. Putative MSCs were spindle-shaped with elongated ends and showed rapid proliferation. MSCs demonstrated osteoblastic, adipocytic, and myogenic differentiation when induced with specific differentiation media. Cell surface markers for MSCs such as CD90, CD105, CD73, CD44 were detected positive and CD31, CD34, and CD45 cells were detected negative by PCR assay. The results suggest that MSCs isolated from broiler compact bones (cBMSCs) possess similar biological characteristics as MSCs isolated from other chicken tissue sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Adhikari
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Chongxiao Chen
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Waters
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Franklin D West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Chen F, Bi D, Cheng C, Ma S, Liu Y, Cheng K. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 enhances the osteogenic differentiation of human dermal-derived CD105+ fibroblast cells through the Smad and MAPK pathways. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:37-46. [PMID: 30365093 PMCID: PMC6257832 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin, as the largest organ of the human body, is an important source of stromal stem cells with multipotent differentiation potential. CD105+ mesenchymal stem cells exhibit a higher level of stemness than CD105− cells. In the present study, human dermal-derived CD105+ fibroblast cells (CD105+ hDDFCs) were isolated from human foreskin specimens using immunomagnetic isolation methods to examine the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-7 in osteogenic differentiation. Adenovirus-mediated recombinant BMP7 expression enhanced osteogenesis-associated gene expression, calcium deposition, and alkaline phosphatase activity. Investigation of the underlying mechanisms showed that BMP7 activated small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) and p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in CD105+ hDDFCs. The small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Smad4 or inhibition of p38 attenuated the BMP7-induced enhancement of osteogenic differentiation. In an in vivo ectopic bone formation model, the adenovirus-mediated overexpression of BMP7 enhanced bone formation from CD105+ hDDFCs. Taken together, these data indicated that adenoviral BMP7 gene transfer in CD105+ hDDFCs may be developed as an effective tool for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuguo Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Dan Bi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Sunxiang Ma
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Kaixiang Cheng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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Soundararajan M, Kannan S. Fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells: Two sides of the same coin? J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9099-9109. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Suresh Kannan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Sri Ramachandra University Chennai Tamil Nadu India
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11
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Chen F, Bi D, Cao G, Cheng C, Ma S, Liu Y, Cheng K. Bone morphogenetic protein 7-transduced human dermal-derived fibroblast cells differentiate into osteoblasts and form bone in vivo. Connect Tissue Res 2018; 59:223-232. [PMID: 28696808 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2017.1353085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human dermal-derived fibroblast cells (hDDFCs) are multipotent. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of cytokines that promote different developmental processes, including the formation of bone. BMPs can promote hDDFC osteogenesis, but the role of BMP7 in hDDFC osteogenesis in vitro and bone formation in vivo has not been investigated in depth. MATERIALS AND METHODS hDDFCs were stably transfected with a human BMP7 recombinant adenovirus and osteogenic differentiation was examined by alkaline phosphatase staining and calcium accumulation. In addition, we measured the expression of osteoblast-related genes. To examine osteogenesis in vivo, we injected C57BL/6 nude mice with adenovirus-transfected hDDFCs in a calcium alginate hydrogel and examined bone formation using soft X-ray, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS Our findings showed that adenovirus-mediated BMP7 expression promoted osteogenic differentiation of hDDFCs and enhanced expression of osteoblast-related genes in vitro. Cells infected with BMP7 adenoviruses showed enhanced bone formation and osteoblast-related gene expression in vivo after the injection of hDDFC-hydrogel mixture. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data indicate that BMP7 significantly promotes hDDFC osteogenesis, and confirm that infecting hDDFCs with BMP7-expressing adenoviruses is a useful tool for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuguo Chen
- a Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Dan Bi
- a Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Guangqing Cao
- a Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Chen Cheng
- a Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Sunxiang Ma
- a Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yang Liu
- a Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Kaixiang Cheng
- a Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
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Virador GM, de Marcos L, Virador VM. Skin Wound Healing: Refractory Wounds and Novel Solutions. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1879:221-241. [PMID: 29797010 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2018_161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This overview of the current state of skin wound healing includes in vitro and in vivo approaches along with some recent clinical trials. From an introduction to wound healing, to tissue engineering as applied to the skin, we cover the basis for the current wound care techniques as well as novel and promising approaches. Special emphasis is given to refractory wounds which include wounds in diabetic patients. Natural compounds have been ever present in wound healing, and so we devote a section to highlighting current attempts to understand their mechanisms and to use them in novel ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel M Virador
- Biology Department, Montgomery College, Rockville, MD, USA.,University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | | | - Victoria M Virador
- Biology Department, Montgomery College, Rockville, MD, USA. .,Virador and Associates, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Sudheer Shenoy P, Bose B. Identification, isolation, quantification and systems approach towards CD34, a biomarker present in the progenitor/stem cells from diverse lineages. Methods 2017; 131:147-156. [PMID: 28684339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) constitute the diverse progenitor populations in almost every tissue and are of immense importance in the field of regenerative medicine. CD34 is a cell surface glycoprotein identified first as a marker for the MSCs of hematopoietic origin. CD34 is now known to be expressed in cells of diverse lineages (tissues of non-hematopoietic origin) such as ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm and is considered as a general marker for progenitor cells. Here, we present detailed protocols to obtain pure populations of MSCs from three diverse lineages such as skeletal muscle, skin, and liver from mouse tissues. We also present here the protocol for systems biology approach (proteomic analysis) of these purified cells. This proteomic approach can elucidate key signalling pathways and proteins utilized by these CD34 positive cells in undifferentiated and differentiated conditions. Furthermore in-depth proteomic analysis can also identify the altered proteome which is responsible for their function during non-clinical and clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sudheer Shenoy
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya University, University Road, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India.
| | - Bipasha Bose
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya University, University Road, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India.
