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Hou W, Huang H, Wu XQ, Lan JX. Bioactivities and mechanism of action of securinega alkaloids derivatives reported prior to 2022. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114190. [PMID: 36916441 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Securinega alkaloids are indolizidine alkaloids extracted from the leaf and root of an Asian plant, Securinega suffruticosa. Since its discovery in 1956 by Russian scientists, numerous studies have been conducted on securinega alkaloids and their derivatives as bioactive agents. In this review, published work on the bioactivities and the mechanism of action of securinega alkaloids and their derivatives is addressed. References were obtained through for example, the Web of Science, Science Direct, Pubmed and Google Scholar. Research into the synthesis of securinega alkaloids and their derivatives lacking activity assessment has been excluded. Comprehensive reviews show that securinega alkaloids and their derivatives exhibit a wide range of activities among which antineoplastic activity and nervous system related activity were reported although the mechanisms of action remain in part unknown. The other activities such as induction of differentiation, reversal of multi-drug resistance, cardiovascular system related activity, anti-inflammatory, adjuvant agent and anti-pathogenic activity are also reviewed. We found that modification at the C12, C14, and C15 sites on securinine improves the antitumor activity, while derivatives in which a bivalent mimetic is linked to the C15 site is beneficial for differentiation induction activity and reversal of P-glycoprotein mediated drug resistance. The most related pathways involved in the bioactivity of securinega alkaloids and their derivatives are JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK. A perspective and expectation concerning the research of securinega alkaloids is presented at the end of this article. This review indicates directions around which constant endeavor could be valuable for researchers in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China.
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Xue-Qiang Wu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou 514000, PR China
| | - Jin-Xia Lan
- College of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China.
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2
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Le Roch M, Afonso D, Chirkin E, Guillory X, Porée FH. Structure simplification of the Securinine skeleton reveals the importance of BCD ring system for the cytotoxic activity on HCT116 and HL60 cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 58:116658. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Ashraf SM, Mahanty S, Rathinasamy K. Securinine induces mitotic block in cancer cells by binding to tubulin and inhibiting microtubule assembly: A possible mechanistic basis for its anticancer activity. Life Sci 2021; 287:120105. [PMID: 34756929 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Analysis of the anticancer and antimitotic activity of the plant derived alkaloid securinine along with its effect on the organization of cellular microtubules as well as its binding with purified goat brain tubulin in-vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxicity of securinine on different cell lines was conducted using SRB assay. The effect of securinine on the cellular microtubules was analyzed using immunofluorescence microscopy. The binding of securinine on purified goat brain tubulin was evaluated using fluorescent spectroscopy. KEY FINDINGS Securinine effectively prevented the proliferation of cervical, breast and lung cancer cells with an IC50 of 6, 10 and 11 μM respectively and induced minimal toxicity in HEK cell line. Securinine at concentrations higher than IC50 induced significant depolymerization in interphase and mitotic microtubules and it suppressed the reassembly of cold depolymerized spindle microtubules in HeLa cells. In the wound healing assay, securinine effectively suppressed the migration of HeLa cells to close the wound. Securinine bound to tubulin with a Kd of 9.7 μM and inhibited the assembly of tubulin into microtubules. The treatment with securinine induced a mitochondrial dependent ROS response in HeLa cells which enhanced the cytotoxic effect of securinine. The result from gene expression studies indicates that securinine induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells through p53 dependent pathway. SIGNIFICANCE Considering the strong anticancer and anti-metastatic property and low toxicity in non-malignant cell lines, we suggest that securinine can be used as a chemotherapeutic drug either alone or in combination with other known anticancer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabeeba M Ashraf
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Susobhan Mahanty
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Krishnan Rathinasamy
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India.
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4
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Thioredoxin reductase is a major regulator of metabolism in leukemia cells. Oncogene 2021; 40:5236-5246. [PMID: 34239044 PMCID: PMC8380733 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that AML is the most common acute leukemia in adults, patient outcomes are poor necessitating the development of novel therapies. We identified that inhibition of Thioredoxin Reductase (TrxR) is a promising strategy for AML and report a highly potent and specific inhibitor of TrxR, S-250. Both pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of TrxR impairs the growth of human AML in mouse models. We found that TrxR inhibition leads to a rapid and marked impairment of metabolism in leukemic cells subsequently leading to cell death. TrxR was found to be a major and direct regulator of metabolism in AML cells through impacts on both glycolysis and the TCA cycle. Studies revealed that TrxR directly regulates GAPDH leading to a disruption of glycolysis and an increase in flux through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). The combined inhibition of TrxR and the PPP led to enhanced leukemia growth inhibition. Overall, TrxR abrogation, particularly with S-250, was identified as a promising strategy to disrupt AML metabolism.
