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Khakwani MMAK, Ji XY, Khattak S, Sun YC, Yao K, Zhang L. Targeting colorectal cancer at the level of nuclear pore complex. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00245-5. [PMID: 38876192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are the architectures entrenched in nuclear envelop of a cell that regulate the nucleo-cytoplasmic transportation of materials, such as proteins and RNAs for proper functioning of a cell. The appropriate localization of proteins and RNAs within the cell is essential for its normal functionality. For such a complex transportation of materials across the NPC, around 60 proteins are involved comprising nucleoporins, karyopherins and RAN system proteins that play a vital role in NPC's structure formation, cargo translocation across NPC, and cargoes' rapid directed transportation respectively. In various cancers, the structure and function of NPC is often exaggerated, following altered expressions of its nucleoporins and karyopherins, affecting other proteins of associated signaling pathways. Some inhibitors of karyopherins at present, have potential to regulate the altered level/expression of these karyopherin molecules. AIM OF REVIEW This review summarizes the data from 1990 to 2023, mainly focusing on recent studies that illustrate the structure and function of NPC, the relationship and mechanisms of nucleoporins and karyopherins with colorectal cancer, as well as therapeutic values, in order to understand the pathology and underlying basis of colorectal cancer associated with NPC. This is the first review to our knowledge elucidating the detailed updated studies targeting colorectal cancer at NPC. The review also aims to target certain karyopherins, Nups and their possible inhibitors and activators molecules as a therapeutic strategy. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW NPC structure provides understanding, how nucleoporins and karyopherins as key molecules are responsible for appropriate nucleocytoplasmic transportation. Many studies provide evidences, describing the role of disrupted nucleoporins and karyopherins not only in CRC but also in other non-hematological and hematological malignancies. At present, some inhibitors of karyopherins have therapeutic potential for CRC, however development of more potent inhibitors may provide more effective therapeutic strategies for CRC in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mahtab Aslam Khan Khakwani
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Department of Oncology, Huaxian County Hospital, Huaxian, Henan Province 456400, China; Faculty of Basic Medical Subjects, Shu-Qing Medical College of Zhengzhou, Gong-Ming Rd, Mazhai Town, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450064, China
| | - Saadullah Khattak
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Ying-Chuan Sun
- Department of Internal Oncology (Section I), Xuchang Municipal Central Hospital, Xuchang, Henan 430000, China
| | - Kunhou Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
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Newell S, van der Watt PJ, Leaner VD. Therapeutic targeting of nuclear export and import receptors in cancer and their potential in combination chemotherapy. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:4-25. [PMID: 37623925 PMCID: PMC10952567 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Systemic modalities are crucial in the management of disseminated malignancies and liquid tumours. However, patient responses and tolerability to treatment are generally poor and those that enter remission often return with refractory disease. Combination therapies provide a methodology to overcome chemoresistance mechanisms and address dose-limiting toxicities. A deeper understanding of tumorigenic processes at the molecular level has brought a targeted therapy approach to the forefront of cancer research, and novel cancer biomarkers are being identified at a rapid rate, with some showing potential therapeutic benefits. The Karyopherin superfamily of proteins is soluble receptors that mediate nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of proteins and RNAs, and recently, nuclear transport receptors have been recognized as novel anticancer targets. Inhibitors against nuclear export have been approved for clinical use against certain cancer types, whereas inhibitors against nuclear import are in preclinical stages of investigation. Mechanistically, targeting nucleocytoplasmic shuttling has shown to abrogate oncogenic signalling and restore tumour suppressor functions through nuclear sequestration of relevant proteins and mRNAs. Hence, nuclear transport inhibitors display broad spectrum anticancer activity and harbour potential to engage in synergistic interactions with a wide array of cytotoxic agents and other targeted agents. This review is focussed on the most researched nuclear transport receptors in the context of cancer, XPO1 and KPNB1, and highlights how inhibitors targeting these receptors can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of standard of care therapies and novel targeted agents in a combination therapy approach. Furthermore, an updated review on the therapeutic targeting of lesser characterized karyopherin proteins is provided and resistance to clinically approved nuclear export inhibitors is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Newell
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Pauline J. van der Watt
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Virna D. Leaner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- UCT/SAMRC Gynaecological Cancer Research CentreUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
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Pacheco RI, Cristo MI, Anjo SI, Silva AF, Sousa MI, Tavares RS, Sousa AP, Almeida Santos T, Moura-Ramos M, Caramelo F, Manadas B, Ramalho-Santos J, Amaral SG. New Insights on Sperm Function in Male Infertility of Unknown Origin: A Multimodal Approach. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1462. [PMID: 37892144 PMCID: PMC10605211 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The global trend of rising (male) infertility is concerning, and the unidentifiable causes in half of the cases, the so-called unknown origin male infertility (UOMI), demands a better understanding and assessment of both external/internal factors and mechanisms potentially involved. In this work, it was our aim to obtain new insight on UOMI, specifically on idiopathic (ID) and Unexplained male infertility (UMI), relying on a detailed evaluation of the male gamete, including functional, metabolic and proteomic aspects. For this purpose, 1114 semen samples, from males in couples seeking infertility treatment, were collected at the Reproductive Medicine Unit from the Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), from July 2018-July 2022. Based on the couples' clinical data, seminal/hormonal analysis, and strict eligibility criteria, samples were categorized in 3 groups, control (CTRL), ID and UMI. Lifestyle factors and anxiety/depression symptoms were assessed via survey. Sperm samples were evaluated functionally, mitochondrially and using proteomics. The results of Assisted Reproduction Techniques were assessed whenever available. According to our results, ID patients presented the worst sperm functional profile, while UMI patients were similar to controls. The proteomic analysis revealed 145 differentially expressed proteins, 8 of which were specifically altered in ID and UMI samples. Acrosin (ACRO) and sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 4 (SACA4) were downregulated in ID patients while laminin subunit beta-2 (LAMB2), mannose 6-phosphate isomerase (MPI), ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase liver type (PFKAL), STAR domain-containing protein 10 (STA10), serotransferrin (TRFE) and exportin-2 (XPO2) were downregulated in UMI patients. Using random forest analysis, SACA4 and LAMB2 were identified as the sperm proteins with a higher chance of distinguishing ID and UMI patients, and their function and expression variation were in accordance with the functional results. No alterations were observed in terms of lifestyle and psychological factors among the 3 groups. These findings obtained in an experimental setting based on 3 well-defined groups of subjects, might help to validate new biomarkers for unknown origin male infertility (ID and UMI) that, in the future, can be used to improve diagnostics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita I. Pacheco
