1
|
Justynski O, Bridges K, Krause W, Forni MF, Phan QM, Sandoval-Schaefer T, Carter K, King DE, Hsia HC, Gazes MI, Vyce SD, Driskell RR, Miller-Jensen K, Horsley V. Apoptosis recognition receptors regulate skin tissue repair in mice. eLife 2023; 12:e86269. [PMID: 38127424 PMCID: PMC10735221 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis and clearance of apoptotic cells via efferocytosis are evolutionarily conserved processes that drive tissue repair. However, the mechanisms by which recognition and clearance of apoptotic cells regulate repair are not fully understood. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to provide a map of the cellular dynamics during early inflammation in mouse skin wounds. We find that apoptotic pathways and efferocytosis receptors are elevated in fibroblasts and immune cells, including resident Lyve1+ macrophages, during inflammation. Interestingly, human diabetic foot wounds upregulate mRNAs for efferocytosis pathway genes and display altered efferocytosis signaling via the receptor Axl and its ligand Gas6. During early inflammation in mouse wounds, we detect upregulation of Axl in dendritic cells and fibroblasts via TLR3-independent mechanisms. Inhibition studies in vivo in mice reveal that Axl signaling is required for wound repair but is dispensable for efferocytosis. By contrast, inhibition of another efferocytosis receptor, Timd4, in mouse wounds decreases efferocytosis and abrogates wound repair. These data highlight the distinct mechanisms by which apoptotic cell detection coordinates tissue repair and provides potential therapeutic targets for chronic wounds in diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Justynski
- Dept. of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Kate Bridges
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Will Krause
- Dept. of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Maria Fernanda Forni
- Dept. of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Quan M Phan
- Washington State University, SMB, Pullman, United States
| | - Teresa Sandoval-Schaefer
- Dept. of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Kristyn Carter
- Dept. of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Diane E King
- Sunnycrest Bioinformatics, Flemington, United States
| | - Henry C Hsia
- Dept. of Surgery (Plastic), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Michael I Gazes
- Dept of Podiatric Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, United States
| | - Steven D Vyce
- Dept of Podiatric Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, United States
| | | | - Kathryn Miller-Jensen
- Dept. of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, United States
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Valerie Horsley
- Dept. of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, United States
- Dept. of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Justynski O, Bridges K, Krause W, Forni MF, Phan Q, Sandoval-Schaefer T, Driskell R, Miller-Jensen K, Horsley V. Apoptosis recognition receptors regulate skin tissue repair in mice. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.17.523241. [PMID: 36711968 PMCID: PMC9882102 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.17.523241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis and clearance of apoptotic cells via efferocytosis are evolutionarily conserved processes that drive tissue repair. However, the mechanisms by which recognition and clearance of apoptotic cells regulate repair are not fully understood. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to provide a map of the cellular dynamics during early inflammation in mouse skin wounds. We find that apoptotic pathways and efferocytosis receptors are elevated in fibroblasts and immune cells, including resident Lyve1 + macrophages, during inflammation. Interestingly, human diabetic foot wounds upregulate mRNAs for apoptotic genes and display increased and altered efferocytosis signaling via the receptor Axl. During early inflammation in mouse wounds, we detect upregulation of Axl in dendritic cells and fibroblasts via TLR3-independent mechanisms. Inhibition studies in vivo in mice reveal that Axl signaling is required for wound repair but is dispensable for efferocytosis. By contrast, inhibition of another efferocytosis receptor, Timd4, in mouse wounds decreases efferocytosis and abrogates wound repair. These data highlight the distinct mechanisms by which apoptotic cell detection coordinates tissue repair and provides potential therapeutic targets for chronic wounds in diabetic patients.