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Klochkov S, Neganova M. Unique indolizidine alkaloid securinine is a promising scaffold for the development of neuroprotective and antitumor drugs. RSC Adv 2021; 11:19185-19195. [PMID: 35478659 PMCID: PMC9033663 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02558a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids, secondary plant metabolites, are used in traditional medicine in many countries to treat various pathological conditions. Securinine, a unique indolizidine alkaloid combining four cycles, “6-azobicyclo[3.2.1]octane” as a key structure fused with α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactone and piperidine ring, has a broad spectrum of actions including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, neuroprotective and antitumor, and has been previously used in medical practice. It has several reactive centers, which are double bonds at positions 12–13 and 14–15, and this is a challenging scaffold for the synthesis of biologically active compounds. In this review, works on the production of modified securinine derivatives and their biological activity are addressed. Both monovalent and bivalent derivatives that are most promising in our opinion, and have potential for further research, are considered. Derivatives of unique indolizidine alkaloid securinine used for neuroprotection and as antitumor agents.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Klochkov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences
- Chernogolovka
- Russia
| | - Margarita Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences
- Chernogolovka
- Russia
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6
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Zhang J, Morris-Natschke SL, Ma D, Shang XF, Yang CJ, Liu YQ, Lee KH. Biologically active indolizidine alkaloids. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:928-960. [PMID: 33128409 DOI: 10.1002/med.21747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Indolizidine alkaloids are chemical constituents isolated from various marine and terrestrial plants and animals, including but not limited to trees, fungi, ants, and frogs, with a myriad of important biological activities. In this review, we discuss the biological activity and pharmacological effects of indolizidine alkaloids and offer new avenues toward the discovery of new and better drugs based on these naturally occurring compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Susan L Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Di Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Chen-Jie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Antien K, Lacambra A, Cossío FP, Massip S, Deffieux D, Pouységu L, Peixoto PA, Quideau S. Bio‐inspired Total Synthesis of Twelve
Securinega
Alkaloids: Structural Reassignments of (+)‐Virosine B and (−)‐Episecurinol A. Chemistry 2019; 25:11574-11580. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Antien
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255) 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
| | - Aitor Lacambra
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255) 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
- Departamento de Química Orgánica IUniversidad del País Vasco Avda. Tolosa 72, Edificio Korta 20018 San Sebastián Spain
| | - Fernando P. Cossío
- Departamento de Química Orgánica IUniversidad del País Vasco Avda. Tolosa 72, Edificio Korta 20018 San Sebastián Spain
| | - Stéphane Massip
- Univ. BordeauxInstitut Européen de Chimie et Biologie (CNRS-UMS 3033) 2 rue Robert Escarpit 33607 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Denis Deffieux
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255) 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
| | - Laurent Pouységu
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255) 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
| | - Philippe A. Peixoto
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255) 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
| | - Stéphane Quideau
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255) 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
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8
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Huang L, Li A, Liao G, Yang F, Yang J, Chen X, Jiang X. Curcumol triggers apoptosis of p53 mutant triple-negative human breast cancer MDA-MB 231 cells via activation of p73 and PUMA. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1080-1088. [PMID: 28693277 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC; estrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptor-negative and Her-2-negative) is often accompanied by a higher frequency of p53 gene mutations. Therefore, TNBC is challenging to treat due to a lack of biological targets and a poor sensitivity to conventional therapies. Curcumol is a monomer composition isolated from the ethanol extracts of Curcuma wenyujin, a Chinese medicinal herb traditionally used as a cancer remedy. Previous studies have revealed that curcumol is able to block proliferation in various human tumor cell lines. However, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of curcumol in the human p53 mutant TNBC MDA-MB-231 cell line and its underlying mechanisms. Cell viability and growth were determined by MTT and a mice xenograft model assay, respectively. Cell cycle distribution was examined by flow cytometry. Apoptosis was evaluated by apoptotic morphology analysis with DAPI staining and flow cytometric analysis following Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. The protein expression in cells was evaluated by immunoblotting. Treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with