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria I. Cristo
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra I. Anjo
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andreia F. Silva
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês Sousa
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Renata S. Tavares
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Sousa
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Eugin Coimbra, Rua Filipe Hodart 12, 3000-185 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Almeida Santos
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Eugin Coimbra, Rua Filipe Hodart 12, 3000-185 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Moura-Ramos
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Eugin Coimbra, Rua Filipe Hodart 12, 3000-185 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Ramalho-Santos
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Gomes Amaral
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
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Salvi A, Young AN, Huntsman AC, Pergande MR, Korkmaz MA, Rathnayake RA, Mize BK, Kinghorn AD, Zhang X, Ratia K, Schirle M, Thomas JR, Brittain SM, Shelton C, Aldrich LN, Cologna SM, Fuchs JR, Burdette JE. PHY34 inhibits autophagy through V-ATPase V0A2 subunit inhibition and CAS/CSE1L nuclear cargo trafficking in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:45. [PMID: 35013112 PMCID: PMC8748433 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04495-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PHY34 is a synthetic small molecule, inspired by a compound naturally occurring in tropical plants of the Phyllanthus genus. PHY34 was developed to have potent in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity against high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) cells. Mechanistically, PHY34 induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells by late-stage autophagy inhibition. Furthermore, PHY34 significantly reduced tumor burden in a xenograft model of ovarian cancer. In order to identify its molecular target/s, we undertook an unbiased approach utilizing mass spectrometry-based chemoproteomics. Protein targets from the nucleocytoplasmic transport pathway were identified from the pulldown assay with the cellular apoptosis susceptibility (CAS) protein, also known as CSE1L, representing a likely candidate protein. A tumor microarray confirmed data from mRNA expression data in public databases that CAS expression was elevated in HGSOC and correlated with worse clinical outcomes. Overexpression of CAS reduced PHY34 induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells based on PARP cleavage and Annexin V staining. Compounds with a diphyllin structure similar to PHY34 have been shown to inhibit the ATP6V0A2 subunit of V(vacuolar)-ATPase. Therefore, ATP6V0A2 wild-type and ATP6V0A2 V823 mutant cell lines were tested with PHY34, and it was able to induce cell death in the wild-type at 246 pM while the mutant cells were resistant up to 55.46 nM. Overall, our data demonstrate that PHY34 is a promising small molecule for cancer therapy that targets the ATP6V0A2 subunit to induce autophagy inhibition while interacting with CAS and altering nuclear localization of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Salvi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Alexandria N Young
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Andrew C Huntsman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Melissa R Pergande
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Melissa A Korkmaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | | | - Brittney K Mize
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - A Douglas Kinghorn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kiira Ratia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Markus Schirle
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jason R Thomas
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Scott M Brittain
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Claude Shelton
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Leslie N Aldrich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Stephanie M Cologna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - James R Fuchs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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5
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Shen Y, Li H, Zhou M, Tang S, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Chen X. Promoter methylation and expression of the rassf4 gene in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 99:690-694. [PMID: 33880861 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oreochromis niloticus RAS-association domain family 4 (rassf4) was specifically expressed in the ovaries. Immunohistochemistry results showed that Rassf4 was located in follicular cells. The methylation percentages of the promoter region (-734/-1012) of rassf4 in the ovaries and testes were 13.28% and 92.85%, respectively. Deleting the fragment of -734 to -1012 sites significantly reduced the basal activity of the rassf4 promoter to 62.33%, which indicated that this region was important for the transcription of the rassf4 gene. This study lays the foundation for further research on the function of fish rassf4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shoujie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowu Chen
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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CSE1L promotes nuclear accumulation of transcriptional coactivator TAZ and enhances invasiveness of human cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100803. [PMID: 34022224 PMCID: PMC8209642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) (WWTR1) induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and enhances drug resistance in multiple cancers. TAZ has been shown to interact with transcription factors in the nucleus, but when phosphorylated, translocates to the cytoplasm and is degraded through proteasomes. Here, we identified a compound TAZ inhibitor 4 (TI-4) that shifted TAZ localization to the cytoplasm independently of its phosphorylation. We used affinity beads to ascertain a putative target of TI-4, chromosomal segregation 1 like (CSE1L), which is known to be involved in the recycling of importin α and as a biomarker of cancer malignancy. We found that TI-4 suppressed TAZ-mediated transcription in a CSE1L-dependent manner. CSE1L overexpression increased nuclear levels of TAZ, whereas CSE1L silencing delayed its nuclear import. We also found via the in vitro coimmunoprecipitation experiments that TI-4 strengthened the interaction between CSE1L and importin α5 and blocked the binding of importin α5 to TAZ. WWTR1 silencing attenuated CSE1L-promoted colony formation, motility, and invasiveness of human lung cancer and glioblastoma cells. Conversely, CSE1L silencing blocked TAZ-promoted colony formation, motility, and invasiveness in human lung cancer and glioblastoma cells. In human cancer tissues, the expression level of CSE1L was found to correlate with nuclear levels of TAZ. These findings support that CSE1L promotes the nuclear accumulation of TAZ and enhances malignancy in cancer cells.
