1
|
Wang L, Paudel BB, McKnight RA, Janes KA. Nucleocytoplasmic transport of active HER2 causes fractional escape from the DCIS-like state. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2110. [PMID: 37055441 PMCID: PMC10102026 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of HER2/ErbB2 coincides with escape from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) premalignancy and disrupts 3D organization of cultured breast-epithelial spheroids. The 3D phenotype is infrequent, however, and mechanisms for its incomplete penetrance have been elusive. Using inducible HER2/ErbB2-EGFR/ErbB1 heterodimers, we match phenotype penetrance to the frequency of co-occurring transcriptomic changes and uncover a reconfiguration in the karyopherin network regulating ErbB nucleocytoplasmic transport. Induction of the exportin CSE1L inhibits nuclear accumulation of ErbBs, whereas nuclear ErbBs silence the importin KPNA1 by inducing miR-205. When these negative feedbacks are incorporated into a validated systems model of nucleocytoplasmic transport, steady-state localization of ErbB cargo becomes ultrasensitive to initial CSE1L abundance. Erbb2-driven carcinomas with Cse1l deficiency outgrow less irregularly from mammary ducts, and NLS-attenuating mutants or variants of HER2 favor escape in 3D culture. We conclude here that adaptive nucleocytoplasmic relocalization of HER2 creates a systems-level molecular switch at the premalignant-to-malignant transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - B Bishal Paudel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - R Anthony McKnight
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Olympus Veran Technologies, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kevin A Janes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Delage L, Lambert M, Bardel É, Kundlacz C, Chartoire D, Conchon A, Peugnet AL, Gorka L, Auberger P, Jacquel A, Soussain C, Destaing O, Delecluse HJ, Delecluse S, Merabet S, Traverse-Glehen A, Salles G, Bachy E, Billaud M, Ghesquières H, Genestier L, Rouault JP, Sujobert P. BTG1 inactivation drives lymphomagenesis and promotes lymphoma dissemination through activation of BCAR1. Blood 2023; 141:1209-1220. [PMID: 36375119 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the functional role of mutated genes in cancer is required to translate the findings of cancer genomics into therapeutic improvement. BTG1 is recurrently mutated in the MCD/C5 subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which is associated with extranodal dissemination. Here, we provide evidence that Btg1 knock out accelerates the development of a lethal lymphoproliferative disease driven by Bcl2 overexpression. Furthermore, we show that the scaffolding protein BCAR1 is a BTG1 partner. Moreover, after BTG1 deletion or expression of BTG1 mutations observed in patients with DLBCL, the overactivation of the BCAR1-RAC1 pathway confers increased migration ability in vitro and in vivo. These modifications are targetable with the SRC inhibitor dasatinib, which opens novel therapeutic opportunities in BTG1 mutated DLBCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorric Delage
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team LIB), Université Lyon, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université de Lyon, Oullins, France
| | - Mireille Lambert
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Plateforme BioMecan'IC, Biomécanique de la cellule, Paris, France
| | - Émilie Bardel
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team LIB), Université Lyon, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université de Lyon, Oullins, France
| | - Cindy Kundlacz
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5242, Université Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Dimitri Chartoire
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team LIB), Université Lyon, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université de Lyon, Oullins, France
| | - Axel Conchon
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team LIB), Université Lyon, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université de Lyon, Oullins, France
| | - Anne-Laure Peugnet
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team LIB), Université Lyon, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université de Lyon, Oullins, France
| | - Lucas Gorka
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université de Lyon, Oullins, France
| | - Patrick Auberger
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), INSERM U1065, Nice, France
| | - Arnaud Jacquel
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), INSERM U1065, Nice, France
| | - Carole Soussain
- Institut Curie, Site de Saint-Cloud, Hematologie, et INSERM U932 Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Destaing
- Centre de Recherche UGA, INSERM U1209, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Samir Merabet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5242, Université Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandra Traverse-Glehen
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team LIB), Université Lyon, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université de Lyon, Oullins, France
| | - Gilles Salles
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Emmanuel Bachy
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team LIB), Université Lyon, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université de Lyon, Oullins, France
| | - Marc Billaud
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)-U1052, Centre National de la Recherche UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Hervé Ghesquières
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team LIB), Université Lyon, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université de Lyon, Oullins, France
| | - Laurent Genestier
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team LIB), Université Lyon, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université de Lyon, Oullins, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Rouault
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université de Lyon, Oullins, France
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)-U1052, Centre National de la Recherche UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Sujobert
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team LIB), Université Lyon, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université de Lyon, Oullins, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin CS, Lin CL, Ying TH, Chiou HL, Hung CH, Liao WS, Hsieh YH, Kao SH. β-Mangostin inhibits the metastatic power of cervical cancer cells attributing to suppression of JNK2/AP-1/Snail cascade. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8446-8460. [PMID: 32324277 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
β-Mangostin is a natural mangostin with potent anticancer activity against various cancers. In this study, we further explored the anticancer activity of β-mangostin on cervical cancer cells. β-Mangostin did not affect cell viability and cell cycle distribution in HeLa and SiHa cells; however, it dose-dependently inhibited the migration and invasion of both the human cervical cancer cell lines. In addition, we observed that β-mangostin suppressed the expression of integrin αV and β3 and the downstream focal adhesion kinase/Src signaling. We also found that Snail was involved in the β-mangostin inhibited cell migration and invasion of HeLa cell. Then, our findings showed that β-mangostin reduced both nuclear translocation and messenger RNA expression of AP-1 and demonstrated that AP-1 could target to the Snail promoter and induce Snail expression. Kinase cascade analysis and reporter assay showed that JNK2 was involved in the inhibition of AP-1/Snail axis by β-mangostin in HeLa cells. These results indicate that β-mangostin can inhibit the mobility and invasiveness of cervical cancer cells, which may attribute to the suppression of both integrin/Src signaling and JNK2-mediated AP-1/Snail axis. This suggests that β-mangostin has potential antimetastatic potential against cervical cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Shiang Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ho Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Chiou
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Hung
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shan Liao
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hsuan Kao