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Abstract
For decades, researchers have been fascinated by the strategy of using cell therapy for bone defects; some progress in the field has been made. Owing to its ample supply and easy access, skin, the largest organ in the body, has gained attention as a potential source of stem cells. Despite extensive applications in skin and nerve regeneration, an increasing number of reports indicate its potential use in bone tissue engineering and regeneration. Unfortunately, few review articles are available to outline current research efforts in skin-based osteogenesis. This review first summarizes the latest findings on stem cells or progenitors in skin and their niches and then discusses the strategies of skin cell-based osteogenesis. We hope this article elucidates this topic and generates new ideas for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingliang Wang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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15
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Kwon SB, An S, Kim MJ, Kim KR, Choi YM, Ahn KJ, An IS, Cha HJ. Phytosphingosine-1-phosphate and epidermal growth factor synergistically restore extracellular matrix in human dermal fibroblasts in vitro and in vivo. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:741-748. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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16
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Luesma MJ, Cantarero I, Ranera B, Remacha AR, Castiella T, Romero A, Martín I, Rodellar C, Junquera C. Primary Cilia in Chondrogenic Differentiation of Equine Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Ultrastructural Study. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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17
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Esteban-Vives R, Young MT, Zhu T, Beiriger J, Pekor C, Ziembicki J, Corcos A, Rubin P, Gerlach JC. Calculations for reproducible autologous skin cell-spray grafting. Burns 2016; 42:1756-1765. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Lee SB, Shim S, Kim MJ, Shin HY, Jang WS, Lee SJ, Jin YW, Lee SS, Park S. Identification of a distinct subpopulation of fibroblasts from murine dermis: CD73(-) CD105(+) as potential marker of dermal fibroblasts subset with multipotency. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:1008-16. [PMID: 27170595 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Skin dermis includes various types of multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) and a subpopulation of dermal fibroblasts that exhibit the ability to differentiate. However, characterization of this dermal fibroblast subtype remains less understood. In this study, we isolated dermal cells from the skin of newborn C57/B6 mice and investigated their characteristics. Isolated murine dermal cells exhibited a fibroblast phenotype as judged by accepted criteria including a lack of MSC-related antigens and the differentiation potential of MSCs, and the positive expression of fibroblast markers. A comparative analysis demonstrated that CD73(-) CD105(+) but not CD73(-) CD105(-) dermal fibroblasts exhibited some of the functional properties of MSCs. Furthermore, the multipotent phenotype of CD73(-) CD105(+) cells was diminished by treatment of CD105 siRNA and shRNA, indicating that CD105 expression was critical for the retention of differentiation potential of those cells. Overall, these results suggest that CD73(-) CD105(+) cells are a distinct subset of dermal fibroblasts with multipotency and that their surface antigens could help to classify this subpopulation. These cells may contribute to the regeneration of damaged tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Bum Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehwan Shim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yun Shin
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Suk Jang
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Joo Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Jin
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Sook Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhoo Park
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Li Q, Zhang C, Fu X. Will stem cells bring hope to pathological skin scar treatment? Cytotherapy 2016; 18:943-956. [PMID: 27293205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pathological skin scars, such as keloids, aesthetically and psychosocially affect patients. The quest for scar reduction and the increasing recognition of patient satisfaction has led to the continued exploration of scar treatment. Stem cells are a promising source for tissue repair and regeneration. The multi-potency and secretory functions of these cells could offer possible treatments for pathological scars and have been examined in recent studies. Here, we analyze the factors that influence the formation of pathological skin scars, summarize recent research on pathological scar treatment with stem cells and elaborate on the possible mechanisms of this treatment. Additionally, other effects of stem cell treatments are also presented while evaluating potential side effects of stem cell-based pathological scar treatments. Thus, this review may provide meaningful guidance in the clinic for scar treatments with stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Li
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Stem Cell and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China.