curcumol resulted in a significant inhibition of cell proliferation in vitro [half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)=240.7±85.0 µg/ml for 48 h and IC50=100.2±13.5 µg/ml for 72 h]. Curcumol treatment also resulted in the suppression of xenograft growth in vivo (100 or 200 µg/kg for 21 days), as well as G1 phase arrest and an apoptotic response, which were accompanied by the upregulation of p73 expression and the activation of the expression of p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) and Bcl-2 antagonistic killer (Bak). No cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase was detected. To the best of our knowledge, the present data demonstrate for the first time that curcumol inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells and triggers p53-independent apoptosis, which may be mediated by the p73-PUMA/Bak signaling pathway. Curcumol may, therefore, be a potential compound for use in the development of novel TNBC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanzhen Huang
- Center for Science Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Ang Li
- Center for Science Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Guanzhen Liao
- Center for Science Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Feicheng Yang
- Center for Science Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Center for Science Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshan Jiang
- Center for Science Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China.,Graduate College, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
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Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Role of Natural Product Securinine in Activated Glial Cells: Implications for Parkinson's Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:8302636. [PMID: 28473732 PMCID: PMC5394397 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8302636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial activation and subsequent release of neurotoxic proinflammatory factors are believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD). Inhibition of glial activation and inflammatory processes may represent a therapeutic target to alleviate neurodegeneration. Securinine, a major natural alkaloid product from the root of the plant Securinega suffruticosa, has been reported to have potent biological activity and is used in the treatment of neurological conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, poliomyelitis, and multiple sclerosis. In this study, we explored the underlying mechanisms of neuroprotection elicited by securinine, particularly its anti-inflammatory effects in glial cells. Our results demonstrate that securinine significantly and dose-dependently suppressed the nitric oxide production in microglia and astrocytic cultures. In addition, securinine inhibited the activation of the inflammatory mediator NF-κB, as well as mitogen-activated protein kinases in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated BV2 cells. Additionally, securinine also inhibited interferon-γ- (IFN-γ-) induced nitric oxide levels and iNOS mRNA expression. Furthermore, conditioned media (CM) from securinine pretreated BV2 cells significantly reduced mesencephalic dopaminergic neurotoxicity compared with CM from LPS stimulated microglia. These findings suggest that securinine may be a potential candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases related to neuroinflammation.
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Peng CK, Zeng T, Xu XJ, Chang YQ, Hou W, Lu K, Lin H, Sun PH, Lin J, Chen WM. Novel 4-(4-substituted amidobenzyl)furan-2(5H)-one derivatives as topoisomerase I inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 127:187-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Securinine enhances SMN2 exon 7 inclusion in spinal muscular atrophy cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:708-714. [PMID: 28152480 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord, leading to muscular atrophy. SMA is caused by deletions or mutations in the survival motor neuron gene (SMN1) on chromosome 5q13. A second copy of the SMN gene (SMN2) also exists on chromosome 5, and both genes can produce functional protein. However, due to alternative splicing of the exon 7, the majority of SMN protein produced by SMN2 is truncated and unable to compensate for the loss of SMN1. Increasing full-length SMN protein production by promoting the exon 7 inclusion in SMN2 mRNA or increasing SMN2 gene transcription could be a therapeutic approach for SMA. In this study, we screened for the compounds that enhance SMN2 exon 7 inclusion by using SMN2 minigene-luciferase reporter system. We found that securinine can increase luciferase activity, indicating that securinine promoted SMN2 exon 7 inclusion. In addition, securinine increased full-length SMN2 mRNA and SMN protein expression in SMA patient-derived lymphoid cell lines. To investigate the mechanism of securinine effect on SMN2 splicing, we compared the protein levels of relevant splicing factors between securinine-treated and untreated cells. We found that securinine downregulated hnRNP A1 and Sam68 and upregulated Tra2-β1 expression. However, securinine, unlike HDAC inhibitors, did not enhance tra2-β1 gene transcription, indicating a post-transcriptional mechanism for Tra2-β1 upregulation. Furthermore, we treated SMA-like mice with securinine by i.p. injection and found that securinine treatment increased SMN2 exon 7 inclusion and SMN protein expression in the brain and spinal cord. According to our results, securinine might have the potential to become a therapeutic drug for SMA disease.