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yoshida K, Tsuda M, Matsumoto R, Semba S, Wang L, Sugino H, Tanino M, Kondo T, Tanabe K, Tanaka S. Exosomes containing ErbB2/CRK induce vascular growth in premetastatic niches and promote metastasis of bladder cancer. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2119-2132. [PMID: 31141251 PMCID: PMC6609816 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced and metastatic invasive bladder cancer (BC) has a poor prognosis, and no advanced therapies beyond cisplatin‐based combination chemotherapy have been developed. Therefore, it is an urgent issue to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of tumor progression and metastasis of invasive BC for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Here, we clarified a novel role of exosomes containing ErbB2 and CRK in a formation of premetastatic niches and subsequent metastases. CRK adaptors were overexpressed in invasive UM‐UC‐3 BC cells. In an orthotopic xenograft model, metastases to lung, liver, and bone of UM‐UC‐3 cells were completely abolished by CRK elimination. Mass spectrometry analysis identified that ErbB2 was contained in UM‐UC‐3‐derived exosomes in a CRK‐dependent manner; the exosomes significantly increased proliferation and invasion properties of low‐grade 5637 BC cells and HUVECs through FAK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. In athymic mice educated with UM‐UC‐3‐derived exosomes, i.v. implanted UM‐UC‐3 cells were trapped with surrounding PKH67‐labeled exosomes in lung and led to development of lung metastasis with disordered vascular proliferation. In contrast, exosomes derived from CRK‐depleted BC cells failed to induce these malignant features. Taken together, we showed that CRK adaptors elevated the expression of ErbB2/3 in BC cells, and these tyrosine kinase/adaptor units were transferred from host BC cells to metastatic recipient cells by exosomes, leading to vascular leakiness and proliferation and contributing to the formation of distant metastasis. Thus, CRK intervention with ErbB2/3 blockade might be a potent therapeutic strategy for patients with ErbB2 overexpressing advanced and metastatic BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Yoshida
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's University Hospital, Shinjuku-ku, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masumi Tsuda
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryuji Matsumoto
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shingo Semba
- Department of Sports Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Sugino
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mishie Tanino
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsunenori Kondo
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's University Hospital, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Kazunari Tanabe
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's University Hospital, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Costamagna A, Rossi Sebastiano M, Natalini D, Simoni M, Valabrega G, Defilippi P, Visentin S, Ermondi G, Turco E, Caron G, Cabodi S. Modeling ErbB2-p130Cas interaction to design new potential anticancer agents. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3089. [PMID: 30816273 PMCID: PMC6395809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39510-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase is overexpressed in approximately 15–20% of breast tumors and associated with aggressive disease and poor clinical outcome. p130Cas represents a nodal scaffold protein regulating cell survival, migration and proliferation in normal and pathological contexts. p130Cas overexpression in ErbB2 human breast cancer correlates with poor prognosis and metastasis formation. Recent data indicate that p130Cas association to ErbB2 protects ErbB2 from degradation, thus enhancing tumorigenesis. Therefore, inhibiting p130Cas/ErbB2 interaction might represent a new therapeutic strategy to target breast cancer. Here we demonstrate by performing Molecular Modeling, Molecular Dynamics, dot blot, ELISA and fluorescence quenching experiments, that p130Cas binds directly to ErbB2. Then, by structure-based virtual screening, we identified two potential inhibitors of p130Cas/ErbB2 interaction. Their experimental validation was performed in vitro and in ErbB2-positive breast cancer cellular models. The results highlight that both compounds interfere with p130Cas/ErbB2 binding and significantly affect cell proliferation and sensitivity to Trastuzumab. Overall, this study identifies p130Cas/ErbB2 complex as a potential breast cancer target revealing new therapeutic perspectives for protein-protein interaction (PPI).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Costamagna
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Dora Natalini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Matilde Simoni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Paola Defilippi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Sonja Visentin
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ermondi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Emilia Turco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Caron
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Cabodi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gemperle J, Dibus M, Koudelková L, Rosel D, Brábek J. The interaction of p130Cas with PKN3 promotes malignant growth. Mol Oncol 2018; 13:264-289. [PMID: 30422386 PMCID: PMC6360386 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein p130Cas constitutes an adaptor protein mainly involved in integrin signaling downstream of Src kinase. Owing to its modular structure, p130Cas acts as a general regulator of cancer cell growth and invasiveness induced by different oncogenes. However, other mechanisms of p130Cas signaling leading to malignant progression are poorly understood. Here, we show a novel interaction of p130Cas with Ser/Thr kinase PKN3, which is implicated in prostate and breast cancer growth downstream of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase. This direct interaction is mediated by the p130Cas SH3 domain and the centrally located PKN3 polyproline sequence. PKN3 is the first identified Ser/Thr kinase to bind and phosphorylate p130Cas and to colocalize with p130Cas in cell structures that have a pro‐invasive function. Moreover, the PKN3–p130Cas interaction is important for mouse embryonic fibroblast growth and invasiveness independent of Src transformation, indicating a mechanism distinct from that previously characterized for p130Cas. Together, our results suggest that the PKN3–p130Cas complex represents an attractive therapeutic target in late‐stage malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Gemperle
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science - Biocev, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Dibus
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science - Biocev, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Koudelková
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science - Biocev, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rosel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science - Biocev, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science - Biocev, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dysregulation of Blimp1 transcriptional repressor unleashes p130Cas/ErbB2 breast cancer invasion. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1145. [PMID: 28442738 PMCID: PMC5430666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
ErbB2 overexpression is detected in approximately 20% of breast cancers and is correlated with poor survival. It was previously shown that the adaptor protein p130Cas/BCAR1 is a crucial mediator of ErbB2 transformation and that its overexpression confers invasive properties to ErbB2-positive human mammary epithelial cells. We herein prove, for the first time, that the transcriptional repressor Blimp1 is a novel mediator of p130Cas/ErbB2-mediated invasiveness. Indeed, high Blimp1 expression levels are detected in invasive p130Cas/ErbB2 cells and correlate with metastatic status in human breast cancer patients. The present study, by using 2D and 3D breast cancer models, shows that the increased Blimp1 expression depends on both MAPK activation and miR-23b downmodulation. Moreover, we demonstrate that Blimp1 triggers cell invasion and metastasis formation via its effects on focal adhesion and survival signaling. These findings unravel the previously unidentified role that transcriptional repressor Blimp1 plays in the control of breast cancer invasiveness.
Collapse
|
8
|
Distinct ErbB2 receptor populations differentially interact with beta1 integrin in breast cancer cell models. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174230. [PMID: 28306722 PMCID: PMC5357064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ErbB2 is a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase receptors that plays a major role in breast cancer progression. Located at the plasma membrane, ErbB2 forms large clusters in spite of the presence of growth factors. Beta1 integrin, membrane receptor of extracellular matrix proteins, regulates adhesion, migration and invasiveness of breast cancer cells. Physical interaction between beta1 integrin and ErbB2 has been suggested although published data are contradictory. The aim of the present work was to study the interaction between ErbB2 and beta1 integrin in different scenarios of expression and activation. We determined that beta1 integrin and ErbB2 colocalization is dependent on the expression level of both receptors exclusively in adherent cells. In suspension cells, lack of focal adhesions leave integrins free to diffuse on the plasma membrane and interact with ErbB2 even at low expression levels of both receptors. In adherent cells, high expression of beta1 integrin leaves unbound receptors outside focal complexes that diffuse within the plasma membrane and interact with ErbB2 membrane domains. Superresolution imaging showed the existence of two distinct populations of ErbB2: a major population located in large clusters and a minor population outside these structures. Upon ErbB2 overexpression, receptors outside large clusters can freely diffuse at the membrane and interact with integrins. These results reveal how expression levels of beta1 integrin and ErbB2 determine their frequency of colocalization and show that extracellular matrix proteins shape membrane clusters distribution, regulating ErbB2 and beta1 integrin activity in breast cancer cells.
