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Breda CNDS, Breda LCD, Carvalho LADC, Amano MT, Terra FF, Silva RC, Fragas MG, Forni MF, Fonseca MTC, Venturini G, Feitosa ACM, Ghirotto B, Cruz MC, Cunha FF, Ignacio A, Latância M, Castoldi A, Andrade-Oliveira V, Martins da Silva E, Hiyane MI, Pereira ADC, Festuccia W, Meotti FC, Câmara NOS. Loss of mTORC2 Activity in Neutrophils Impairs Fusion of Granules and Affects Cellular Metabolism Favoring Increased Bacterial Burden in Sepsis. J Immunol 2021; 207:626-639. [PMID: 34261666 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a complex infectious syndrome in which neutrophil participation is crucial for patient survival. Neutrophils quickly sense and eliminate the pathogen by using different effector mechanisms controlled by metabolic processes. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is an important route for metabolic regulation, and its role in neutrophil metabolism has not been fully understood yet, especially the importance of mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) in the neutrophil effector functions. In this study, we observed that the loss of Rictor (mTORC2 scaffold protein) in primary mouse-derived neutrophils affects their chemotaxis by fMLF and their microbial killing capacity, but not the phagocytic capacity. We found that the microbicidal capacity was impaired in Rictor-deleted neutrophils because of an improper fusion of granules, reducing the hypochlorous acid production. The loss of Rictor also led to metabolic alterations in isolated neutrophils, increasing aerobic glycolysis. Finally, myeloid-Rictor-deleted mice (LysMRic Δ/Δ) also showed an impairment of the microbicidal capacity, increasing the bacterial burden in the Escherichia coli sepsis model. Overall, our results highlight the importance of proper mTORC2 activation for neutrophil effector functions and metabolism during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mariane Tami Amano
- Instituto Sírio-Libanês de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fernandes Terra
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Correia Silva
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Garcia Fragas
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Forni
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Horsley Laboratory, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Gabriela Venturini
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Ghirotto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Costa Cruz
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Franco Cunha
- Nephrology Division, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Ignacio
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela Latância
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angela Castoldi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Andrade-Oliveira
- Federal University of ABC, Natural and Human Sciences Center, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Martins da Silva
- Nephrology Division, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Meire Ioshie Hiyane
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre da Costa Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - William Festuccia
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Flávia Carla Meotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; .,Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Renal Physiology (LIM 16), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sales-Campos H, Basso PJ, Alves VBF, Fonseca MTC, Bonfá G, Nardini V, Cardoso CRB. Classical and recent advances in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 48:96-107. [PMID: 25466162 PMCID: PMC4321214 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20143774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are intestinal disorders that comprise the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). These disorders have a significant effect on the quality of life of affected patients and the increasing number of IBD cases worldwide is a growing concern. Because of the overall burden of IBD and its multifactorial etiology, efforts have been made to improve the medical management of these inflammatory conditions. The classical therapeutic strategies aim to control the exacerbated host immune response with aminosalicylates, antibiotics, corticosteroids, thiopurines, methotrexate and anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) biological agents. Although successful in the treatment of several CD or UC conditions, these drugs have limited effectiveness, and variable responses may culminate in unpredictable outcomes. The ideal therapy should reduce inflammation without inducing immunosuppression, and remains a challenge to health care personnel. Recently, a number of additional approaches to IBD therapy, such as new target molecules for biological agents and cellular therapy, have shown promising results. A deeper understanding of IBD pathogenesis and the availability of novel therapies are needed to improve therapeutic success. This review describes the overall key features of therapies currently employed in clinical practice as well as novel and future alternative IBD treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sales-Campos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - P J Basso
- Departamento de Imunologia e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - V B F Alves
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - M T C Fonseca
- Departamento de Imunologia e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - G Bonfá
- Departamento de Imunologia e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - V Nardini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - C R B Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Basso PJ, Fonseca MTC, Bonfá G, Alves VBF, Sales-Campos H, Nardini V, Cardoso CRB. Association among genetic predisposition, gut microbiota, and host immune response in the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 47:727-37. [PMID: 25075576 PMCID: PMC4143199 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20143932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic disorder that affects thousands of people around the world. These diseases are characterized by exacerbated uncontrolled intestinal inflammation that leads to poor quality of life in affected patients. Although the exact cause of IBD still remains unknown, compelling evidence suggests that the interplay among immune deregulation, environmental factors, and genetic polymorphisms contributes to the multifactorial nature of the disease. Therefore, in this review we present classical and novel findings regarding IBD etiopathogenesis. Considering the genetic causes of the diseases, alterations in about 100 genes or allelic variants, most of them in components of the immune system, have been related to IBD susceptibility. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota also plays a role in the initiation or perpetuation of gut inflammation, which develops under altered or impaired immune responses. In this context, unbalanced innate and especially adaptive immunity has been considered one of the major contributing factors to IBD development, with the involvement of the Th1, Th2, and Th17 effector population in addition to impaired regulatory responses in CD or UC. Finally, an understanding of the interplay among pathogenic triggers of IBD will improve knowledge about the immunological mechanisms of gut inflammation, thus providing novel tools for IBD control.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Basso
- Departamento de Imunologia e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - M T C Fonseca
- Departamento de Imunologia e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - G Bonfá
- Departamento de Imunologia e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - V B F Alves
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - H Sales-Campos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - V Nardini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - C R B Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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