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Zhang J, Yao J, Peng S, Li X, Fang J. Securinine disturbs redox homeostasis and elicits oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis via targeting thioredoxin reductase. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:129-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Stefanowicz-Hajduk J, Sparzak-Stefanowska B, Krauze-Baranowska M, Ochocka JR. Securinine from Phyllanthus glaucus Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Cervical Cancer HeLa Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165372. [PMID: 27792748 PMCID: PMC5085043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Securinega-type alkaloids occur in plants belonging to Euphorbiaceae family. One of the most widely distributed alkaloid of this group is securinine, which was identified next to allosecurinine in Phyllanthus glaucus (leafflower). Recently, some Securinega-type alkaloids have paid attention to its antiproliferative potency towards different cancer cells. However, the cytotoxic properties of allosecurinine have not yet been evaluated. Methods The cytotoxicity of the extract, alkaloid fraction obtained from P. glaucus, isolated securinine and allosecurinine against HeLa cells was evaluated by real-time xCELLigence system and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptosis was detected by annexin V and 7-amino-actinomycin (7-AAD) staining and confirmed with fluorescent Hoechst 33342 dye. The assessment of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, the level of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), caspase-3/7 activity and cell cycle analysis were measured by flow cytometry. The enzymatic activity of caspase-9 was assessed by a luminometric assay. The expression of apoptosis associated genes was analyzed by real-time PCR. Results The experimental data revealed that securinine and the alkaloid fraction were significantly potent on HeLa cells growth inhibition with IC50 values of 7.02 ± 0.52 μg/ml (32.3 μM) and 25.46 ± 1.79 μg/ml, respectively. The activity of allosecurinine and Phyllanthus extract were much lower. Furthermore, our study showed that the most active securinine induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in the tested cells, increased the percentage of ROS positive cells and depolarized cells as well as stimulated the activity of ERK1/2, caspase-9 and -3/7. Securinine also induced cell cycle arrest in S phase. Real-time PCR analysis showed high expression of TNFRSF genes in the cells stimulated with securinine. Conclusions Securinine induces apoptosis and activates cell cycle checkpoints in HeLa cells which is associated with oxidative stress. The results indicate that the mitochondrial pathway is involved in the programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J. Renata Ochocka
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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14
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Novel securinine derivatives as topoisomerase I based antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 122:149-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Perez M, Ayad T, Maillos P, Poughon V, Fahy J, Ratovelomanana-Vidal V. Synthesis and Antiproliferative and Metabolic Evaluations of Novel Securinine Derivatives. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:403-7. [PMID: 27096049 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
New securinine analogues have been prepared by semisynthesis. Two series were developed using either Suzuki or Sonogashira cross coupling reactions. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the compounds was assayed against HCT-116 colon cancer cells. The most potent derivatives showed promising growth inhibition on four tumoral cell lines giving a valuable insight on the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of securinine. Moreover, high antiproliferative effect against A-375 (melanoma) was observed with IC50 up to 60 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Perez
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech - CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Tahar Ayad
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech - CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Valérie Poughon
- Unité de Service et de Recherche CNRS-Pierre Fabre n°3388 ETaC CRDPF, 31035 Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Fahy
- Unité de Service et de Recherche CNRS-Pierre Fabre n°3388 ETaC CRDPF, 31035 Toulouse, France
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Karan G, Wang H, Chakrabarti A, Karan S, Liu Z, Xia Z, Gundluru M, Moreton S, Saunthararajah Y, Jackson MW, Agarwal MK, Wald DN. Identification of a Small Molecule That Overcomes HdmX-Mediated Suppression of p53. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:574-582. [PMID: 26883273 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation of the p53 tumor suppressor by mutation or overexpression of negative regulators occurs frequently in cancer. As p53 plays a key role in regulating proliferation or apoptosis in response to DNA-damaging chemotherapies, strategies aimed at reactivating p53 are increasingly being sought. Strategies to reactivate wild-type p53 include the use of small molecules capable of releasing wild-type p53 from key, cellular negative regulators, such as Hdm2 and HdmX. Derivatives of the Hdm2 antagonist Nutlin-3 are in clinical trials. However, Nutlin-3 specifically disrupts Hdm2-p53, leaving tumors harboring high levels of HdmX resistant to Nutlin-3 treatment. Here, we identify CTX1, a novel small molecule that overcomes HdmX-mediated p53 repression. CTX1 binds directly to HdmX to prevent p53-HdmX complex formation, resulting in the rapid induction of p53 in a DNA damage-independent manner. Treatment of a panel of cancer cells with CTX1 induced apoptosis or suppressed proliferation and, importantly, CTX1 demonstrates promising activity as a single agent in a mouse model of circulating primary human leukemia. CTX1 is a small molecule HdmX inhibitor that demonstrates promise as a cancer therapeutic candidate. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(4); 574-82. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | | | | | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | | | - Yogen Saunthararajah
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Mark W Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Mukesh K Agarwal
- Invenio Therapeutics, Lexington, KY.,MirX Pharmaceuticals, Cleveland, OH
| | - David N Wald
- Invenio Therapeutics, Lexington, KY.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH.,MirX Pharmaceuticals, Cleveland, OH
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Perez M, Ayad T, Maillos P, Poughon V, Fahy J, Ratovelomanana-Vidal V. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new securinine analogues as potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 109:287-93. [PMID: 26793989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of new securinine analogues was prepared by Heck reaction from readily accessible securinine and commercially available iodoarenes. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the prepared compounds was assayed against a panel of four cancer cell lines: A375, A549, HCT-116 and HL-60 showing promising growth inhibition with excellent IC50 values in the nanomolar range. The plasmatic stability of the most potent analogue was also investigated demonstrating that they might serve as valuable leads for the development of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Perez
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech - CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Tahar Ayad
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech - CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, Paris, 75005, France
| | | | - Valérie Poughon
- Unité de Service et de Recherche CNRS-Pierre Fabre n°3388 ETaC CRDPF, Toulouse, 31035, France
| | - Jacques Fahy
- Unité de Service et de Recherche CNRS-Pierre Fabre n°3388 ETaC CRDPF, Toulouse, 31035, France.