Collapse
|
9
|
Grasso S, Chapelle J, Salemme V, Aramu S, Russo I, Vitale N, Verdun di Cantogno L, Dallaglio K, Castellano I, Amici A, Centonze G, Sharma N, Lunardi S, Cabodi S, Cavallo F, Lamolinara A, Stramucci L, Moiso E, Provero P, Albini A, Sapino A, Staaf J, Di Fiore PP, Bertalot G, Pece S, Tosoni D, Confalonieri S, Iezzi M, Di Stefano P, Turco E, Defilippi P. The scaffold protein p140Cap limits ERBB2-mediated breast cancer progression interfering with Rac GTPase-controlled circuitries. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14797. [PMID: 28300085 PMCID: PMC5357316 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The docking protein p140Cap negatively regulates tumour cell features. Its relevance on breast cancer patient survival, as well as its ability to counteract relevant cancer signalling pathways, are not fully understood. Here we report that in patients with ERBB2-amplified breast cancer, a p140Cap-positive status associates with a significantly lower probability of developing a distant event, and a clear difference in survival. p140Cap dampens ERBB2-positive tumour cell progression, impairing tumour onset and growth in the NeuT mouse model, and counteracting epithelial mesenchymal transition, resulting in decreased metastasis formation. One major mechanism is the ability of p140Cap to interfere with ERBB2-dependent activation of Rac GTPase-controlled circuitries. Our findings point to a specific role of p140Cap in curbing the aggressiveness of ERBB2-amplified breast cancers and suggest that, due to its ability to impinge on specific molecular pathways, p140Cap may represent a predictive biomarker of response to targeted anti-ERBB2 therapies. p140Cap adaptor proteins interfere with adhesion and growth factor-dependent signalling in cancer cells but the mechanisms are unclear. Here the authors show that p140Cap interferes with ERBB2-dependent activation of Rac GTPase-controlled circuitries reducing metastasis and cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Grasso
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Jennifer Chapelle
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Salemme
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Aramu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Isabella Russo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Vitale
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Katiuscia Dallaglio
- Research Infrastructure, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Augusto Amici
- Department of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Giorgia Centonze
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Serena Lunardi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Cabodi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessia Lamolinara
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSi-Met), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stramucci
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSi-Met), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Enrico Moiso
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Provero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Adriana Albini
- Scientific and Technology Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Sapino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Johan Staaf
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, 20100 Milan, Italy.,IFOM, The FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology Foundation, 20100 Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bertalot
- Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pece
- Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, 20100 Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Tosoni
- Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Confalonieri
- Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, 20100 Milan, Italy.,IFOM, The FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology Foundation, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Iezzi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSi-Met), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Di Stefano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Emilia Turco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Defilippi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
p130Cas scaffold protein regulates ErbB2 stability by altering breast cancer cell sensitivity to autophagy. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4442-53. [PMID: 26716506 PMCID: PMC4826217 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the ErbB2/HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase occurs in up to 20% of human breast cancers and correlates with aggressive disease. Several efficacious targeted therapies, including antibodies and kinase inhibitors, have been developed but the occurring of resistance to these agents is often observed. New therapeutic agents targeting the endocytic recycling and intracellular trafficking of membrane in tumor cells overexpressing ErbB2 are actually in clinical development. Nevertheless the mechanisms underlying ErbB2 downregulation are still obscure. We have previously demonstrated that the overexpression of the p130Cas adaptor protein in ErbB2 positive breast cancer, promotes tumor aggressiveness and progression. Here we demonstrate that lowering p130Cas expression in breast cancer cells is sufficient to induce ErbB2 degradation by autophagy. Conversely, p130Cas overexpression protects ErbB2 from degradation by autophagy. Furthermore, this autophagy-dependent preferential degradation of ErbB2 in absence of p130Cas is due to an increased ErbB2 ubiquitination. Indeed, the overexpression of p130Cas impairs ErbB2 ubiquitination by inhibiting the binding of Cbl and CHIP E3 ligases to ErbB2. Finally, our results indicate that p130Cas-dependent ErbB2 protection from degradation by autophagy may alter the sensitivity to the humanized monoclonal antibody trastuzumab. Consistently, in human ErbB2 positive breast cancers that develop resistance to trastuzumab, p130Cas expression is significantly increased suggesting that elevated levels of p130Cas can be involved in trastuzumab resistance.
Collapse
|
11
|
A truncated phosphorylated p130Cas substrate domain is sufficient to drive breast cancer growth and metastasis formation in vivo. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10665-73. [PMID: 26867768 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated p130Cas (Crk-associated substrate) levels are found in aggressive breast tumors and are associated with poor prognosis and resistance to standard therapeutics in patients. p130Cas signals majorly through its phosphorylated substrate domain (SD) that contains 15 tyrosine motifs (YxxP) which recruit effector molecules. Tyrosine phosphorylation of p130Cas is important for mediating migration, invasion, tumor promotion, and metastasis. We previously developed a Src*/SD fusion molecule approach, where the SD is constitutively phosphorylated. In a polyoma middle T-antigen (PyMT)/Src*/SD double-transgenic mouse model, Src*/SD accelerates PyMT-induced tumor growth and promotes a more aggressive phenotype. To test whether Src*/SD also drives metastasis and which of the YxxP motifs are involved in this process, full-length and truncated SD molecules fused to Src* were expressed in breast cancer cells. The functionality of the Src*/SD fragments was analyzed in vitro, and the active proteins were tested in vivo in an orthotopic mouse model. Breast cancer cells expressing the full-length SD and the functional smaller SD fragment (spanning SD motifs 6-10) were injected into the mammary fat pads of mice. The tumor progression was monitored by bioluminescence imaging and caliper measurements. Compared with control animals, the complete SD promoted primary tumor growth and an earlier onset of metastases. Importantly, both the complete and truncated SD significantly increased the occurrence of metastases to multiple organs. These studies provide strong evidence that the phosphorylated p130Cas SD motifs 6-10 (Y236, Y249, Y267, Y287, and Y306) are important for driving mammary carcinoma progression.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chang JTH, Lee YM, Huang RS. The impact of the Cancer Genome Atlas on lung cancer. Transl Res 2015; 166:568-85. [PMID: 26318634 PMCID: PMC4656061 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has profiled more than 10,000 samples derived from 33 types of cancer to date, with the goal of improving our understanding of the molecular basis of cancer and advancing our ability to diagnose, treat, and prevent cancer. This review focuses on lung cancer as it is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide in both men and women. Particularly, non-small cell lung cancers (including lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma) were evaluated. Our goal was to demonstrate the impact of TCGA on lung cancer research under 4 themes: diagnostic markers, disease progression markers, novel therapeutic targets, and novel tools. Examples are given related to DNA mutation, copy number variation, messenger RNA, and microRNA expression along with methylation profiling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy T-H Chang
- Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Yee Ming Lee