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Patenaude J, Perreault C. Thymic Mesenchymal Cells Have a Distinct Transcriptomic Profile. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:4760-70. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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Camarero-Espinosa S, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Foster EJ, Weder C. Articular cartilage: from formation to tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:734-67. [PMID: 26923076 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00068a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyaline cartilage is the nonlinear, inhomogeneous, anisotropic, poro-viscoelastic connective tissue that serves as friction-reducing and load-bearing cushion in synovial joints and is vital for mammalian skeletal movements. Due to its avascular nature, low cell density, low proliferative activity and the tendency of chondrocytes to de-differentiate, cartilage cannot regenerate after injury, wear and tear, or degeneration through common diseases such as osteoarthritis. Therefore severe damage usually requires surgical intervention. Current clinical strategies to generate new tissue include debridement, microfracture, autologous chondrocyte transplantation, and mosaicplasty. While articular cartilage was predicted to be one of the first tissues to be successfully engineered, it proved to be challenging to reproduce the complex architecture and biomechanical properties of the native tissue. Despite significant research efforts, only a limited number of studies have evolved up to the clinical trial stage. This review article summarizes the current state of cartilage tissue engineering in the context of relevant biological aspects, such as the formation and growth of hyaline cartilage, its composition, structure and biomechanical properties. Special attention is given to materials development, scaffold designs, fabrication methods, and template-cell interactions, which are of great importance to the structure and functionality of the engineered tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Camarero-Espinosa
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Pati
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory KTH – Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Schweden
| | - Jesper Gantelius
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory KTH – Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Schweden
| | - Helene Andersson Svahn
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory KTH – Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Schweden
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23
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Pati F, Gantelius J, Svahn HA. 3D Bioprinting of Tissue/Organ Models. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4650-65. [PMID: 26895542 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In vitro tissue/organ models are useful platforms that can facilitate systematic, repetitive, and quantitative investigations of drugs/chemicals. The primary objective when developing tissue/organ models is to reproduce physiologically relevant functions that typically require complex culture systems. Bioprinting offers exciting prospects for constructing 3D tissue/organ models, as it enables the reproducible, automated production of complex living tissues. Bioprinted tissues/organs may prove useful for screening novel compounds or predicting toxicity, as the spatial and chemical complexity inherent to native tissues/organs can be recreated. In this Review, we highlight the importance of developing 3D in vitro tissue/organ models by 3D bioprinting techniques, characterization of these models for evaluating their resemblance to native tissue, and their application in the prioritization of lead candidates, toxicity testing, and as disease/tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Pati
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Gantelius
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helene Andersson Svahn
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Yeung P, Sin HS, Chan S, Chan GCF, Chan BP. Microencapsulation of Neuroblastoma Cells and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Collagen Microspheres: A 3D Model for Cancer Cell Niche Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144139. [PMID: 26657086 PMCID: PMC4682120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing trend for researchers to use in vitro 3D models in cancer studies, as they can better recapitulate the complex in vivo situation. And the fact that the progression and development of tumor are closely associated to its stromal microenvironment has been increasingly recognized. The establishment of such tumor supportive niche is vital in understanding tumor progress and metastasis. The mesenchymal origin of many cells residing in the cancer niche provides the rationale to include MSCs in mimicking the niche in neuroblastoma. Here we co-encapsulate and co-culture NBCs and MSCs in a 3D in vitro model and investigate the morphology, growth kinetics and matrix remodeling in the reconstituted stromal environment. Results showed that the incorporation of MSCs in the model lead to accelerated growth of cancer cells as well as recapitulation of at least partially the tumor microenvironment in vivo. The current study therefore demonstrates the feasibility for the collagen microsphere to act as a 3D in vitro cancer model for various topics in cancer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yeung
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hoi Shun Sin
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Shing Chan
- Department of Adolescence Medicine and Paediatrics, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Godfrey Chi Fung Chan
- Department of Adolescence Medicine and Paediatrics, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Barbara Pui Chan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- * E-mail:
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25
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Forni MF, Ramos Maia Lobba A, Pereira Ferreira AH, Sogayar MC. Simultaneous Isolation of Three Different Stem Cell Populations from Murine Skin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140143. [PMID: 26462205 PMCID: PMC4604199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is a rich source of readily accessible stem cells. The level of plasticity afforded by these cells is becoming increasingly important as the potential of stem cells in Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine continues to be explored. Several protocols described single type stem cell isolation from skin; however, none of them afforded simultaneous isolation of more than one population. Herein, we describe the simultaneous isolation and characterization of three stem cell populations from the dermis and epidermis of murine skin, namely Epidermal Stem Cells (EpiSCs), Skin-derived Precursors (SKPs) and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs). The simultaneous isolation was possible through a simple protocol based on culture selection techniques. These cell populations are shown to be capable of generating chondrocytes, adipocytes, osteocytes, terminally differentiated keratinocytes, neurons and glia, rendering this protocol suitable for the isolation of cells for tissue replenishment and cell based therapies. The advantages of this procedure are far-reaching since the skin is not only the largest organ in the body, but also provides an easily accessible source of stem cells for autologous graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Forni
- Núcleo de Terapia Celular e Molecular (NUCEL/NETCEM), Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05360-130 SP, Brasil
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000 SP, Brasil
| | - Aline Ramos Maia Lobba
- Núcleo de Terapia Celular e Molecular (NUCEL/NETCEM), Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05360-130 SP, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Hamilton Pereira Ferreira
- Núcleo de Terapia Celular e Molecular (NUCEL/NETCEM), Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05360-130 SP, Brasil
| | - Mari Cleide Sogayar
- Núcleo de Terapia Celular e Molecular (NUCEL/NETCEM), Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05360-130 SP, Brasil
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000 SP, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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26
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Keith MCL, Bolli R. "String theory" of c-kit(pos) cardiac cells: a new paradigm regarding the nature of these cells that may reconcile apparently discrepant results. Circ Res 2015; 116:1216-30. [PMID: 25814683 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.305557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although numerous preclinical investigations have consistently demonstrated salubrious effects of c-kit(pos) cardiac cells administered after myocardial infarction, the mechanism of action remains highly controversial. We and others have found little or no evidence that these cells differentiate into mature functional cardiomyocytes, suggesting paracrine effects. In this review, we propose a new paradigm predicated on a comprehensive analysis of the literature, including studies of cardiac development; we have (facetiously) dubbed this conceptual construct "string theory" of c-kit(pos) cardiac cells because it reconciles multifarious and sometimes apparently discrepant results. There is strong evidence that, during development, the c-kit receptor is expressed in different pools of cardiac progenitors (some capable of robust cardiomyogenesis and others with little or no contribution to myocytes). Accordingly, c-kit positivity, in itself, does not define the embryonic origins, lineage capabilities, or differentiation capacities of specific cardiac progenitors. C-kit(pos) cells derived from the first heart field exhibit cardiomyogenic potential during development, but these cells are likely depleted shortly before or after birth. The residual c-kit(pos) cells found in the adult heart are probably of proepicardial origin, possess a mesenchymal phenotype (resembling bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells), and are capable of contributing significantly only to nonmyocytic lineages (fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells). If these 2 populations (first heart field and proepicardium) express different levels of c-kit, the cardiomyogenic potential of first heart field progenitors might be reconciled with recent results of c-kit(pos) cell lineage tracing studies. The concept that c-kit expression in the adult heart identifies epicardium-derived, noncardiomyogenic precursors with a mesenchymal phenotype helps to explain the beneficial effects of c-kit(pos) cell administration to ischemically damaged hearts despite the observed paucity of cardiomyogenic differentiation of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C L Keith
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Roberto Bolli
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY.