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18
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Abstract
p53 plays a key role in regulating DNA damage response by suppressing cell cycle progression or inducing apoptosis depending on extent of DNA damage. However, it is not clear why mild genotoxic stress favors growth arrest, whereas excessive lesions signal cells to die. Here we showed that TAp73, a p53 homologue thought to have a similar function as p53, restrains the transcriptional activity of p53 and prevents excessive activation of its downstream targets upon low levels of DNA damage, which results in cell cycle arrest. Extensive DNA damage triggers TAp73 depletion through ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation of E2F1, leading to enhanced transcriptional activation by p53 and subsequent induction of apoptosis. These findings provide novel insights into the regulation of p53 function and suggest that TAp73 keeps p53 activity in check in regulating cell fate decisions upon genotoxic stress.
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Chirkin E, Michel S, Porée FH. Viability of a [2 + 2 + 1] Hetero-Pauson–Khand Cycloaddition Strategy toward Securinega Alkaloids: Synthesis of the BCD-Ring Core of Securinine and Related Alkaloids. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6525-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Egor Chirkin
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie
UMR CNRS 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Michel
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie
UMR CNRS 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - François-Hugues Porée
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie
UMR CNRS 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
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20
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Eissa MM, Barakat AMA, Amer EI, Younis LK. Could miltefosine be used as a therapy for toxoplasmosis? Exp Parasitol 2015; 157:12-22. [PMID: 26112396 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic protozoal disease affecting more than a billion people worldwide. The shortfalls of the current treatment options necessitate the development of non-toxic and well-tolerated, efficient alternatives especially against the cyst form. The current study was undertaken to investigate, for the first time, the potential potency of miltefosine against Toxoplasma gondii infection in acute and chronic experimental toxoplasmosis. Results showed that there is no evidence of anti-parasitic activity of miltefosine against T. gondii tachyzoites in acute experimental toxoplasmosis. However, anti-parasitic activity of miltefosine against T. gondii cyst stage in chronic experimental toxoplasmosis could not be excluded as demonstrated by significant reduction in brain cyst burden. Moreover, considerable morphological changes in the cysts were revealed by light and electron microscopy study and also by amelioration of pathological changes in the brain. Future studies should focus on enhancement of anti-toxoplasma activity of miltefosine against chronic toxoplasmosis using formulation based nanotechnology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study highlighting efficacy of miltefosine against chronic toxoplasmosis, thus, increasing the list of diseases that can be targeted by this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M Eissa
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Eglal I Amer
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Layla K Younis
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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21
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Morceau F, Chateauvieux S, Orsini M, Trécul A, Dicato M, Diederich M. Natural compounds and pharmaceuticals reprogram leukemia cell differentiation pathways. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:785-97. [PMID: 25886879 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In addition to apoptosis resistance and cell proliferation capacities, the undifferentiated state also characterizes most cancer cells, especially leukemia cells. Cell differentiation is a multifaceted process that depends on complex regulatory networks that involve transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of gene expression. The time- and spatially-dependent expression of lineage-specific genes and genes that control cell growth and cell death is implicated in the process of maturation. The induction of cancer cell differentiation is considered an alternative approach to elicit cell death and proliferation arrest. Differentiation therapy has mainly been developed to treat acute myeloid leukemia, notably with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Numerous molecules from diverse natural or synthetic origins are effective alone or in association with ATRA in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. During the last two decades, pharmaceuticals and natural compounds with various chemical structures, including alkaloids, flavonoids and polyphenols, were identified as potential differentiating agents of hematopoietic pathways and osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Morceau
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Sébastien Chateauvieux
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Marion Orsini
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Trécul
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Mario Dicato
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Marc Diederich
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Li XL, Zhou J, Chen ZR, Chng WJ. p53 mutations in colorectal cancer- molecular pathogenesis and pharmacological reactivation. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:84-93. [PMID: 25574081 PMCID: PMC4284363 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i1.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies with high prevalence and low 5-year survival. CRC is a heterogeneous disease with a complex, genetic and biochemical background. It is now generally accepted that a few important intracellular signaling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin signaling, Ras signaling, and p53 signaling are frequently dysregulated in CRC. Patients with mutant p53 gene are often resistant to current therapies, conferring poor prognosis. Tumor suppressor p53 protein is a transcription factor inducing cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis under cellular stress. Emerging evidence from laboratories and clinical trials shows that some small molecule inhibitors exert anti-cancer effect via reactivation and restoration of p53 function. In this review, we summarize the p53 function and characterize its mutations in CRC. The involvement of p53 mutations in pathogenesis of CRC and their clinical impacts will be highlighted. Moreover, we also describe the current achievements of using p53 modulators to reactivate this pathway in CRC, which may have great potential as novel anti-cancer therapy.