- Center for Personalized Therapeutics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Transcriptomic characterization of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E5916-25. [PMID: 26489647 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1424894112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLHCC) tumors all carry a deletion of ∼ 400 kb in chromosome 19, resulting in a fusion of the genes for the heat shock protein, DNAJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 1, DNAJB1, and the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A, PRKACA. The resulting chimeric transcript produces a fusion protein that retains kinase activity. No other recurrent genomic alterations have been identified. Here we characterize the molecular pathogenesis of FLHCC with transcriptome sequencing (RNA sequencing). Differential expression (tumor vs. adjacent normal tissue) was detected for more than 3,500 genes (log2 fold change ≥ 1, false discovery rate ≤ 0.01), many of which were distinct from those found in hepatocellular carcinoma. Expression of several known oncogenes, such as ErbB2 and Aurora Kinase A, was increased in tumor samples. These and other dysregulated genes may serve as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
|
14
|
Peng M, Ball-Kell SM, Tyner AL. Protein tyrosine kinase 6 promotes ERBB2-induced mammary gland tumorigenesis in the mouse. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1848. [PMID: 26247733 PMCID: PMC4558503 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6) expression, activation, and amplification of the PTK6 gene have been reported in ERBB2/HER2-positive mammary gland cancers. To explore contributions of PTK6 to mammary gland tumorigenesis promoted by activated ERBB2, we crossed Ptk6−/− mice with the mouse mammary tumor virus-ERBB2 transgenic mouse line expressing activated ERBB2 and characterized tumor development and progression. ERBB2-induced tumorigenesis was significantly delayed and diminished in mice lacking PTK6. PTK6 expression was induced in the mammary glands of ERBB2 transgenic mice before tumor development and correlated with activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and increased proliferation. Disruption of PTK6 impaired STAT3 activation and proliferation. Phosphorylation of the PTK6 substrates focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 1 (BCAR1; p130CAS) was decreased in Ptk6−/− mammary gland tumors. Reduced numbers of metastases were detected in the lungs of Ptk6−/− mice expressing activated ERBB2, compared with wild-type ERBB2 transgenic mice. PTK6 activation was detected at the edges of ERBB2-positive tumors. These data support roles for PTK6 in both ERBB2-induced mammary gland tumor initiation and metastasis, and identify STAT3, FAK, and BCAR1 as physiologically relevant PTK6 substrates in breast cancer. Including PTK6 inhibitors as part of a treatment regimen could have distinct benefits in ERBB2/HER2-positive breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S M Ball-Kell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A L Tyner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
The members of the Cas protein family (p130Cas/BCAR1, Nedd9/HEF1, EFS and CASS4) are scaffold proteins required for the assembly of signal transduction complexes in response to several stimuli, such as growth factors, hormones and extracellular matrix components. Given their ability to integrate and coordinate multiple signalling events, Cas proteins have emerged as crucial players in the control of mammary cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. More importantly, it has been found that alterations of their expression levels result in aberrant signalling cascades, which promote initiation and progression of breast cancer. Based on the increasing data from in vitro, mouse model and clinical studies, in this review we will focus on two Cas proteins, p130Cas/BCAR1 and Nedd9, and their coupled signalling pathways, to examine their role in mammary cell transformation and in the acquirement of invasiveness and drug resistance of breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Tornillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy; European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute and Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Camacho Leal MDP, Sciortino M, Tornillo G, Colombo S, Defilippi P, Cabodi S. p130Cas/BCAR1 scaffold protein in tissue homeostasis and pathogenesis. Gene 2015; 562:1-7. [PMID: 25727852 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BCAR1 (also known as p130Cas/BCAR1) is an adaptor protein that belongs to the CAS family of scaffold proteins. In the past years, increasing evidence has demonstrated the ability of p130Cas/BCAR1 to activate signaling originating from mechanical stimuli, cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion and growth factor stimulation cascades during normal development and disease in various biological models. In this review we will specifically discuss the more recent data on the contribution of p130Cas/BCAR1 in the regulation of tissue homeostasis and its potential implications in pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marianna Sciortino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Giusy Tornillo
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute and Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Shana Colombo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Defilippi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Cabodi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tornillo G, Elia AR, Castellano I, Spadaro M, Bernabei P, Bisaro B, Camacho-Leal MDP, Pincini A, Provero P, Sapino A, Turco E, Defilippi P, Cabodi S. p130Cas alters the differentiation potential of mammary luminal progenitors by deregulating c-Kit activity. Stem Cells 2014; 31:1422-33. [PMID: 23592522 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
It has recently been proposed that defective differentiation of mammary luminal progenitors predisposes to basal-like breast cancer. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved are still unclear. Here, we describe that the adaptor protein p130Cas is a crucial regulator of mouse mammary epithelial cell (MMEC) differentiation. Using a transgenic mouse model, we show that forced p130Cas overexpression in the luminal progenitor cell compartment results in the expansion of luminal cells, which aberrantly display basal cell features and reduced differentiation in response to lactogenic stimuli. Interestingly, MMECs overexpressing p130Cas exhibit hyperactivation of the tyrosine kinase receptor c-Kit. In addition, we demonstrate that the constitutive c-Kit activation alone mimics p130Cas overexpression, whereas c-Kit downregulation is sufficient to re-establish proper differentiation of p130Cas overexpressing cells. Overall, our data indicate that high levels of p130Cas, via abnormal c-Kit activation, promote mammary luminal cell plasticity, thus providing the conditions for the development of basal-like breast cancer. Consistently, p130Cas is overexpressed in human triple-negative breast cancer, further suggesting that p130Cas upregulation may be a priming event for the onset of basal-like breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Tornillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bosch R, Dieguez-Gonzalez R, Moreno MJ, Gallardo A, Novelli S, Espinosa I, Céspedes MV, Pavón MÁ, Briones J, Grañena A, Sierra J, Mangues R, Casanova I. Focal adhesion protein expression in human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Histopathology 2014; 65:119-31. [PMID: 24467224 DOI: 10.1111/his.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Focal adhesions have been associated with poor prognosis in multiple cancer types, but their prognostic value in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression patterns and the prognostic value of the focal adhesion proteins FAK, Pyk2, p130Cas and HEF1 in DLBCL. METHODS AND RESULTS Focal adhesion protein expression was examined using immunohistochemistry in normal lymphoid tissues and in 60 DLBCL patient samples. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analysis were performed to evaluate the correlation of focal adhesion protein expression with patient prognosis. FAK, Pyk2, p130Cas and HEF1 expression was mostly found in the germinal centres of normal human lymphoid tissues. When assessed in DLBCL samples, FAK, Pyk2, p130Cas and HEF1 were highly expressed in 45%, 34%, 42% and 45% of the samples, respectively. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that decreased FAK expression was a significant independent predictor of poorer disease outcome. CONCLUSIONS FAK expression is an independent prognostic factor in DLBCL. Our results suggest that the addition of FAK immunostaining to the current immunohistochemical algorithms may facilitate risk stratification of DLBCL patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Bosch