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Lin HC, Li J, Cheng DD, Zhang X, Yu T, Zhao FY, Geng Q, Zhu MX, Kong HW, Li H, Yao M. Nuclear export protein CSE1L interacts with P65 and promotes NSCLC growth via NF-κB/MAPK pathway. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2021; 21:23-36. [PMID: 33869740 PMCID: PMC8039531 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is characterized with high morbidity and mortality, mainly due to frequent recurrence and metastasis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of NSCLC tumorigenesis are largely unclear. Through data mining in the ONCOMINE and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, the expression of CSE1L (chromosome segregation like 1 protein/CAS), an exportin, was identified to be significantly upregulated in NSCLC and positively associated with poor prognosis of patients. By use of in vitro and in vivo gain- and loss-of-function experiments, we found that CSE1L can promote NSCLC cell proliferation while inhibiting cell apoptosis. Through immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry experiments, we demonstrated that CSE1L interacted with RELA (named as P65) and affected its location in the nucleus. Moreover, we found that one of the mechanisms by which CSE1L promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis is through activating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. In summary, our findings indicated an oncogenic role of CSE1L in NSCLC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Oncology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - D D Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - X Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - T Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - F Y Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Q Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - M X Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - H W Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - H Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - M Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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Ye M, Han R, Shi J, Wang X, Zhao AZ, Li F, Chen H. Cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein (CAS) suppresses the proliferation of breast cancer cells by upregulated cyp24a1. Med Oncol 2020; 37:43. [PMID: 32270348 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-020-01366-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Although several studies demonstrated cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein (CAS) involved in the development of breast cancer, the underlying mechanisms of CAS regulating cell processes in the breast cancer remain elusive. In the present study, we explored the possible mechanism of CAS in contributing to the cell proliferation in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Knockdown of CAS led to the reduction of cell viability and proliferation. Furthermore, cell cycle was arrested in G0/G1 phase after knocking down CAS with the decrease of cyclinD1. In addition, RNA-seq analysis for the CAS knockdown cells demonstrated that total eleven genes were significantly altered (Fold changes > 2). Of note, the expression of cyp24a1 was dramatically increased in the shCAS cells compared to that of shNC cells as well as confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). These observations clarified the previous conflicting results on the cell fates of the breast cells regulated by CAS and provide new insight into the role of CAS in the development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ye
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruigang Han
- Reproductive Medicine Center of The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwu Shi
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xunda Wang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Allan Z Zhao
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanghong Li
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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9
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Chen J, Wu L, Xu H, Cheng S. 5-Aza-CdR Regulates RASSF1A By Inhibiting DNMT1 To Affect Colon Cancer Cell Proliferation, Migration And Apoptosis. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:9517-9528. [PMID: 31807076 PMCID: PMC6850683 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s229726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate 5-Aza-CdR’s inhibited effects on migration, proliferation, and apoptosis in colon cancer cells and its potential mechanisms. Methods HCT-116, SW480, and SW620 were divided into HCT116 group, HCT116+5-Aza-CdR group, SW480 group, SW480+5-Aza-CdR group, SW620 group and SW620+5-Aza according to experimental needs. MTT test was chosen to investigate cell proliferation; Transwell test was used to evaluate cell migration; scratch assay was used to investigate cell invasion; flow cytometry was used to investigate apoptosis; immunofluorescence assay was used to investigate the protein level of DNMT1 and RASSF1A in cells; qRT-PCR was used to examine DNMT1, RASSF1A, RAS, Raf1, MEK, Grb2 and ERK transcription levels. Results Compared with HCT116 group, 5-Aza-CdR+HCT116 group inhibited cell proliferation, increased apoptosis rate, decreased invasive ability, decreased DNMT1 expression, increased expression of RASSF1A, decreased expression of RAS, Raf1, MEK, Grb2 and ERK. SW480 was compared with 5-Aza-CdR+SW480 group and SW620 group with 5-Aza-CdR+SW620 group. Their change trend of detection index was similar to that in HCT-116 group and HCT116+5-Aza-CdR group. Conclusion 5-Aza-CdR can obviously inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of three colon cancer cell lines. Its mechanism maybe relies on the inhibition of DNMT1 mRNA level and protein level and the enhancement of RASSF1A mRNA level and protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiang Wu
- Guangzhou Concord Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510620, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, People's Republic of China
| | - Shubang Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, People's Republic of China