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Chirkin E, Atkatlian W, Porée FH. The Securinega Alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2015; 74:1-120. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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24
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Raj D, Kokotkiewicz A, Luczkiewicz M. Production of therapeutically relevant indolizidine alkaloids in Securinega suffruticosa in vitro shoots maintained in liquid culture systems. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:1576-87. [PMID: 25413794 PMCID: PMC4318985 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microshoot cultures of the Chinese medicinal plant Securinega suffruticosa (Pall.) Rehd. were established and evaluated for the presence of therapeutically relevant indolizidine alkaloids securinine (S) and allosecurinine (AS). The cultures were maintained in shake flasks (SFs) and a bubble column bioreactor (BCB) using the modified Murashige's shoot multiplication medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l(-1) benzyladenine (BA), 3.0 mg l(-1) 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP), and 0.3 mg l(-1) 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The influence of light and medium supplementation strategies with biosynthesis precursor (lysine (LY)) and nutrient formulations (casein hydrolysate (CH) and coconut water (CW)) on biomass growth and alkaloid production were investigated. SF cultures grown in the presence of light yielded up to 6.02 mg g(-1) dry weight (DW) S and 3.70 mg g(-1) DW AS, corresponding to the respective productivities of 98.39 and 60.21 mg l(-1). Among feeding experiments, CW supplementation proved most effective for SF-grown shoots, increasing biomass yield and AS productivity by 52 and 44 %, respectively. Maximum concentrations of securinine (3.25 mg g(-1) DW) and allosecurinine (3.41 mg g(-1) DW) in BCB cultures were achieved in the case of 1.0 g l(-1) LY supplementation. These values corresponded to the productivities of 42.64 and 44.47 mg per bioreactor, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Raj
- The Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211 A, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
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25
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Hwang YJ, Lee EJ, Kim HR, Hwang KA. Molecular mechanisms of luteolin-7-O-glucoside-induced growth inhibition on human liver cancer cells: G2/M cell cycle arrest and caspase-independent apoptotic signaling pathways. BMB Rep 2014; 46:611-6. [PMID: 24257119 PMCID: PMC4133862 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2013.46.12.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Luteolin-7-O-glucoside (LUT7G), a flavone subclass of flavonoids, has been found to increase anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, as well as cytotoxic effects. However, the mechanism of how LUT7G induces apoptosis and regulates cell cycles remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of LUT7G on the growth inhibition of tumors, cell cycle arrest, induction of ROS generation, and the involved signaling pathway in human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. The proliferation of HepG2 cells was decreased by LUT7G in a dose-dependent manner. The growth inhibition was due primarily to the G2/M phase arrest and ROS generation. Moreover, the phosphorylation of JNK was increased by LUT7G. These results suggest that the anti-proliferative effect of LUT7G on HepG2 is associated with G2/M phase cell cycle arrest by JNK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Department of Agrofood Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon 441-853, Korea
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26
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Wabuyele SL, Wald D, Xu Y. Development and validation of LC-MS/MS method for quantitative determination of (-)-securinine in mouse plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 960:19-26. [PMID: 24786218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Securinine (SE) is a major alkaloid found in plant Securinega suffruticosa, which has a wide range of pharmacological activities including anticancer, anti-parasitic and central nervous system stimulating effects, etc. To aid the pharmacological study of SE, we developed an LC-MS/MS method for quantitative determination of SE in mouse plasma. In this method, plasma samples were first prepared with salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction using cold acetonitrile (-20°C) and 2.00 M ammonium acetate. Separation of SE and the internal standard (IS) from sample matrix was achieved on a Gemini Nx C18 column using 40% acetonitrile and 60% 10.0mM ammonium acetate at a flow rate of 0.200 mL min(-1). Quantification of SE was accomplished with positive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry using mass transitions m/z 218.1→84.1 for SE, and m/z 204.1→70.2 for the IS. This method has a lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of 0.600 ng mL(-1) and a linear calibration range up to 600 ng mL(-1) in mouse plasma. The intra- and inter-run accuracy (%RE) and precision (%CV) were ≤ ± 6% and 6%, respectively. The IS normalized matrix factors from six lots of plasma matrices ranged 0.92-1.07, and the recoveries of plasma SE were 99-109%. The validated method has been applied to the measurement of SE in plasma samples of a mouse study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simuli L Wabuyele
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, United States
| | - David Wald
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, United States; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
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27
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Hong B, Prabhu VV, Zhang S, van den Heuvel APJ, Dicker DT, Kopelovich L, El-Deiry WS. Prodigiosin rescues deficient p53 signaling and antitumor effects via upregulating p73 and disrupting its interaction with mutant p53. Cancer Res 2013; 74:1153-65. [PMID: 24247721 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-0955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