- Grup d'Oncogènesi i Antitumorals, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wallez Y, Riedl SJ, Pasquale EB. Association of the breast cancer antiestrogen resistance protein 1 (BCAR1) and BCAR3 scaffolding proteins in cell signaling and antiestrogen resistance. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:10431-10444. [PMID: 24584939 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.541839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Most breast cancers are estrogen receptor-positive and treated with antiestrogens, but aberrant signaling networks can induce drug resistance. One of these networks involves the scaffolding protein BCAR1/p130CAS, which regulates cell growth and migration/invasion. A less investigated scaffolding protein that also confers antiestrogen resistance is the SH2 domain-containing protein BCAR3. BCAR1 and BCAR3 bind tightly to each other through their C-terminal domains, thus potentially connecting their associated signaling networks. However, recent studies using BCAR1 and BCAR3 interaction mutants concluded that association between the two proteins is not critical for many of their interrelated activities regulating breast cancer malignancy. We report that these previously used BCAR mutations fail to cause adequate loss-of-function of the complex. By using structure-based BCAR1 and BCAR3 mutants that lack the ability to interact, we show that BCAR3-induced antiestrogen resistance in MCF7 breast cancer cells critically depends on its ability to bind BCAR1. Interaction with BCAR3 increases the levels of phosphorylated BCAR1, ultimately potentiating BCAR1-dependent antiestrogen resistance. Furthermore, antiestrogen resistance in cells overexpressing BCAR1/BCAR3 correlates with increased ERK1/2 activity. Inhibiting ERK1/2 through overexpression of the regulatory protein PEA15 negates the resistance, revealing a key role for ERK1/2 in BCAR1/BCAR3-induced antiestrogen resistance. Reverse-phase protein array data show that PEA15 levels in invasive breast cancers correlate with patient survival, suggesting that PEA15 can override ERK1/2 activation by BCAR1/BCAR3 and other upstream regulators. We further uncovered that the BCAR3-related NSP3 can also promote antiestrogen resistance. Thus, strategies to disrupt BCAR1-BCAR3/NSP3 complexes and associated signaling networks could ultimately lead to new breast cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Wallez
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Stefan J Riedl
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Elena B Pasquale
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego California 92093.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gocek E, Moulas AN, Studzinski GP. Non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases signaling pathways in normal and cancer cells. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2014; 51:125-37. [PMID: 24446827 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2013.874403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are enzymes that transfer phosphate groups to tyrosine residues on protein substrates. Phosphorylation of proteins causes changes in their function and/or enzymatic activity resulting in specific biological responses. There are two classes of PTKs: the transmembrane receptor PTKs and the cytoplasmic non-receptor PTKs (NRTKs). NRTKs are involved in transduction of signals originating from extracellular clues, which often interact with transmembrane receptors. Thus, they are important components of signaling pathways which regulate fundamental cellular functions such as cell differentiation, apoptosis, survival, and proliferation. The activity of NRTKs is tightly regulated, and de-regulation and/or overexpression of NRTKs has been implicated in malignant transformation and carcinogenesis. Research on NRTKs has shed light on the mechanisms of a number of cellular processes including those involved in carcinogenesis. Not surprisingly, several tyrosine kinase inhibitors are in use as treatment for a number of malignancies, and more are under investigation. This review deals with the structure, function, and signaling pathways of nine main families of NRTKs in normal and cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Gocek
- Department of Protein Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Deng B, Sun Z, Jason W, Yang P. Increased BCAR1 predicts poor outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer in multiple-center patients. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 20 Suppl 3:S701-8. [PMID: 23904007 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to determine the prognostic value of BCAR1 expression and its associations with clinical-demographical characteristics in multiple centers of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. METHODS Gene expression microarray (mRNA) of 77 adenocarcinomas from Mayo Clinic, RNA-sequencing of 508 NSCLC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and immunohistochemistry stain of BCAR1-protein expression in 150 cases from Daping Hospital were included in the study. The association of mRNA or protein expression with patient clinical characteristics and overall survival was assessed in each dataset. We also predicted microRNAs (miRNA) that target BCAR1 using bioinformatics prediction tools and evaluated miRNA expression patterns with BCAR1 expression in miRNA-sequencing data of 74 lung cancer cases from TCGA dataset. RESULTS In the Mayo Clinic dataset, a higher BCAR1-mRNA level correlated significantly with more advanced tumor-stage and lymphatic metastasis. Similar changes were observed in the TCGA RNA-seq dataset. Additionally, higher BCAR1-mRNA levels predicted poorer survival in adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma from the TCGA dataset. The protein levels in the adenocarcinoma cases with lymphatic metastasis were significantly higher than of those without metastasis. Tumor tissues demonstrated remarkably higher levels of protein compared with matched normal tissues although there was no significant difference in BCAR1-mRNA expression between tumor and matched normal tissues was detected. In miRNAs that were downregulated in the tumors, Let-7f-2 and miR-22 differed the most (P < 0.001 and P = 0.007, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that increased BCAR1 expression predicts poorer prognosis in NSCLC. We postulate that mRNA-protein decoupling of BCAR1 may be a result of reduced inhibition of specific miRNAs in tumor tissues, which warrants further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Deng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pincini A, Tornillo G, Orso F, Sciortino M, Bisaro B, Leal MDPC, Lembo A, Brizzi MF, Turco E, De Pittà C, Provero P, Medico E, Defilippi P, Taverna D, Cabodi S. Identification of p130Cas/ErbB2-dependent invasive signatures in transformed mammary epithelial cells. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:2409-22. [PMID: 23839042 DOI: 10.4161/cc.25415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding transcriptional changes during cancer progression is of crucial importance to develop new and more efficacious diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. It is well known that ErbB2 is overexpressed in about 25% of human invasive breast cancers. We have previously demonstrated that p130Cas overexpression synergizes with ErbB2 in mammary cell transformation and promotes ErbB2-dependent invasion in three-dimensional (3D) cultures of human mammary epithelial cells. Here, by comparing coding and non-coding gene expression profiles, we define the invasive signatures associated with concomitant p130Cas overexpression and ErbB2 activation in 3D cultures of mammary epithelial cells. Specifically, we have found that genes involved in amino acids synthesis (CBS, PHGDH), cell motility, migration (ITPKA, PRDM1), and angiogenesis (HEY1) are upregulated, while genes involved in inflammatory response (SAA1, S100A7) are downregulated. In parallel, we have shown that the expression of specific miRNAs is altered. Among these, miR-200b, miR-222, miR-221, miR-R210, and miR-424 are upregulated, while miR-27a, miR-27b, and miR-23b are downregulated. Overall, this study presents, for the first time, the gene expression changes underlying the invasive behavior following p130Cas overexpression in an ErbB2 transformed mammary cell model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pincini
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC); Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; University of Torino; Torino, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ward JD, Dhanasekaran DN. LPA Stimulates the Phosphorylation of p130Cas via Gαi2 in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Genes Cancer 2013; 3:578-91. [PMID: 23486563 DOI: 10.1177/1947601913475360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most deadly gynecological cancer, with previous studies implicating lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in the progression of approximately 90% of all ovarian cancers. LPA potently stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of p130Cas, a scaffolding protein, which, upon phosphorylation, recruits an array of signaling molecules to promote tumor cell migration. Our work presented here identifies Gαi2 as the major G protein involved in tyrosine phosphorylation of p130Cas in a panel of ovarian cancer cells consisting of HeyA8, SKOV3, and OVCA429. Our results also indicate that the G12 family of G proteins that are also involved in LPA-mediated migration inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of p130Cas. Using p130Cas siRNA, we demonstrate that p130Cas is a necessary downstream component of LPA Gαi2-induced migration and collagen-1 invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Considering the fact that LPA stimulates invasive migration through the coordination of multiple downstream signaling pathways, our current study identifies a separate unique signaling node involving p130Cas and Gαi2 in mediating LPA-mediated invasive migration of ovarian cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Ward