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Chen F, Zhang X, Bi D, Xia L, Lin Y, Zhang W, Liu W, Cao Y. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Screening research on membrane protein of dermal stem/progenitor cells with different differentiation potential. Cytotechnology 2015; 67:175. [PMID: 23475157 PMCID: PMC4294848 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fuguo Chen
- />Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, No.639 Zhi Zaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- />Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai 10th People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Bi
- />Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, No.639 Zhi Zaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Linlin Xia
- />Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, No.639 Zhi Zaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Lin
- />Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai 10th People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- />Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, No.639 Zhi Zaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- />Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, No.639 Zhi Zaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilin Cao
- />Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, No.639 Zhi Zaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
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Isolation of human dermis derived mesenchymal stem cells using explants culture method: expansion and phenotypical characterization. Cell Tissue Bank 2014; 16:209-18. [PMID: 25163610 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-014-9471-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that stem cells can be isolated from a wide range of tissues including bone marrow, fatty tissue, adipose tissue and placenta. Moreover, several studies also suggest that skin dermis could serve as a source of stem cells, but are of unclear phenotype. Therefore, we isolated and investigated to determine the potential of stem cell within human skin dermis. We isolated cells from human dermis, termed here as human dermis-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hDMSCs) which is able to be isolated by using explants culture method. Our method has an advantage over the enzymatic method as it is easier, less expensive and less cell damage. hDMSCs were maintained in basal culture media and proliferation potential was measured. hDMSCs were highly proliferative and successfully expanded with no additional growth factor. In addition, hDMSCs revealed normal karyotype and expressed high levels of CD90, CD73 and CD105 while did not express the surface markers for CD34, CD45 and HLA-DR. Also, we confirmed that hDMSCs possess the capacity to differentiate into multiple lineage including adipocyte, osteocyte, chondrocyte and precursor of hepatocyte lineage. Considering these results, we suggest that hDMSCs might be a valuable source of stem cells and could potentially be a useful source of clinical application.
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29
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CHA HWAJUN, LEE JEONGPYO, LEE KWANGSIK, LEE KUNKOOK, CHOI MYOUNGJUN, LEE DONGKYU, KIM KWANGNYEON, AN SUNGKWAN. Phytosphigosine-1-phosphate increases sensitivity of EGF-dependent cell proliferation. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:649-53. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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McManus MM, Weiss KR, Hughes DPM. Understanding the role of Notch in osteosarcoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 804:67-92. [PMID: 24924169 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04843-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The Notch pathway has been described as an oncogene in osteosarcoma, but the myriad functions of all the members of this complex signaling pathway, both in malignant cells and nonmalignant components of tumors, make it more difficult to define Notch as simply an oncogene or a tumor suppressor. The cell-autonomous behaviors caused by Notch pathway manipulation may vary between cell lines but can include changes in proliferation, migration, invasiveness, oxidative stress resistance, and expression of markers associated with stemness or tumor-initiating cells. Beyond these roles, Notch signaling also plays a vital role in regulating tumor angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, which are vital aspects of osteosarcoma growth and behavior in vivo. Further, osteosarcoma cells themselves express relatively low levels of Notch ligand, making it likely that nonmalignant cells, especially endothelial cells and pericytes, are the major source of Notch activation in osteosarcoma tumors in vivo and in patients. As a result, Notch pathway expression is not expected to be uniform across a tumor but likely to be highest in those areas immediately adjacent to blood vessels. Therapeutic targeting of the Notch pathway is likewise expected to be complicated. Most pharmacologic approaches thus far have focused on inhibition of gamma secretase, a protease of the presenilin complex. This enzyme, however, has numerous other target proteins that would be expected to affect osteosarcoma behavior, including CD44, the WNT/β-catenin pathway, and Her-4. In addition, Notch plays a vital role in tissue and organ homeostasis in numerous systems, and toxicities, especially GI intolerance, have limited the effectiveness of gamma secretase inhibitors. New approaches are in development, and the downstream targets of Notch pathway signaling also may turn out to be good targets for therapy. In summary, a full understanding of the complex functions of Notch in osteosarcoma is only now unfolding, and this deeper knowledge will help position the field to better utilize novel therapies as they are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madonna M McManus
- The Children's Cancer Hospital at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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31