p53 reactivation offers a broad-based strategy for cancer therapy. In this study, we report the identification of prodigiosin that can reactivate p53 family-dependent transcriptional activity in p53-deficient human colon cancer cells. Prodigiosin and its structural analogue (compound R) induced the expression of p53 target genes accompanied by cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in p53-deficient cancer cells. Prodigiosin restored p53 signaling in cancer cells harboring hotspot TP53 mutations, with little to no detectable cytotoxicity in normal human fibroblasts and with no genotoxicity. Prodigiosin induced the expression of p73 and disrupted its interaction with mutant p53, thereby rescuing p53 pathway deficiency and promoting antitumor effects. The disruption of mutant p53/p73 interaction was specific to prodigiosin and not related to mTOR inhibition. Our findings suggest that mutant p53 needs to be targeted in the context of p73 stimulation to allow efficient restoration of the p53 pathway. In exhibiting this capability, prodigiosin and its analogue provide lead compounds to rescue deficiencies in the p53 pathway in cancer cells by upregulating p73 and targeting mutant p53/p73 interaction there.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hong
- Authors' Affiliations: Hematology/Oncology Division, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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28
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Tichy ED, Stephan ZA, Osterburg A, Noel G, Stambrook PJ. Mouse embryonic stem cells undergo charontosis, a novel programmed cell death pathway dependent upon cathepsins, p53, and EndoG, in response to etoposide treatment. Stem Cell Res 2013; 10:428-41. [PMID: 23500643 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are hypersensitive to many DNA damaging agents and can rapidly undergo cell death or cell differentiation following exposure. Treatment of mouse ESCs (mESCs) with etoposide (ETO), a topoisomerase II poison, followed by a recovery period resulted in massive cell death with characteristics of a programmed cell death pathway (PCD). While cell death was both caspase- and necroptosis-independent, it was partially dependent on the activity of lysosomal proteases. A role for autophagy in the cell death process was eliminated, suggesting that ETO induces a novel PCD pathway in mESCs. Inhibition of p53 either as a transcription factor by pifithrin α or in its mitochondrial role by pifithrin μ significantly reduced ESC death levels. Finally, EndoG was newly identified as a protease participating in the DNA fragmentation observed during ETO-induced PCD. We coined the term charontosis after Charon, the ferryman of the dead in Greek mythology, to refer to the PCD signaling events induced by ETO in mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisia D Tichy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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29
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Ju J, Qi Z, Cai X, Cao P, Liu N, Wang S, Chen Y. Toosendanin induces apoptosis through suppression of JNK signaling pathway in HL-60 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 27:232-8. [PMID: 23111283 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Toosendanin (TSN), a triterpenoid isolated from Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc., has been found to suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis in a variety of human cancer cells. However, the mechanism how TSN induces apoptosis remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of TSN on the growth, cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis and the involved signaling pathway in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. Proliferation of HL-60 cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner with the IC(50 (48 h)) of 28 ng/mL. The growth inhibition was due primarily to the S phase arrest and cell apoptosis. Cell apoptosis induced by TSN was confirmed by Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining. The increase of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, cleaved PARP and caspase-3, and the decrease of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 were observed. Western blot analysis indicated that TSN inhibits the CDC42/MEKK1/JNK pathway. Taken together, our study suggested, for the first time, that the pro-apoptotic effects of TSN on HL-60 cells were mediated through JNK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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30
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Shipman M, Lubick K, Fouchard D, Guram R, Grieco P, Jutila M, Dratz EA. Proteomic and systems biology analysis of monocytes exposed to securinine, a GABA(A) receptor antagonist and immune adjuvant. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41278. [PMID: 23028424 PMCID: PMC3441550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Securinine, a GABA(A) receptor antagonist, has been reported to enhance monocyte cell killing of Coxiella burnetii without obvious adverse effects in vivo. We employed multiplex 2D gel electrophoresis using Zdyes, a new generation of covalently linked fluorescent differential protein detection dyes to analyze changes in the monocyte proteome in response to Securinine. Securinine antagonism of GABA(A) receptors triggers the activation of p38. We used the differential protein expression results to guide a search of the literature and network analysis software to construct a systems biology model of the effect of Securinine on monocytes. The model suggests that various metabolic modulators (fatty acid binding protein 5, inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase, and thioredoxin) are at least partially reshaping the metabolic landscape within the monocytes. The actin bundling protein L-plastin, and the Ca(2+) binding protein S100A4 also appear to have important roles in the immune response stimulated by Securinine. Fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) may be involved in effecting lipid raft composition, inflammation, and hormonal regulation of monocytes, and the model suggests that FABP5 may be a central regulator of metabolism in activated monocytes. The model also suggests that the heat shock proteins have a significant impact on the monocyte immune response. The model provides a framework to guide future investigations into the mechanisms of Securinine action and with elaboration may help guide development of new types of immune adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Shipman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America.