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA ; Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Northey JJ, Dong Z, Ngan E, Kaplan A, Hardy WR, Pawson T, Siegel PM. Distinct phosphotyrosine-dependent functions of the ShcA adaptor protein are required for transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-induced breast cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:5210-22. [PMID: 23277357 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.424804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The ErbB2 and TGFβ signaling pathways cooperate to promote the migratory, invasive, and metastatic behavior of breast cancer cells. We previously demonstrated that ShcA is necessary for these synergistic interactions. Through a structure/function approach, we now show that the phosphotyrosine-binding, but not the Src homology 2, domain of ShcA is required for TGFβ-induced migration and invasion of ErbB2-expressing breast cancer cells. We further demonstrate that the tyrosine phosphorylation sites within ShcA (Tyr(239)/Tyr(240) and Tyr(313)) transduce distinct and non-redundant signals that promote these TGFβ-mediated effects. We demonstrate that Grb2 is required specifically downstream of Tyr(313), whereas the Tyr(239)/Tyr(240) phosphorylation sites require the Crk adaptor proteins to augment TGFβ-induced migration and invasion. Furthermore, ShcA Tyr(313) phosphorylation enhances tumor cell survival, and ShcA Tyr(239)/Tyr(240) signaling promotes endothelial cell recruitment into ErbB2-expressing breast tumors in vivo, whereas all three ShcA tyrosine residues are required for efficient breast cancer metastasis to the lungs. Our data uncover a novel ShcA-dependent signaling axis downstream of TGFβ and ErbB2 that requires both the Grb2 and Crk adaptor proteins to increase the migratory and invasive properties of breast cancer cells. In addition, signaling downstream of specific ShcA tyrosine residues facilitates the survival, vascularization, and metastatic spread of breast tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Northey
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Barrett A, Pellet-Many C, Zachary IC, Evans IM, Frankel P. p130Cas: a key signalling node in health and disease. Cell Signal 2012; 25:766-77. [PMID: 23277200 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
p130Cas/breast cancer anti-oestrogen resistance 1 (BCAR1) is a member of the Cas (Crk-associated substrate) family of adaptor proteins, which have emerged as key signalling nodes capable of interactions with multiple proteins, with important regulatory roles in normal and pathological cell function. The Cas family of proteins is characterised by the presence of multiple conserved motifs for protein-protein interactions, and by extensive tyrosine and serine phosphorylations. Recent studies show that p130Cas contributes to migration, cell cycle control and apoptosis. p130Cas is essential during early embryogenesis, with a critical role in cardiovascular development. Furthermore, p130Cas has been reported to be involved in the development and progression of several human cancers. p130Cas is able to perform roles in multiple processes due to its capacity to regulate a diverse array of signalling pathways, transducing signals from growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, non-receptor tyrosine kinases, and integrins. In this review we summarise the current understanding of the structure, function, and regulation of p130Cas, and discuss the importance of p130Cas in both physiological and pathophysiological settings, with a focus on the cardiovascular system and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Barrett
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wallez Y, Mace PD, Pasquale EB, Riedl SJ. NSP-CAS Protein Complexes: Emerging Signaling Modules in Cancer. Genes Cancer 2012; 3:382-93. [PMID: 23226576 DOI: 10.1177/1947601912460050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The CAS (CRK-associated substrate) family of adaptor proteins comprises 4 members, which share a conserved modular domain structure that enables multiple protein-protein interactions, leading to the assembly of intracellular signaling platforms. Besides their physiological role in signal transduction downstream of a variety of cell surface receptors, CAS proteins are also critical for oncogenic transformation and cancer cell malignancy through associations with a variety of regulatory proteins and downstream effectors. Among the regulatory partners, the 3 recently identified adaptor proteins constituting the NSP (novel SH2-containing protein) family avidly bind to the conserved carboxy-terminal focal adhesion-targeting (FAT) domain of CAS proteins. NSP proteins use an anomalous nucleotide exchange factor domain that lacks catalytic activity to form NSP-CAS signaling modules. Additionally, the NSP SH2 domain can link NSP-CAS signaling assemblies to tyrosine-phosphorylated cell surface receptors. NSP proteins can potentiate CAS function by affecting key CAS attributes such as expression levels, phosphorylation state, and subcellular localization, leading to effects on cell adhesion, migration, and invasion as well as cell growth. The consequences of these activities are well exemplified by the role that members of both families play in promoting breast cancer cell invasiveness and resistance to antiestrogens. In this review, we discuss the intriguing interplay between the NSP and CAS families, with a particular focus on cancer signaling networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Wallez
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Camacho Leal MDP, Pincini A, Tornillo G, Fiorito E, Bisaro B, Di Luca E, Turco E, Defilippi P, Cabodi S. p130Cas over-expression impairs mammary branching morphogenesis in response to estrogen and EGF. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49817. [PMID: 23239970 PMCID: PMC3519769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
p130Cas adaptor protein regulates basic processes such as cell cycle control, survival and migration. p130Cas over-expression has been related to mammary gland transformation, however the in vivo consequences of p130Cas over-expression during mammary gland morphogenesis are not known. In ex vivo mammary explants from MMTV-p130Cas transgenic mice, we show that p130Cas impairs the functional interplay between Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Estrogen Receptor (ER) during mammary gland development. Indeed, we demonstrate that p130Cas over-expression upon the concomitant stimulation with EGF and estrogen (E2) severely impairs mammary morphogenesis giving rise to enlarged multicellular spherical structures with altered architecture and absence of the central lumen. These filled acinar structures are characterized by increased cell survival and proliferation and by a strong activation of Erk1/2 MAPKs and Akt. Interestingly, antagonizing the ER activity is sufficient to re-establish branching morphogenesis and normal Erk1/2 MAPK activity. Overall, these results indicate that high levels of p130Cas expression profoundly affect mammary morphogenesis by altering epithelial architecture, survival and unbalancing Erk1/2 MAPKs activation in response to growth factors and hormones. These results suggest that alteration of morphogenetic pathways due to p130Cas over-expression might prime mammary epithelium to tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria del Pilar Camacho Leal
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pincini
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giusy Tornillo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Fiorito
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brigitte Bisaro
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Di Luca
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emilia Turco
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Defilippi
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Cabodi