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Kimlin L, Kassis J, Virador V. 3D in vitro tissue models and their potential for drug screening. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:1455-66. [PMID: 24144315 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.852181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of one standard, simplified in vitro three-dimensional tissue model suitable to biological and pathological investigation and drug-discovery may not yet be feasible, but standardized models for individual tissues or organs are a possibility. Tissue bioengineering, while concerned with finding methods of restoring functionality in disease, is developing technology that can be miniaturized for high throughput screening (HTS) of putative drugs. Through collaboration between biologists, physicists and engineers, cell-based assays are expanding into the realm of tissue analysis. Accordingly, three-dimensional (3D) micro-organoid systems will play an increasing role in drug testing and therapeutics over the next decade. Nevertheless, important hurdles remain before these models are fully developed for HTS. AREAS COVERED We highlight advances in the field of tissue bioengineering aimed at enhancing the success of drug candidates through pre-clinical optimization. We discuss models that are most amenable to high throughput screening with emphasis on detection platforms and data modeling. EXPERT OPINION Modeling 3D tissues to mimic in-vivo architecture remains a major challenge. As technology advances to provide novel methods of HTS analysis, so do potential pitfalls associated with such models and methods. We remain hopeful that integration of biofabrication with HTS will significantly reduce attrition rates in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Kimlin
- 1114 Riverview Terrace, St. Michaels, MD 21663 , USA
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Halcsik E, Forni MF, Fujita A, Verano-Braga T, Jensen ON, Sogayar MC. New insights in osteogenic differentiation revealed by mass spectrometric assessment of phosphorylated substrates in murine skin mesenchymal cells. BMC Cell Biol 2013; 14:47. [PMID: 24148232 PMCID: PMC3819743 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-14-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone fractures and loss represent significant costs for the public health system and often affect the patients quality of life, therefore, understanding the molecular basis for bone regeneration is essential. Cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-10 and TNFα, secreted by inflammatory cells at the lesion site, at the very beginning of the repair process, act as chemotactic factors for mesenchymal stem cells, which proliferate and differentiate into osteoblasts through the autocrine and paracrine action of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), mainly BMP-2. Although it is known that BMP-2 binds to ActRI/BMPR and activates the SMAD 1/5/8 downstream effectors, little is known about the intracellular mechanisms participating in osteoblastic differentiation. We assessed differences in the phosphorylation status of different cellular proteins upon BMP-2 osteogenic induction of isolated murine skin mesenchymal stem cells using Triplex Stable Isotope Dimethyl Labeling coupled with LC/MS. Results From 150 μg of starting material, 2,264 proteins were identified and quantified at five different time points, 235 of which are differentially phosphorylated. Kinase motif analysis showed that several substrates display phosphorylation sites for Casein Kinase, p38, CDK and JNK. Gene ontology analysis showed an increase in biological processes related with signaling and differentiation at early time points after BMP2 induction. Moreover, proteins involved in cytoskeleton rearrangement, Wnt and Ras pathways were found to be differentially phosphorylated during all timepoints studied. Conclusions Taken together, these data, allow new insights on the intracellular substrates which are phosphorylated early on during differentiation to BMP2-driven osteoblastic differentiation of skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mari Cleide Sogayar
- Chemistry Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL/NETCEM), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil.
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Huang HI, Chen SK, Wang RYL, Shen CR, Cheng YC. Human foreskin fibroblast-like stromal cells can differentiate into functional hepatocytic cells. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:1308-19. [PMID: 23956153 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Foreskin fibroblast-like stromal cells (FDSCs) are progenitors isolated from human tissue that can differentiate into diverse cell types. Many types of stem cells can differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells, which could be used for drug testing or in liver regeneration therapy, but whether FDSCs can be converted into functional hepatocytes is unknown. FDSCs show divergent properties when cultured in distinct media, forming spheres in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) containing F12, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), but have fibroblast-like morphology when cultured in DMEM-based growth medium. Both cell populations express the typical mesenchymal stem cell markers CD90, CD105, and CD73, but the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) was detected only in FDSC spheres. Both types of FDSCs can differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells, which express typical liver markers, including albumin and hepatocyte paraffin 1 (Hep Par1), along with liver-specific biological activities. When plasmids containing the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome were transfected transiently into FDSCs, differentiated hepatocyte-like cells secrete large amounts of HBe and HBs antigens. FDSCs could be used for clinical hepatic therapy and/or serve as a model of HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-I Huang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Human dermal stem/progenitor cell-derived conditioned medium ameliorates ultraviolet a-induced damage of normal human dermal fibroblasts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67604. [PMID: 23874431 PMCID: PMC3708938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult skin stem cells are considered an attractive cell resource for therapeutic potential in aged skin. We previously reported that multipotent human dermal stem/progenitor cells (hDSPCs) can be enriched from (normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) using collagen type IV. However, the beneficial effects of hDSPCs on aged skin remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we analyzed the growth factors secreted from hDSPCs in conditioned medium (CM) derived from hDSPCs (hDSPC-CM) and found that hDSPCs secreted higher levels of bFGF, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, HGF, VEGF and IGF-1 compared with non-hDSPCs. We then investigated whether hDSPC-CM has an effect on ultraviolet A (UVA)-irradiated NHDFs. Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that the treatment of UVA-irradiated NHDFs with hDSPC-CM significantly antagonized the UVA-induced up-regulation of the MMP1 and the UVA-induced down-regulation of the collagen types I, IV and V and TIMP1 mRNA expressions. Furthermore, a scratch wound healing assay showed that hDSPC-CM enhanced the migratory properties of UVA-irradiated NHDFs. hDSPC-CM also significantly reduced the number of the early and late apoptotic cell population in UVA-irradiated NHDFs. Taken together, these data suggest that hDSPC-CM can exert some beneficial effects on aged skin and may be used as a therapeutic agent to improve skin regeneration and wound healing.