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Jiang K, Neill K, Cowden D, Klapman J, Eschrich S, Pimiento J, Malafa MP, Coppola D. Expression of CAS/CSE1L, the Cellular Apoptosis Susceptibility Protein, Correlates With Neoplastic Progression in Barrett's Esophagus. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 26:552-556. [PMID: 27941559 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying the molecular switch responsible for the neoplastic progression of Barrett's esophagus (BE) and initiation of adenocarcinoma (ADC) is clinically essential and it will have a profound impact on patient diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The cellular apoptosis susceptibility gene CAS/CSE1L is overexpressed in various cancers, including a rare report on esophageal ADC; however, its expression in BE neoplasia has not been addressed. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the expression of the CAS/CSE1L protein immunohistochemically in 56 esophageal resection specimens for ADC arising in BE. For each specimen, a full representative section of the invasive ADC was selected to include, when possible, BE, low-grade dysplasia (LGD) and high-grade dysplasia (HGD). Samples were stained for CAS/CSE1L expression using a rabbit polyclonal antibody recognizing the N-terminus of human CAS/CSE1L. Protein expression levels were measured using the Allred semiquantitative scoring system. The data were evaluated using χ statistical analysis. Gene expression Omnibus was queried for CAS/CSE1L and BE neoplasia. RESULTS We found minimal to absent CAS/CSE1L in all BE tissue samples; however, CAS/CSE1L was upregulated in 60% of LGD and overexpressed in HGD and ADC. The results were statistically significant (P<0.05). The localization of CAS/CSE1L protein was nuclear in BE; it became nuclear and cytoplasmic in LGD and HGD, and predominantly cytoplasmic in ADC. A similar progressive increase was observed for CAS/CSE1L gene expression. CONCLUSION These findings show changes in CAS/CSE1L during BE progression. CAS/CSE1L may represent a potential marker for dysplasia/carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Jiang
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology.,Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | | | | | - Jason Klapman
- Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.,Gastrointestinal Oncology
| | - Steven Eschrich
- Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.,Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute
| | - José Pimiento
- Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.,Gastrointestinal Oncology
| | - Mokenge P Malafa
- Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.,Gastrointestinal Oncology
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology.,Chemical Biology Molecular and Medicine.,Tumor Biology
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11
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Zinatizadeh MR, Momeni SA, Zarandi PK, Chalbatani GM, Dana H, Mirzaei HR, Akbari ME, Miri SR. The Role and Function of Ras-association domain family in Cancer: A Review. Genes Dis 2019; 6:378-384. [PMID: 31832517 PMCID: PMC6889020 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras gene mutation has been observed in more than 30% of cancers, and 90% of pancreatic, lung and colon cancers. Ras proteins (K-Ras, H-Ras, N-Ras) act as molecular switches which are activated by binding to GTP. They play a role in the cascade of cell process control (proliferation and cell division). In the inactive state, transforming GTP to GDP leads to the activation of GTpase in Ras gene. However, the mutation in Ras leads to the loss of internal GTPase activity and permanent activation of the protein. The activated Ras can promote the cell death or stop cell growth, which are facilitated by Ras-association domain family. Various studies have been conducted to determine the importance of losing RASSF proteins in Ras-induced tumors. This paper examines the role of Ras and RASSF proteins. In general, RASSF proteins can be used as a suitable means for targeting a large group of Ras-induced tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Zinatizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Momeni
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Peyman Kheirandish Zarandi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hassan Dana
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Cancer Research Center, Shohadae Tajrish Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Rouhollah Miri
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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12
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The role of CSE1L expression in cervical lymph node metastasis of larynx tumors. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 87:42-46. [PMID: 31383592 PMCID: PMC9422512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction According to international reports, 30–40% of all head and neck cancers are larynx cancers, comprising 1–2.5% of all cancer types. Cervical nodal involvement has been reported to be 40% and 65% in T3 and T4 cases, respectively. Five-year survival in patients with cervical lymph node metastasis has been demonstrated to be 50% lower compared to patients with no metastasis. Chromosome segregation like 1 protein; is a DNA fragment isolated by Brinkmann et al. in 1995 that corresponds to yeast chromosome segregation protein. Studies on the effect of chromosome segregation like 1 protein expression in head and neck tumors are rare and it has been shown that nuclear chromosome segregation like 1 protein is over-expressed in these studies where gastrointestinal and breast tumors over-expressed cytoplasmic chromosome segregation like 1 protein. Objective Chromosome segregation like 1 protein may regulate the proliferation and metastasis of T3–T4 glottic larynx cancer. The aim of this study is to show the relationship between chromosome segregation like 1 protein expression and cervical lymph node metastasis of T3–T4 glottic larynx cancer. Methods A total of 57 male patients who were operated for T3–T4 glottic cancer in a tertiary referral hospital was included in this study. There were 28 patients with cervical lymph node metastasis and 29 patients without lymph node metastasis. Immunohistochemistry was carried out on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival glottic larynx tumour tissue. According to the percentage of immunoreactive cells, chromosome segregation like 1 protein status was analyzed. Results Among the patients, who had no cervical lymph node metastasis, 15 patients showed weak nuclear staining, 12 patients showed moderate nuclear staining and only 2 patients showed high nuclear staining for chromosome segregation like 1 protein. Among the patients who had cervical lymph node metastasis, 18 patients showed high nuclear staining, 9 patients showed moderate staining and only one patient showed weak staining for chromosome segregation like 1 protein. None of the metastatic patients showed cytoplasmic staining and only one patient in the non-metastatic group showed cytoplasmic staining for chromosome segregation like 1 protein. There was a positive correlation between nuclear chromosome segregation like 1 protein expression and cervical lymph node metastasis (r = 0,668) and it was statistically significant (p < 0,001). Conclusion Chromosome segregation like 1 protein expression is correlated with lymph node metastasis in T3–T4 glottic cancers. This may change the approach to cervical node treatment in patients with glottic cancers in future.