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bisaro B, Montani M, Konstantinidou G, Marchini C, Pietrella L, Iezzi M, Galiè M, Orso F, Camporeale A, Colombo SM, Di Stefano P, Tornillo G, Camacho-Leal MP, Turco E, Taverna D, Cabodi S, Amici A, Defilippi P. p130Cas/Cyclooxygenase-2 axis in the control of mesenchymal plasticity of breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:R137. [PMID: 23098208 PMCID: PMC4053116 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intrinsic plasticity of breast carcinoma cells allows them to undergo a transient and reversible conversion into mesenchymal cells to disseminate into distant organs, where they can re-differentiate to an epithelial-like status to form a cohesive secondary mass. The p130Cas scaffold protein is overexpressed in human ER+ and HER2+ breast cancer where it contributes to cancer progression, invasion and resistance to therapy. However, its role in regulating mesenchymal aggressive breast cancer cells remains to be determined. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular and functional involvement of this adaptor protein in breast cancer cell plasticity. Methods We used silencing strategies and rescue experiments to evaluate phenotypic and biochemical changes from mesenchymal to epithelial traits in breast tumor cell lines. In the mouse A17 cell model previously related to mesenchymal cancer stem cells and basal-like breast cancer, we biochemically dissected the signaling pathways involved and performed functional in vivo tumor growth ability assays. The significance of the signaling platform was assessed in a human setting through the use of specific inhibitors in aggressive MDA-MB-231 subpopulation LM2-4175 cells. To evaluate the clinical relevance of the results, we analyzed publicly available microarray data from the Netherlands Cancer Institute and from the Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center. Results We show that p130Cas silencing induces loss of mesenchymal features, by downregulating Vimentin, Snail, Slug and Twist transcriptional factors, resulting in the acquirement of epithelial-like traits. Mechanistically, p130Cas controls Cyclooxygenase-2 transcriptional expression, which in turn contributes to p130Cas-dependent maintenance of mesenchymal phenotype. This cascade of events also compromises in vivo tumor growth through inhibition of cell signaling controlling cell cycle progression. c-Src and JNK kinases are sequential players in p130Cas/ Cyclooxygenase-2 axis and their pharmacological inhibition is sufficient to downregulate Cyclooxygenase-2 leading to an epithelial phenotype. Finally, in silico microarray data analysis indicates that p130Cas and Cyclooxygenase-2 concomitant overexpression predicts poor survival and high probability of breast tumor recurrence. Conclusions Overall, these data identify a new p130Cas/Cyclooxygenase-2 axis as a crucial element in the control of breast tumor plasticity, opening new therapeutic strategies leading to inhibition of these pathways in aggressive breast carcinoma.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The critical role of migration and invasion in cancer metastasis warrants new therapeutic approaches targeting the machinery regulating cell migration and invasion. While 2-dimensional (2D) models have helped identify a range of adhesion molecules, cytoskeletal components and regulators that are potentially important for cell migration, the use of models that better mimic the 3-dimensional (3D) environment has yielded new insights into the physiology of cell movement. For example, studying cells in 3D models has revealed that invading cancer cells may switch between heterogeneous invasion modes and thus evade pharmacological inhibition of invasion. Here we summarize published data in which the role of cell adhesion molecules in 2D vs. 3D migration have been directly compared and discuss mechanisms that regulate migration speed and persistence in 2D and 3D. Finally we discuss limits of 3D culture models to recapitulate the in vivo situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peta Bradbury
- Children's Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tu L, De Man FS, Girerd B, Huertas A, Chaumais MC, Lecerf F, François C, Perros F, Dorfmüller P, Fadel E, Montani D, Eddahibi S, Humbert M, Guignabert C. A critical role for p130Cas in the progression of pulmonary hypertension in humans and rodents. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 186:666-76. [PMID: 22798315 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201202-0309oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and fatal disease characterized by pulmonary arterial muscularization due to excessive pulmonary vascular cell proliferation and migration, a phenotype dependent upon growth factors and activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). p130(Cas) is an adaptor protein involved in several cellular signaling pathways that control cell migration, proliferation, and survival. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that in experimental and human PAH p130(Cas) signaling is overactivated, thereby facilitating the intracellular transmission of signal induced by fibroblast growth factor (FGF)2, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In patients with PAH, levels of p130(Cas) protein and/or activity are higher in the serum, in the walls of distal pulmonary arteries, in cultured smooth muscle cells (PA-SMCs), and in pulmonary endothelial cells (P-ECs) than in control subjects. These abnormalities in the p130(Cas) signaling were also found in the chronically hypoxic mice and monocrotaline-injected rats as models of human PAH. We obtained evidence for the convergence and amplification of the growth-stimulating effect of the EGF-, FGF2-, and PDGF-signaling pathways via the p130(Cas) signaling pathway. We found that daily treatment with the EGF-R inhibitor gefitinib, the FGF-R inhibitor dovitinib, and the PDGF-R inhibitor imatinib started 2 weeks after a subcutaneous monocrotaline injection substantially attenuated the abnormal increase in p130(Cas) and ERK1/2 activation and regressed established pulmonary hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that p130(Cas) signaling plays a critical role in experimental and idiopathic PAH by modulating pulmonary vascular cell migration and proliferation and by acting as an amplifier of RTK downstream signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ly Tu
- INSERM UMR 999, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, 133 Avenue de la Resistance, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Anchorage-independent growth is the most significant hallmark of cell transformation, which has an intimate relevance to cancer. Anchorage or adhesion physically links cells to the extracellular matrix and allows the transmission of external mechanical cues to intracellular signaling machineries. Transformation involves acquiring the ability to proliferate without requiring mechanically initiated signal transduction, known as mechanotransduction. A number of signaling and cytoskeletal molecules are located at focal adhesions. Src and its related proteins, including p130Cas, localize to adhesion sites, where their functions can be mechanically regulated. In addition, the aberrant activation and expression of Src and p130Cas are linked to transformation and malignancy both in vitro and in vivo. These findings shed light on the importance of mechanotransduction in tumorigenesis and the regulation of cancer progression and also provide insights into the mechanical aspects of cancer signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Matsui
- Laboratory for Mechanical Medicine, Locomotive Syndrome Research Institute, Nadogaya Hospital, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Ichiro Harada
- Laboratory for Mechanical Medicine, Locomotive Syndrome Research Institute, Nadogaya Hospital, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sawada
- Laboratory for Mechanical Medicine, Locomotive Syndrome Research Institute, Nadogaya Hospital, Kashiwa, Japan
- Mechanobiology Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lahlou H, Sanguin-Gendreau V, Frame MC, Muller WJ. Focal adhesion kinase contributes to proliferative potential of ErbB2 mammary tumour cells but is dispensable for ErbB2 mammary tumour induction in vivo. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:R36. [PMID: 22373082 PMCID: PMC3496154 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is hypothesized to play an important role in the pathogenesis of human breast cancer. Methods To directly evaluate the role of FAK in mammary tumour progression, we have used a conditional FAK mouse model and mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV)-driven Cre recombinase strain to inactivate FAK in the mammary epithelium of a transgenic mouse model of ErbB2 breast cancer. Results Although mammary epithelial disruption of FAK in this model resulted in both a delay in onset and a decrease in the number of neoplastic lesions, mammary tumours occurred in 100% of virgin female mice. All of the tumours and derived metastases that developed were proficient for FAK due to the absence of Cre recombinase expression. The hyperplastic epithelia where Cre-mediated recombination of FAK could be detected exhibited a profound proliferative defect. Consistent with these observations, disruption of FAK in established tumour cells resulted in reduced tumour growth that was associated with impaired proliferation. To avoid the selection for FAK-proficient ErbB2 tumour epithelia through escape of Cre-mediated recombination, we next intercrossed the FAK conditional mice with a separate MMTV-driven ErbB2 strain that co-expressed ErbB2 and Cre recombinase on the same transcriptional unit. Conclusions While a delay in tumour induction was noted, FAK-deficient tumours arose in 100% of female animals indicating that FAK is dispensable for ErbB2 tumour initiation. In addition, the FAK-null ErbB2 tumours retained their metastatic potential. We further demonstrated that the FAK-related Pyk2 kinase is still expressed in these tumours and is associated with its downstream regulator p130Cas. These observations indicate that Pyk2 can functionally substitute for FAK in ErbB2 mammary tumour progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Lahlou
- Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Ave, west, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kelber JA, Klemke RL. PEAK1, a novel kinase target in the fight against cancer. Oncotarget 2011; 1:219-23. [PMID: 21301050 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Kelber
