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Liu XM, Yan MQ, Ji SY, Sha QQ, Huang T, Zhao H, Liu HB, Fan HY, Chen ZJ. Loss of oocyte Rps26 in mice arrests oocyte growth and causes premature ovarian failure. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1144. [PMID: 30451825 PMCID: PMC6242890 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Global transcriptional activity increases as oocytes grow and is silenced in fully grown oocytes. Thus, the chromatin configuration varies during oocyte growth, but the molecular mechanisms regulating these changes remain to be clarified. Here, we studied a susceptibility gene of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), RPS26, which is a ribosomal protein-encoding gene that is highly expressed in the ovary, but the functions of which remain unknown. Specific knockout of Rps26 in mouse oocytes resulted in retarded follicle development from pre-antral follicles to antral follicles, while the chromatin configurations of the oocytes were arrested at the transition from the non-surrounded nucleolus (NSN) to surrounded nucleolus (SN)-type. As a consequence, all oocytes died by postnatal day 84 resulting in premature ovarian failure (POF). Loss of Rps26 in oocytes led to decreased mRNA transcription and low levels of histone trimethylation on H3K4/H3K9 and DNA methylation at 5-cytosine, high levels of which are required for oocytes to transform from NSN to SN-type. Low protein levels of oocyte-derived growth differentiation factor 9, bone morphogenetic protein 15, and the oocyte-granulosa cell gap junction protein connexin 37 inhibited oocyte growth and retarded follicle development. The disruption of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/Forkhead box O-3a pathway contributed to oocyte death and follicle atresia. These results provide genetic clues for the clinical diagnosis of POF, especially in PCOS patients without treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Man Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250001, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, 250001, China
- The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250001, China
| | - Ming-Qi Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250001, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, 250001, China
- The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250001, China
| | - Shu-Yan Ji
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qian-Qian Sha
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250001, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, 250001, China
- The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250001, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250001, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, 250001, China
- The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250001, China
| | - Hong-Bin Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250001, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, 250001, China
- The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250001, China
| | - Heng-Yu Fan
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250001, China.
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, 250001, China.
- The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250001, China.
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200135, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, 200135, China.
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Wang W, Nag S, Zhang X, Wang MH, Wang H, Zhou J, Zhang R. Ribosomal proteins and human diseases: pathogenesis, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. Med Res Rev 2014; 35:225-85. [PMID: 25164622 DOI: 10.1002/med.21327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomes are essential components of the protein synthesis machinery. The process of ribosome biogenesis is well organized and tightly regulated. Recent studies have shown that ribosomal proteins (RPs) have extraribosomal functions that are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, DNA repair, and other cellular processes. The dysfunction of RPs has been linked to the development and progression of hematological, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Perturbation of ribosome biogenesis results in ribosomal stress, which triggers activation of the p53 signaling pathway through RPs-MDM2 interactions, resulting in p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. RPs also regulate cellular functions through p53-independent mechanisms. We herein review the recent advances in several forefronts of RP research, including the understanding of their biological features and roles in regulating cellular functions, maintaining cell homeostasis, and their involvement in the pathogenesis of human diseases. We also highlight the translational potential of this research for the identification of molecular biomarkers, and in the discovery and development of novel treatments for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, 79106; Cancer Biology Center, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, 79106
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Sudhamalla B, Kumar M, Kumar RS, Sashi P, Yasin UM, Ramakrishna D, Rao PN, Bhuyan AK. Enzyme dimension of the ribosomal protein S4 across plant and animal kingdoms. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:5335-41. [PMID: 23791937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protein S4 of the smaller ribosomal subunit is centrally important for its anchorage role in ribosome assembly and rRNA binding. Eubacterial S4 also facilitates synthesis of rRNA, and restrains translation of ribosomal proteins of the same polycistronic mRNA. Eukaryotic S4 has no homolog in eubacterial kingdom, nor are such extraribosomal functions of S4 known in plants and animals even as genetic evidence suggests that deficiency of S4X isoform in 46,XX human females may produce Turner syndrome (45,XO). METHODS Recombinant human S4X and rice S4 were used to determine their enzymatic action in the cleavage of synthetic peptide substrates and natural proteins. We also studied autoproteolysis of the recombinant S4 proteins, and examined the growth and proliferation of S4-transfected human embryonic kidney cells. RESULTS Extraribosomal enzyme nature of eukaryotic S4 is described. Both human S4X and rice S4 are cysteine proteases capable of hydrolyzing a wide spectrum of peptides and natural proteins of diverse origin. Whereas rice S4 also cleaves the -XXXD↓- consensus sequence assumed to be specific for caspase-9 and granzyme B, human S4 does not. Curiously, both human and rice S4 show multiple-site autoproteolysis leading to self-annihilation. Overexpression of human S4 blocks the growth and proliferation of transfected embryonic kidney cells, presumably due to the extraribosomal enzyme trait reported. CONCLUSIONS The S4 proteins of humans and rice, prototypes of eukaryota, are non-specific cysteine proteases in the extraribosomal milieu. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The enzyme nature of S4 is relevant toward understanding not only the origin of ribosomal proteins, but also processes in cell biology and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Sudhamalla
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
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