Collapse
|
3
|
Tsai PL, Cameron CJF, Forni MF, Wasko RR, Naughton BS, Horsley V, Gerstein MB, Schlieker C. Dynamic quality control machinery that operates across compartmental borders mediates the degradation of mammalian nuclear membrane proteins. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111675. [PMID: 36417855 PMCID: PMC9827541 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many human diseases are caused by mutations in nuclear envelope (NE) proteins. How protein homeostasis and disease etiology are interconnected at the NE is poorly understood. Specifically, the identity of local ubiquitin ligases that facilitate ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent NE protein turnover is presently unknown. Here, we employ a short-lived, Lamin B receptor disease variant as a model substrate in a genetic screen to uncover key elements of NE protein turnover. We identify the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) Ube2G2 and Ube2D3, the membrane-resident ubiquitin ligases (E3s) RNF5 and HRD1, and the poorly understood protein TMEM33. RNF5, but not HRD1, requires TMEM33 both for efficient biosynthesis and function. Once synthesized, RNF5 responds dynamically to increased substrate levels at the NE by departing from the endoplasmic reticulum, where HRD1 remains confined. Thus, mammalian protein quality control machinery partitions between distinct cellular compartments to address locally changing substrate loads, establishing a robust cellular quality control system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ling Tsai
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Christopher J F Cameron
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Maria Fernanda Forni
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Renee R Wasko
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Brigitte S Naughton
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Valerie Horsley
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Mark B Gerstein
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Christian Schlieker
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Breda CNDS, Breda LCD, Carvalho LADC, Amano MT, Terra FF, Silva RC, Fragas MG, Forni MF, Fonseca MTC, Venturini G, Feitosa ACM, Ghirotto B, Cruz MC, Cunha FF, Ignacio A, Latância M, Castoldi A, Andrade-Oliveira V, Martins da Silva E, Hiyane MI, Pereira ADC, Festuccia W, Meotti FC, Câmara NOS. Loss of mTORC2 Activity in Neutrophils Impairs Fusion of Granules and Affects Cellular Metabolism Favoring Increased Bacterial Burden in Sepsis. J Immunol 2021; 207:626-639. [PMID: 34261666 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a complex infectious syndrome in which neutrophil participation is crucial for patient survival. Neutrophils quickly sense and eliminate the pathogen by using different effector mechanisms controlled by metabolic processes. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is an important route for metabolic regulation, and its role in neutrophil metabolism has not been fully understood yet, especially the importance of mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) in the neutrophil effector functions. In this study, we observed that the loss of Rictor (mTORC2 scaffold protein) in primary mouse-derived neutrophils affects their chemotaxis by fMLF and their microbial killing capacity, but not the phagocytic capacity. We found that the microbicidal capacity was impaired in Rictor-deleted neutrophils because of an improper fusion of granules, reducing the hypochlorous acid production. The loss of Rictor also led to metabolic alterations in isolated neutrophils, increasing aerobic glycolysis. Finally, myeloid-Rictor-deleted mice (LysMRic Δ/Δ) also showed an impairment of the microbicidal capacity, increasing the bacterial burden in the Escherichia coli sepsis model. Overall, our results highlight the importance of proper mTORC2 activation for neutrophil effector functions and metabolism during sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mariane Tami Amano
- Instituto Sírio-Libanês de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fernandes Terra
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Correia Silva
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Garcia Fragas
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Forni
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Horsley Laboratory, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Gabriela Venturini
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Ghirotto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Costa Cruz
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Franco Cunha
- Nephrology Division, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Ignacio
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela Latância
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angela Castoldi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Andrade-Oliveira
- Federal University of ABC, Natural and Human Sciences Center, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Martins da Silva
- Nephrology Division, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Meire Ioshie Hiyane
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre da Costa Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - William Festuccia