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13
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Liu J, Ye M, Han R, Gui Y, Li X, Zhang H, Wang X, Guo H, Li F, Zhao AZ, Guan K, Chen H. Expression of cellular apoptosis susceptibility (CAS) in the human testis and testicular germ cell tumors. Med Oncol 2019; 36:61. [PMID: 31140031 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-019-1281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumors are the most frequent malignancies found in men between 15 and 44 years old. Although cellular apoptosis susceptibility (CAS) was demonstrated to be upregulated in breast cancer and colon cancer, the expression of CAS in the human testis and testicular germ cell tumors remained elusive. In the present study, CAS-positive signals were detected in the normal testicular tissues, cancer adjacent normal testicular tissues, seminoma, yolk sac tumor, and teratoma. Interestingly, the expression level of CAS in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) (but not seminoma) was significantly lower than that of human testicular tissues and cancer adjacent normal testicular tissues, suggesting that decreased CAS contributed to the progression of TGCTs. Notably, the expression of CAS in seminoma was significantly higher than that of in the non-seminomas, consistent with the results from TCGA database. Furthermore, the localization of CAS is mainly restricted in the nucleus in the lesions of normal human testicular tissue and cancer adjacent normal testicular tissue. Although the expression of CAS was not significantly different between normal testicular tissue and seminoma, CAS was more enriched in cytoplasm in seminoma compared to the normal, cancer adjacent tissue and other types of TGCTs. The current results demonstrated reduced expression of CAS in the human testicular germ cell tumors and the CAS translocation from the nuclear to cytoplasm in seminoma, thereby supporting a possible role in normal testis function and in the development of seminoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianni Liu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Second Hospital of ShanXi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Ye
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruigang Han
- Reproductive Medicine Center of The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoting Gui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhang
- Second Hospital of ShanXi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Second Hospital of ShanXi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Guo
- Second Hospital of ShanXi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanghong Li
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Allan Zijian Zhao
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunping Guan
- Second Hospital of ShanXi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Liu C, Wei J, Xu K, Sun X, Zhang H, Xiong C. CSE1L participates in regulating cell mitosis in human seminoma. Cell Prolif 2018; 52:e12549. [PMID: 30485574 PMCID: PMC6496685 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives CSE1L has been reported to be highly expressed in various tumours. Testicular germ cell tumours are common among young males, and seminoma is the major type. However, whether CSE1L has functions in the seminoma is unclear. Materials and methods The expression of CSE1L was detected by immunohistochemistry in seminoma tissues and non‐tumour normal testis tissues from patients. CSE1L distribution during cell mitosis was determined by immunofluorescent staining with CSE1L, α‐tubulin and γ‐tubulin antibodies. The effects of Cse1L knockdown on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression were determined by Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay, flow cytometry, PH3 staining and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay. Results CSE1L was significantly enriched in the seminoma tissue compared with the non‐tumour normal testis tissue. CSE1L also co‐localized with α‐tubulin in the cells with a potential to divide. In the seminoma cell line TCam‐2, CSE1L was associated with the spindles and the centrosomes during cell division. The knockdown of CSE1L in TCam‐2 cells attenuated the cells’ proliferative capacity. Cell cycle assay revealed that the CSE1L‐deficient cells were mainly arrested in the G0/G1 phase and moderately delayed in the G2/M phase. The proportion of cells with multipolar spindle and abnormal spindle geometry was obviously increased by CSE1L expression silencing in the TCam‐2 cells. Conclusions Overall, these findings showed that CSE1L plays a pivotal role in maintaining cell proliferation and cell division in seminomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Liu
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajing Wei
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Xu
- The First People's Hospital of Tianmen City, Tianmen, China
| | - Xiaosong Sun
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chengliang Xiong
- Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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15
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Iwasa H, Hossain S, Hata Y. Tumor suppressor C-RASSF proteins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1773-1787. [PMID: 29353317 PMCID: PMC11105443 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2756-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human genome has ten genes that are collectedly called Ras association domain family (RASSF). RASSF is composed of two subclasses, C-RASSF and N-RASSF. Both N-RASSF and C-RASSF encode Ras association domain-containing proteins and are frequently suppressed by DNA hypermethylation in human cancers. However, C-RASSF and N-RASSF are quite different. Six C-RASSF proteins (RASSF1-6) are characterized by a C-terminal coiled-coil motif named Salvador/RASSF/Hippo domain, while four N-RASSF proteins (RASSF7-10) lack it. C-RASSF proteins interact with mammalian Ste20-like kinases-the core kinases of the tumor suppressor Hippo pathway-and cross-talk with this pathway. Some of them share the same interacting molecules such as MDM2 and exert the tumor suppressor role in similar manners. Nevertheless, each C-RASSF protein has distinct characters. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of how C-RASSF proteins play tumor suppressor roles and discuss the similarities and differences among C-RASSF proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Iwasa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shakhawoat Hossain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Yutaka Hata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
- Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