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Palmer TD, Ashby WJ, Lewis JD, Zijlstra A. Targeting tumor cell motility to prevent metastasis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:568-81. [PMID: 21664937 PMCID: PMC3132821 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mortality and morbidity in patients with solid tumors invariably result from the disruption of normal biological function caused by disseminating tumor cells. Tumor cell migration is under intense investigation as the underlying cause of cancer metastasis. The need for tumor cell motility in the progression of metastasis has been established experimentally and is supported empirically by basic and clinical research implicating a large collection of migration-related genes. However, there are few clinical interventions designed to specifically target the motility of tumor cells and adjuvant therapy to specifically prevent cancer cell dissemination is severely limited. In an attempt to define motility targets suitable for treating metastasis, we have parsed the molecular determinants of tumor cell motility into five underlying principles including cell autonomous ability, soluble communication, cell-cell adhesion, cell-matrix adhesion, and integrating these determinants of migration on molecular scaffolds. The current challenge is to implement meaningful and sustainable inhibition of metastasis by developing clinically viable disruption of molecular targets that control these fundamental capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trenis D. Palmer
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University, C2104A Medical Center North 1161 21 Ave. S., Nashville TN, 37232
| | - William J. Ashby
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University, C2104A Medical Center North 1161 21 Ave. S., Nashville TN, 37232
| | - John D. Lewis
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Science Centre, A4-823 790 Commissioners Rd E London ON, N6A 4L6
| | - Andries Zijlstra
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University, C2104A Medical Center North 1161 21 Ave. S., Nashville TN, 37232
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
NEDD9 and BCAR1 negatively regulate E-cadherin membrane localization, and promote E-cadherin degradation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22102. [PMID: 21765937 PMCID: PMC3134485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cas scaffolding proteins (NEDD9/HEF1/CAS-L, BCAR1/p130Cas, EFSSIN, and HEPL/CASS4) regulate cell migration, division and survival, and are often deregulated in cancer. High BCAR1 expression is linked to poor prognosis in breast cancer patients, while upregulation of NEDD9 contributes to the metastatic behavior of melanoma and glioblastoma cells. Our recent work knocking out the single Drosophila Cas protein, Dcas, identified a genetic interaction with E-cadherin. As E-cadherin is often downregulated during epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) prior to metastasis, if such an activity was conserved in mammals it might partially explain how Cas proteins promote aggressive tumor behavior. We here establish that Cas proteins negatively regulate E-cadherin expression in human mammary cells. Cas proteins do not affect E-cadherin transcription, but rather, BCAR1 and NEDD9 signal through SRC to promote E-cadherin removal from the cell membrane and lysosomal degradation. We also find mammary tumors arising in MMTV-polyoma virus T-antigen mice have enhanced junctional E-cadherin in a Nedd9−/− background. Cumulatively, these results suggest a new role for Cas proteins in cell-cell adhesion signaling in cancer.
Collapse
|
36
|
Parvani JG, Taylor MA, Schiemann WP. Noncanonical TGF-β signaling during mammary tumorigenesis. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2011; 16:127-46. [PMID: 21448580 PMCID: PMC3723114 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-011-9207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease comprised of at least five major tumor subtypes that coalesce as the second leading cause of cancer death in women in the United States. Although metastasis clearly represents the most lethal characteristic of breast cancer, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern this event remains inadequate. Clinically, ~30% of breast cancer patients diagnosed with early-stage disease undergo metastatic progression, an event that (a) severely limits treatment options, (b) typically results in chemoresistance and low response rates, and (c) greatly contributes to aggressive relapses and dismal survival rates. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates all phases of postnatal mammary gland development, including branching morphogenesis, lactation, and involution. TGF-β also plays a prominent role in suppressing mammary tumorigenesis by preventing mammary epithelial cell (MEC) proliferation, or by inducing MEC apoptosis. Genetic and epigenetic events that transpire during mammary tumorigenesis conspire to circumvent the tumor suppressing activities of TGF-β, thereby permitting late-stage breast cancer cells to acquire invasive and metastatic phenotypes in response to TGF-β. Metastatic progression stimulated by TGF-β also relies on its ability to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the expansion of chemoresistant breast cancer stem cells. Precisely how this metamorphosis in TGF-β function comes about remains incompletely understood; however, recent findings indicate that the initiation of oncogenic TGF-β activity is contingent upon imbalances between its canonical and noncanonical signaling systems. Here we review the molecular and cellular contributions of noncanonical TGF-β effectors to mammary tumorigenesis and metastatic progression.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Disease Progression
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
- Female
- Humans
- Mammary Glands, Animal/growth & development
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Glands, Human/growth & development
- Mammary Glands, Human/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Human/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny G Parvani
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cabodi S, del Pilar Camacho-Leal M, Di Stefano P, Defilippi P. Integrin signalling adaptors: not only figurants in the cancer story. Nat Rev Cancer 2010; 10:858-70. [PMID: 21102636 DOI: 10.1038/nrc2967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence highlights the ability of adaptor (or scaffold) proteins to create signalling platforms that drive cellular transformation upon integrin-dependent adhesion and growth factor receptor activation. The understanding of the biological effects that are regulated by these adaptors in tumours might be crucial for the identification of new targets and the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for human cancer. In this Review we discuss the relevance of adaptor proteins in signalling that originates from integrin-mediated cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion and growth factor stimulation in the context of cell transformation and tumour progression. We specifically underline the contribution of p130 Crk-associated substrate (p130CAS; also known as BCAR1), neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 9 (NEDD9; also known as HEF1), CRK and the integrin-linked kinase (ILK)-pinch-parvin (IPP) complex to cancer, along with the more recently identified p140 Cas-associated protein (p140CAP; also known as SRCIN1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cabodi
- Molecular Biotechnology Centre and Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tornillo G, Bisaro B, Camacho-Leal MDP, Galiè M, Provero P, Di Stefano P, Turco E, Defilippi P, Cabodi S. p130Cas promotes invasiveness of three-dimensional ErbB2-transformed mammary acinar structures by enhanced activation of mTOR/p70S6K and Rac1. Eur J Cell Biol 2010; 90:237-48. [PMID: 20961652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
ErbB2 over-expression is detected in approximately 25% of invasive breast cancers and is strongly associated with poor patient survival. We have previously demonstrated that p130Cas adaptor is a crucial mediator of ErbB2 transformation. Here, we analysed the molecular mechanisms through which p130Cas controls ErbB2-dependent invasion in three-dimensional cultures of mammary epithelial cells. Concomitant p130Cas over-expression and ErbB2 activation enhance PI3K/Akt and Erk1/2 MAPK signalling pathways and promote invasion of mammary acini. By using pharmacological inhibitors, we demonstrate that both signalling cascades are required for the invasive behaviour of p130Cas over-expressing and ErbB2 activated acini. Erk1/2 MAPK and PI3K/Akt signalling triggers invasion through distinct downstream effectors involving mTOR/p70S6K and Rac1 activation, respectively. Moreover, in silico analyses indicate that p130Cas expression in ErbB2 positive human breast cancers significantly correlates with higher risk to develop distant metastasis, thus underlying the value of the p130Cas/ErbB2 synergism in regulating breast cancer invasion. In conclusion, high levels of p130Cas favour progression of ErbB2-transformed cells towards an invasive phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Tornillo
- Molecular Biology Center, Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|