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Flávia Carla Meotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; .,Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Renal Physiology (LIM 16), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Forni MF, Domínguez-Amorocho OA, de Assis LVM, Kinker GS, Moraes MN, Castrucci AMDL, Câmara NOS. An Immunometabolic Shift Modulates Cytotoxic Lymphocyte Activation During Melanoma Progression in TRPA1 Channel Null Mice. Front Oncol 2021; 11:667715. [PMID: 34041030 PMCID: PMC8141816 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.667715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma skin cancer is extremely aggressive with increasing incidence and mortality. Among the emerging therapeutic targets in the treatment of cancer, the family of transient receptor potential channels (TRPs) has been reported as a possible pharmacological target. Specifically, the ankyrin subfamily, representing TRPA1 channels, can act as a pro-inflammatory hub. These channels have already been implicated in the control of intracellular metabolism in several cell models, but little is known about their role in immune cells, and how it could affect tumor progression in a process known as immune surveillance. Here, we investigated the participation of the TRPA1 channel in the immune response against melanoma tumor progression in a mouse model. Using Trpa1 +/+ and Trpa1 -/- animals, we evaluated tumor progression using murine B16-F10 cells and assessed isolated CD8+ T cells for respiratory and cytotoxic functions. Tumor growth was significantly reduced in Trpa1 -/- animals. We observed an increase in the frequency of circulating lymphocytes. Using a dataset of CD8+ T cells isolated from metastatic melanoma patients, we found that TRPA1 reduction correlates with several immunological pathways. Naïve CD8+ T cells from Trpa1 +/+ and Trpa1 -/- animals showed different mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis profiles. However, under CD3/CD28 costimulatory conditions, the absence of TRPA1 led to an even more extensive metabolic shift, probably linked to a greater in vitro killling ability of Trpa1 -/- CD8+ T cells. Therefore, these data demonstrate an unprecedented role of TRPA1 channel in the metabolism control of the immune system cells during carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Forni
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro de Assis
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Sarti Kinker
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology A. C. Camargo Cancer Center - International Research Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Nathalia Moraes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria de Lauro Castrucci
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Forni MF, Peloggia J, Braga TT, Chinchilla JEO, Shinohara J, Navas CA, Camara NOS, Kowaltowski AJ. Caloric Restriction Promotes Structural and Metabolic Changes in the Skin. Cell Rep 2018; 20:2678-2692. [PMID: 28903047 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is the most effective intervention known to enhance lifespan, but its effect on the skin is poorly understood. Here, we show that CR mice display fur coat remodeling associated with an expansion of the hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) pool. We also find that the dermal adipocyte depot (dWAT) is underdeveloped in CR animals. The dermal/vennule annulus vasculature is enlarged, and a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) switch and metabolic reprogramming in both the dermis and the epidermis are observed. When the fur coat is removed, CR mice display increased energy expenditure associated with lean weight loss and locomotion impairment. Our findings indicate that CR promotes extensive skin and fur remodeling. These changes are necessary for thermal homeostasis and metabolic fitness under conditions of limited energy intake, suggesting a potential adaptive mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Forni
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Peloggia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tárcio T Braga
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1730, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Shinohara
- Laboratório de Química Supramolecular e Nanotecnologia - LQSN, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Arturo Navas
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, R. do Matão, 321, 05508-090 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1730, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Assis-Ribas T, Forni MF, Winnischofer SMB, Sogayar MC, Trombetta-Lima M. Extracellular matrix dynamics during mesenchymal stem cells differentiation. Dev Biol 2018; 437:63-74. [PMID: 29544769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stromal cells that display self-renewal and multipotent differentiation capacity. The repertoire of mature cells generated ranges but is not restricted to: fat, bone and cartilage. Their potential importance for both cell therapy and maintenance of in vivo homeostasis is indisputable. Nonetheless, both their in vivo identity and use in cell therapy remain elusive. A drawback generated by this fact is that little is known about the MSC niche and how it impacts differentiation and homeostasis maintenance. Hence, the roles played by the extracellular matrix (ECM) and its main regulators namely: the Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their counteracting inhibitors (TIMPs and RECK) upon stem cells differentiation are only now beginning to be unveiled. Here, we will focus on mesenchymal stem cells and review the main mechanisms involved in adipo, chondro and osteogenesis, discussing how the extracellular matrix can impact not only lineage commitment, but, also, their survival and potentiality. This review critically analyzes recent work in the field in an effort towards a better understanding of the roles of Matrix Metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in the above-cited events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thais Assis-Ribas