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Kuroda Y, Wakao S, Kitada M, Murakami T, Nojima M, Dezawa M. Isolation, culture and evaluation of multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells. Nat Protoc 2013; 8:1391-415. [PMID: 23787896 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2013.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are distinct stem cells in mesenchymal cell populations with the capacity to self-renew, to differentiate into cells representative of all three germ layers from a single cell, and to repair damaged tissues by spontaneous differentiation into tissue-specific cells without forming teratomas. We describe step-by-step procedures for isolating and evaluating these cells. Muse cells are also a practical cell source for human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells with markedly high generation efficiency. They can be collected as cells that are double positive for stage-specific embryonic antigen-3 (SSEA-3) and CD105 from commercially available mesenchymal cells, such as adult human bone marrow stromal cells and dermal fibroblasts, or from fresh adult human bone marrow samples. Under both spontaneous and induced differentiation conditions, they show triploblastic differentiation. It takes 4-6 h to collect and 2 weeks to confirm the differentiation and self-renewal capacity of Muse cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Kuroda
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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36
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Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord tissue into odontoblast-like cells using the conditioned medium of tooth germ cells in vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:218543. [PMID: 23762828 PMCID: PMC3666309 DOI: 10.1155/2013/218543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The easily accessible mesenchymal stem cells in the Wharton's jelly of human umbilical cord tissue (hUCMSCs) have excellent proliferation and differentiation potential, but it remains unclear whether hUCMSCs can differentiate into odontoblasts. In this study, mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the Wharton's jelly of human umbilical cord tissue using the simple method of tissue blocks culture attachment. UCMSC surface marker expression was then evaluated for the isolated cells using flow cytometry. The third-passage hUCMSCs induced by conditioned medium from developing tooth germ cells (TGC-CM) displayed high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels (P < 0.001), an enhanced ability to proliferate (P < 0.05), and the presence of mineralized nodules. These effects were not observed in cells treated with regular medium. After induction of hUCMSCs, the results of reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) indicated that the dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) genes were significantly tested. Additionally, dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and DMP1 demonstrated significant levels of staining in an immunofluorescence analysis. In contrast, the control cells failed to display the characteristics of odontoblasts. Taken together, these results suggest that hUCMSCs can be induced to differentiate into odontoblast-like cells with TGC-CM and provide a novel strategy for tooth regeneration research.
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Kimlin L, Virador V. Cellular populations isolated from newborn mouse skin including mesenchymal stem cells. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 989:217-233. [PMID: 23483398 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-330-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We developed protocols for isolation and characterization of mesenchymal progenitors from murine dermis. Our protocols are part of a more general isolation procedure starting with neonatal murine skin, which has been described in detail by U. Lichti and coauthors (Nat Protoc 3(5):799-810, 2008). We list Lichti's procedures in an abbreviated form as part of this methods section. Our methods to isolate mesenchymal stem cells are presented as a continuous workflow of isolation and characterization, including flow cytometry, cell survival assays, colony formation assays, immunoblotting, immunostaining, multipotential differentiation assays, and in vivo engraftment. In most cases, the protocols are standard; in others, they were adapted to our particular purpose. We made special emphasis on the use of in vitro three-dimensional cultures to cue mesenchymal progenitors into epidermal cells.