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16
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Winkler J, Roessler S, Sticht C, DiGuilio AL, Drucker E, Holzer K, Eiteneuer E, Herpel E, Breuhahn K, Gretz N, Schirmacher P, Ori A, Singer S. Cellular apoptosis susceptibility (CAS) is linked to integrin β1 and required for tumor cell migration and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Oncotarget 2017; 7:22883-92. [PMID: 27015362 PMCID: PMC5008409 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Importins and exportins represent an integral part of the nucleocytoplasmic transport machinery with fundamental importance for eukaryotic cell function. A variety of malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) show de-regulation of nuclear transport factors such as overexpression of the exportin Cellular Apoptosis Susceptibility (CAS). The functional implications of CAS in hepatocarcinogenesis remain, however, poorly understood. Here we integrated proteomics, transcriptomics and functional assays with patient data to further characterize the role of CAS in HCC. By analyzing ∼ 1700 proteins using quantitative mass spectrometry in HCC cells we found that CAS depletion by RNAi leads to de-regulation of integrins, particularly down-regulation of integrin β1. Consistent with this finding, CAS knockdown resulted in substantially reduced migration and invasion of HCC cell lines as analyzed by 2D ‘scratch’ and invasion chamber assays, respectively. Supporting the potential in vivo relevance, high expression levels of CAS in HCC tissue samples were associated with macroangioinvasion and poorer patient outcome. Our data suggest a previously unanticipated link between CAS and integrin signaling which correlates with an aggressive HCC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Winkler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Roessler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Research Centre, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Amanda L DiGuilio
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA
| | - Elisabeth Drucker
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Holzer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Eiteneuer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Herpel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Breuhahn
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Centre, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Ori
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann-Institute e.V. (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan Singer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Cheng DD, Lin HC, Li SJ, Yao M, Yang QC, Fan CY. CSE1L interaction with MSH6 promotes osteosarcoma progression and predicts poor patient survival. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46238. [PMID: 28387323 PMCID: PMC5384328 DOI: 10.1038/srep46238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To discover tumor-associated proteins in osteosarcoma, a quantitative proteomic analysis was performed to identify proteins that were differentially expressed between osteosarcoma and human osteoblastic cells. Through clinical screening and a functional evaluation, chromosome segregation 1-like (CSE1L) protein was found to be related to the growth of osteosarcoma cells. To date, little is known about the function and underlying mechanism of CSE1L in osteosarcoma. In the present study, we show that knockdown of CSE1L inhibits osteosarcoma growth in vitro and in vivo. By co-immunoprecipitation and RNA-seq analysis, CSE1L was found to interact with mutS homolog 6 (MSH6) and function as a positive regulator of MSH6 protein in osteosarcoma cells. A rescue study showed that decreased growth of osteosarcoma cells by CSE1L knockdown was reversed by MSH6 overexpression, indicating that the activity of CSE1L was an MSH6-dependent function. In addition, depletion of MSH6 hindered cellular proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Notably, CSE1L expression was correlated with MSH6 expression in tumor samples and was associated with poor prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the CSE1L-MSH6 axis has an important role in osteosarcoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - He-Chun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shi-Jie Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qing-Cheng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Cun-Yi Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
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18
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Jiang MC. CAS (CSE1L) signaling pathway in tumor progression and its potential as a biomarker and target for targeted therapy. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13077-13090. [PMID: 27596143 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CSE1L (chromosome segregation 1-like protein), also named as CAS (cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein), is highly expressed in most cancer types. CSE1L/CAS is a multiple functional protein that plays roles in apoptosis, cell survival, chromosome assembly, nucleocytoplasmic transport, microvesicle formation, and cancer metastasis; some of the functions are explicitly correlated. CSE1L is also a cancer serum biomarker. The phosphorylation of CAS is regulated by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). The RAS/RAF/MAPK/ERK signaling pathways are the essential targets of most targeted cancer drugs, thus serum phosphorylated CSE1L may be a potential biomarker for monitoring drug resistance in targeted therapy. CSE1L can regulate Ras-induced ERK phosphorylation. CSE1L also regulates the expression and phosphorylation of CREB (cAMP response element binding protein) and MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor) and is thus involved in the melanogenesis and progression of melanoma. CAS is an exosome/microvesicle membrane protein. Tumor cells consistently secrete microvesicles and tumor-derived microvesicles may be accumulated around tumors. Therefore, microvesicle membrane CSE1L may be a potential target for the development of high-efficacy antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for cancer therapy. This review will focus on CSE1L expression in cancers, its relationship to Ras/ERK and cAMP/PKA signaling pathways in melanoma development, its potential for the development of ADCs and tumor imaging reagents, and secretory phosphorylated CSE1L for monitoring the emergence of drug resistance in targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chung Jiang
- Targetrust Biotech. Ltd., No. 510 Zhongzheng Rd, Xinzhuang Dist, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan.