- NUCEL-NETCEM-Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05360-120, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Forni
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Mari Cleide Sogayar
- NUCEL-NETCEM-Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05360-120, Brazil; Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marina Trombetta-Lima
- NUCEL-NETCEM-Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05360-120, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Forni MF, Garcia-Neto W, Kowaltowski AJ, Marson GA. An active-learning methodology for teaching oxidative phosphorylation. Med Educ 2017; 51:1169-1170. [PMID: 28857228 DOI: 10.1111/medu.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
|
9
|
Gomes KMS, Costa IC, Santos JFD, Dourado PMM, Forni MF, Ferreira JCB. Induced pluripotent stem cells reprogramming: Epigenetics and applications in the regenerative medicine. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2017; 63:180-189. [PMID: 28355380 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.63.02.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are somatic cells reprogrammed into an embryonic-like pluripotent state by the expression of specific transcription factors. iPSC technology is expected to revolutionize regenerative medicine in the near future. Despite the fact that these cells have the capacity to self-renew, they present low efficiency of reprogramming. Recent studies have demonstrated that the previous somatic epigenetic signature is a limiting factor in iPSC performance. Indeed, the process of effective reprogramming involves a complete remodeling of the existing somatic epigenetic memory, followed by the establishment of a "new epigenetic signature" that complies with the new type of cell to be differentiated. Therefore, further investigations of epigenetic modifications associated with iPSC reprogramming are required in an attempt to improve their self-renew capacity and potency, as well as their application in regenerative medicine, with a new strategy to reduce the damage in degenerative diseases. Our review aimed to summarize the most recent findings on epigenetics and iPSC, focusing on DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs, highlighting their potential in translating cell therapy into clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kátia Maria Sampaio Gomes
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences III, Universidade de São Paulo (ICB III/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ismael Cabral Costa
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences III, Universidade de São Paulo (ICB III/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Julio Cesar Batista Ferreira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences III, Universidade de São Paulo (ICB III/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Luévano-Martínez LA, Forni MF, Peloggia J, Watanabe IS, Kowaltowski AJ. Calorie restriction promotes cardiolipin biosynthesis and distribution between mitochondrial membranes. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 162:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
11
|
Forni MF, Peloggia J, Trudeau K, Shirihai O, Kowaltowski AJ. Murine Mesenchymal Stem Cell Commitment to Differentiation Is Regulated by Mitochondrial Dynamics. Stem Cells 2015; 34:743-55. [PMID: 26638184 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mouse skin mesenchymal stem cells (msMSCs) are dermis CD105(+) CD90(+) CD73(+) CD29(+) CD34(-) mesodermal precursors which, after in vitro induction, undergo chondro, adipo, and osteogenesis. Extensive metabolic reconfiguration has been found to occur during differentiation, and the bioenergetic status of a cell is known to be dependent on the quality and abundance of the mitochondrial population, which may be regulated by fusion and fission. However, little is known regarding the impact of mitochondrial dynamics on the differentiation process. We addressed this knowledge gap by isolating MSCs from Swiss female mice, inducing these cells to differentiate into osteo, chondro, and adipocytes and measuring changes in mass, morphology, dynamics, and bioenergetics. Mitochondrial biogenesis was increased in adipogenesis, as evaluated through confocal microscopy, citrate synthase activity, and mtDNA content. The early steps of adipo and osteogenesis involved mitochondrial elongation, as well as increased expression of mitochondrial fusion proteins Mfn1 and 2. Chondrogenesis involved a fragmented mitochondrial phenotype, increased expression of fission proteins Drp1, Fis1, and 2, and enhanced mitophagy. These events were accompanied by profound bioenergetic alterations during the commitment period. Moreover, knockdown of Mfn2 in adipo and osteogenesis and the overexpression of a dominant negative form of Drp1 during chondrogenesis resulted in a loss of differentiation ability. Overall, we find that mitochondrial morphology and its regulating processes of fission/fusion are modulated early on during commitment, leading to alterations in the bioenergetic profile that are important for differentiation. We thus propose a central role for mitochondrial dynamics in the maintenance/commitment of mesenchymal stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Forni
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo., Brazil
| | - Julia Peloggia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo., Brazil
| | - Kyle Trudeau