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Lee JP, Cha HJ, Lee KS, Lee KK, Son JH, Kim KN, Lee DK, An S. Phytosphingosine-1-phosphate represses the hydrogen peroxide-induced activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in human dermal fibroblasts through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway. Arch Dermatol Res 2012; 304:673-8. [PMID: 22566145 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-012-1241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Dermal fibroblasts are differentiated mesenchymal cells that regulate the extracellular matrix through the production of dermis components. Dermal fibroblasts can be damaged by reactive oxygen species induced by ultraviolet rays and chemicals. In addition to its effects on the dermis, oxidative stress poses a major threat to organisms and is believed to play an essential role in many disease processes. In this study, we show that human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) express sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors S1P(1), S1P(2), and S1P(3). In addition, cell viability of HDFs is increased by phytosphingosine-1-phosphate (PhS1P) via regulation of the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/Akt pathway. Interestingly, regulation of the JNK/Akt pathway by PhS1P attenuated H(2)O(2)-induced cell growth arrest. Together, our data indicate that PhS1P attenuates H(2)O(2)-induced growth arrest through regulation of the signal molecules Akt and JNK, and suggest that PhS1P may have value as an anti-aging material in cosmetics and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Pyo Lee
- Coreana Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Seonggeo-eup, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
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Petrenko YA, Petrenko AY. Phenotypical properties and ability to multilineage differentiation of adipose tissue stromal cells during subculturing. CYTOL GENET+ 2012. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452712010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to inform wound care practitioners of mesenchymal stem cell application for nonhealing wounds. Recent advances in delivery systems are also discussed in order to highlight potential improvements toward clinical application of stem cell therapy for chronic wounds. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE and PubMed Central were searched for scientific studies regarding the use of mesenchymal stem cells and delivery systems in wound healing. STUDY SELECTION Preclinical studies using stem cells as therapeutic modality for chronic wounds were selected for this review. DATA EXTRACTION Information on study design, sample size and characteristics, stem cell source, type of delivery systems, and rate and time of wound closure was abstracted. DATA SYNTHESIS Application of mesenchymal stem cells improved wound healing in experimental and clinical settings. Advances in stem cell therapy and delivery vehicles offer promising alternatives to current limited therapeutic modalities for chronic wounds. CONCLUSIONS Stem cell therapy has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for nonhealing wounds. Further research is needed to evaluate the relationship between the various delivery systems and stem cells in order to maximize their therapeutic effects. Development of novel delivery vehicles for stem cells can open new opportunities for more effective cell therapy of chronic wounds.
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Vishnubalaji R, Manikandan M, Al-Nbaheen M, Kadalmani B, Aldahmash A, Alajez NM. In vitro differentiation of human skin-derived multipotent stromal cells into putative endothelial-like cells. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2012; 12:7. [PMID: 22280443 PMCID: PMC3280173 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-12-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Multipotent stem cells have been successfully isolated from various tissues and are currently utilized for tissue-engineering and cell-based therapies. Among the many sources, skin has recently emerged as an attractive source for multipotent cells because of its abundance. Recent literature showed that skin stromal cells (SSCs) possess mesoderm lineage differentiation potential; however, the endothelial differentiation and angiogenic potential of SSC remains elusive. In our study, SSCs were isolated from human neonatal foreskin (hNFSSCs) and adult dermal skin (hADSSCs) using explants cultures and were compared with bone marrow (hMSC-TERT) and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) for their potential differentiation into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and endothelial cells. Results Concordant with previous studies, both MSCs and SSCs showed similar morphology, surface protein expression, and were able to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. Using an endothelial induction culture system combined with an in vitro matrigel angiogenesis assay, hNFSSCs and hADSSCs exhibited the highest tube-forming capability, which was similar to those formed by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), with hNFSSCs forming the most tightly packed, longest, and largest diameter tubules among the three cell types. CD146 was highly expressed on hNFSSCs and HUVEC followed by hADSSCs, and hMSC-TERT, while its expression was almost absent on hADMSCs. Similarly, higher vascular density (based on the expression of CD31, CD34, vWF, CD146 and SMA) was observed in neonatal skin, followed by adult dermal skin and adipose tissue. Thus, our preliminary data indicated a plausible relationship between vascular densities, and the expression of CD146 on multipotent cells derived from those tissues. Conclusions Our data is the first to demonstrate that human dermal skin stromal cells can be differentiated into endothelial lineage. Hence, SSCs represents a novel source of stem/stromal cells for tissue regeneration and the vascularization of engineered tissues. Moreover, the CD146 investigations suggested that the microenvironmental niche might contribute to direct stromal cells multipotency toward certain lineages, which warrants further investigation.
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Zhao MT, Whitworth KM, Zhang X, Zhao J, Miao YL, Zhang Y, Prather RS. Deciphering the mesodermal potency of porcine skin-derived progenitors (SKP) by microarray analysis. Cell Reprogram 2012; 12:161-73. [PMID: 20436954 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2009.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin stem cells have an essential role in maintaining tissue homeostasis by dynamically replenishing those constantly lost during tissue turnover or following injury. Multipotent skin derived progenitors (SKP) can generate both neural and mesodermal progeny, representing neural crest-derived progenitors during embryogenesis through adulthood. SKP cells develop into spheres in suspension and can differentiate into fibroblast-like cells (SFC) in adhesive culture with serum. Concomitantly they gradually lose the neural potential but retain certain mesodermal potential. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of the transition of SKP spheres into SFC in vitro. Here we characterized the transcriptional profiles of porcine SKP spheres and SFC by microarray analysis. We found 305 upregulated and 96 downregulated genes, respectively. The downregulated genes are mostly involved in intrinsic programs like the Dicer pathway and asymmetric cell division, whereas upregulated genes are likely to participate in extrinsic signaling pathways such as ErbB signaling, MAPK signaling, ECM-receptor reaction, Wnt signaling, cell communication, and tumor growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathways. These intrinsic programs and extrinsic signaling pathways collaborate to mediate the transcription-state transition between SKP spheres and SFC. We speculate that these potential signaling pathways may play an important role in regulating the cell fate transition between SKP spheres and SFC in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tao Zhao