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19
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Stelma T, Chi A, van der Watt PJ, Verrico A, Lavia P, Leaner VD. Targeting nuclear transporters in cancer: Diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:268-80. [PMID: 26970212 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Karyopherin superfamily is a major class of soluble transport receptors consisting of both import and export proteins. The trafficking of proteins involved in transcription, cell signalling and cell cycle regulation among other functions across the nuclear membrane is essential for normal cellular functioning. However, in cancer cells, the altered expression or localization of nuclear transporters as well as the disruption of endogenous nuclear transport inhibitors are some ways in which the Karyopherin proteins are dysregulated. The value of nuclear transporters in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer is currently being elucidated with recent studies highlighting their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Stelma
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alicia Chi
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pauline J van der Watt
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Annalisa Verrico
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, C/O University of Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lavia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, C/O University of Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Virna D Leaner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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20
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The emerging role of the transcriptional coregulator RIP140 in solid tumors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1856:144-50. [PMID: 26116758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RIP140 is a transcriptional coregulator (also known as NRIP1) which plays very important physiological roles by finely tuning the activity of a large number of transcription factors. Noticeably, the RIP140 gene has been shown to be involved in the regulation of energy expenditure, in mammary gland development and intestinal homeostasis as well as in behavior and cognition. RIP140 is also involved in the regulation of various oncogenic signaling pathways and participates in the development and progression of solid tumors. This short review aims to summarize the role of this transcription factor on nuclear estrogen receptors, E2F and Wnt signaling pathways based on recent observations focusing on breast, ovary, liver and colon tumors.
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21
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Winkler J, Ori A, Holzer K, Sticht C, Dauch D, Eiteneuer EM, Pinna F, Geffers R, Ehemann V, Andres-Pons A, Breuhahn K, Longerich T, Bermejo JL, Gretz N, Zender L, Schirmacher P, Beck M, Singer S. Prosurvival function of the cellular apoptosis susceptibility/importin-α1 transport cycle is repressed by p53 in liver cancer. Hepatology 2014; 60:884-95. [PMID: 24799195 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Proteins of the karyopherin superfamily including importins and exportins represent an essential part of the nucleocytoplasmic transport machinery. However, the functional relevance and regulation of karyopherins in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poorly understood. Here we identified cellular apoptosis susceptibility (CAS, exportin-2) and its transport substrate importin-α1 (imp-α1) among significantly up-regulated transport factor genes in HCC. Disruption of the CAS/imp-α1 transport cycle by RNAi in HCC cell lines resulted in decreased tumor cell growth and increased apoptosis. The apoptotic phenotype upon CAS depletion could be recapitulated by direct knockdown of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) and partially reverted by XIAP overexpression. In addition, XIAP and CAS mRNA expression levels were correlated in HCC patient samples (r=0.463; P<0.01), supporting the in vivo relevance of our findings. Furthermore, quantitative mass spectrometry analyses of murine HCC samples (p53-/- versus p53+/+) indicated higher protein expression of CAS and imp-α1 in p53-/- tumors. Consistent with a role of p53 in regulating the CAS/imp-α1 transport cycle, we observed that both transport factors were repressed upon p53 induction in a p21-dependent manner. CONCLUSION The CAS/imp-α1 transport cycle is linked to XIAP and is required to maintain tumor cell survival in HCC. Moreover, CAS and imp-α1 are targets of p53-mediated repression, which represents a novel aspect of p53's ability to control tumor cell growth in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Winkler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Kimura M, Imamoto N. Biological significance of the importin-β family-dependent nucleocytoplasmic transport pathways. Traffic 2014; 15:727-48. [PMID: 24766099 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Importin-β family proteins (Imp-βs) are nucleocytoplasmic transport receptors (NTRs) that import and export proteins and RNAs through the nuclear pores. The family consists of 14-20 members depending on the biological species, and each member transports a specific group of cargoes. Thus, the Imp-βs mediate multiple, parallel transport pathways that can be regulated separately. In fact, the spatiotemporally differential expressions and the functional regulations of Imp-βs have been reported. Additionally, the biological significance of each pathway has been characterized by linking the function of a member of Imp-βs to a cellular consequence. Connecting these concepts, the regulation of the transport pathways conceivably induces alterations in the cellular physiological states. However, few studies have linked the regulation of an importin-β family NTR to an induced cellular response and the corresponding cargoes, despite the significance of this linkage in comprehending the biological relevance of the transport pathways. This review of recent reports on the regulation and biological functions of the Imp-βs highlights the significance of the transport pathways in physiological contexts and points out the possibility that the identification of yet unknown specific cargoes will reinforce the importance of transport regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kimura
- Cellular Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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Volodko N, Gordon M, Salla M, Ghazaleh HA, Baksh S. RASSF tumor suppressor gene family: Biological functions and regulation. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2671-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Ran GTPase in nuclear envelope formation and cancer metastasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 773:323-51. [PMID: 24563355 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-8032-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ran is a small ras-related GTPase that controls the nucleocytoplasmic exchange of macromolecules across the nuclear envelope. It binds to chromatin early during nuclear formation and has important roles during the eukaryotic cell cycle, where it regulates mitotic spindle assembly, nuclear envelope formation and cell cycle checkpoint control. Like other GTPases, Ran relies on the cycling between GTP-bound and GDP-bound conformations to interact with effector proteins and regulate these processes. In nucleocytoplasmic transport, Ran shuttles across the nuclear envelope through nuclear pores. It is concentrated in the nucleus by an active import mechanism where it generates a high concentration of RanGTP by nucleotide exchange. It controls the assembly and disassembly of a range of complexes that are formed between Ran-binding proteins and cellular cargo to maintain rapid nuclear transport. Ran also has been identified as an essential protein in nuclear envelope formation in eukaryotes. This mechanism is dependent on importin-β, which regulates the assembly of further complexes important in this process, such as Nup107-Nup160. A strong body of evidence is emerging implicating Ran as a key protein in the metastatic progression of cancer. Ran is overexpressed in a range of tumors, such as breast and renal, and these perturbed levels are associated with local invasion, metastasis and reduced patient survival. Furthermore, tumors with oncogenic KRAS or PIK3CA mutations are addicted to Ran expression, which yields exciting future therapeutic opportunities.