- Department of Medicine, Obesity and Nutrition Section, Evans Biomedical Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Orian Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Obesity and Nutrition Section, Evans Biomedical Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo., Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Forni MF, Ramos Maia Lobba A, Pereira Ferreira AH, Sogayar MC. Simultaneous Isolation of Three Different Stem Cell Populations from Murine Skin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140143. [PMID: 26462205 PMCID: PMC4604199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is a rich source of readily accessible stem cells. The level of plasticity afforded by these cells is becoming increasingly important as the potential of stem cells in Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine continues to be explored. Several protocols described single type stem cell isolation from skin; however, none of them afforded simultaneous isolation of more than one population. Herein, we describe the simultaneous isolation and characterization of three stem cell populations from the dermis and epidermis of murine skin, namely Epidermal Stem Cells (EpiSCs), Skin-derived Precursors (SKPs) and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs). The simultaneous isolation was possible through a simple protocol based on culture selection techniques. These cell populations are shown to be capable of generating chondrocytes, adipocytes, osteocytes, terminally differentiated keratinocytes, neurons and glia, rendering this protocol suitable for the isolation of cells for tissue replenishment and cell based therapies. The advantages of this procedure are far-reaching since the skin is not only the largest organ in the body, but also provides an easily accessible source of stem cells for autologous graft.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Forni
- Núcleo de Terapia Celular e Molecular (NUCEL/NETCEM), Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05360-130 SP, Brasil
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000 SP, Brasil
| | - Aline Ramos Maia Lobba
- Núcleo de Terapia Celular e Molecular (NUCEL/NETCEM), Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05360-130 SP, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Hamilton Pereira Ferreira
- Núcleo de Terapia Celular e Molecular (NUCEL/NETCEM), Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05360-130 SP, Brasil
| | - Mari Cleide Sogayar
- Núcleo de Terapia Celular e Molecular (NUCEL/NETCEM), Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05360-130 SP, Brasil
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000 SP, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Forni
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Chausse
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Peloggia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Luévano-Martínez LA, Forni MF, dos Santos VT, Souza-Pinto NC, Kowaltowski AJ. Cardiolipin is a key determinant for mtDNA stability and segregation during mitochondrial stress. Biochim Biophys Acta 2015; 1847:587-98. [PMID: 25843549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in adaptation during stressing situations. Cardiolipin, the main anionic phospholipid in mitochondrial membranes, is expected to be a determinant in this adaptive mechanism since it modulates the activity of most membrane proteins. Here, we used Saccharomyces cerevisiae subjected to conditions that affect mitochondrial metabolism as a model to determine the possible role of cardiolipin in stress adaptation. Interestingly, we found that thermal stress promotes a 30% increase in the cardiolipin content and modifies the physical state of mitochondrial membranes. These changes have effects on mtDNA stability, adapting cells to thermal stress. Conversely, this effect is cardiolipin-dependent since a cardiolipin synthase-null mutant strain is unable to adapt to thermal stress as observed by a 60% increase of cells lacking mtDNA (ρ0). Interestingly, we found that the loss of cardiolipin specifically affects the segregation of mtDNA to daughter cells, leading to a respiratory deficient phenotype after replication. We also provide evidence that mtDNA physically interacts with cardiolipin both in S. cerevisiae and in mammalian mitochondria. Overall, our results demonstrate that the mitochondrial lipid cardiolipin is a key determinant in the maintenance of mtDNA stability and segregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Luévano-Martínez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Maria Fernanda Forni
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Valquiria Tiago dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Nadja C Souza-Pinto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Halcsik E, Forni MF, Fujita A, Verano-Braga T, Jensen ON, Sogayar MC. New insights in osteogenic differentiation revealed by mass spectrometric assessment of phosphorylated substrates in murine skin mesenchymal cells. BMC Cell Biol 2013; 14:47. [PMID: 24148232 PMCID: PMC3819743 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-14-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone fractures and loss represent significant costs for the public health system and often affect the patients quality of life, therefore, understanding the molecular basis for bone regeneration is essential. Cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-10 and TNFα, secreted by inflammatory cells at the lesion site, at the very beginning of the repair process, act as chemotactic factors for mesenchymal stem cells, which proliferate and differentiate into osteoblasts through the autocrine and paracrine action of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), mainly