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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43
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Kimlin LC, Casagrande G, Virador VM. In vitro three-dimensional (3D) models in cancer research: an update. Mol Carcinog 2011; 52:167-82. [PMID: 22162252 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissues are three-dimensional (3D) entities as is the tumor that arises within them. Though disaggregated cancerous tissues have produced numerous cell lines for basic and applied research, it is generally agreed that these lines are poor models of in vivo phenomena. In this review we focus on in vitro 3D models used in cancer research, particularly their contribution to molecular studies of the early stages of metastasis, angiogenesis, the tumor microenvironment, and cancer stem cells. We present a summary of the various formats used in the field of tissue bioengineering as they apply to mechanistic modeling of cancer stages or processes. In addition we list studies that model specific types of malignancies, highlight drastic differences in results between 3D in vitro models and classical monolayer culturing techniques, and establish the need for standardization of 3D models for meaningful preclinical and therapeutic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Kimlin
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Pascucci L, Curina G, Mercati F, Marini C, Dall’Aglio C, Paternesi B, Ceccarelli P. Flow cytometric characterization of culture expanded multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from horse adipose tissue: Towards the definition of minimal stemness criteria. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 144:499-506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Piel en el siglo XXI. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0716-8640(11)70483-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Mamidi MK, Pal R, Mori NAB, Arumugam G, Thrichelvam ST, Noor PJ, Abdullah HMF, Gupta PK, Das AK, Zakaria Z, Bhonde R. Co-culture of mesenchymal-like stromal cells derived from human foreskin permits long term propagation and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:1353-63. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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47
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Bader A, Lorenz K, Richter A, Scheffler K, Kern L, Ebert S, Giri S, Behrens M, Dornseifer U, Macchiarini P, Machens HG. Interactive Role of Trauma Cytokines and Erythropoietin and Their Therapeutic Potential for Acute and Chronic Wounds. Rejuvenation Res 2011; 14:57-66. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2010.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Augustinus Bader
- University of Leipzig, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Department of Applied Stem Cell Biology and Cell Techniques, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katrin Lorenz
- University of Leipzig, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Department of Applied Stem Cell Biology and Cell Techniques, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Richter
- University of Leipzig, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Department of Applied Stem Cell Biology and Cell Techniques, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katja Scheffler
- University of Leipzig, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Department of Applied Stem Cell Biology and Cell Techniques, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Larissa Kern
- University of Leipzig, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Department of Applied Stem Cell Biology and Cell Techniques, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabine Ebert
- University of Leipzig, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Department of Applied Stem Cell Biology and Cell Techniques, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shibashish Giri
- University of Leipzig, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Department of Applied Stem Cell Biology and Cell Techniques, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Ulf Dornseifer
- Klinikum Bogenhausen, Zentrum für Schwerbrandverletzte, München, Germany
| | - Paolo Macchiarini
- Hospital Clinico de Barcelona, Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hans-Günther Machens
- Klinik für Plastische Chirurgie, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
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Han W, Chen M, Li M, Wu Z, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Wang L, Yu L, Fu X. Acclimatized induction reveals the multipotency of adult human undifferentiated keratinocytes. Cell Reprogram 2010; 12:283-94. [PMID: 20698770 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2009.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that several types of somatic stem cells have the remarkable capacity to differentiate into other types of tissues. However, the promise of keratinocyte stem cells seems slim for generating nonepidermal tissues. Using our recently developed acclimatization induction strategy, we demonstrate the multipotency of adult human undifferentiated keratinocytes (UKs). The UKs were isolated from the basal layer of adult human foreskin and cultured in Epilife medium, which allows for the growth of only keratin-positive keratinocytes, promotes high proliferation of UKs, and prevents their differentiation. Induction of the UKs by either serum or lineage-committed medium only produce differentiated epidermal cells. Hence, serum or lineage-committed medium was added to Epilife to acclimate UKs to differentiate to other cell types. Unexpectedly, serum acclimatization can induce UKs to produce a large number of smooth muscle cells and fewer of adipocytes and neurocytes within 3 weeks. In contrast, except for the terminally differentiated epidermal cells, committed acclimatization can induce UKs to differentiate exclusively into the adipocytic, myogenic, or neurogenic lineages. These data indicate that human UKs represent a novel multipotent adult stem cell, and suggest that they may provide an accessible, therapeutically promising cell source for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Han
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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49
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Sellheyer K, Krahl D. Skin mesenchymal stem cells: Prospects for clinical dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 63:859-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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50
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Martinello T, Bronzini I, Maccatrozzo L, Mollo A, Sampaolesi M, Mascarello F, Decaminada M, Patruno M. Canine adipose-derived-mesenchymal stem cells do not lose stem features after a long-term cryopreservation. Res Vet Sci 2010; 91:18-24. [PMID: 20732703 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are nowadays used for treating several pathologies. A putative stem cell population was found in the adipose tissue of mammals and canine adipose tissue-derived-mesenchymal stem cells (cA-MSC) have been shown to possess the capacity to differentiate into several lineages. The main goal of our research was to fully characterize cA-MSC and examine the effects of cryopreservation on their stemness features. Each sample of cA-MSC was analyzed immediately and then again after being frozen in liquid nitrogen for one year. After the cryopreservation period cells conserved their fibroblast-like morphology, alkaline phosphatase positivity and CD expression but showed a lower proliferation ratio and a lower telomerase activity in comparison with fresh cells. Finally, the cryopreservation protocol did not change the cA-MSC adipogenic, osteogenic and myogenic differentiative potential. Our data demonstrate that stored cA-MSC might represent a promising type of progenitor cell for autologous cellular-based therapies in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Martinello
- Department of Experimental Veterinary Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
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