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Lorenzato A, Biolatti M, Delogu G, Capobianco G, Farace C, Dessole S, Cossu A, Tanda F, Madeddu R, Olivero M, Di Renzo MF. AKT activation drives the nuclear localization of CSE1L and a pro-oncogenic transcriptional activation in ovarian cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:2627-36. [PMID: 23948303 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The human homolog of the yeast cse1 gene (CSE1L) is over-expressed in ovarian cancer. CSE1L forms complex with Ran and importin-α and has roles in nucleocytoplasmic traffic and gene expression. CSE1L accumulated in the nucleus of ovarian cancer cell lines, while it was localized also in the cytoplasm of other cancer cell lines. Nuclear localization depended on AKT, which was constitutively active in ovarian cancer cells, as the CSE1L protein translocated to the cytoplasm when AKT was inactivated. Moreover, the expression of a constitutively active AKT forced the translocation of CSE1L from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in other cancer cells. Nuclear accrual of CSE1L was associated to the nuclear accumulation of the phosphorylated Ran Binding protein 3 (RanBP3), which depended on AKT as well. Also in samples of human ovarian cancer, AKT activation was associated to nuclear accumulation of CSE1L and phosphorylation of RanBP3. Expression profiling of ovarian cancer cells after CSE1L silencing showed that CSE1L was required for the expression of genes promoting invasion and metastasis. In agreement, CSE1L silencing impaired motility and invasiveness of ovarian cancer cells. Altogether these data show that in ovarian cancer cells activated AKT by affecting RanBP3 phosphorylation determines the nuclear accumulation of CSE1L and likely the nuclear concentration of transcription factors conveying pro-oncogenic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Lorenzato
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Torino, Italy; Institute for Cancer Research at Candiolo, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
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26
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Li KK, Yang L, Pang JC, Chan AK, Zhou L, Mao Y, Wang Y, Lau K, Poon WS, Shi Z, Ng H. MIR-137 suppresses growth and invasion, is downregulated in oligodendroglial tumors and targets CSE1L. Brain Pathol 2013; 23:426-39. [PMID: 23252729 PMCID: PMC8028883 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-137 (miR-137) expression has been reported to be decreased in astrocytic tumors in two expression profiling studies but its role in the pathogenesis of oligodendroglial tumors is still limited. In this study, we demonstrate that miR-137 expression is significantly downregulated in a cohort of 35 oligodendroglial tumors and nine glioma cell lines compared with normal brains. Lower miR-137 expression is associated with shorter progressive-free survival and overall survival. Restoration of miR-137 expression in an oligodendroglial cells TC620, and also glioblastoma cells of U87 and U373 significantly suppressed cell growth, anchorage-independent growth, as well as invasion. Demethylation and deacetylation treatments resulted in upregulation of miR-137 expression in TC620 cells. In silico analysis showed that CSE1 chromosome segregation 1-like (yeast) (CSE1L) is a potential target gene of miR-137. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-137 negatively regulates CSE1L by interaction between miR-137 and complementary sequences in the 3' UTR of CSE1L. Immunohistochemistry revealed that CSE1L is upregulated in oligodendroglial tumors. Knockdown of CSE1L resulted in similar outcomes as overexpressing miR-137 in oligodendroglioma cells and glioblastoma cells. Overall, our data suggest that miR-137 regulates growth of glioma cells and targets CSE1L, providing further understanding in the tumorigenesis of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Ka‐Wai Li
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Jesse Chung‐Sean Pang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Aden Ka‐Yin Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Liangfu Zhou
- Department of NeurosurgeryHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of NeurosurgeryHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of NeuropathologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Kin‐Mang Lau
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Wai Sang Poon
- Neurosurgery DivisionDepartment of SurgeryThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- Department of NeurosurgeryHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ho‐Keung Ng
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
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Pavan S, Olivero M, Corà D, Di Renzo MF. IRF-1 expression is induced by cisplatin in ovarian cancer cells and limits drug effectiveness. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:964-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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