BMP-2. Although it is known that BMP-2 binds to ActRI/BMPR and activates the SMAD 1/5/8 downstream effectors, little is known about the intracellular mechanisms participating in osteoblastic differentiation. We assessed differences in the phosphorylation status of different cellular proteins upon BMP-2 osteogenic induction of isolated murine skin mesenchymal stem cells using Triplex Stable Isotope Dimethyl Labeling coupled with LC/MS. Results From 150 μg of starting material, 2,264 proteins were identified and quantified at five different time points, 235 of which are differentially phosphorylated. Kinase motif analysis showed that several substrates display phosphorylation sites for Casein Kinase, p38, CDK and JNK. Gene ontology analysis showed an increase in biological processes related with signaling and differentiation at early time points after BMP2 induction. Moreover, proteins involved in cytoskeleton rearrangement, Wnt and Ras pathways were found to be differentially phosphorylated during all timepoints studied. Conclusions Taken together, these data, allow new insights on the intracellular substrates which are phosphorylated early on during differentiation to BMP2-driven osteoblastic differentiation of skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mari Cleide Sogayar
- Chemistry Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL/NETCEM), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lobba ARM, Forni MF, Carreira ACO, Sogayar MC. Differential expression of CD90 and CD14 stem cell markers in malignant breast cancer cell lines. Cytometry A 2012; 81:1084-91. [PMID: 23090904 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The recently emerged concept of cancer stem cell (CSC) has led to a new hypothesis on the basis for tumor progression. Basically, the CSC theory hypothesizes the presence of a hierarchically organized and relatively rare cell population, which is responsible for tumor initiation, self-renewal, and maintenance, in addition to accumulation of mutation and resistance to chemotherapy. CSCs have recently been described in breast cancer. Different genetic markers have been used to isolate breast CSCs, none of which have been correlated with the tumorigenicity or metastatic potential of the cells, limiting their precise characterization and clinical application in the development of therapeutic protocols. Here, we sought for subpopulations of CSCs by analyzing 10 judiciously chosen stem cell markers in a normal breast cell line (MCF10-A) and in four human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435, and Hs578-T) displaying different degrees of metastatic and invasiveness potential. We were able to identify two markers, which are differentially expressed in nontumorigenic versus tumor cells. The CD90 marker was highly expressed in the malignant cell lines. Interestingly, the CD14 molecule displayed higher expression levels in the nontumorigenic cell line. Therefore, we demonstrated that these two markers, which are more commonly used to isolate and characterize stem cells, are differentially expressed in breast tumor cells, when compared with nontumorigenic breast cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R M Lobba
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL), University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Forni MF, Loureiro RR, Cristovam PC, Bonatti JA, Sogayar MC, Gomes JÁP. Comparison Between Different Biomaterial Scaffolds for Limbal-Derived Stem Cells Growth and Enrichment. Curr Eye Res 2012; 38:27-34. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2012.733053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
18
|
Carneiro-Lobo TC, Konig S, Machado DE, Nasciutti LE, Forni MF, Francischetti IMB, Sogayar MC, Monteiro RQ. Ixolaris, a tissue factor inhibitor, blocks primary tumor growth and angiogenesis in a glioblastoma model. J Thromb Haemost 2009; 7:1855-64. [PMID: 19624457 PMCID: PMC2896491 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03553.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression levels of the clotting initiator protein Tissue Factor (TF) correlate with vessel density and the histological malignancy grade of glioma patients. Increased procoagulant tonus in high grade tumors (glioblastomas) also indicates a potential role for TF in progression of this disease, and suggests that anticoagulants could be used as adjuvants for its treatment. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that blocking of TF activity with the tick anticoagulant Ixolaris might interfere with glioblastoma progression. METHODS AND RESULTS TF was identified in U87-MG cells by flow-cytometric and functional assays (extrinsic tenase). In addition, flow-cytometric analysis demonstrated the exposure of phosphatidylserine in the surface of U87-MG cells, which supported the assembly of intrinsic tenase (FIXa/FVIIIa/FX) and prothrombinase (FVa/FXa/prothrombin) complexes, accounting for the production of FXa and thrombin, respectively. Ixolaris effectively blocked the in vitro TF-dependent procoagulant activity of the U87-MG human glioblastoma cell line and attenuated multimolecular coagulation complexes assembly. Notably, Ixolaris inhibited the in vivo tumorigenic potential of U87-MG cells in nude mice, without observable bleeding. This inhibitory effect of Ixolaris on tumor growth was associated with downregulation of VEGF and reduced tumor vascularization. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Ixolaris might be a promising agent for anti-tumor therapy in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T C Carneiro-Lobo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|