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31
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Gupta K, Chakrabarti A, Rana S, Ramdeo R, Roth BL, Agarwal ML, Tse W, Agarwal MK, Wald DN. Securinine, a myeloid differentiation agent with therapeutic potential for AML. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21203. [PMID: 21731671 PMCID: PMC3123298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As the defining feature of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a maturation arrest, a highly desirable therapeutic strategy is to induce leukemic cell maturation. This therapeutic strategy has the potential of avoiding the significant side effects that occur with the traditional AML therapeutics. We identified a natural compound securinine, as a leukemia differentiation-inducing agent. Securinine is a plant-derived alkaloid that has previously been used clinically as a therapeutic for primarily neurological related diseases. Securinine induces monocytic differentiation of a wide range of myeloid leukemia cell lines as well as primary leukemic patient samples. Securinine's clinical potential for AML can be seen from its ability to induce significant growth arrest in cell lines and patient samples as well as its activity in significantly impairing the growth of AML tumors in nude mice. In addition, securinine can synergize with currently employed agents such as ATRA and decitabine to induce differentiation. This study has revealed securinine induces differentiation through the activation of DNA damage signaling. Securinine is a promising new monocytic differentiation inducing agent for AML that has seen previous clinical use for non-related disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Azepines/chemistry
- Azepines/pharmacology
- Azepines/therapeutic use
- Azepines/toxicity
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism
- DNA Damage
- HL-60 Cells
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings/chemistry
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings/pharmacology
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings/therapeutic use
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings/toxicity
- Heterocyclic Compounds, Bridged-Ring
- Humans
- Lactones/chemistry
- Lactones/pharmacology
- Lactones/therapeutic use
- Lactones/toxicity
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/pathology
- Myeloid Cells/drug effects
- Myeloid Cells/pathology
- Piperidines/chemistry
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Piperidines/therapeutic use
- Piperidines/toxicity
- Receptors, GABA/metabolism
- Reproducibility of Results
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Sonia Rana
- Invenio Therapeutics, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ritu Ramdeo
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Bryan L. Roth
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Munna L. Agarwal
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - William Tse
- Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mukesh K. Agarwal
- Invenio Therapeutics, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MKA); (DNW)
| | - David N. Wald
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Invenio Therapeutics, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MKA); (DNW)
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32
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Holmes M, Crater AK, Dhudshia B, Thadani AN, Ananvoranich S. Toxoplasma gondii: inhibitory activity and encystation effect of securinine and pyrrolidine derivatives on Toxoplasma growth. Exp Parasitol 2010; 127:370-5. [PMID: 20833168 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Securinine, an alkaloid originally isolated from Securinega suffruticosa, exhibits a wide range of biological activities, including anti-malarial activity. Along with securinine, 10 pyrrolidine derivatives, generated via the retrosynthesis of (-)-securinine, were selected and tested for their inhibitory activity against Toxoplasma gondii growth in vitro. Anti-Toxoplasma activity correlated to hydrophobicity of the tested compounds. Three pyrrolidine derivatives along with securinine inhibit Toxoplasma proliferation at the micromolar range. These compounds act on parasite proliferation in different capacities, either by slowing the growth rate or inhibiting invasion of host cells. Securinine induces bradyzoite differentiation at comparable levels to treatment with alkali media in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Holmes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
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